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Urban Climate MapsUrban Climate Mapsaspects of thermal stress and air pollution
(climate change)
Prof. Dr. Lutz KatzschnerProf. Dr. Lutz KatzschnerUniversity Kassel /Germany
March 2011
UCMUCMMesoscaleIn 3 DIn 3 D 2 m
9
1
March 2011
March 2011
Types of urban heat islands following energy
4
Types of urban heat islands, following energy balance and heat fluxes
Near surface UHI (2 m)- Near surface UHI (2 m) (urban climatic map; ∆ PET)( p; )
- Surface UHI (0 m), surface temperaturesSurface UHI (0 m), surface temperatures- Subsurface UHI (< 0 m), soil data
March 2011
I Urban Climate MapI Urban Climate MapUrban analysis map with different climatopes wich are defined as aclimatopes , wich are defined as a classification system following climatic characteristics of entilation and rbancharacteristics of ventilation and urban heat island
II Urban Climate Recommendation MapUrban climate evaluations map for planning reasons and planning hintsp g
March 2011
Macroscale = global circulation pattern
Mesoscale = urban climate, regional circulationMesoscale urban climate, regional circulation
Microscale = local conditions
March 2011
March 2011
Draft Urban Climatic Map HCMC
March 2011
► perspective: to reduce the income energy in citiesusing adaptative matierialsusing adaptative city structures
Urban strategies and urban design guidelines to reduce health risks in cities are needed
March 2011
G f f lGreen roofs, roof colour
March 2011
Objectives
Immediat
time Scale spatial Scale
• Cool material-building &
Strategies Planning actions
Material & Surface Level
city EffectImmediateAlbedo
gpavement;
• Cool roof & facade; • Water retention paving;
Level Intervention
Vegetation • Planting & greeneries;• Parks & open spaces;
UHIThermalComfort
Building LevelShading
• Building geometric design;• Shelter design;• Street orientation;
Comfort
+ Level Intervention
g• H/W ratio;• Trees;
Ai th
WindDynamic
Urban &Ventilation
• Air paths;• Building ground cover
& building bulks;H/W ratio;
DynamicPotential
Urban & Planning Level Intervention
Local Effect(neighbourhood
scale)Long
term
Ventilation • H/W ratio;• Street orientation;• Open spaces;• Building disposition;
March 2011
Intervention scale)termg p ;
Gleiche Randbedingungen,Links: Innenhof mit Gras + BäumeRechts: Versiegelt
March 2011
Urban climate maps is at l i diff t ltool in different scales
↓Planning recommendationsPlanning recommendations
↓Improvements of thermalp
conditions
March 2011
Thermal and dynamic analysis
March 2011
Urban climate functions and geenery planning concepts
March 2011
HCMCBuilding density layer as one indicator for the urban heat island
March 2011
March 2011
urban climatic analysis mapurban climatic analysis map(climatopes)
March 2011
urban climatic analysis map ventilation conditionurban climatic analysis map(climatopes)
ventilation condition(wind aspect)
March 2011
Use of thermal calculations
microclimate conditions in 2009building simulations
facade
fwan
d kW
hEn
ergi
eauf
w
Heizwärmebedarf Kühlkältebedarf
inside outside
March 2011AusveK
calculated microlimate for 2030building simulations
facade
ufw
and
kWh
Ener
giea
u
Heizwärmebedarf Kühlkältebedarf
inside outside
March 2011AusveK
U b Cli t M H KUrban Climate Map Hong Kong
March 2011
Layer structure of UC-AnMap
March 2011
Legend für recommendations
Classification name Description /PET C Evaluation
i h d i h t1 fresh air productions or
air pathminor roughness and minor heatcapacity mainly agriculturalareas; PET 22
very important for climateHigh protection
fresh air production on important for circulation to keep and2 fresh air production on slopes
Forests and trees; PET 24 important for circulation to keep andmaintain
3 mixed climates withl l i l ti tt
parks, gardens ; PET 26 important linkage areas, forsee theorientation and denisty3 local circulation pattern
p , g ; orientation and denisty
4 heat island potentials Urban areas with roughness but vegetation links; PET 28
thermal importance ; vegetationimprovement
5 heat islanddense built up areas withconsiderable roughness andheat load; PET 30
thermal and air pollution prpblems; mitigation through ventilation andvegetation; heat stress increasing
h th l l d h ld b6 heat island max Extremly dense areas nor
vegetation (city centre); PET 32
heavy thermal load should bemitigated, heat stress problems,extremely increasing
March 2011
March 2011
March 2011
Thank you