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Year National Population Urban Population

Number(million)

Growth rate

(% annual)

Number

(million)Share (% of

total

Growth

rate (%

- -

popu at on annua

1941

1951

1961

1974

41.99

44.17

55.22

76.37

1.66

0.51

2.26

2.53

1.54

1.83

2.64

6.00

3.67

4.14

4.78

7.86

3.71

1.74

3.74

6.52

1991

2005(p)

2015(p)

.

111.45

155.80

184.60

.

2.17

2.08

1.71

.

22.45

46.40

64.90

.

20.15

29.78

36.78

.

5.17

4.67

3.88

, ,

Source:http://www.mongabay.com/igapo/Bangladesh.htm

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Alivelihoodisgenerallydefinedascomprisingthecapabilities,assets,nc u ng ot mater a an soc a resources,an act v t esrequ re ora

meansofliving.Alivelihoodissustainablewhenitcancopewithandrecoverfromstressesandshocksandmaintainorenhanceitscapabilitiesandassetsbothnowandinthefuture.

Inlivelihoodframeworkpovertyisthuscharacterizednotonlybyalackof

assetsandinabilitytoaccumulateaportfolioofthem,butalsobythelackofc o cew respec oa erna vecop ngs ra eg es.

Thepoorestandmostvulnerablehouseholdsareforcedtoadoptstrategies,whichenablethemtosurvivebutnottoimprovetheirwelfare.Inurbanareashouseholdsseekto mobilizeresourcesando ortunitiesandtocombine

theseintoalivelihoodstrategywhichisamixoflabour marketinvolvement;savings;borrowingandinvestment;productiveandreproductiveactivities;

income,labour andassetpooling;andsocialnetworking

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Theurbanpooraremostlyemployedinselfmanagedlowpaidjobsintheinformal

ur ansectors e

rickshawpulling(29.4%),

streetvendingandselling(22.8%),

constructionwork(6.4%),

drivingandtransportwork(4.6%),

factorywork(5.2%)and

personalservicing(7.6%).

. .

About35%oftheurbanpoorfrequentlyfaceunderemploymentduetolackof

employment opportunities,physicalillness,stayingintheirancestralvillages.

Significantportionsoftheurbanpoor (32%)areharassedphysically,mentallyand

sexuallyattheirworkplaces.

Theratesofincome,wageandproductivityareverylowamongtheurbanpoor.The

.

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Only15.6%households,withextendedfamilies,liveinhousingwithmore anoneroom. ema or yo ouse o s aveno

cooking

facilities

and

they

cook

in

their

living

room

or

open

spaces.

Another46%haveaccesstoacommonchula wheretentofifteenhouseholdsshareonekitchenwithfourtosixchulas.Aboutsixt percentofhouseholdsusefirewoodandstrawforcooking,whicharemostlycollectedbythem.

Accesstoelectricityisinadequateandirregular. Mostofthepoorhavenoindividualaccesstothecity'swatersupplyandtheycollectwaterfordrinkingfromacommonmunicipaltaporfromhand

.seweragesystemsandsharepitlatrines,whicharetemporaryandmadebythem.Only17.8%haveaccesstomunicipalwastedisposalfacilitiesandtherestofthemdisposeingenerallymarshylanda acen o e rse emen s.

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Table-2: Urban Po ulation in Ban ladesh below Povert Line DCI Method

Poverty line-1 Absolute Poverty(2122 k. cal per day per person)

Poverty line-2 Hard core Poverty(1805 k. cal per day per person)

SurveyYear

National Urban National Urban

Number % of Number % of Number % of Numbe % of(million) Pop. (million) Pop. (million) Pop. r

(million)

Pop

1988-891991-92 49.751.6 47.847.5 6.36.8 47.646.7 29.530.4 28.428.0 3.53.8 26.426.3

1995-96

2000

55.3

55.8

47.5

44.3

9.6

13.2

49.7

52.5

29.1

24.9

25.1

20.0

5.2

6.0

27.3

25.0

Source: BBS, 1998; 2002

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Dhaka'surban oorhavever limitedaccessto

the

existing

health

care

facilities.

Only

33.4%

use

servicesfromcityhealthcentres,mostofwhich

(NGOs).Themajority(58.2%)gettheirmedicine

from

pharmacies

without

the

consultation

of

ra ne p ys c ans. nmos o e ouse o s(48.6%)traditionalformsofmedicine(folkmedicine)areusedalon withmodernformsof

medicine.About29%ofthepoortakemedicaladviceregardingmaternalhealthfromtheheath