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OLD AGE : vocational and OLD AGE : vocational and family adjustmentfamily adjustment
Work and family Work and family
Economic factors Economic factors
Vocational adjustmentVocational adjustment
Attitude towards work Attitude towards work Vocational opportunities for older workersVocational opportunities for older workersAppraisal of older workersAppraisal of older workers
Conditions limiting employment Conditions limiting employment opportunities for older workersopportunities for older workers
Compulsory retirementCompulsory retirementHiring policiesHiring policiesPension plansPension plansSocial attitudesSocial attitudesFluctuations in business cyclesFluctuations in business cyclesKind of workKind of worksexsex
Adjustment to retirementAdjustment to retirement
Kinds of retirementKinds of retirement
Voluntary or compulsoryVoluntary or compulsoryRegular or earlyRegular or early
Sex differences in adjustment to Sex differences in adjustment to retirementretirement
Women, adjust better to retirement than Women, adjust better to retirement than men. men.
1. women plays a domestic role, married/ 1. women plays a domestic role, married/ singlesingle
2. work provides fewer psychological 2. work provides fewer psychological benefits and social supports for womenbenefits and social supports for women
Its less traumatic for them than for menIts less traumatic for them than for men3. they do not feel that they have suddenly 3. they do not feel that they have suddenly
lost all their power and prestigelost all their power and prestige
adjustment to changes in family life adjustment to changes in family life in old age in old age
1. Relationships with spouse1. Relationships with spouse - sexual activity in old age- sexual activity in old age - factors influencing sexual behavior- factors influencing sexual behavior - effects on marital adjustment- effects on marital adjustment2. relationship with offspring2. relationship with offspring3. parental dependency 3. parental dependency 4. relationship with grandchildren4. relationship with grandchildren
5. assessment of adjustment to changes in 5. assessment of adjustment to changes in family lifefamily life
Adjustment to loss of a spouse in Adjustment to loss of a spouse in old age old age
Adjustment problems for menAdjustment problems for menAdjustment problems for womenAdjustment problems for women
Remarriage in old ageRemarriage in old age
Age difference in remarriageAge difference in remarriageAdjustment problems of remarriageAdjustment problems of remarriage
Adjustment to single hood in old Adjustment to single hood in old ageage
Living arrangements for the elderlyLiving arrangements for the elderly - needs in living arrangements- needs in living arrangements - types of living arrangement- types of living arrangement
Some condition influencing choice Some condition influencing choice of living arrangements for the of living arrangements for the
elderlyelderlyEconomic statusEconomic statusMarital statusMarital statusHealthHealthEase of caring forEase of caring forSexSexChildrenChildrenDesire for companionshipDesire for companionshipclimateclimate
Institutional living for the Institutional living for the elderlyelderly
Disadvantage and advantagesDisadvantage and advantages
disadvantagedisadvantage
It is more expensive than living in one’s It is more expensive than living in one’s own homeown home
Like all institutional food, it is usually less Like all institutional food, it is usually less appealing than home cooked foodappealing than home cooked food
Choice of food is limited and often Choice of food is limited and often repetitiousrepetitious
Close and constant contact with some Close and constant contact with some people who may be uncongenial people who may be uncongenial
The location is often some distance away The location is often some distance away from shops, amusements, and community from shops, amusements, and community organizationsorganizations
Locations is usually at some distance from Locations is usually at some distance from family and friendsfamily and friends
Living quarters tend to be considerably Living quarters tend to be considerably smaller than in former homessmaller than in former homes
advantagesadvantages
Maintenance and repairs are provided by Maintenance and repairs are provided by the institutionthe institution
All meals are available at reasonable costAll meals are available at reasonable costProvision is made for suitable recreations Provision is made for suitable recreations
and amusementsand amusementsOpportunities are available for contacts Opportunities are available for contacts
with contemporaries with similar interest with contemporaries with similar interest and abilitiesand abilities
Greater chance for acceptance by Greater chance for acceptance by contemporaries than when with younger peoplecontemporaries than when with younger people
Eliminates loneliness because people are Eliminates loneliness because people are always available for companionshipalways available for companionship
Holiday celebrations for those who have no Holiday celebrations for those who have no family are providedfamily are provided
Opportunity or prestige based on past Opportunity or prestige based on past accomplishment that would not occur in groups accomplishment that would not occur in groups of younger people.of younger people.
Vocational and family life Vocational and family life hazards of old age hazards of old age
Vocational hazardsVocational hazards
Prevention from workingPrevention from workingRetirement Retirement
Conditions contributing to the Conditions contributing to the seriousness of unemployment in seriousness of unemployment in
old ageold ageKind of workKind of workNew job versus job shiftNew job versus job shiftNecessity for retraining Necessity for retraining Minority group statusMinority group status
Family life hazardsFamily life hazards
Sexual deprivationSexual deprivationLonelinessLonelinessLiving arrangement Living arrangement Role changesRole changes
Assessment of adjustment Assessment of adjustment to old ageto old age
Some factors influencing Some factors influencing adjustment to old ageadjustment to old age
Preparation for old agePreparation for old age Earlier experienceEarlier experience Satisfaction of needsSatisfaction of needs Grown childrenGrown children Social attitudesSocial attitudes Personal attitudesPersonal attitudes Method of adjustmentMethod of adjustment Health conditionHealth condition Living conditionLiving condition Economic conditionEconomic condition
Common characteristic of Common characteristic of good and poor adjustment in good and poor adjustment in
old ageold age
Good and bad adjustmentGood and bad adjustment
goodgood
Strong and varied interestStrong and varied interest Economic independenceEconomic independence Many social contacts Many social contacts Enjoyment of workEnjoyment of work Participation in organizationsParticipation in organizations Enjoy present activitiesEnjoy present activities Minimum worry about self or othersMinimum worry about self or others Avoidance of criticism Avoidance of criticism Avoidance of fault findingAvoidance of fault finding
Bad / poorBad / poor
Little interest in the worldLittle interest in the worldWithdrawal to the world of fantasyWithdrawal to the world of fantasyConstant reminiscingConstant reminiscingConstant worryConstant worryLonelinessLonelinessConstant complainingConstant complainingRefusal to take part in activitiesRefusal to take part in activities
Some important conditions Some important conditions contributing to happiness contributing to happiness
A favorable attitude toward old age developed A favorable attitude toward old age developed as a result of earlier pleasurable contacts with as a result of earlier pleasurable contacts with elderly peopleelderly people
Happy memories of childhood and adulthoodHappy memories of childhood and adulthood Freedom to pursue a desired lifestyle without Freedom to pursue a desired lifestyle without
outside interferenceoutside interference A realistic attitude toward and acceptance of the A realistic attitude toward and acceptance of the
psychological changes that aging inevitably psychological changes that aging inevitably bringsbrings
Acceptance by , respect from, the social Acceptance by , respect from, the social groupgroup
A feeling of satisfaction with marital status A feeling of satisfaction with marital status and sex lifeand sex life
Reasonably good health with chronic Reasonably good health with chronic health problems health problems
Enjoyment of social activities with relatives Enjoyment of social activities with relatives and friendsand friends
Productive activities whether with relatives Productive activities whether with relatives and friendsand friends
A financial situation adequate to meet A financial situation adequate to meet needs and wants needs and wants