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URBAN MOBILITY AND INSTITUTIONAL ORGANISATION OF
MASS TRANSIT IN HANOI
MONDAY 19 NOVEMBER 2012
HANOI SEMINAR
JULIEN ALLAIRE
TECHNICAL DIRECTOR
CODATU
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Part 1: Strategy of Hanoi for urban mobility
retrospective 2000-2010:
Urban growth in Hanoi
Motorbike dominated
Development of public transport
perspective 2010-2020: Development of public transport
Part 2: Public transport and mobility governance
Different possibilities for Hanoi
International benchmarking
The division of tasks between operators and Transport Authority
Part 3: Perspectives and conclusions
PART 1: STRATEGY OF HANOI FOR URBAN MOBILITY
http://tin180.com/xahoi/phong-su-anh-clip/
Figure 20: Expansion of Hanoi urban zone in 1983 and 2003 (Source: HAIDEP, 2007; quoted in LEE et al., 2008)
HANOI: A CAPITAL CITY WITH A STRONG GROWTH
HANOI: A CAPITAL CITY WITH A STRONG GROWTH Economic growth in excess of
10% over the last 10 years.
Population growth (see opposite)
Territorial expansion (administrative extension)
Rapid growth of mobility
More motorbikes and cars
Therefore:
More energy consumption and pollution
More congestion
More emphasis on accidentology
VEHICLE OWNERSHIP IN VIETNAM
Share of motorbikes in vehicle fleet
(Source: LE Anh Tu, 2006)
Growth in number of vehicles
In Hanoi: Motorbikes: + 13%/year
Cars: + 21%/year
FROM 2-WHEELER TO 4-WHEELER
VEHICLES?
MOTORBIKE HEGEMONY IN HANOI
Over 600 motorbikes
per 1000 inhabitants in
Hanoi
Pattern of modal market in Hanoi since rebirth of bus mass transit in 2000 (TRAMOC)
Over 80 % of modal share
80% of households own a motorbike 40% of households own 2 or more
PLANNING FOR MOBILITY IN HANOI – WHAT?
Cities dominated by active modes
Cities
dominated by private
transport
Cities dominated by
public transport
From Replogle (1992)
100 % active modes
0 % private
transport
0 % public transport
100 % private transport
100 % public transport
0 % active modes
Mixed cities
Since the early 2000s a commitment to develop collective transportation Modal split: what is the target ?
TREMENDOUS EXPANSION OF BUS NETWORK
Very strong development of a quality public transport service, accessible for Hanoi dwellers.
TRAMOC
Planning goal to the year 2020 (Source: HAIDEP, 2007)
TRANSPORT PLANNING TO 2020
MASS TRANSIT TO 2020
TIME LINE FOR COMMISSIONING OF METRO LINES
L1
L2
L3
L5
L2a
MOT / Vietnam Railway
Administration
Metro Rail Transport
Project Board (HRB) / CPH
MOT / Vietnam Railway
Administration
Metro Rail Transport
Project Board (HRB) / CPH
MOT / Vietnam Railway
Administration
PART 2: PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND MOBILITY GOVERNANCE IN HANOI
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEME
L1 L2 L3 L5 L2a
O&M 1
Hanoi City
O&M 2 VNR
Group
D’après JICA
Need of coordination at the city level to have an
integrated network for users
Proposed organization in JICA
report
OPERATIONAL LEVEL Develop appropriate means to guarantee delivery How can the services be delivered efficiently ? Vehicle management, maintenance, personnel management, consumables, fleet renewal, etc.
TACTICAL LEVEL Characterising the solutions needed to meet the targets: What services need to be developed to achieve these targets? How? Fixing rates, line, mode, time tables, type of service
STRATEGIC LEVEL Formulation of the policy and targets What do we want to achieve? With what resources? (Territory to be served, level of compensation, level of accessibility, general features of the service
THE VARIOUS LEVELS OF RESPONSABILITY
D’après Mezghani (2012)
Elected representatives
Transport Organising Authority
Operator
LON
G
TER
M
MID
T
ERM
SH
OR
T T
ERM
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEME AND THE CREATION OF TRANSPORT AUTHORITY
L1 L2 L3 L5 L2a
O&M 1
MRB
O&M 2 VNR
Group
D’après JICA
Buses
Transerco
Tramoc
Hanoi People ‘s Committee
DOT ?
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEME AND THE CREATION OF TRANSPORT AUTHORITY
L1 L2 L3 L5 L2a
O&M 1
MRB
O&M 2 VNR
Group
Buses
Transerco
Tramoc
Hanoi People ‘s Committee
DOT ? +
CHARACTERISTICS MASS TRANSIT AUTHORITY
Territory involved
Legal form: specialised public authority, department of an existing authority, coalition of local governments, company formed by the governments.
Partners: share breakdown or composition of board of directors
Public involvment
Jurisdictions and responsibilities: public transport, mobility or urban development
Financial resources : Receipts from ticketing, subsidies, direct taxes, etc.
Human resources and expertise
Organisation chart: various components, level of management, interrelationship
From Naniopoulos et al. (2012)
EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT FORMS IN EUROPE
Madrid
Valencia
Stockholm
Region
Region
Amsterdam
Lisbon
The metropolitan
transport authority can take different
forms
+ local governments
Region Region
Several municipalities
Municipality
Barcelona
Lyon
Berlin
Frankfurt
Paris
Copenhagen
Helsinki
Milano
London
From Naniopoulos et al. (2012)
POTENTIAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEMBERS
Staff representatives: Athens
Representatives of municipalities and other local governments: Spain, France, Italy, Portugal, Copenhagen, etc.
Various possibilities…
From Naniopoulos et al. (2012)
Consumer association representatives: Madrid
Representatives of carriers: Madrid, Valencia
Union and chamber of commerce representatives: Madrid, Valencia)
Representatives of regions and local government: Spain, France, Italy, Holland
Government officials (with or without voting right): Barcelona, Madrid, Bologna, Athens
Urban development
Integration of transport and urban planning
Urban mobility policy Traffic and parking Urban logistics Modal integration
Overall public transit “market”
Organisation of “informal transit” Mobility services Taxis Public transport regulation Regulatory framework Identification of network and required services Monitoring public service obligation Contracted out services Technical standards Promotion and information Quality monitoring
FOCAL AREAS
21 From Mezghani (2012)
BREAKDOWN OF MISSIONS: EXAMPLE OF CITIES IN GERMANY
The people Urban transport organising
authority Stakeholders
Policy committee
Transport administration
Relations Democracy Hierarchy
Strategic level
Transport policy
Social policy
Standard for mobility
Standard for accessibility
Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
Tactical level Frequency
Type of vehicle
Fixing rates
Lines
Tactical level Personnel management
Vehicle management
Marketing
Information
From Didier Van De Velde
BREAKDOWN OF MISSIONS: EXAMPLE OF LONDON, CITIES IN FRANCE, ETC.
The people Urban transport organising
authority Transport operators
Stakeholders Policy
committee Transport
administration Private or public
companies
Relations Democracy Hierarchy Contract
Strategic level
Transport policy
Social policy
Standard for mobility
Standard for accessibility
Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
Tactical level Frequency
Type of vehicle
Fixing rates
Lines
Tactical level Personnel management
Vehicle management
Marketing
Information
Marketing
Information
From Didier Van De Velde
BREAKDOWN OF MISSIONS: INCENTIVE THROUGH INVOLVEMENT AT TACTICAL LEVEL
The people Urban transport organising
authority Transport operators
Stakeholders Policy
committee Transport
administration Private or public
companies
Relations Democracy Hierarchy Contract
Strategic level
Transport policy
Social policy
Standard for mobility
Standard for accessibility
Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
Discussion
Tactical level Frequency
Type of vehicle
Fixing rates
Lines
Tactical level Personnel management
Vehicle management
Marketing
Information
Min. standards
Min. standards
Min. standards
Min. standards
Min. standards
Min. standards
From Didier Van De Velde
PART 3: PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSIONS
26
O&M
Urban Planning Master Plan (HAUPA)
Development of Roads (Highway Eng. Agency)
Transerco
Management of urban transport
(TRAMOC)
O&M O&M
PT Master Plan
MRB
Urban traffic management (DOT)
Street management (Municipality)
Land Use
(DONRE)
BRT Metro lines
Passenger information, ticketing
Rail Master Plan
Public Transport Source: Consia Consulting team
CURRENT SPREAD OF JURISDICTIONS?
Taxis Xe-Om
Cars Motos
27
Stage 1
O&M
Urban Planning Master Plan (HAUPA)
Development of Roads (Highway Eng.Agency)
Bus Operation Transerco
Management of urban transport
(TRAMOC)
O&M Railway op.
O&M
PT Master Plan
Mgt Urban railways
MRB
Urban Traffic Management (DOT)
Street management (Municipality
Land Use
(DONRE)
BRT Metro lines
Passenger information, ticketing
Rail Master Plan
Source: Consia Consulting team
CHANGE OF JURISDICTIONS?
Taxis Xe-Om
Cars Motos
Coherence
23/11/2012 28
Stage 1
O&M
Urban Planning Master Plan (HAUPA)
Development of Roads (Highway Eng.Agency)
Bus Operation Transerco
Management of Urban transport
(Tramoc)
O&M O&M
PT Master Plan
Mgt of urban Railways
(MRB)
Urban Traffic Management (DOT)
Street management (Municipality
Land Use
(DONRE)
BRT Metro lines
Passenger information, ticketing
Rail Master Plan
PTA URA
IN THE FUTURE TWO AUTHORITIES?
Taxis Xe-Om
Cars Motos
Coherence
23/11/2012 29
Stage 1
O&M
Urban Planning Master Plan (HAUPA)
Development of Roads (Highway Eng.Agency)
Bus Operation Transerco
Management of Urban transport
(TRAMOC)
O&M O&M
PT Master Plan
Mgt of urban Railways
(MRB)
Urban Traffic Management (DOT)
Street management (Municipality
Land Use
(DONRE)
BRT Metro lines
Passenger information, ticketing
Rail Master Plan
PTA
IN THE FUTURE ONE AUTHORITY?
Taxis Xe-Om
Cars Motos
Coherence
CHALLENGE OF ONE AUHTORITY WITH JURISDICTION OVER ALL MODES
1: buses
3: bicycles
4: motor-bikes
2: taxis
6: pedestrians
5: cars
As many as two thirds of people use a motorbike to go less than 500 m (survey LAM Quang Cuong, 2004)
THE CHALLENGE OF COORDINATION OR INTEGRATION 3 types of integration and three different phases
Level of
integration
Design phase
(2010–2015)
Implementation
phase
(2010–2020)
Operational phase
(after 2020)
At the
institutional
level
(regulation)
Coordination between the
various project owners
(Task Force)
Public transport
organising authority
Urban transport
organising authority
At the
systems level
(equipment)
- Ticketing technology: pros and
cons of the different
technologies
- Pros and cons of system
centralisation/decentralisation? ... ...
At the
hands-on level
(work)
- Multimodal hub: safe,
comfortable transfers
- Parking, routing and other
services: land reserves? ... ...
Competition between modes Complementarity between modes
5 000 VDN
10 000 VDN
8 000 VDN
NETWORK: COMPLEMENTARITY OR COMPETITION ?
Réseau non intégré Intégration du réseau
MULTI MODAL STATION: COMPLEMENTARITY OR COMPETITION ?
CONCLUSIONS Objectives:
Put in place a quality transportation service so that Hanoians prefer mass transit over private transit
Simplification of the use of mass transit
Economic efficiency
The challenge:
Integration and/or coordination of policies and initiatives in urban transit
At what level: strategic, tactical or operational?
Start right now coordination of technical and organisational choices
Provide high-level coordination in the work phase
Integrate or coordinate at the metro operation level:
One company means less coordination effort on the part of the transport organising authority
Seamless multimodal transport hubs:
Physical integration for transferring from one mode to another
Provide for urban development around the stations (land reserves)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! MERCI DE VOTRE ATTENTION!
CẢM ƠN BẠN ĐÃ QUAN TÂM CỦA BẠN!
JULIEN ALLAIRE [email protected]