Urban Natural Resources Management for Poverty Reduction

8/9/2019 Urban Natural Resources Management for Poverty Reduction

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Contribution of Remi Kahane to the

Africa Local Government Action Forum (ALGAF) Phase X

Module Natural resources management, pro-poor governance and ICT

GDLN, 05 February 2010

Horticulture: Urban naturalresources managementfor poverty reduction


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GlobalH ortActs locally, thinks globally

Secretariat seats at Arusha, Tanzania

Light and flexible organization (4 staff) registered as

NGO in Belgium and in Tanzania

Consortium of 10 international organizations (Board ofDirectors) including ISHS, AVRDC, CIRAD, GFAR, IFAP

(farmers), ISF (industry)

Mandate: poverty reduction and health improvement

through horticultural innovations


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GlobalH ortActs locally, thinks globally

Core activities

Advocacy and promotion of horticultural science for

development

Networking the diverse and dispersed communityGranting program of research for development

Strengthening education and training in horticulture

Examples of added-value

Nutrition: PROFEL-PROFAV promotion and facilitation

City supply: Advocacy for studies on Urban Horticulture


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IH C Seoul 2006 - Symposium (15)Urban and Peri-Urban Horticulture Situation and study cases over the

world Multifunctional role of urban

horticulture (human health,environmental impact, ) Innovative practices in urban

horticulture (urban wastes recycling,IPM, ) New strategies for planning urban

growth (GIS, market informationsystems, )

Convener(s)T. Lumpkin/AVRDC TaiwanCo-convener(s)R. Kahane/CIRAD France, A. Hodder/FAO

Italy, D. Aldous/Australia, Lee J.S./Korea

Acta Horticulturae, vol. 762, 2007


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IH C Seoul 2006 -Symposium (15)

Urban and Peri-Urban H orticulture Situation and study cases over the world: Yaounde (photo) and Dakar

In Million 2005 2020

inhabitantsYaounde 1,5 M >4 M

Dakar 2,5 M > 5 M

Growth rate 1990-95 2010-15In Africa** 4,16% 3,35%

*Source : Nations Unies, World Urbanization Prospects, The 2001 Revision

Increasing population > Food security issues > Imports + intensification

or alternatives ?


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GlobalH ort and UPA/ City SupplyA common challenge

Mainly horticulture and integrated horticulture inagricultural systems

Lack of visibility, coordination and support meets

the objectives of its core activities

Advocacy and promotion

Networking for knowledge sharing

Capacity strengthening and education

Attract additional funding for innovation


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Major challenges faced bycities in Africa in respect tonatural resources


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HEALTH RISKSrelated to food trends, environment and,

contaminated products


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Competition between traditional and exotic food

Fresh products are more expensive

Poverty combines with deficiencies

Food deficiency and malnutrition cumulate

Studies to reveal, awareness raising, promotion campaig

for good nutrition and higher consumption of F&V

HEALTHFood trends: nutrition transition double burd


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A city to live in, with human face

Competition for space, for land, for soil

Competition for water: city, industry, agriculture

Quantitive and Qualitive aspects



HEALTHThreats on the Environment


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Food distribution and retail are not transparent enoug

What is the real status of food safety, of water qualitysoil or waste levels of contamination?

Poor practices and polluted environment do notencourage consumption of urban grown products



HEALTHContaminated products


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POVERTY increases among urban

populations because of food prices,unemployment and security issues


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POVERTY INCREASEFood prices

No information about urban and peri-urbanproduction

Poor logistics and infrastructures (roads, wholesalemarkets, retail markets)

Competition with imports or food aid

Reveal the place and role of agriculture in the city


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Relative importance of urban agriculturalproductions in Yaounde, Cameroon

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Consumers prices (DSCN 1998, Temple Dury 2003)

For F&V average price was computed from 3 major crops

Average annual prices increased according to seasonal index (Temple, 2002)

Sources: Annual Report 1999/2000 DDA Agriculture Mfoundi BELINGA M.


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POVERTY INCREASEUnemployment - Unsecurity

Cities are attractive for young people who becomejobless

Agriculture is not appreciated sociallyEmpty space becomes insecure quarters in the city,ghettos

Reveal the place and role of agriculture in the city


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Can these challenges beaddressed with bettermanagement of natural

resources?


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FOOD SECURITY

Safe and diversified food


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FOOD SECURITY

Promoting F&V in the diet

Key role to alleviate deficiencies and malnutritionKey role to prevent non communicable diseases(NCD)Raising consumption levels, local production andgood practices of traditional F&V

Strengthening confidence of the population in theirhorticultural products

FAO-WHO Initiative for F&V for health (PROFAV)

European Program on Food Security (FSTP, DG-Dev)


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CITY = ECONOMIC ENGINEMore jobs, more markets, easier access


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ECONOMIC ENGINEMore jobs, more markets, easier access

City consumers request quantity and qualityall year round

Domestic markets are huge and increasing

Demand is diversified and requires reliability, safety,traceability, not only low price

High demand for quality: safe (standards, analyses),

technological (packaging), ecological (organic), ethical(fair trade)

New technologies are available to improve linkagesbetween producers and markets (NTIC)

Regional and international markets are still attractive


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Surveys in 7 countries (Be,BF, Ke, RCI, RSA, Tz, Ug)

performed by NARS

2 main cities per country

3 standard questionnaires

(producers, middle men,retailers)

210 persons

per city

Objective: collecting original

data on production andmarketing of African Indigenous

Vegetables (AIVs)

Method: characterizing the

supply chain of cities in AIV

Description of each player

List of AIVs produced and sold

Record prices and estimate

margins

Behavior towards qualityaspects of AIVs

Opportunities and constraints

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Gross margins of retailersare often very substantive

Ex. in Kampala:

138% for green cowpea

108% for Ethiopian

mustard100% for roselle/bissap

Little added value byretailers

Minimum packaging(plastic bags)

Major indications

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ENVIRONMENT

Managing natural resources and wastes


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ENVIRONMENT

Managing natural resources and wastes

Horticulture as a management tool

Encourages Good Agricultural Pratices (GAP)

Integrated management of Nat Res: soil, water,spaceGeographic integration between rural and urbanareas: complimentary activities in the managementof water, of wastes, in adding value or protectingmargin zones, lowlands, river banks )Horticulture stimulates agro-food industries alsowith ecological approach


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Quarterstandard/Waste

disposal

High AverageTem-poraryhousing

PUperma-nent

PUtem-porary

Garbagetruck/bin

76,3 73,6 73,6 68,9 37,4

Thrown

away

22,7 24,7 25,1 25,4 53,9

Buried/burned

1,0 1,2 0,9 4,7 5,3

Recycled 0,0 0,5 0,4 1,0 3,4

Total 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0

Parrot L. et al. (2009) Waste Management29:986995

Wastes are sources

of incomes not onlyof nuisances, buthardly considered

(Example in Yaound)


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HORTICULTURE in the cityis not only food


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HORTICULTUREin the city is not only food

Family gardens, green belts and areas: asmany cultural places with rural roots

Keeping human life in the city, beautification of the city

Integrating vulnerable population instead of excluding

A strategy based on diversity: agro-systems (plant andanimal production), retailing (street markets as well as

supermarkets), consumption (home, restaurant, schoolcanteen)

Make value of urban wastes, limit agriculture nuisance

Integrate agriculture in each urban development plan


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Improving sustainable agricultural production in

urban and peri-urban areas can be accomplished byusing planning mechanisms that are not only

determined by market forces, to ensure:

- land use in important natural and agricultural areas

- support to other environmental and social functionssuch as mitigating and adapting to climate change,

reducing urban heat islands and preventing floods


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These challenges need allkinds of actors workingtogether, exchanging views,

experience and skills


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1. Integrating urban agriculture in national policies: Poverty

reduction strategy, Food Security strategy, Agriculturalpolicies, Environmental programmes

2. Linking municipal urban agriculture policies to physical

planning of cities and neighborhoods (urban developmentplans, slum upgrading programs, social housing

programs, water and sanitation programs, parks designand management)

3. More (co)financing of local urban agriculture initiatives bynational and international sources; Improved access of

urban producers to local sources of credit


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4. Enhancing the training offer on urban agriculture(University curricula, schools, municipal training programs,

extension programs)

5. Integrating urban agriculture in the agenda of national

research organizations (low space and safe technologies,health impact assessment and monitoring of nutrition and

economic benefits of UA policies and projects)

6. Strengthening urban farmer groups, city networks, micro-enterprise development and direct marketing by producers


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WORKSH OP ON URBAN AGRICULT URE

24-28 September 2007 - Bukavu (RDC)

Forwards to peace tracks: urban agriculture, gouvernance andsocial integration

Participants: urban growers,

policy and administrativeactors, staff members of NGOs

or research institutes from Bujumbura, Bukavu,Butembo, Goma, Kigali,

Kisangani, Kinshasa,Lubumbashi;and international fac ilitators

Conveners : Platform DIOBASS and City Council of Bukavu (RDC), ETC-

RUAF (Netherlands) and Institut de la Vie (Belgium)


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All Africa Horticulture CongressSide-event: FAO on Urban Horticulture/ City Supply

31 August 2009

Dr. Alison Hodder, Chair

Dr. Monicah Waiganjo, Rapporteur

The integration of UPA*in agriculture policy and strategy in Kigali

The organizational set up and achievements of UPA*in RDCThe impact of UPH**on the livelihood of smallholder farmers in Nairobi

Characterizing changes in urban landscape of Nairobi city, Kenya

Strategies for minimizing health risk of wastewater for poor farmers in theurban environment

Proposal for an international colloquium on UPH** in Dakar,Senegal, 6-9 December 2010

R. Nono-Womdim, Alison Hodder and Wilfried Baudoin (FAO)

* UPA: Urban and Periurban Agriculture ** Urban and Periurban Horticulture


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International organizations fornetworking, advocating, capacitybuilding and implementing action plans

GlobalHort Initiative www.globalhort.org

RUAF Foundation www.ruaf.org

FAO Food for the Cities www.fao.org/fcit

Urban Harvest www.uharvest.org

World Urban Forum V, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22 to 26 March 2010

http://www.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=584

Documents

Urban Natural Resources Management for Poverty Reduction