Urban Lab - Public Toilets -Review

7/25/2019 Urban Lab - Public Toilets -Review

1/25

GUIDELINES ON

COMMUNITY & PUBLICTOILETS

APRIL 2012

Government of Od!"# $o%!n #nd

Ur'#n Deve(o)ment De)#rtment

By : Icchita ,Nikita S.,Sneha &Shravani


2/25

NECESSITY O* GUIDELINES To help the Local Uran Bo!ie" move #or$ar! to$ar!" the policy o%ective" o# !i"ha

Uran Sanitation Strate'y ()** +USS To help them achieve the phy"ical tar'et" "et in it.

T"e G%de(ne! #re #med #t )rovdn comprehensive dre+ton! to t"em)(ementn #en+e!,

-!on - A "pecial #oc" on hy'ienic an! a/or!ale "anitation #or the ran poor an!$omen0.

1omen are mo"t a/ecte! y lack o# "anitation #acilitie". They are more vlnerale torinary tract in#ection" than men an! they nee! hy'ienic toilet" more than men !o.

T"e G%de(ne! #(!o #m #t !en!t!n t"e m)(ementn #en+e! to t"e!e!!%e!,

2rther,hil!ren, a'e! an! !i"ale! have "pecial nee!". The toilet comple4e" may #ail to !eliveropen !e#ecation #ree +52 "tat" to the citie" an! maintainin' them in hy'ienic

con!ition" may ecome a very challen'in' ta"k.

The 6i!eline" "eek to provi!e #or #l7llin' tho"e "pecial nee!".

T$o part". : The 7r"t part i" conte4tal, it pre"ent" "ocio-economic a" $ell a" technicalconte4t. It i" inten!e! to help the "er o# the 6i!eline" in makin' !eci"ion" in


3/25

INTRODUCTIONThi" initiative i" not aot con"trction o# toilet" t aot en!in' open !e#ecation.

A!!in' to the nmer o# toilet" $ill not have mch impact nle"" tho"e toilet" are "e!y the commnity.

So,the initiative a!opt" a participatory approach $here the toilets are demanded bythe communities with willingness to pay for their use an! the toilet" $ol! econ"trcte! a'ain"t "ch !eman!".

The e""ential element" o# thi" approach are:*. 5eman! 'eneration,(. 9mpo$erment o# the commnity

a. ommnity to o$n the a""et". ommnity to e re"pon"ile #or peration & Maintenance

c. ommnity to collect "er char'e"3. apacity il!in' o# the commnity

Slm commnitie" ha! not !eman!e! #or "anitation a" voci#ero"ly a" they ha! #orother "ervice" "ch a" $ater "pply.

Alternative to commnity toilet" on the other han! $a" #ree !e#ecation in open.

2or commnity toilet to e a "cce"" a key i""e i" to create an! "timlate !eman!.

Thi" can only e !one only thro'h commnication aime! at e/ectin' a chan'e incommnity ehavior.


4/25

1hile aimin' to chan'e the commnity" "anitation practice it i" $ell to rememer that!#nt#ton ! #n ndvd%#( !!%e,It ha" !i/erent implication" #or men an! $omen.2rom in!ivi!al" it "prea!" to commnity.

The commnication mo!el, m"t have mea"re" a" $ell a" ma"" commnicationelement".

It" me""a'e" $ill #all in t$o roa! cate'orie":a health ha;ar!" o# open !e#ecation an! it" economic impact empo$erment o# commnity < o$ner"hip an! mana'ement o# the toilet #acilitie".

The "trate'y have three thr"t":c moili"ation o# $omen $ho"e nee! o# privacy an! are 'enerally in overall char'e o#

#amily memer" health incl!in' "anitation o# chil!ren! moili"ation o# chil!ren +in "chool" $ho are more receptive to i!ea" an! $ho $iel!con"i!erale per"a"ive po$er in the #amily

e moili"ation o# opinion lea!er" o# the commnity.

The"e three proce""e" $ol! lea! to commnity moili"ation i.e. they $ol! createa$arene"", or'ani"e the commnity an! prepare it #or action.

=e"lt can e i" the #ormation o# committee" an! 'rop" < commonly calle! commnitya"e! or'ani"ation" +B".The memer" o# B" $ill act a" the #orce #or in"tallation o#commnity toilet lock" +TB an! their mana'ement.

The B" $ill e4pre"" the nee!" o# commnity toilet", i!enti#y the "ite" $here to erectthe toilet lock", "elect the appropriate technolo'y, $ork ot an! in"tittional


5/25

SANITATION. $EALT$ AND COMMUNITY TOILETS Sanitation, re#er" to "a#e !i"po"al o# hman e4creta. ?man e4creta i" a""ociate! $ith more than 7#ty !i"ea"e" an! it ca"e" nearly @) o#

"ickne"" in In!ia.

1ith proper !i"po"al o# hman e4creta y ine4pen"ive metho!", the"e !i"ea"e" can ero'ht n!er control an! the entire "anitation "itation o# the contry can eimprove!.

St!ie" have e"tali"he! that $ithot proper "anitation the #ll health ene7t" o#provi!in' "a#e $ater "pply are not achieve!.

ommnity toilet" can provi!e everyone, even the poore"t, $ith "anitation. An! theco"t" o# provi"ion #or everyone can e a/or!e!. Moreover, a community toilet isrecognition of the fact that the community exists.

PUBLIC TOILETS AND COMMUNITY TOILETS lic toilet" are meant #or people on the move8 ommnity toilet" are meant #or a commnity that re"i!e" in the vicinity o# the toilet

lock".

lic toilet" "erve the nee!" o# $hoever happen" to e pa""in' y, $hether a local ora "tran'er. It i" mana'e! y the city 'overnment. A commnity toilet i" con"trcte! #or a commnity. It i" mana'e! y the commnity.

Ceepin' a commnity toilet clean i" ea"ier than keepin' a plic toilet clean8 thekno$n 'rop o# "er" make" it relatively "impler to train the "er" an! monitor.

Ceepin' a plic toilet clean re>ire" a lot o# e/ort" an! a lot more per"everance.


6/25

IN-OL-ING COMMUNITY #ten the toilet lock" $ere ilt $ithot con"ltin' the commnitie" re'ar!in' the

location, !e"i'n, con"trction an! provi"ion #or maintenance. ommnitie", #or $hom the"e toilet lock" $ere ilt, !i! not #eel that they o$ne!0

the #acilitie". They ha! little attachment" to the"e "trctre" an! le"" motivation to keep them

maintaine!.

COMMUNICATION PROGRAMME An e/ective commnication !rive i" the only mean" to make the commnity

n!er"tan! ene7t" o# havin' a commnity toilet. The commnication pro'ramme $ill nee! to overcome the commnity" "ocio-cltral

tra!ition" an! elie#"8 a" no commnication can e e4pecte! to 'ive imme!iatere"lt" the commnication pro'ramme m"t e a lon' an! ""taine! proce"".

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONST$o key con"i!eration" - "i;e o# the toilet lock +i.e. nmer o# "eat"

- it" location.

1omen an! the a'e!, are nlikely to "e the #acility i# it i" provi!e! eyon! hal# akilometre !i"tance.

The commnity toilet" "hol! there#ore e locate! clo"e to !$ellin'" o# the "er",pre#eraly $ithin hal# a kilometre. The "ite "hol! e "electe! y the commnity. The in#ormation clearly "tate" the a!vanta'e" an! !i"a!vanta'e" o# locatin' the

toilet" at !i/erent "ite".


7/25

The "i;e o# the toilet lock +i.e. on nmer o# "eat" m"t meet the commnity"nee!". I# the toilet nit" #all "hort o# the commnity" re>irement", "er" $ill #acelon' >ee" an! e tempte! to !e#ecate in open.

OT$ER CONSIDERATIONS ventilation, "$in' o# the !oor, provi"ion #or $aitin' area an! provi"ion o# "torin' lar'e

volme" o# $ater, the toilet lock" m"t have $ater tank" o# "Ecient "i;e"

T"e f#+(te! !"o%(d norm#((/ n+(%de Separate toilet lock" #or men an! $omen $ith "eparate entrie" Seat" #or chil!ren in the "ection #or $omen 1aitin' D circlatin' area A place #or the care taker < #rom $here he D "he can over"ee oth entrie" < men" an!

$omen"

Separate athin' cicle" #or men an! $omen Separate place" #or $a"hin' clothe" in male an! #emale "ection" Urinal #acilitie" #or men 2acility to "tore lar'e volme" o# $ater 1a"te $ater !i"po"al "y"tem Livin' >arter" #or one operatin' "ta/ Store room #or keepin' the cleanin' material D e>ipment

lic toilet" are #or Foatin' poplation", "ally locate! near rail$ay "tation", ""tan!", market place", ho"pital", reli'io" centre" etc. The plic toilet" #ace 'reater!eman! #or rinal" than commnity toilet".

=oom #or keepin' the l''a'e o# "er" Ba"in" #or r"hin' teeth


8/25

The #ollo$in' norm" #or nmer o# "eat", rinal", athroom" an! area #or $a"hin'may e a!opte!:

The recommen!e! area" #or !i/erent #acilitie":

The toilet lock "hol! provi!e "Ecient area #or the "er" to move aot D $ait.Thi" area "hol! e kept ncovere! to let in air an! "n li'ht.


9/25

The #ollo$in' tale can e "e! to a""e"" $ater re>irement:

I# mnicipal $ater "pply i" availale the toilet lock" can have n!er'ron!"mp that can "tore hal# a !ay" nee!" an! overhea! tank" #or another hal# !ay"nee!".

I# mnicipal $ater "pply i" not availale, a toilet lock can have it" o$n ore $ellan! pmp an! no n!er'ron! "mp $ol! e nee!e!.*ITURES like han! $a"h a"in" +i# re>ire!, toilet pan", trap" an! #oot re"t" "hol!

e o# an approve! "tan!ar!.S>attin' pan" can e ma!e o# ceramic, 7re rein#orce! pla"tic +2=, poly propelyne,hi'h !en"ity polyethylene +?59, mo"aic or even =.?o$ever ceramic, 2= an! have "moother "r#ace an! nee! lo$er volme" o#$ater #or F"hin'.

Trap" "hol! e o# a () mm $ater "eal. +U"e o# G) mm $ater "eal trap" $ill re>ire

more $ater #or F"hin'.I# commnity toilet i" to e linke! to city "e$er" a ma"ter trap "hol! e provi!e!e#ore connection to the "e$er.

Urinal" may not e 7tte! $ith rinal pot" a" their replacement i" e4pen"ive. Ba"ic#eatre" o# a rinal "hol! have !ivi!er", ceramic tile! $all" p to *.G meter", ceramictile! Foor" an! a hori;ontal er#orate! i e rnnin alon the $all $ith $ater !ri in


10/25

TEC$NOLOGY OPTIONSSanitation "y"tem" are o# three type" : on-"ite - $a"te" are retaine! near the toilet in a pit, tank or valt o/-"ite - the toilet" are linke! to "e$era'e "y"tem o# the city ?yri! - "oli! $a"te" are retaine! an! li>i! $a"te" are remove! #or !i"po"al

el"e$here

CONSTRUCTION & MAINTENANCE O* COMMUNITY TOILETS 1ithot en'a'in' the commnity con"trctively commnity participation i" not

po""ile an! only thro'h commnity participation can $e en"re any low-cost, well-designed and user-friendly urban slum infrastructure16. Moreover commnityparticipation in con"trction al"o pave" the roa! #or commnity mana'ement o# the#acilitie".

Unle"" mana'e! y the commnity, ""tainin' a capital in#ra"trctre can ecomevery challen'in'. ommnity memer", i# they "e the #acility, have #ar 'reaterintere"t in timely maintenance operation" than any other "takehol!er".

ne mo!el $hich $a" later a!opte! in Mmai al"o $a" #ar more "cce""#l. Cey#eatre" o# thi" mo!el $ere: N6DT=USTD2UN5ATIN" an! commnitie" $ere not "een a" client"0 or

"pplicant"0, t partner". There $a" con"tant commnication et$een "enior 'overnment oEcial" an!

commnity lea!er". 1eekly meetin'" ro'ht all "takehol!er" to'ether to revie$pro're"" an! i!enti#y prolem".

ity athoritie" role chan'e! #rom ein' a toilet provi!er to "ettin' "tan!ar!",#n!in' the capital co"t o# con"trction, an! provi!in' $ater an! electricity.

The N6DT=USTD2UN5ATIN" an! commnity or'ani;ation" !e"i'ne!, ilt an!


11/25

USER C$ARGES

The mo"t eEcient allocation o# a "ociety" re"orce" take" place $hen con"mer"pay the #ll co"t o# the 'oo!" or "ervice" they con"me.

Thi" ha" 'iven ri"e to "er pay"0 approach. Bt "er pay" approach m"t e "een in con%nction $ith the principle o# Haility to

pay,H $hich implie" that tho"e $ho have the mean" "hol! "hare more o# the r!eno# plic "ervice".

*UNDING OPTIONS


12/25

*UNDING OPTIONS*. 2n!" availale thro'h "cheme" like1,nNURM. rovi!in' inve"tment "pport an! a""itance #or capacity il!in'.. 9nhancin' re"orce viaility, en"re ankaility o# pro%ect",enhanin' re"orce availaillity.

2,BSUP.Inte'rate! !evelopment o# "lm",.ro%ect" involvin' !evelopmentDimprovementDmaintenance o# a"ic "ervice" to the ranpoor..Slm improvement an! rehailitation pro%ect"..ro%ect" on $ater "pplyD"e$era'eD!raina'e, commnity toilet"Dath", etc.3,UIDSSMT.

Improve in#ra"trctral #acilitie".reate !rale plic a""et" an! >ality oriente! "ervice" in citie" & to$n"8.9nhance plic-private-partner"hip in in#ra"trctral !evelopment.romote planne! inte'rate! !evelopment o# to$n" an! citie"

3,I$SDP.rovi"ion o# commnity toilet"

.rovi"ion o# phy"ical amenitie" like $ater "pply, "torm $ater !rain", commnity ath,$i!enin' an! pavin' o# e4i"tin' lane", "e$er", commnity latrine", "treet li'ht", etc.

4,IELCS.on"trct lo$ co"t "anitation nit" thro'h "anitary t$o pit por F"h latrine" $ith"per"trctre" an! appropriate variation" to "it local con!ition"

*UNDING OPTIONS


13/25

*UNDING OPTIONS

(. 2n!" committe! thro'h e5tern#((/ #ded )ro6e+t!.

3. option" $ith private or corporate "ector

.o""iilitie" o# partner"hip" $ith N6DT=USTD2UN5ATIN", private "ector an! othe"anitation "ector participant".

ENGAGING NGO7TRUST7*OUNDATIONS


14/25

ENGAGING NGO7TRUST7*OUNDATIONS

N6DT=USTD2UN5ATIN" can e very e/ective at provi!in' link" et$een commnity an!"tate a'encie".

Stren'th come" #rom the e4perience o# the N6" an! their level" o# operation nee!" to e

con"i!ere!.

ULB" can en'a'e one N6DT=USTD2UN5ATIN #or the entire city D to$n or can en'a'e morethan one N6DT=USTD2UN5ATIN $ith clearly !emarcate! area" o# operation".

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES O* NGO7TRUST7*OUNDATION

The preparatory pha"e o# the pro'ramme $ill have #ollo$in' option":

1, 8%+9 !%rve/ of t"e +omm%nt/ #nd t"e !erv+e!

2, Con!%(t#ton #nd need #!!e!!ment

:, Identf/n #))ro)r#te te+"no(o/

3, Deve(o)ment of +o!ted o)ton!

4, Re#+"n +on!en!%! on )referred o)ton!


15/25

PUBLIC TOILETSon!ition i" elo$ acceptale "tan!ar!" !e toA'!en+e of )%'(+ to(et !tr#te/.A'!en+e of )%'(+ #;#rene!! n t"er %!e #nd m#nten#n+e.In#de


16/25

CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE O* CTB! >Comm%nt/ to(et '(o+9!?1,PLANNING

lannin' $ol! normally "tart $ith i!enti#yin' the commnity #or $hich a ommnity ToileBlock i" contemplate!

A "lm commnity i" normally i!enti7e! y a "lm nmer a""i'ne! to it y the ULB +an! the$ar! in $hich it #all".

A!opt a cl"ter approach. I# the cl"ter i" relatively lar'e more than one TB "hol! eplanne!.

A!!e!!n +omm%nt/ need 7 )referen+e! Under t"! 'ro#d "e#d ;o%(d f#((Involvin' commnityommnication ro'ramme5elieration" on "er char'eBil!in' opinion an! !eci!in' on pre#erre! "anitation "oltion

*rmn %) of f#+(te! to 'e +re#ted T"! ;(( 'e done on t"e '#!! of94pecte! nmer o# "er"5e"i'n con"i!eration"


17/25

CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE O* CTB!

2,SUR-EYSTEPS IN COUNDUCTING SUR-EY

A "rvey i" re>ire! to e con!cte! #or a""e""in' the poplation that $ol! e "in' the

TB.

I# a "rvey o# "lm ho"ehol!" ha" recently een n!ertaken #or implementation o# any othe"cheme, the ULB" may "e the !ata o# that "rvey a" a"e an! p!ate it.

I# reliale !ata on "lm poplation are not availale, a !m)(e form can e "e! to collect thea"ic !ata. I# thi" #orm i" "e!, care "hol! e taken to cover all re"i!ent" o# the "lm cl"ter.

The a""e""ment #or the proale "er" in plic toilet" "hol! "tart $ith !i"c""ion" $ith"tation D " "tan! D ho"pital D temple tr"t athoritie" or $ith local tra!er" a""ociation chamer o# commerce etc. !epen!in' on the "ite.

Thi" "hol! e #ollo$e! $ith a "ample "rvey o# appro4imately G o# potential "er".

The "ample "hol! con"i"t o# "er" at !i/erent time" o# the !ay to 'ive a etter i!ea o# theFo$ o# "er".


18/25


19/25


20/25

CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE O* CTB!:,IN*ORMATION TO BE COMPILED BE*ORE PREPARING PROECT REPORT

1,Det#(! of t"e !te #or locatin' the commnity toilet lock +"election to e !one incon"ltation $ith the local athority an! the commnity.

(. N%m'er of )eo)(e.likely to "e the commnity toilet.

3. Ste det#(!i I# the propo"e! "ite i" to e 7lle! p, p to $hat !epthK +!te to)or#)"/ m#) to 'e)re)#red. f ne+e!!#r/?,ii T/)e of !o( !tr#t# +"oil characteri"tic" p to 3 m elo$ the 'ron! leveliii 1hether the "ite !%'6e+ted to ;#ter (on or @oodniv Gro%nd ;#ter (eve(in !i/erent "ea"on" o# the year

. #ter !%))(/ det#(!+i I# $ater "pply at the commnity toilet lock can e otaine! #rom the mnicipal main,$hether it i" po""ile to meet the re>irement #lly an! $ater pre""re i" a!e>ate or

pmpin' $ill have to e carrie! otK+ii I# $ater "pply cannot e otaine! #rom the mnicipal "y"tem, $hat #(tern#tve#rr#nement! +#n 'e m#de

4, "et"er e(e+tr+t/ ! #v#(#'(e for ("tn t"e to(et '(o+9K


21/25

CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE O* CTB!IN*ORMATION TO BE COMPILED BE*ORE PREPARING PROECT REPORTCONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE O* CTB!IN*ORMATION TO BE COMPILED BE*ORE PREPARING PROECT REPORT

, Conne+ton ;t" !e;er!+i I# "e$er e4i"t", i" it fe#!'(e to +onne+t t"e commnity toilet to itK+ii I# the toilet lock cannot e connecte! to the "e$er, $hat #rr#nement! +#n 'e m#defor d!)o!#( of t"e !e;#e #nd t"e ;#!te;#ter+iii 1hether !%+ent (#nd #re# ! #v#(#'(e. either at the propo"e! "ite o# the toilet lockor neary, #or locatin' a $a"te$ater !i"po"al "y"temK

J. 1hether the local athority it"el# $ol! like to operate an! maintain the toilet lock or $ol!it like to han! the #acility over to a non-'overnment or'ani;ation +N6DT=USTD2UN5ATIN ocommnity or any other a'encyK

+St!y ho$ the e4i"tin' commnity toilet" are ein' operate! an! maintaine!.@. I# the State 'overnment ha" i""e! any !irection" to the local athoritie" re+onn t"eNGO7TRUST7*OUNDATION! or #en+e! for +on!tr%+ton #nd o)er#ton #ndm#nten#n+e of +omm%nt/ to(et!. (!t t"e or#n!#ton!7#en+e!. ollect the copieo# 'overnment !irection".

F, C#)#'(t/ of NGO!+i I# the N6DT=USTD2UN5ATIN" or other a'encie" are availale #or con"trction an!

operation an! maintenance o# the commnity toilet lock. collect in#ormation aot theicre!ential" incl!in' e4perience an! the in#ra"trctre availale $ith them.

+ii St!y the capaility o# local commnity an! !evi"e mean" o# capacity il!in'.

CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE O* CTB


22/25

CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE O* CTB!3,SUGGEST CONTENTS O* T$E PROECT REPORT

1,B#+9ro%nd

2, *e(d D#t# & St%#ton An#(/!!

:, De!n & Con!tr%+ton det#(! >n+(%dn De!n!. Dr#;n! & B(( of 8%#ntte!?,3, Tme S+"ed%(e for Con!tr%+ton

4, Or#n#ton#( Arr#nement! for Con!tr%+ton #nd O)er#ton & M#nten#n+e,

, O)er#ton & M#nten#n+e S+"ed%(e

, *n#n+e!

H, S%e!ton! for & C"#ne! n M%n+)#( B/e=(#;! to Im)rove S%!t#n#'(t/

CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE O* CTB!


23/25

4,C$ECPOINTS

* 8%#(t/ of #ter !%))(/. !#nt#r/ #nd e(e+tr+t/ J5t%re! an! othematerial" "e!.

( Pre!+r'ed !)e+J+#ton! #nd dr#;n! "#ve 'een #d"ered to, The $orki" neat an! $orkman"hip i" 'oo!.3 antitie" o# vario" material" "e! are #! )er t"e !)e+Jed re


24/25

C$ECPOINTS

Spin!le" #or han'in' the !oor" have een J5ed Jrm(/ an! the !oor" have een provi!e!$ith oltin' arran'ement, in"i!e an! ot"i!e.

*) Te $ell ha" een 'ored %) to t"e=re


25/25

*ORMAT CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE O* CTB!C$ECPOINTS

*J 2or commi""ionin', the "eptic tank ha" een 7lle! $ith $ater p to otlet level an!"ee!e! $ith a "mall >antity o# "l!'e #rom "ome other "eptic tank in operation or!i'e"te! co$ !n'.

*@ I# the commnity toilet lock ha" een provi!e! $ith "eptic tank", on(/ t"e to(et!#nd %rn#(! #re +onne+ted to t"e t#n9, ther $a"te$ater i" !i"po"e! o# "eparately.

* roper r#dent "#! 'een )rovded n !e;er! an! the !rain". In"i!e "r#ace o# the!rain" ha" een ma!e "mooth.

() Manhole" an! !rain" #or carryin' "e$a'e #re ;e(( +overed to )revent em!!on offo%( odo%r,(* A!e>ate e(e+tr+ ("t )ont! have een provi!e! n!de #nd o%t!de t"e+omm%nt/ to(et,

(( All !%r)(%! m#ter#(! "#ve 'een removed an! the "ite ma!e cleare! an! !re""e!.

Documents

Urban Lab - Public Toilets -Review