Urban traffic situation and possible solutions for HANOI

The UNESCAP Regional Expert Group Meeting & Second Asia BRTS Conference, in Ahmedabad

Source by Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/MOT 1

Nguyen Cong BangAhmedabad 9/2014

Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh Traffic: in the Past and Today

The UNESCAP Regional Expert Group Meeting & Second Asia BRTS Conference, in Ahmedabad

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 2

Ancient Thang Long Traffic: Non-motorized traffic

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 3

1- Đông giáp Kinh Bắc; 2 - Thiên Đức giang; 3 - Nhĩ Hà; 4 -Vạn Bảo châu; 5 - Bắc; 6 - Tây Hồ; 7 - Trấn Vũ quán; 8 -Thiên Phù giang; 9 - Bắc giáp Sơn Tây; 10 - Trung Đô đồ; 11 -Thăng Long thành; 12 - Quảng Đức huyện; 13 - Tô Lịch giang;14 - Đông Môn; 15 - Đông Cung; 16 - Vạn Thọ điện; 17 - ChíLinh; 18 - Khán Sơn tự; 19 - Linh Lang từ; 20 - Giảng Vũ điện;21 - Tây Tràng An; 22 - Đông Tràng An; 23 - Thái Miếu; 24 -Nam Môn; 25 - Bạch Mã từ; 26 - Phụng Thiên phủ; 27 - BáoThiên tháp; 28 - Hội Thí trường; 29 - Tây; 30 - Bảo Khánhmôn; 31 - Đồ họa tam; 32 - Quốc Tử Giám; 33 - Tư Thiêngiám; 34 - Thọ Xương huyện; 35 - Nam Giao điện; 36 - Nam;37 - Tây giáp Sơn Tây; 38 - Nam giáp Sơn Nam.

Hanoi before the French Invasion: Non-motorized traffic

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 4

Hanoi under French Colonial: NMT and Tramway

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 5

Hanoi before Doi Moi: NMT and Tramway

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 6

Hanoi 1990s: MNT + Bus and ….. Motorcycle

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 7

Nguồn: http://reds.vn/index.php/khoanh-khac-lich-su/402-ha-noi-1990/

Hanoi 2000s: Motorcycle and ….. car

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 8

Ho Chi Minh today

9

Ho Chi Minh today

10

Ho Chi Minh today

11

Hanoi & Ho Chi Minh Traffic : Problems and Causes

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 12

Accidents High rate of fatalities Occurred mainly on the urban arterials and sub-urban

highways Severe accidents occurred frequently during night time and

off-peak period

Congestion Extremely high volume 60% travel time is delay

Pollutions Noise: is the most serious environmental problem of

motorcyle use Air pollution: two-stroke engine motorcyclees

Urban Transport Problems

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 13

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 14

Traffic Problems: Accidents

Vehicle per 10.000 vehicles rate of cars is 4 time higher than that of motorcycle

Note: Data is only for the former Hanoi area (before 1/08/2008)

30.71 34.52

15.95

12.51

8.32 9.93

3.35 3.85

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

2005 2006 2007 2008

No. of vehicle among 10,000 vehicle related to traffic accident

Car

Motorcycle

Source: Hanoi Traffic Police Bureau 2009

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOTSlide 15

Congestion: Look and think!

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT

Internal Causes: Transport Issues ± Demand: high intensity and imbalanced distribution− Vehicles: mixed vehicle technologies on the traffic flow− Behaviours: immature responses to motorisation of transport− Road Network: imbalanced distribution, lack of hierarchy, non-

standard alleys− Parking: lack of area and facilities, No consideration for MC− Public transport: low availability and quality− Traffic Management: confusing and low effectiveness± Urban and Transport Plans: failed by

− Ambitious goals and objectives± Foreigner dependent planning− Lack of resources (technical, financial, human)− Complicated structure and low competency institutions

Causes of the Problems

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 17

External Causes: Urban development Issues

Political and socio-economic conditions Frequently changing laws and regulations, and institutional structure Quickly increasing income Social conflicts between different income groups and cultural trends.

Demographic conditions Rapid and uncontrolled urbanisation High density population

Urban form and Land use conditions Mono-centric urban form Mixed land use in the city centre Sprawled and uncontrolled development in the newly urbanised areas Two-wheeler accessed only block

Causes of the Problems

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 18

Over-pass bridge: Solutions or problems?

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 19

Which way for urban and transport system in Hanoi

Urban Transport Development Scenarios for Hanoi

[adapted from Barter (1999)]

Note: General evoluation path of the cities Low oil-dependent cityEvolution path of some early industrialised cities Oil-dependent CitySuitable path for Motorcycle Dependent Cities cities Congested& oil-dependent City

Weak centre Strong centre

Spectrum of city types between autmobile cities and modern transit

cities

Slow: motorisation: restrained vehicle use; moderate road buidling

Walking cities

NMT Cities

Bus cities ( low-cost cities)

MDCs

Traffic saturated cities

"Bangkok syndrome"

Automobile cities

Modern Transit Cities

(Rail oriented)

Original Rail cities

Modern Bus Cities

?

?

Investment in Rail transit (when affordable); Transit oriented land use

development

Mass-transit oriented land use patterns become the norm; Investement in NMT

facilities

Srongly restrain motorisation and vechicle use, Investement in Modern buses; Transit oriented land

use; investement in NMT facilities

Mass-transit oriented land use patterns become the norm; Investement in Rail Transit

Traffic disastersVery low accessibilityEconomic stagnation, pollution, urban decay

Continue motorisation; Do nothing else

Continue motorisation

Continue motorisation; Heavy investment in road road builing;

rapid sprawling suburbs

Car dependence become "built in"

?

? ? ?

Early replace of rail by

buses

Unrestrained/rapid motorisation; High ivestment in road building; rapid sprawling

suburbs, strongly reduce invesment in mass transit?

Strong motorisation

?

Strong/Early motorisation, low investement in public transport

Early restrain of motorisation

Automobile cities

Unrestrained/rapid motorisation; High investment in road building; rapid

sprawling suburbs, strongly reduce invesment in mass transitMDCs

Modern Bus Cities

Modern Transit Cities

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOTSlide 20

Urban Transport Development Framework

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 21

To improve urban freight

transport

Modal development

objectives

To increase capacity of transport supply

To save space consumption for transport

To promote use of public transport

service

To promote use of non-motorised

transport

To reduce use of individual motorised

vehicles

To improve intermodal and

multimodal transport

To increase the number of modal choices

To reduce accident severity

To reduce traffic noise

To increase economic productivity and

efficiency

To increase productivity and efficiency of supply

To save energy consumption in transport

To improve economic attractiveness

To ensure mobility for all transport

demand

To ensure safety of all traffic movements

To protect natural

resources and environment

To improve economy of the city

and region

Strategic goals of transport

system

To ensure equality in using transport properties

To reduce accident frequency

To reduce air pollutions

To reduce total transport cost

Functional objectives of

transport system

A low-carbon and liveable city City's vision

A Strong, Efficient and Low carbon Economy

A Sustainable Transport System Rich and Harmonise Culture

City's Development

goals

Why Hanoi BRT -BRT has clear advantages over all modern public transports such asunderground train and sky train, because it is more cost effective, canbe constructed more quickly and is suitable with Hanoi economic andtransport conditions.

-

- Other advantages of BRT include: fast speed, high capacity, friendlywith disabled passengers, dedicated bus lanes help reduce bus delays,improve bus passenger travel time and bus service frequencies.- Hanoi BRT is high quality bus transit with more civilized and modernservices for passengers. Hanoi BRT uses Magnetic Ticket and smartpass systems. Special bus platform makes it easy and friendly fordisabled travelers. Hanoi BRT uses high capacity buses with clean,civilized environment and provides additional values to customers.

SOME INFOMATIONS ABOUT BRT IN VIET NAM

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Bus Rapid Transport Project - Hanoi BRT

The Hanoi Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is one of the components of Hanoi Urban Transport Development Project which has been approved by Hanoi People's Committee at Decision 1837/QĐ-UBND dated May 10, 2007. This World Bank funded ODA project is an important step in improving the city's urban transportation network and strengthening public transport capacity.

Hanoi BRT has 2 types of tickets:

(1) The Magnetic Ticket: including single journey ticket and On-day pass (2) The smart pass including monthly ticket and Student smart pass. Smart pass is new type of convenient ticket using modern technology

SOME INFOMATIONS ABOUT BRT IN VIET NAM

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HANOI BRT ROUTES

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 24

BRT in HA NOI

TDSI 25

BRT in HA NOI

TDSI 26

BRT in HO CHI MINH

TDSI 27

BRT IN HO CHI MINH

TDSI 28

Approach 1: Provision of Infrastructure capacity to service the growth of car traffic

Approach 2: Provision of Mass Rapid Transit System

Approach 3: Traffic Management

Urban transport development strategies

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 29

Heavy cost &               Environmental unfriendly

Env. Friendly, heavy cost, long time

Env. Friendly, Low cost, short & medium time, 

flexible

Management-based Transport Development Strategies

[Source: Adapted from Khuat (2006)]

Traffic Management

Strategy

Manifested Problems

Transport Situation

Conflict Solving Measures

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOTSlide 30

Hanoi is still depending on motorcycle strongly in term of accessibility and mobility

Car use in growing and evidently causing both congestion and accidents

Almost no chance to have balance car dependent situation Transit Oriented Development is a solution but may be the

best but may not be the optimal solution with tin 10 to 15 years

Cleaner and Safer Motorcycle in combination with bus transport improvement should be emphasized!!!

Traffic Management must become key strategy in the urban transport development process of Hanoi

Some remarks

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 31

Establishment a comprehensive dynamic Traffic Model for Hanoi to use as the basis for traffic management of Hanoi transport system

Intelligent Traffic Management Strategy must become major strategy in formulation and implementation of Hanoi Urban Transport Master Plan to 2030 vision to 2050

To conduct a comprehensive study on traffic management plan for Hanoi in a period of 5 year with a vision to 10 year.

Identify clearly the functions and responsibilities of related governmental authorities and agencies in traffic management.

Recognize urban traffic quality as one of the key performance indicators of Hanoi’s Chairman of People Committee and Party Leader

Recommendations

Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung/DOT/MOT 32