Urinary System

Function of the urinary system

The urinary system removes certain salts and nitrogenous wastes

Also helps maintain the normal concentrations of water and electrolytes within body fluids

Regulates the pH and volume of body fluids

Helps control red blood cell production and blood pressure

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urinary system

1. Renal pyramid2. Interlobular artery3. Renal artery4. Renal vein5. Renal hilum6. Renal pelvis7. Ureter8. Minor calyx9. Renal capsule10. Inferior renal capsule11. Superior renal capsule12. interlobular vein13. cortical nephron (in cortex)14. Minor calyx15. Major calyx16. Renal papilla17. Renal column

Anatomy of the major organs functions and locations

A pair of kidneys which remove substances from blood, form urine and help regulate certain metabolic processes, located high on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

Anatomy of the major organs functions and locations cont....

A pair of tubular ureters, which transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

A saclike urinary bladder which stores urine, located in the pelvis

Tubular urethra which conveys urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Bladder

Ureter

Urethra

Sphincter

Kidney

Artery

Vein

Pathway of blood within a kidney

1.Blood flows through renal artery

2. Interlobar arteries

3. Arcuate arteries

4. Interlobular arteries

5. Afferent arterioles

6. Glomerulus

7. Efferent arterioles

8. Peritubular capillaries

Kidney path

• Nephron- Functional unit of the kidney that produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood, consists of renal corpuscle and renal tubule

• Renal Corpuscle- Filtration unit of vertebrate nephrons, functional units of the kidney.

• Renal Tubule- The part of a nephron that leads away from a glomerulus, causes reabsorption and secretion.

• The difference between the two is the corpuscle is used for filtration while the tubule is used for reabsorption and secreting waste away.

Nephron

Nephron

Urine

Urine Formation in the nephron

• Urine is composed mostly of water containing organic wastes as well as some salts.

• The composition of urine can vary according to diet, time of day, and diseases.

• In one measure, the make-up of urine is 95 percent water and 5 percent solids.

• Urine contains the positive ions sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, as well as the negative ions chlorides, sulfates, phosphates.

urine composition

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Outside Influences:Stuff you take can change the color

of your urine. For instance, some medications, laxatives, chemotherapy drugs

and dyes doctors give you to diagnose urinary tract infections can make your

urine darker than normal.

The Invisible World Of Urine:

You can tell a lot from looking at your urine. But you can tell a lot

more from the kind of sophisticated urinalysis you should be getting

along with a regular physical examination from your doctor.

Blood in the urine, a serious sign, is often invisible to the naked eye. The level of sugars in your urine may indicate a risk for diabetes.

When you’re at your doctor’s office, don’t be afraid to pee in the cup. It’s one of the best things you can

do for your health.

• Urea- a by-product of amino acid catabolism or breakdown. Consequently, its plasma concentration reflects the amount of protein in the diet. It enters the renal tubule by filtration, about 50% is reabsorbed, and the remainder goes to urine.

• Uric Acid- a chemical created when the body breaks down substances called purines which are found in some foods and drinks. Most uric acid dissolves in blood and travels to the kidneys. From there, it passes out in urine. If your body produces too much uric acid or doesn't remove enough if it, you can get sick. A high level of uric acid in the blood is called hyperuricemia or gout.

Source of Urea and Uric Acid

Process of Urine Elimination

Ureter- Extends from the kidneys to carry urine to the bladder

Bladder- expandable structure that stores urine before it is eliminated. detruser muscles attach to the bladder and sphincter to control urination

Micturition reflex- the neurological pathways involved in controlling the release of urine from the bladder

Urethra- the tube that carries urine to the outside of the body

• Gout is caused from crystals of uric acid deposited in the joints and other tissues

• Urine produced is usually between 0.9 and 2.5 liters per day.

• Kidney stones are composed of uric acid, calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate.

• A kidney contains 1million nephrons

• Diuretic- any substance that increases urine production

• Uric acid is the cause of the smell of urine

• Ureters are 10-12 inches long which connect kidneys to bladder

Fun Facts

Cites

•http://www.livescience.com/27012-urinary-system.html

•http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_pathway_of_blood_through_the_kidneys

•Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology

•http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_saladin/folder_structure/ab/m2/s3/assets/images/abm2s3_1.jpg