Uranium Stream Sedimen Procedure

8/10/2019 Uranium Stream Sedimen Procedure

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PROCEDURES M NU L FOR STRE M SEDIME NT

RECONN ISS NC E S MPLING

URANIUM RESOURCE EVALUATION PROJECT

May

8 1978

O A K R ID G E G A S E O U S D I F F U S IO N

P L N

O A K R ID G E T E N N E S S E E

prepared for the U S DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under

U S GOVERNMENT Contract W 7405eng26


2/53

Reference to a company or product name doer not imply

approval r r~ommenda tio n f the product by Union Carbide

Corporation or the U. S. Department of Energy to the exclusion

o others that may meet specifications.

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the

United State. Government. Neither the United States Government or any agency

thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors.

or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, nor assumes any legal

liabil ity or responsibi lity for any th ird party s use or the results of such use of any

information, apparatus, product or process disclosed in this report, nor represents

that its

us

by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights.

,


3/53

Grand Junction Office

FOR

IMMEDIATE RELEASE

P . O . Box 2567, Grand Junction,

CO

81501 July

5

1978

DOE ISSUES PROCEOURES MANUA L FOR GEOCHEMICAL SAMPLING OF URANIUM

The Grand Ju nc tion , Colorado, Office, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),

has issued a re po rt e n t i t l e d Procedures Manual fo r Stream Sediment

-Reconnaissance Sampling, as pa r t of t he National Urani um Resource

Eva1 uation (NURE).

The repor t , prepared by the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant (ORGDP),

Oak Ridge, Tennessee, p resent s sampling procedures used in reconna issance

surveys, including s i t e selection cr it er ia , sample collection and f i el d

measurement procederec, data recording gui del ine s, assignment of su rf ac e

geologic uni t codes, evalua tion of contaminants, and guidelines f o r

data control.

NURE

i s a program of D O E S Grand Junction Office t o acqu ire and compile

geologic and ct'ner 7nformation

w i t h

which to assess the magnitude and

di st ri bu ti on of uracium resources -and to determine areas favorable f o r

the'dcciirrenceof urani

um i n

t h e Unfted States:

O R G D P ,

.operated. fo r

D O E S Oak Ridge Operat ions Off ic e by the Nuclear Division of Union

CarDi.de Corporation,

s.

res ponsi bl-e forcompl et in g. a .water,:.and st re am -

sediment survey o f the cent ra l U.S.

The 56-page report, GJBX-84(78) [ORGDP NO. K/uR-131 dated May 8, 1978,

has been placed on open f i l e

a t

the following locations:

NO

78-65

News Media Contact:

Peter ' ~ y ~ a t t ,031242-8621, Ext . 293

To orde r microfiche: Contact Lib rary,

E x t .

278


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GRA ND JUNCTION. CO: T em ni ul library. Grand Junction Oflice.

oqlanmn, Of mPrW

ALBUOUEROUE. NM: Gwemrnenf Pubiicsiionn Semion. Zimmaman

Lhrary Univsrery of New Mexico

ANCHORAGE. AX: Diwiuon ol Geological b GooMy$ul Survey%.

Z

E.

4th

Avenue

ATLANTA.

GA:

Oepanment

of

Ensrgy. Suite

428.

1355 Psachlr S t m

AUSTIN. TX:

Bureau

01 Economic Gedogy. Geology Building. Unive rri v of

Texas

BUITE . MT: Monl- Bureau

of

Mi na and

blw

Montana Cdlege of

MinerslSciClce and Technology

CAMBRIDGE. M A: Ma rr as hu rn lnllitvte of Tnhnology, Lindgran

Library 14E.210

CASPER.

WY:

~a tr on a ovnw public tibnry

COLLEGE. AK: DNirion of Geological and Geophypkal Surveys,

-

COLUMBIA. SC: Wivbbn of Geology. South Camlina State Deuelopmsni

Board

CORPUS CHRISTI.

TX:

Corpus Chrirl i State UniuePhy.

6 m

Ocsan D 6 s

DENVER. CO: Colorado Gedogiul Suivsy. Dspanrnmt of Natural

~ a o u r c a , tate Cin:annial ~ l dg 313 Sherman st. . ~ m .15

GOLDEN.

CO:

U.S. GeoIogica Survay Libr aw 1573 Cole Blud.. l W a t Col-

fax

and Hawhomel

HARTFORD. CN. Sral~ eolwlkt t Dir. of National R s o u r m Comer.

State Onics Building. Rm 561. 155 Capitol Ave.

LARAMIE.

WY:

Ww mi ng Gaoiogieai Survsy. P.O. Box

3008

Univerriw

station

LAWRENCE. KS: K an sr Geological Survey. 1930 Amn ue " A . Campus

War

h e univeniw of K ~ S .

LINCOLN. NE: Conrewafie,

and

Surrey Diuirion. University riNsbrarka

LUBBOCK. TX: Dmumsntr Library. T wa r T s h Universiw

MADISON. W1: Geaiwkai b Naur.4 Hblory Survey. University of Wircon-

sin-Exmiion. 1815 Univerrm ~u s nu e

MENLO PARK. CA. U.S. Geolwica l Survey. Library. 245 Middlefield Road

NOR MAN. OW. Oklahana Geologral Survw,

The

Uniuemiry

1

Oklahoma.

U

Van Y1-t Oval. Rm. 163

OAKLAND. CA: D ewm nmt of Enngy Libraw. Wells

Faigo

Bldg.. 1311

Broadway

PHOENIX. AZ: Stat- o Arizona. Depl. of Mineral Resaurcm. Mi n e d

Bldg., Fai


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Date of Issue:

May 8 1978

Report Number:

K/UR 13

PROCEDURES MANUAL FOR STREAM SEDIMENT

RECONNAISSANCE SAMPLING

Uranium Resource Evaluation Project

Union Carbide Corporation Nuclear Division

Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant

Oak Ridge Tennessee

Prepared for the

U

S. Department of Energy

Under U S. Government Contract

W-7405

eng

26


6/53

John

W.

Arendt Project Manager

Uranium Resource Evaluation Project

Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant

P.

0 Box

P Mail Stop 246

Oak Ridge Tennessee 37830

Telephone:

615)

483-8611

Ext

3-9463

Todd R. Butz Geology and Geochemistry

Steven

C

Minkin Field Geology Operations

Gordon W. Cagle -Analytical Chemistry and Reports

Victor

E.

Kane Geostatistics and Data Management

Chester E Nichols Staff Geologist


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5

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

7

ational Uranium Resource Evaluation Project

7

ranium Resource Evaluation Project 8

rogram Concept

8

ield Geology Program

Planning and Organization

11

r e s e n t p l a n s 1 4

FIELD OPERATIONS

og is t i cs

ublicity Program

aining Access

Lia i son wi th the

UR

Project Contract Supervisor

S i t e Se le ct io n and Sampling Procedures

ampling Dens ity

i t e S e l e c t io n

ample Collection

ata Recording

Shipping Procedures

amples

ield Forms

Maps

Receiving Packages from the UR Project Off ice

PPENDIX

A

SITE SELECTION A 1

PPENDIX B SAMPLE COLLECTION AND FIELD MEEISURWT ~.1

a mp li ng Ro ut in e ~ . 3

u ide l ines fo r Sampling ~ . 3

ene ra l G ui de li ne s ~ . 3

SampleCol lect ion . 4

Recommended F ie ld Pack Contents . 5

i e ld Tes t

B 5

APPENDIX DATA

RECORDING

C 1

The Oak Ridge Geochemical Sampling Form 3

eneral Guide lines C 3

ard 1. General S i t e Data C 6

ard

2

Stream or Lake Sediment

.c 1 3

ard

4

Remarks

C 14

ig it iz e rM aps c.15

ompositeMaps

c.16

APPENDIX

D

ASSIGNMENT OF SURFACE

GEOLOGIC

U N I T

CODES

1

urpose D 3

rocedure D 3


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PPENDIX

E.

EV LU TION OF CONT MIN TION

E 1

PPENDIX

F GENER L

GUIDELINES FOR D T CONTROL

F 1


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PROCEDURES MANUAL FOR STFXAM SEDIMENT

RECONNAISSANCE SAMPLING

INTRODUCTION

NATIONAL URANIUM RESOURCE EVALUATION PROGRAM

The National Uranium Resource Evaluation NURE) Program was established

in 1973 by the U. S Atomic Energy Commission AEC) which later became

the U. S. Energy Research and Development Administration EKDA) and is

now funded by the United States Department of Energy DOE). The prin-

cipal objectives of the NURE Program are as follows:

1.

To complete a comprehensive assessment of the uranium reserves

of the United States as rapidly as possible,

2. To identify areas favorable for uranium resources, and

3.

To develop new and improved technologies.

The DOE Grand Junction, Colorado Office GJO) is responsible for adminis-

tering and coordinating efforts to meet these objectives.

Input to the

NUR

Program comes from DOE prime contractors, DOE-sponsored research

and development, the uranium industry, U. S. Geological Survey, U. S.

Bureau of Mines, and other governmental agencies and independent sources.

The NURE Program consists of five parts:

1. Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance Survey,

2 Aerial Radiometric and Magnetic Survey,

3. Surface Geologic Investigations,

4. Drilling for Geologic Information, and

5 Geophysical Technology Development.

To ensure a standard reporting format, data from all five phases of the

NURE

Program will be combined within the lo x

2

National Topographic

Map Service NTMS) quadrangle boundaries and will form the basis on

which uranium reserve calculations will be made.

In 1975, ERDA assigned the Nuclear Division of Union Carbide Corporation

UCC-ND) Uranium Resource Evaluation URE)Project located at the Oak

Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant ORGDP), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, the respon-

sibility for hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance in an

area covering the states of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South

Dakota, North Dakota, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Indiana,

Illinois, and parts of Missouri, Arkansas, and New Mexico. The objec-

tive of this portion of the program is to accomplish a systematic


10/53

determination of the distribution of uranium and associated elements in

surface and underground waters and in stream sediments.

The significance

of the distribution of uranium in natural waters and stream sediments

will be assessed as an indicator of areas favorable for the identifi-

cation of uranium provinces and districts.

Because the UCC-ND

URE

Project is a portion of the NlTRE Program and is

being conducted with public funds, contractors participating in the

URE

Project have an obligation to hold all information as

usiness

Confi

dentiaZ. All samples, duplicates, data, field form observations, site

locations, equipment, and other information obtained during the course

of operation under a contract to participate in the UCC-ND URE Project

are to be provided only to the UCC-ND

URE

Project.

Nothing is to be

retained for private use nor is any information to be communicated to

others without prior written consent

of the

URE

Project Manager and DOE.

The DOE-GJO will time-release data, and reports on each lo

x

Z0 quad-

rangle simultaneously in a number of predesignated sites across the

country as

soon as these reports

are made available by the URE Project.

At that time, any information presented in the report is available for

public use.

Landowners, who require that the Project provide results of analyses of

samples collected on their property before giving permission to sample,

are provided the information after the data have been open filed.

The

landowners names and addresses are recorded on the field form at the

time the samples are collected and then stored in the

URE

data base.

After the data have been open filed by DOE, a computerized system prints

a letter containing the analytical results and an address label for

mailing.

URANIUM

RESOURCE EVALUATION PROJECT

Program Concept

Geochemical sampling is considered to be a valuable technique by the

exploration industry.

The program, which is used for the entire area

to be surveyed by the UCC-ND

UR

Project, is based on the concept that

geochemical techniques can identify promising uranium-bearing areas at

virtually any scale. Concentrations of uranium increase as a mineralized

area is approached. Figure shows an increase in the log uranium

concentration versus aerial extent. As will be noted, the largest area

is background where uranium concentrations are relatively low. The

province may be of the order of 260 km2 100mi2 to 2600 km2 1000mi2

and the uranium concentration an order of magnitude greater in the

province. Similarly, for a district, the area is 26

km

(10 mi2) to

260 km

100

mi2) with a corresponding increase of uranium content.

At

the deposit scale, uranium content increases to ore grade.

The objective

of the URE Project is to define the aerial extent of uranium provinces

and districts using geochemical exploration techniques.


11/53

LOG

UR NIUN

BACKGROUND

LO6 Km

igure

CONCEPT OF GEOCHEMIC L TWESBOLDS


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The UR Project of UCC-ND consists of pilot surveys followed by geochemi-

cal reconnaissance with samples

of stream sediment, stream water, and

well water collected, depending on the results of pilot surveys.

Samples are analyzed for uranium and other trace elements which more

completely describe geochemical patterns.

This allows collection of

fewer samples than if analyses were for uranium only.

Pilot surveys are intended to provide information on the following:

1 Trace elements indicative of uranium mineralization,

2.

Relationship between sample types and relative importance of

each,

3. Range of geochemical concentrations from mineralized to

background areas,

4.

Adequacy of laboratory sensitivity,

5. Types of treatments to be given samples,

6. Area to which pilot survey applies, and

7 Adequacy of sample spacing.

In the reconnaissance program, samples are collected from wells at a

grid spacing of 5.1 km 3.2 mi) giving an average density of one well

per 26 l a 10 mi2). Stream sediment or stream water samples are

collected from basins that range from 5.2 to 52 km2 with supplemental

coverage in areas where basins of the specified size range are not

available. The result is an average sampling density for drainage

basins of one sample per 26

Ian

10

i2). Samples of well water and

those collected from drainage basins provide geochemical data on both

surface and subsurface conditions that serve as a basis for defining

areas of uranium favorability.

Field Geology Program

The objectives of the field geology program are to:

1

Obtain necessary coverage of a geographic area,

2. Obtain the most representative samples possible,

3. Accurately evaluate and describe the environment from which

the samples were taken, and

4. Complete coverage on schedule.

The sample types collected depend on the results of pilot surveys and

may include:

1

Stream water,

2. Stream sediment composite, and

3.

Well water.


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Stream sediments are collected as composite samples generally parallel

to the axis of the stream over a 15- to 50-m interval. The samples are

placed in paper envelopes and sent to the URE Project Laboratory for

disaggregation, sieving to ~149 100 mesh), dissolution, and analysis.

Water samples are collected directly in 250-ml polyethylene bottles with

no field treatment. Stream water samples are ~ollected t the point of

maximum flow. Groundwater samples are collected from wells at the point

nearest the well head. Measurements for water which are routinely made

in the field include: temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen,

and alkalinity. Water samples are shipped to Oak Ridge for filtration

and analysis.

Some botanical samples tree branches) have been collected in pilot

surveys to determine their potential usefulness but are not currently

being collected in reconnaissance surveying.

Planning and Organization

Detailed project planning is an essential element being employed to

carry out an innovative and cost-effective hydrogeochemical and stream

sediment survey. The UR Project office is located at ORGDP. The

expertise and capabilities of the Y-12 Plant and the Oak Ridge National

Laboratory ORNL) are also available to provide essential services to

the project. In addition, the facilities and expertise of the Paducah

Gaseous Diffusion Plant

PGDP)

re also available for use in the project,

if required. Functional support services provided within the Nuclear

Division are shown in Figure

2,

and

URE

support organizations in Figure

3.

Many of the time-proven production procedures being used by UCC-ND were

directly applicable to the URE Project. An example of this activity is

the Y-12 Plant production control system which was used in the design of

the URE sample storage and retrieval system. Samples collected during

the program are optimally scheduled, controlled, and placed in retrievable

storage for additional tests, if required.

Project plans include the maximum use of automated equipment to minimize

costs and potential errors. Automated equipment is included in the

analytical laboratories and data management activity. Automatic digi-

tizers are also used to determine accurate latitudes and longitudes of

sample sites on field maps.

Sampling is scheduled on a year-to-year basis and some considerations

include: 1) ranium favorability, 2) funds available, 3) coordination

with other DOE/- Program activities, and 4)weather.

Basin sampling

is scheduled during time of low runoff, but not during normal periods of

freezing.


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QU LITY CONTROL

CONTROLS ND ST ND RDS

N LYTIC L ME SUREMENTS

N LYT IC L SERVICES

D T M N GEMENT

S MPLING METHODOLOGY

D T PROCESSING NSTRUMENT TION ND PROCEDURE

INFORM TION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

ST TISTIC L SERVICES

URE PROJECT

GEOLOGY ND GEOCHEMISTRY

N LYTIC L CHEMISTRY

M N GEMENT ND PL NNING

LIMINISTR TIVE SERVICES

EG L SSIST NCE

UBLIC REL TIONS

i gu r e

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF

TH

UF 'UUM RFSOURCE EVALUATION PROJECT


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QU LITY CONTROL

LABORATORY DlVlSlON

TECHNICAL OlVlSlON

OPERATIONS ANALYSIS AN PLANNING

DEVELOPMENT DIVISION

PRODUCT CERTIFICATION DlVlSlON

URE

PROJECT OFFICE

COMPUTER SCIENCES DlVlSlON

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DlVlSlON

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES OlVlSlON

LABORATORY DIVISION ENERGY DIVISION

CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY DlVlSlON

INFORMATION DlVlSlON

D T H NDLING

UR NIUM RESOURCE ET LU TION PROJECT

SUPPORT ORG NIZ TIONS


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Present Plans

The

UR

Project s area of responsibility is equivalent to approximately

2,600,000

km

(1,000,000m i 2 and is contained on 154 maps of the

lo

x

2O national topographic map series. Initial reconnaissance will be

conducted only in geologically favorable areas assigned the highest

priority by DOE The remainder of the area will be sampled after

completion of the favorable quadrangles.

Reports for individual lo x 2O

quadrangles will be open filed as soon as possible after sampling,

analysis, and data verification have been accomplished.


17/53

1 5

FIELD OPERATIONS

LOGISTICS

Pu bl ic it y Program

Pamphlets explaining the NUR Program and the responsibil i ty of the

UR

Pr oj ec t may be provided t o personnel co ll ec ti ng samples fo r t he purpose

of inc rea sin g pub lic awareness and coopera tjon.

A t

a c o n t r a c t o r s

r e q u e s t , t h e URE P r o jec t w i l l p ro vid e a s h or t fi l m s t r i p t o l o c a l t e l e -

v is ion s ta t io ns t o inc rease publ ic awareness of t he

NUR

Program.

Gaining Access

P ri v a te Prop erty . Most samples w i l l be co l lec ted on pr i va te proper ty .

A l l

r i g h t s of th e pro pert y owner should be respe cte d and care must be

ta ke n t o avo id any damage. Most landowners w i l l be happy t o c ooperate

and may vo lun tee r much us ef ul in for ma tio n; however, i f a landowner

pr oh ib it s a sample from being take n or withdraws permission once a

sample has been co lle ct ed , re tu rn t h e sample and leave. Do not argue.

Fo res t Serv ice Lands. Fore st Servic e Lands of th e

U

S. Department of

Agr icu l tu re co ns t i t u t e a s ign i f ic an t l and a rea i n many o f th e

quad-

ra ng le s t o be sampled. The

NURE

Program has been assured of the cooperation

of t h e F o r e s t S er v ice a s l on g a s t h e ac t i v i t i e s a r e n ot d e t r im en ta l t o

the forest environment or resources.

The URE Pro jec t w i l l a tt em p t t o

p rov ide con t rac to r s w i th l i s t s of the appropr iate per sonnel t o con tac t

i n each f o r e s t a r ea .

In general, each Forest Supervisor should be

consul ted i n advance of f i e l d operat ions and must be no t i f i ed a t le a s t a

week i n advance of a c tu a l sampling.

The

URE

Project should receive a

copy of any correspondence between a c on tr ac to r and Fo res t S erv ice

per sonne l . The con t r ac t o r s f i e l d superv iso r must con tac t D is t r ic t

Rangers when sampling teams actually arrive and before sampling

s

begun.

Commercial exploration on Forest Service land requires the issuance of

a m ineral ex plorat io n permit .

The Fore st Servic e has agreed t o waive

t h i s r eq ui rem en t f o r t h e NLTRE Program,

so care should be taken t o respec t

Fores t Serv ice reques ts .

Ind ian Reservat ions , Parks , Wild l i fe Refuges, e t c . The cont ract or s

f i e l d s u p e rv i so r s ho uld a rr an ge co n tac t w i th t h e l o ca l ag en t , t r i b a l

r ep rese n ta t ive , r anger , warden, o r o ther o f f i c i a l i n charge severa l

weeks pr io r t o an t ic ip ate d sampling. In genera l , good publ ic r e l a t ion s

w i l l ga in access.

The UR Project should receive

a copy of any corre-

spondence between the contractor and agencies or individuals contacted.


18/53

Military Bases.

Government of each military base is left to the discre-

tion of the Base Commander and access to any installation is dependent

on permission given only by the Base Commander.

The contractor s field

supervisor must attempt to contact this individual well in advance of

any planned sampling on the base.

Problems in gaining access should be

reported to the URE Project. The URE Project should receive copies of

any correspondence between the contractor and the Base Comander or a

designated representative.

Liaison with the LJR Project Contract Supervisor

The contractor s field supervisor will contact the URE Project s contract

supervisor at least weekly by telephone.

A motel address and telephone

number where this supervisor can be contacted at URE Project initiative

during any 24-hr period will be provided.

The supervisor will also

provide monthly progress reports due on the last week of each month on

o

x 2O quadrangle maps showing the areas sampled and the total number

of samples collected.

The contractor s field supervisor is expected to be abreast of team

activities at all times. Under normal circumstances, the UR

Project

will communicate with field teams only through the contractor s field

supervisor.

Routine maintenance of equipment is the responsibility of the contractor s

field supervisor. The URE Project will perfom major repairs or replace-

ment of equipment, but the turnaround time may be several weeks.

The

contractor s field supervisor should try to detect failing instruments

and anticipate needed repairs. It is suggested that a daily log of

instrument calibrations be kept to aid in identifying failing equipment.

The contractor s field supervisor should also anticipate the need for

resupply far enough in advance to allow time for shipping.

The UR

Project will process requests for supplies made through the URE Project s

contract supervisor once per week and turnaround time on such request

can be expected to be at least two weeks.

SITE SELECTION ND SAMPLING PROCEDURES

Sampling Density

Pilot surveys have indicated the average sampling density necessary to

define most geologic features. The sampling density to be used in each

lo x 2 quadrangle has been specified in the contract. It is the

responsibility of the contractor to identify sites to maintain the

specified density. When it is apparent that sites are not available to

be sampled at the specified density, it is the responsibility of the

contractor to inform the

UR

Project contract supervisor of the situation.

Site Selection

The procedure suggested for site selection is given in Appendix A.


19/53

Sample Collection

De tai le d in s tr uc t io ns fo r sample co l l ec t io n are g iven in Appendix

B .

Data Recording

D et ai le d in st ru ct io ns f o r completing th e Oak Ridge Geochemical Sampling

Form and en te r in g s i t e s on

d i g i t i z e r m a p s

a re given i n Appendix

C

SHIPPING PROCEDURES

Samples

M ail a l l

samples wit hin a week of co ll ec ti on , pre fer ab ly on Friday o r

Saturday . P r i or t o mai l in g , check th e t o t a l number of samples versus

t h e t o t a l number of f i e l d forms completed, and make su re t h a t a l l sample

la b e ls a re le g i b l e . Assemble a packing box th a t has been provided and

ta p e se cu re ly . Samples should be packed snugly so t h a t the y cannot move

around i n th e box. t may require using newspapers as a packing material

t o make sure th a t the f i t i s snug. Sediment samples should be dry

enough so t h a t t he y do not cause th e box t o become wet du ring ship ping .

When samples a re plac ed i n boxes, the y must be kept i n sequence wit hi n

t h e boxes shipped. I f s ev er al bags of sediment were coll ec ted a t a

s i t e , t h ey s h ou ld b e tap ed to g e th e r s o t h ey a r e n ot s ep a ra t ed in t h e

box. Attac h one of th e address la be ls provided t o th e ins ide f la p of

t h e box. Place another on th e outs ide and a ls o ind ic ate the ak Ridge

address as th e re tur n address . The la be ls fo r th e sample boxes are

provided, and an example i s shown below.

Union Carb ide Corpora t ion

N uc l e a r D i v i s i on

A t t e n t i o n : Mr. L

E

White

P 0. Box

Y

Bui ld ing 9720-6 ,

M

S . 002

Oak Ridg e, Ten nes see 37830

On th e ou ts id e of t h e box, reco rd th e sample number range included i n

t h e box. Two bags of th e san e sample number shou ld no t be s p l i t between

two boxes.

Also , on th e ou ts ide of th e box,

w ri te t h e map code of t h e

o 2 quadrang le from which t h e samples have been co ll ec te d See

F igure

5

f o r map co de s) ; and i n d i c a t e which box of how many a r e sh ippe d

on t h a t day example: box of

4

box 2 of

4

box

3

of

4

box

4

of

4 .

A t t h e pos t o f f i c e , in su re t h e box of samples fo r a minimum amount and

m a i l

P a r c e l P o s t R e g u b

I n d ic a t e a t t h e p os t o f f i c e t h a t t h e c on te nt s

a r e geologic samples.


20/53

The contractor s field supervisor shall inform the

URE

Project s field

supervisor at the end of each month how many samples have been mailed

during that month.

Field Forms

Mail the corresponding Oak Ridge Geochemical Sampling Forms to the UR

Project office on the same day the samples are shipped. Field forms are

to be placed in an envelope

and the seams of the envelope are to be

sealed with masking tape.

The field forms are to be mailed

C e r t i f i e d

MaiZ, No R e t u r n R e c e i p t R e q u es te d . The label for the field form enve-

lopes is shown below. Note that this address is not the same as that to

which samples are shipped.

J.

W. Arendt

Union Carbide Corporation

Nuclear Division

P. 0 ox P Mail Stop 46

Oak Ridge TN 37830

Maps that are to be digitized d i g i t i z e r

maps),

with sample locations

identified and numbered,

are to be mailed to the

URE

Project office no

more than two weeks after sampling has been completed for the area

covered by that map.

These maps shall remain unfolded and rolled in

protective nap tubes. Map tubes are to be mailed to the same address as

field forms. The address is given below.

J. W.

Arendt

Union Carbide Corporation

Nuclear Division

P. 0 ox P Mail Stop

46

Oak Ridge TN 37830


21/53

The c on t ra c to r s f i e l d superviso r

i s

r espons ib le fo r r epo r t ing t o the

UR Pr oj ec t s co nt ra ct supe rviso r a t th e end of each month th e number of

maps s en t t o Oak Ridge t o be di gi ti ze d. t i s im po rt an t t o n o te t h a t

many sample loc at io ns a re pre se nt on

n

individual base map; and without

t h e sample information from a base map, t he ac tu al sample and f i e l d form

data are wor th less .

Receiving Packages from the URE Project Off ice

Packages w i l l be s e n t t o t h e f i e l d a d dre sse d t o t h e c o n t r a c t or s f i e l d

superv iso r , i n ca re of e i th e r th e co n t ra c to r s o f f ic e o r Genera l De livery

a t a p a r t i cu l a r p o s t o f f i c e . The p os t o f f i c e w i l l u s u a l ly h o ld t h i s

typ e of package fo r t e n days.

f it i s n ot p o s s ib l e t o p i ck up th e

package, c a l l th e pos t o f f i ce t o have th e package held fo r a longer

per iod or t o have

i t

forwarded.

When a package from th e UR Pro jec t i s r ece ived , t h i s in fo rmat ion shou ld

be r epo r ted t o t h e UR Pro jec t s contract superv isor .


22/53

PPrnIX

SITE SELECTION


23/53

APPENDIX A

SITE SELECTION

The site selection procedure described herein was developed for areas

which are being sampled at an average density qf one site per 10 m i

with basins averaging between 2 and 20 mi in area.

The spacing to be

used in a particular area is specified in the contract for individual

quadrangles. This procedure should be used to serve as a guideline to

ensure a degree of uniformity in site selection. It should be kept in

mind that when selecting alternate sites, the primary objective is to

obtain coverage that is uniform, complete, and representative of surface

geology.

Sites to be sampled by contractors will be marked on maps supplied by

the LIRE Project with site numbers and sampling phase (either 2 or

G

preassigned. These maps will normally be black-and-white, electrostatic

copies of USGS topographic maps,

either of 1:24,000 scale 7 112

series) or 1:62,500 scale (15 series). Where topographic map coverage

is not available, sites to be sampled will be indicated on either county

maps or aerial photographs. All sites indicated on the maps supplied by

the URE Project that sample basins of and 20 m i in area will be

designated as Phase sampling sites. Those basins falling outside that

range will be indicated as Phase

G

(See Appendix C, Card I, Genera

Site

Data,

lock

31).

When planning basins to be sampled by contractors, consideration has

been given to accessibility of sampling sites, as well as evidence of

contamination indicated on the base maps. Based on previous experience,

it is assumed that circumstances exist that will prevent collection of

some samples from predesignated sites. Examples of these circumstances

include: refusal of landowners to grant permission, difficult terrain

preventing access, or extensive contamination which invalidates the

quality of the sample from that site. When valid reasons exist for not

collecting a sample

at the predesignated site, an alternate site will be

chosen by the contractor according to the following guidelines:

1 Alternate sites must sample basins that represent the same geologic

formation or formations as the original designated site.

2. Alternate sites must be selected either above the junction of

drainage or sufficiently below junctions to allow mixing of the

ream water and stream sediments from tributaries so the composite

sample represents all of the upstream basin area.

3

Alternate sites must be located on the upstream side of roads,

bridges, or man-induced contamination.


24/53

A l te r n a t e s i t e s s h o uld b e s e l ec t e d th a t sam ple b a s in s r ang ing

between 2 and 20 m i (P ha se 2 s i t e s ) , when a t a l l p o s s i b l e .

When

la rg er o r smal le r bas ins a re des igna ted , they shou ld be in d ica ted

a s Phase

G

( s e e Appendix

C

Card

1

General

ite

Data, l o ck 3 1 .

The a l t e r n a t e ba si n should be drawn i n on th e map provided by th e

LIRE P ro je ct showing s i t e s t o be sampled and in di ca te d as an a l t e r -

n a t e b a s in by l ab e l in g i t i n r e d in k "AL l%XNATEBASIN".

NOTE:

Labe l th e s i t e not sampled wi th the des igna t ion NOT

SWLFD".

t i s p e rm i s si b le t o sam ple t h e o r i g i n a l l y s e l e c t e d b a s i n e i t h e r

ups tr eam o r downstream from th e o r i g i na l ly se le c te d s i t e i f neces -

sa ry t o obta in access . Again , t h a t change should be ind icat ed by

redrawing the b as in on the

o ri g in a l map provided by th e

LIRE

P r o j e c t

showing s i t e s t o be sampled.

When

i t i s

n eces s ar y t o choose a l t e r n a t e s i t e s f o r more t h an

5%

of the

p r ed esig n a ted s i t e s w i th in any

o

2' qu ad rang le ,

t i s necessary t o

co n tac t t h e URE P r o jec t ' s co n t r ac t s u p e rv i so r t o s eek app ro va l i n

des igna t ing ad di t io na l a l te rn at e s i t e s . CAUTION: Fa i lu re t o obta in

approva l o r se le c t io n and sampl ing of uns a t i s f ac t o ry a l te rn a t e s i t e s may

r e s u l t i n re je ct io n of samples . To snsure co ns is t en t q ua l i ty , many of

t h e s i t e s de si gn at ed a s a l t e r n a t e s w i l l be eva lua ted by the

UR

P r o j e c t

qua l i ty con t ro l t eam.


25/53


26/53

SAMPLE

COLLECTION

ND FIELD ME SURFMENT

SAMPLING ROUTINE

Drive t o t h e lo ca t ion marked on the

m a p

showing s i t e s t o be

sampled,

and v e r i f y t h a t y ou a r e a t t h a t l o c a t i o n .

Secure permission t o sample it may be necessary t o conduct t h i s

s t e p p r i o r t o a r r iv i ng a t t h e s i t e ) .

Observe th e a re a of t h e proposed sample s i t e by walking upstream i n

th e bas i n looking fo r sources of contaminat ion. Check t o see

whether th e s t ream i s i n f lood s tag e . Samples should not be

co l l ec ted dur ing pe r iods o f f lood cond i t ions .

Af te r walk ing upst ream a t l e a s t 100 m s e l e c t a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e

sampling in te rv al f r ee from sources of contamination.

Examine th e sediment c ar ef ul ly t o determine the composit ion of th e

m a t e r i a l t o be c o l l e c te d .

Collect a composite sediment sample.

Label t h e sample ba g s ) and a f i e l d form using t h e s t i c k on sample

l a b e l s .

Complete t h e f i e l d form according t o t he guide l ines i n Appendix

C.

Enter t h e sample lo ca tio n and sample numbers on t h e di g i t i z e r

map

10 . Review bo th th e f i e l d form and map data f o r accuracy.

GUIDELINES FOR SAMPLING

General Guideline

1.

Sampling th e p re se lec ted s i t e s i s importan t . Do your u tmos t t o

ga in access and obta in permiss ion .

2. Attempt t o determine whether t he re i s contaminat ion present i n the

ba s i n above th e sampling s i t e by walking a t l e a s t 100 m upstream

from t h e access point se e Appendix

C

Evalua t ion

of

contamina t ion) .

3. Walk back downstream se le ct in g the sampling i n te rv a l so t h at t s

upst ream from vi s i b l e s igr ls of contamina tion , such as t r a s h i n th e

stream , cu lv er ts , or s lumping bank m ate ria l around newly constru cted

b r i d g e s .


27/53

4.

If you are sampling a basin that is a tributary to a major stream,

make sure that the sediment sampling interval is not in flood plain

alluvium. If necessary, move the sampling interval further upstream

to avoid the flood plains sediments.

5. The sampling interval should be selected either above the junction

of drainage or sufficiently below junctions to allow the mixing of

stream water and sediments from the tributaries so that the sample

represents all of the upstream basin area.

Sample Collection

After walking upstream 100 m, select a sampling inteval at least 25

m upstream from any manmade contamination. Make every effort

within reason to obtain a good sediment sample that is typical of

the active stream sediment in the stream bed.

Clean the sediment scoop in the active stream sediment that will be

sampled.

Collect sediment samples from the active portion of the stream.

Bear in mind that the stream sediment is the sampling target, not

dirt from nearby banks. Sample only the active portion of the

stream.

To take the necessary composite sample, collect at least six scoops

of sediment material taken to 3 m apart over a

15-

to 20-m

interval.

A

very heterogeneous sediment will necessitate collection

of up to

15

scoops of material over a 50-m interval.

Remove windblown debris and organic material from the sediment

surface at the site of each scoop. Dig down 1 t o in. with the

scoop and if heavy minerals are present, include them in the com-

posite.

Collect enough material to make up approximately 25 g of clay to

silt-sized sediment. If the sediment grade is coarse, it may be

necessary to take several s q l e s bags full. When clay or silt

material is collected, only one bag is required.

The objective is

to have at least 25 g of -100 mesh sediment after sieving. If

there is any doubt about the composition of the sediment, examine

it with a hand lenseto determine the composition.

Fill the sediment b3g s) two-thirds full. Overfilling will often

cause the bag to break and broken bags will constitute

a legitimate

basis for rejecting samples.


28/53

Drain any water from th e sample bag. Do not touch th e sample o r

th e ins ide of th e bag wi th bare hands i n order t o minimize chances

of contamination.

Fold the t op of t h e bag over as in dica ted on th e pa t t e rn imprinted

on th e bag and se a l th a t end of the bag wi th a t l e a s t thre e turn s

of v iny l t ape .

After the composite sediment sample b s been col lected and the

bag ( s ) a r e sea l ed , a t t a ch a sample l a be l t o t he ba g( s ) and the

f i e l d form th a t i s t o be f i l l e d out . The sample numbers should be

i d e n t i c a l f o r

a l l

bags of sediment taken from

an

i n d i v i d u a l s i t e

and the same a s tha t a t tache d to the f i e l d form.

I f more than one bag of sediment i s co l lec ted a t a s i t e , th e number

of bags h aving t h e same sample number must be in d ic a te d on each bag

by w ri tin g th e number of bags i n marking pen ju st below th e base

of

the sample label .

f

th re e bags were co ll ec te d, fo r example, each

would have a

3

entere d below the sample lab el . Af ter l abe l ing ,

numbering, and seal ing , a l l bags should be taped i n a bundle so

th e y do no t become sep ar at ed during pack ing and ship pin g. Be

ca re f u l no t t o t ap e over t h e sample l abe l s . The v iny l t ape used t o

s e a l the sediment bags should be used t o tap e th e bundle toge the r .

Recommended Fie ld-Pack Co nte nts

1 Sediment scoop,

2.

Five sample bags (conta ined i n a p l a s ti c bag t o prevent contam-

i n a t i o n ) ,

3

One inc h wide vin y l ta p e ,

4 Notebook wi th f i e l d forms, sample l a b e l s , geolo gic map, and

geologic

u n i t

code l i s t , and

5 Tiio thermometers.

f it

i s necessary t o h ike t o a l o ca t ion which

i s

out of s ig ht of t h e

sample ve hi cl e, ca rr y a map fo r navig atio nal purposes.

Remember t o keep

th e pack wel l-suppl ied, because

a t r i p back t o th e sampling vehic le

wastes valuable t ime.

FIELD TEST

Measure th e a i r temperature a t th e t ime of sample co l le ct i on by hanging

a mercury thermometer i n a shady are a adjacent t o the sampling s i t e .

Let t h e thermometer s t ab l iz e f or sev era l minutes before reading t o th e

nea res t t e n th o f t h e degree .

Make su re th a t no gaps a re prese nt

i n

t h e

mercury column t h a t

w i l l

cause fa l se readings .


29/53

PPENDIX

D T RECORDING


30/53

APPENDIX

C

DATA

RECORDING

THE OAK RIDGE GEOCHE fICAL SAMPLING FORM

All f i e l d d a ta ar e rec orde d on t h e Oak Ridge Geochemical Sampling Form

See Figure

4

which i s a form designed fo r

all

sample types col lected

i n t h e URE Pr o j e c t . t i s subaivided in to four keypunch card s which

approximate grouping of info rma tion. Card 1

Genera2 S i t e Data

iden-

t i f i e s d a t a needed f o r all samples. Card 2 i s completed fo r p l a n t ,

stream sediment, and ge ne ral water dat a. Card

3

i s completed for well

water and lak e water samples.

Card 4, h e Remarks Section a t th e end of

t h e f i e l d f o r m , i s reserved for speci f ic informat ion otherwise not

recorded, such as th e s pe ci f ic loc a t io n of t h e sediment composi te ,

unusual contaminat ion, e tc .

General Guidelines

1. Use re d in k t o comple te th e f i e l d form.

A

f ine-point account ing

pen i s b e s t . L e g i b i l i t y i s e s s e n t i a l t o a c cu r at e d a t a t ra n s -

cr ip t io n. To mainta in le g ib i l i t y , upper case , readable b lock

l e t t e r s must be used . No lower case l e t t e r s a r e allowed.

When a l l b lo ck s a r e n o t f i l l e d , a l l e n t r i e s must be r i g h t

ju s t i f i ed . When choices ar e t o be ind ica ted , do so by pla cin g

an

7

,

X i n t he box th a t cor responds t o t he des i r ed cho ice .

2. When decimal po in ts a re provided i n th e boxes, do not en te r

ano ther decimal po in t i n a blank box. Where decimal po in ts

a r e not f i x ed and one i s r equ i r ed , en t e r a dec imal po in t i n a

b l ank box making s u re t h a t t h e numbers a r e r i g h t j u s t i f i e d .

Be aware of s i gn if ic an t d ig i t s .

A

z ero t o th e l e f t o f a

dec ima l po in t i s no t s ign i f i c an t bu t may be used i f des i r ed .

A

z er o t o t h e r i g h t of a d ec im al p o i n t i s a s i g n i f i c a n t d i g i t .

Record a ze ro t o t he r i g h t of a decimal po in t

on ly when th e

ze ro i s an ex ac t measurement. Never use O O as an en t ry . I f

a measurement i s lower than .01, the n use a

. O 1

and expla in i n

t h e

Remarks Section

th a t th e number i s l e ss than .01.

3.

Use fl f o r t h e l e t t e r 0 e x c ep t when w r i ti n g i n t h e Remarks

Sec t ion example

P Q f o r t h e Q u a r t e m a s t e r

orm m at ion)


31/53

C 4

O K R ID G E G E O C H E M I C L S M P L I N G F O R M

GENERAL SITE DATA

Anach Identical

Sample Number Here

Site Number

Map Code

Sample Type

Sneam Sediment

Lake Sediment

Stream Water

Well Water

Spring Water

Lake Watw

Boo Water

Plant

Sail (Use Remarks)

epl icate Letter I L Z I

Fi; iieelSlatus

Carection

Voiding

Ca n0 1 Sample

Sediment. High U

Sediment. LowU

Water, High U

Water, LowU

Ai r Temperature lC1

Surtsce Geolqlis

Unit Code

UCN I3992

11

5.77

T y p of Vaaetatlm

(Within 1

Km

Upstream)

Conifer

Conifer Deciduous

Deciduous

Brush

Grass

MOSS

Lichen

Other

Density of Vegetat ia

(Within 1 Km Upstream1

Barren

Sparse

Moderate

Dense

Very Dense

Local Rslief

(Within

1

Km Upstream)

12-15ml

Gentle 115-6hn)

Moderate i60JMm)

High ( '30hi

Other

Weather

Calm

Lt Wind

Windy

v. windy

Gale

Clear

Pt Cldy

O w rc r t

Rainy

Snowy

Classes of Cmtaminants

Nane

Mining (Use Remarks)

Agriculture

Oil Field

Industry

Sewage

Power Plant

Urban

Other T

verage

Swa m Velocity

h h c l

m

=

No Visible Movement

P

=

Stagnant Pwl

ml ater Width lml

Water Level

Dry

Pw ls

Law

Daninsnt Bed Material

Boulder

C le

Pebble

Sand

Sil t

Clay

None [Use Remarks)

Figure 4

Normal

High

Flood

V VL t PK Pink

L Light RD Red

M Medium GN Green

D Dark BU Blue

CL Clear

BN Brwm

WH White

GY Gray

BK Black

YL Yellow

QT Other

Ddor

f

Sanplad

Maferisl

None

H2S

Other

Results Request

l ur e Remarks)

PLANT SAMPLE

8 9

Number

of

Plants Sampled

INurnber of grabs for moss1

Tmnk Diameter (ml

(1 m

a b v e

gmund)

(Average of Plants Sampledl

Name of Tree, Deciduous

Alto Verde Locust

Ash Maple

Beech Mesquite

Birch Oak.

Other

Box

Elder Olive

Cherry

Conanwaod Sycamore

Eim Salt Cedar

Hackberry Walnut

Hickory Willow

Huisache Other

Live Oak

Nane of Tree. Conifer

Fir Spruce

Juniper

Name

of

Bush

Alder Witch Hazel

Bluekry Yew

Pussy Willow Othw

Brown

Other

O K RID G E GEOCHEMIC L

S PFLING FORM


32/53

STREAM R LAKE SEDIMENT

Sample Trsamnt

Sieved

Other

m

4

Or pni c Material Field Estimate)

GENERAL WATER SAMPLES

Water Sample TreamXMt

Filtered Only

Acidifled Only

Acidified and Filtered

Other

Depm

of

Visibility [ml

1

T a d Alkalin ity ppn)

P Alkali nity ppn)

Appearance of Water

Clear

Murky

Algal

Omer

Discharge Imrshin)

REMARKS [Card 41

l d e n t i f i m i ~ n

f

Rcduoing Horizon

IGeoiogic Unit Codel

Cmfidencs of Rodvcing Hrxizon ldenti ficati m

Hlgh Degree

Pmbable

Po~sible

Source

of

Rcducing Hrxiron Idwn ificat im

Geologic Inference

Other

WELL WATER

Pmver Classification

Resian Fiw,

Elecvic

Gasoline

Wind

Hand

Other

Casing

one Below Water Table]

Steel

Galvanized

P Plastic

U Unknown

I

ipe Canmit ionth-

Steel

Galvanized

Cower

Plastic

Unknown

Other

Type of Well

Sm pl s Location

Meters from Weii Head

H = Holding Tank

Use

Remarks)

Whsre Sanpie Taken

wim

Respect

To

Pressure Tank

Drilled

Drive Point

DUO

Unknown

Other

8

a

Pressure Tank

From Pressure Tank Use Remarks1

G

U

l

Used

Well

Mvnicipsi

Household

Stock

Irrigation

Ai l of above

H and

S

H and

1

S and

one

Other

hasuency

of Pumping

onstant hourly)

Frequent daily]

infrequent weekly1

are

[no

merit

use)

Depm to mp of Pmdvcing Horizon

[ T

Meters)

Confidence

of

Raduciw ew

Swrse of Pmducing Depm Infonation

Publication

Owner

User

Geologic Inference

mer

Confidence of Total

High

Robable

Possible

SDurce

of Total Depth Informstion

Publications

Geol qic lderence

LAKE WATER

Tvw of

Lake

Lake Area

Isq

kml

Figure

4

(cont d)

O K RIDGE GEOCHEMIC L S MPLING FORM


33/53

4.

Anytime

Other

i s marlred a s a choice, explain t he observation

i n t he Remarks Section. En tr i es a re made i n the emarks

Section

by i nd ic at in g th e card and th e block number t o which

t h e remarks apply an the n w ri ti ng out th e remark (Example:

1-78 followed by a name and addr es s f o r

Results Request .

5.

f

i t i s necessary t o void a f ig ure because an e rr or has been

made, mark through the original figure and draw another box

wi th

i t s

number next t o the p r in ted box, and place th e co rre ct

en try i n th e sketched box.

Card

1,

General Si t e Data

Blocks 2-7

Sample Number Here

Blocks 8 11

Attach the sample number label identical

t o t h a t a t ta c h ed t o t h e sample b o t t l e s

over Blocks 2-7. I f the la be l t o be used

on the f i e l d form i s r u in ed o r l o s t ,

Enter t he assigne d s i t e number i n Blocks

m

ate Number

8 . ach lo c at io n of sample co l l e c t io n

( s tr eam) i s t ie fined as a s i te . Each s i t e

w l l have a unique number within any o

2' quadrangle (s t a r t i n g with

1 .

l l

Blocks 12-17

record the numbers legibly on the f ield

Enter t h e map code i n Blocks 12-17. Each

M a p c o d e

lo 2O quadrangle has a unique map code

(see Figure 5 a t th e end of the appendix

fo r the appropr ia te code) .

form. Note t h a t m ul ti pl e bags of sediment

c o l l e ct e d a t each s i t e a r e i d e n t i f i e d by

iden t ica l sample labe ls .

Block 18

Sample Type

Stream Sediment

Lake Sediment

Stream Water

Well Water

I n d ica t e t h e s m p le t yp e i n Block 1 8 by

placing an

X

i n t h e b ox f o r Stream

Sed imen t

Spring Water

Lake Water

og

Water

Plant

Sol1 Use Remarks)

Rock

Other


34/53

o 2

Q U D W G L E

M P

ODES


35/53

eplicate Lener A-Zl

Blocks 20-27

Hour Day hilonth Year

2 1 2 1

22

23 1 2 4

1 2 5 1 2 5

27

Blocks 28-30

Block 31

Phase P.1 2, r G

Block 32

Fie ld Sheet Status

Original

Correction

Voiding

Block 33

mUOl Sample

Sediment. High U

Sediment. LowU

Water. High U

Water,

L o w U

Leave Block 19 blank.

En te r t he t ime t o t he nea re s t hou r t ha t

th e sample was co ll ec te d i n Blocks 20-27.

Use th e m il it ar y 24-hour system of t e l l i n g

tim e (example: 1:00 p.m. should be

recorded as 13) .

E nte r t h e s a m p l e. c o ll e c to r l s t h r ee i n i t i a l s

i n Blocks 28-30 (o r tho se designated f o r

t h e i r u s e) .

I n Block 31, en ter t h e phase.

f

t h e

bas in a r ea above the s i t e

i s

between 2 and

20

m i

ente r 2

I f l a r ge r o r sma l l e r ,

e n t e r

G

The s i t e lo ca t ion map g iven t o

the con t r ac to r

w i l l

i nd i ca t e t h e phase t o

b e e n te re d f o r a l l p r e se l e ct e d s i t e s t h a t

are sampled.

Enter th e F iel d Sheet Stat us i n Block 32.

l l

new forms are o r i g i n z s and should be

so designated. Forms submitted l a t e r t o

correct errors on forms previously sub-

mitted should be marked Correction.

Leave Block 33 blank.


36/53

Blocks 34-37

Enter the a i r t empera ture i n Blocks 34-37.

Air Temperature OC)

Measure th e a i r temperature by hanging t he

mercury thermometer

i n

th e shade. Let th e

thermometer s ta b i l iz e for s ev era l minutes

before reading and record the temperature

t o t he nea re s t t en th o f a deg ree.

Blocks 38-50

Location

Leave Blocks 38-50 blank . The L at it ud e

and Longitude are obtained from the

e l e c t r o n i c d i g i t i z e r i n

Oak

Ridge.

Blocks 51-54

Enter the surface geologic uni t code for

Surface Geolagic

th e dominant surface format ion present i n

u n n Code

th e ba sin i n Blocks 51-54. Procedures fo r

determining the surface geologic uni t code

a r e descr ibed i n Appendix D Assignment of

Sur ace Geologic Unit Codes.

P r i o r t o

leaving the of f ic e , ob ta in a geologic code

l s t for the quadrangle and be absolutely

s u r e t h a t t h e l i s t i s t h e most r e c en t .

Block 55

~ y p ef Vegetation

Enter the type of ve getat ion pres ent

hithin

~ r

pstream)

wi th in

m

of th e sample s i t e

i n

Block

Conifer

Conifer Deciduous

55.

I f coni fer and deciduous ar e mixed by

Deciduous

more tha n 10 of th e othe r ty pe , th en mark

Brush Conifer and Deciduous. Inspec t t he

Grass

sampl ing s i t e fo r vege ta tion type as the

Moss

Lichen

s i t e s entered while d r ivin g or on foo t .

Other

Block

56

Density

o

Vegetation

wimin ~ m

Barren

Sparse

Moderate

ense

ery Dense

Enter the d ens i ty of vege ta t ion wi th in

Upstream)

krn

of t he s i t e i n Block

56.

Barren means

no vegetat ion.

Sparse i n d i c a t e s a d e f i n i t e

lac k of v ege tat io n where gr as s , brush,

e t c . a r e p r e se n t b u t t h e s o i l s uncovered

between patc hes of g ras s. Moderate i s t h e

normal vegetative cover. Dense i nd i ca t e s

a growth so t h ic k t h a t movement through

it

i s d i f f i c u l t .

Very Dense would be a

jung le o r r a in f o r e s t .

A pasture may

appea r a s a spa rse s i t ua t i o n bu t i f

covered with grass ,

t

would be class i f ied

as Moderate.


37/53

Block 57

Local Relief

Within 1 m Upstream)

Flat

:2ml

Law 2-15m1

Gentle

15-60m)

Moderate 60-300m)

High

(>300m)

Other

Blocks

58 59

eather

Calm

Lt

Wind

Windy

V. Windy

Gale

Clear

P i

Cldy

Overcst

Rainy

Snowy

Classes

of

Contaminants

one

Mining I

Agricu l tu re

Oil Field

Industry

Sewage

Power

Plant

Urban

Other

Jse Remarks

Ente r t he l o ca l r e l i e f i n Block 5 7 . The

ca tegor ies o f loc a l re l i e f a re def ined by

the d i f f e rence i n e l eva t ion f rom the

sample s i t e t o the h ighes t po in t wi th in a

half kilometer radius of the sampling

s i t e . Re l ie f i s be s t e st ima ted wh il e

d r iv i ng o r h ik in g t o t h e s i t e .

These

numbers a re most a cc ur at el y determined

from top ogr aph ic map.

Enter the appropria te choices fo r weather

i n both Blocks

58

and

5 9 .

There i s a

difference between

Windy

and

Veery Windy.

When t h e wind makes

t

d i f f i c u l t t o h an dle

papers or equipment, t i s d ef in ed a s

Very

Windy.

I f more tha n 10 of t he sky i s

covered by clouds, then mark PartZy CZoudy.

Ente r any type of co ntamination near t he

s i t e i n Block 60 ( ~ e f e ro Appendix D,

EvaZuation of Contamination .

For a l l

categories except None, an explanation

must be included i n t h e Remarks Section of

th e f i e l d form. This inc ludes a spe c i f i c

desc r ip t i on of t he s i t ua t i o n , i nclud ing t he

po si t i on of the po te nt ia l source of contami-

n a ti o n w i th r es p ec t t o t h e s i t e . I n t h e

case of Mininc, the descr ipt ion should

include the s iz e of th e a rea d i s tu rbed i n

the surrounding area and the type of

material mined.

In the case of

AgricuZture,

include th e type of crop, s iz e of c ul t i -

vated f ie l d , and information th a t might be

he lp fu l i n eva lua t ing the t ype of f e r t i -

l i z e r used. The presence of cows i n a

f ie ld i s no t of i t s e l f considered ev idence

of ag ri cu lt ur al contamination. The

categories of Ind ustr y, Pme r PZants, and

Urban

are inc luded t o g ive an ind ica t io n

of th e par t icu lar t r ac e e lements which ar e

most l ik e l y t o be presen t .


38/53

Average Stream elocity m h e c l

o Visible Movement

P Stagnan t Pool

Blocks 64 66

Blocks 67-69

]

Average

evh

Enter the average veloci ty of the s t ream

measured i n m/sec i n Blocks 61-63..

The

measurement en ter ed i s an average between

th e velo ci ty of the water a t th e bank and

th at of the fa s t es t f lowing por t ion of th e

water i n the center of th e st ream. This

s determined by measuring th e time of

passage of a f loa t ing ob jec t such as a

twig ag ain st a stand ard 2-m in te rv a l

marked out.on the bank.

Caution must be

ex erc ised not t o confuse su rfa ce movement

caused by wind with the v el oc it y of t h e

stream. For example i n a stagn ant po ol

a twig may move as t i s pushed by th e

wind but th er e would be no v el oc it y

indica ted .

o

Visible ovement

should be

in di ca te d when th er e i s no apparent move-

ment of th e sur fac e wa ter.

t a g m t Pool

shou ld be used when water occurs i n pools

wit hin th e stream bed.

The

average water width i n meters s

entere d i n Blocks

64 66.

The width

entere d i s intended t o represent th e whole

stream over a t le a s t a 100-m in te rv al not

ju s t a t the sample s i t e . For pools

est imate the greatest pool width perpendi-

cular t o the s tream axis and enter th a t

measurement f o r water wid th.

Enter th e average depth i n meters i n

Blocks 67-69. The measurement en te red

should be an average of s ev er al readin gs

t aken a s c lose a s poss ib le t o t he cen t e r

of the s t ream. In the case of an i so la t ed

pool measure th e deepest po rtio n of the

pool and enter that value.


39/53

Block 70

Water

Level

@

ry Norm1

Pools High

Low Flood

Block 7

Dominant Bed Matwial

Boulder

Cobble

Pebble

Sand

Si l t

Clay

None

Use Remarks)

Blocks 72-76

Sample Color [Except Plants

m

V V L t

PK Pink

L Light RD

Red

M

Medium GN Green

D Dark

BU Blue

BN rown

CL Clear

IVH

White

GY Gray

BK

Black

YL Yellow

OR

Orange

QT Other

Ind i ca te one cho ice fo r wate r l ev e l i n

Block 70. En ter

D r y

i f no w a te r i s p r e sen t

i n

th e stream bed. Enter

Pools

i f nonflowing

w ate r i s p r es e nt i n t h e s tr e am b ut i s

in t e r rup ted by in t e r va l s of s t ream bed

containing no wate r . Enter

Low

i f most of

th e water i s deri ved from groundwater base

flow. Enter

Flood

i f t h e strea m i s

f lowing over th e banks on t o th e f l oo d

p l a i n . A s t ream i s considered t o have

High

w ater l e v e l i f t i s above

Nomnal

of te n determined by a gra ss or bush l i n e .

I n

an

a r id ar ea th e normal flow may be a

very thin stream of water running through

a re l a t i ve ly l a r ge flood p la i n . Samples

should no t be c o l l e c t e d i f s tr eams a re i n

f l o o d s t ag e .

Enter th e dominant bed ma te ri al i n Block

71. This does not include organic ma ter ial

and i s not determined from th e ma te ria l

co l le ct ed i n th e composi te sample. The

e n t r y

i s

t o represe n t th e primary bed

mater ia l o f the s t ream.

Boulders

a r e

la rg er than 256 i n d iamete r .

Cobbles

a r e 64-256

m

i n d i am e t er .

Pebbles

are 2-

64 i n d i ameter .

Sand

i s 0.06-2

m

i n

diameter .

S i l t

i s 0 .004-0.06 i n

d iameter . Clay i s l e s s t ha n 0.004 i n

d iameter .

E n te r t h e co l o r o f t h e m a t e r i a l co l l e c t ed

i n Blocks 72-76. The co lor de sig na tio n

co ns i s t s of th r ee t e rms : a mod i f i e r

ad je c t i ve and noun. The modifie r i s Very

Light Medium

o r

Dark

These terms refer

pr im ar i ly t o the amount of g ra ins of th e

co lo r. The terms pre fac ed by

Very Light

would appear almost wh ite. The ad je c ti ve

and noun a re der ived from th e l i s t o f 12

cho ices . Most of the t ime a l l t h r ee

po r t ions of t he co lo r t erm are t o be u sed

a lt ho ug h o ccas i o n a l l y t h e ad j ec t i v e

po r t io n may be omi t ted . I n the ra re case

of a co l o r which i s t r u l y b l ack o r w h i t e

on ly the noun po r t ion of the t erm i s t o be

used.


40/53

Block 77

Sampled Materid

Other

Block 78

Results Request

Use Remarks)

Indicate the odor of the sediment material

sampled in Block 77 It is particularly

important to note

H S

odors as they indi-

cate reducing conditions in the stream

sediment.

If the choice other is used,

describe the odor in the Remarks Section

If it is necessary to provide the results

to obtain permission to sample, check

Block 78 Enter the person s name and

mailing address in the Remarks Section

Legibility is essential. Place after

the standard pauses in a person s mailing

address to instruct the computer where to

start a new line when addressing the

envelope. Be sure to obtain the Zip Code

(See an example in Appendix

C

Card 4

Remarks

Card 2, Stream or Lake Sediment

Block 31

Sample Condition

Enter the condition of the sediment sample

which has been collected in Block 31. The

sample is to be considered Wet if water

drips out of a bottom carner of the bag

after it has been filled two-thirds Pd

with sediment.

Block 32

Sample Treatment

Enter None for sample treatment in Block

32.

Sieved

Other

Blocks 33-34

In Blocks 33-34, enter the number of

Number

of

rabs

subsamples that make up the

composite

sample.


41/53

Enter an es t im ate of t he percent organic

S

rganic Material Field Estimate] m at er ia l i n Blocks 35-36. Often, th e

colo r of th e sediment m ate ria l sample i s

r e l a t ed t o t h e o rg ani c co n ten t. Thus, t h e

darker the sample , t he h igher th e organic

co nte nt. Make your en tr y from th e fol -

lowing cho ice s: 0,

5

10 , 25, 50, or

100%.

Card 4 Remarks

1

Pr in t a l l rem arks i n upper ca se b lo ck l e t t e r s . Be n ea t t o

a s s u re a c c ur a te t r a n s c r i p t i o n .

2

S t a r t each remark wi th the card and b lock number th at pe r t a i n

t o th e remark .

End each remark with a colon

: )

and s t a r t t h e

next remark (Example:

1-60 POSSIBLE

CONTAMINATION

F R O M RECENT

FERTILIZER APPLICATION:

1-77

SEDINCNT

HAS

ODOR

OF

AMMONIA: ) .

3.

The f i r s t e n t r y i n t h e

emarks Section

should be the exact

lo c a ti o n from which th e sample was ob ta ine d. The info rm atio n

requ i re d i n the descr ip t ion inc ludes ( a ) th e name of th e

d i g i t i z e r map on which th e sample i s en tere d , ( b ) an exact

de sc r ip t io n of th e lo ca t io n of t he sample s i t e and sample

in t e r v a l . I f p o s s ib l e , u s e a landm ark t o h e lp d es c r ib e t h e

s i t e l oc at io n . EXAMPLE:

1-38 JACKSON HILL 7 .5 MINUTE MAP.

SAMPLX COLLECTED I N THE

CENTER

OF

THE

STREAM OVER

A 1 6 M INTERVAL GOING

UPSTREAM

STARTING 62

M

UPSTREAM FROM

THE

LOW

WATER

BRIDGE.

THE SAMPLING

INTERVAL STARTS 3

M

DOWNSTREAM FROM A LARGE WALNlTT TREE

THAT

HANGS

OVER THE

WEST

BANK

OF THE STREAM:

4. If re su l t s a re reques ted by the p roper ty owner a t any s i t e ,

u s e t h e fo ll owin g fo rm at ( i n ad d i t i o n t o t h e we l l l o ca t i o n

format

5 .

f

keying a remark t o two or more d if fe re nt

ca tegor ies (boxes ) ,

use the fo l lowing format .

1-60 I-77 STRONG ODOR OF AMMONIA INDICATES THE SITE

M Y BE

CONTAMINATED BY

RECENT

APPLICATION OF

FERTILIZER:

6 .

R ecord a l l i n form a tio n i n t h e

emarks Section

t h a t h e l p s

des cr ib e the sample and sampling s i t e .

t

should be br ie f but

accura te .

Small i tems th a t seem un im po rtq t a t the s i t e may

be very s ig n i f ic an t i n in te rp re t in g geochemical da ta .


42/53

7.

Be neat when c ros sin g out any en try i n which an e rr o r has been

made i n th e

emarks

Section

DIG IT IZER

MAPS

The ac cu rat e loc at io n of s i t e s th a t have been sampled must be done af te r

the samples have been collected.

S i t e l oca t i ons a r e p l o t t ed on c l ean

unfolded copies of 7-l/Z1 o r 1 5 ' topographic maps or , i f necessa ry, on

county highway maps.

The maps pre pa red by t h e

URE

P r oj ec t f o r s i t e

se le ct io n may be used fo r nav igation and oth er purposes.

The f i n a l maps

t h a t a r e t o be d i g i t i z ed must be s o i nd i cat ed

by

wri t ing

DIGITIZER

MAP

i n the lower r ig ht hand corner and by a f f ix ing th e l ab e l s which a re

provided.

An

example i s shown below.

TYPE MAP DATE

QUADRANGLE NAME AND NUMBER

PHASE NO OF S IT E S

PHASE NO O F S I T E S

Once a sample has been co llec ted , determine th e lo ca tio n of t h e sample

s i t e on t h e

digitizer

map

a s accu rately as poss ible . Using a red pen,

put a dot over th e s i t e loca t ion and then c i r c l e the dot . Next t o the

sample s i t e l oc a t i on ,

at ta ch a smal l sample la be l tha t i s provided along

wi th th e l ab e l s fo r th e sample conta iner s .

In some cases, the s m a l l

l a b e l s

w i l l

not be usable,

and th e si x -d ig it sample nwnber w i l l have t o

be pr in ted n ea t ly next t o th e sample loca t ion .

The sample s i t e loca t ion

and sample number sho uld be a cce nted us ing a yellow marking pen i f

sample number l a b e ls a r e not used.

When a l l sampling has been completed on ei t h e r a 7-112' o r

1 5 '

topo-

gr ap hi c map o r on a county highway map, t h e in for ma tion must

be

completed

on th e l a b e l which has been af f ixeil i n th e margin.

Sampler Name(s)

r e f e r s t o t h e i n i t i a l s o f a l l sample rs t ha t co l l ec ted samples from s i t e s

i d e n t i f i e d on t h e

digitizer

map

Type Map r e f e r s t o whether th e map

s a 7 1 / 2 ' , 1 5 ' , o r county map.

a ate

re fe rs t o th e date sampling was

completed for the digitizer

map

Quad rangle name and number r e f e r t o

t h e name and map code of t h e o

2

quadrangle t o which th e digitizer

map i s a s so c ia te d .

Phase re fe rs t o bas ins des ignated ei th er Phase 2

or Phase

G .

No. of Si tes re fe rs to the number of sm p le s i t e s

sampled i n each phase t h a t a re shown on th e digitizer

m p

The unfolded

digitizer

map should be return ed t o Oak Ridge to t he address ind ica ted

i n th e procedure fo r shipping maps.


43/53

COMPOSITE

M PS

Sample s i t e loc at io ns a ct ua lly sampled should be enter ed on an overlay

t o the 1 :250 000 sc a l e

lo 2

NTMS to pographic map each day. Accom-

panying the a ccur ately posi t ioned sample s i t e loca t ion w i l l be the

sample number and s i t e number.

This map must be kept

up

t o d at e s o t h a t

t

can be used t o r ep ort monthly progress t o th e UR Pro jec t con t rac t

superv iso r a s we l l a s t o co r rec t ny dis cre pa nci es t h a t may occur on

igitizer m a p s


44/53

P P r n I X

D

SSIGNMENT OF SURF CE GEOLOGIC

UNIT

CODES


45/53

APPENDIX

D

ASSIGNMENT OF SURFACE GEOLOGIC UNIT CODES

PURPOSE

Geologic formations for each lo 2 quadrangle are assigned

3

or

letter codes which are entered on the field form on Card 1, Blocks

51-54. The formation is chosen to be representative of the geology of

the basin.

The purpose of designating a code for stream sediment is to

identify the dominant geologic unit which most influences the geochemical

concentrations in the sample. The laboratory analyzes the -100 mesh

fraction of stream sediments so the

geologic code may not apply to the

coarser fractions of these samples.

In terms of presenting data in a report, the geologic code of the

dominant formation is used as a fundamental basis for statistical

summaries of the results.

Summarizing data by formation serves as a

basis for determining whether background and anomalous values are

comparable between geologic units and which units might comprise a

geochemical provinke.

In

general, one should avoid sampling the Quaternary alluvium found on

large flood plains. Small alluvial deposits along the axis of the 10 mi2

basins can usually be

disregarded in the selection of a dominant geologic

code.

PROCEDURE

Two methods of assigning geologic codes are given below. Paragraph

A

takes precedence when applicable.

A. Look closely at the sediment to see whether you can judge the

probable geologic origin of the -100 mesh fraction. In the absence

of adequate evidence from the sediment itself, use your understanding

of the geomorphic processes operating in the area to assign a

geologic code. For example, the source unit may be assigned to a

formation cropping out in the portion of the basin which is being

eroded most rapidly as in the case of a formation which crops out

in the steepest slopes of an arid region. As another example, the

choice might be between a limestone and a shale where the limestone

tends to

dissolve leaving chert nodules not represented in the -100

mesh fraction while the shale erodes to form clay.

B.

Where the proper geologic code is not evident after considering the

guidelines above, choose the unit which dominates the area of the

basin. This may be the geologic unit which occupies at least 60 or

70 of the surface area of the basin.


46/53

Where sediment l i th olo gy o r bas in geomorphology i s th e ba si s fo r assignin g

th e dominant geologic code en ter a br ie f explanat ion i n the

emarks

Section. No explan ation i s needed fo r how th e dominant geologic code i s

chosen when th e se le ct io n i s obvious such a s when only one u n it crops

out i n th e basi n or when a second formation s t o o in s i g n i f i c a n t i n a r e a

or p os i t i on t o be se r io us ly conside red.


47/53

PPD IXE

EV LU TION OF CONT MIN TION


48/53

APPENDIX

E

EV LU TION

OF CONTAMINATION

Li ste d below ar e th e sources of contamination most l i k e ly t o be encoun-

te re d. Avoid the se circumstances i f possi ble by ei th e r moving upstream

of t h e co ndi t ion or i f necessary, by des ignat ing a new bas in t o be

sampled nearby. Always rec ord po ssi ble /ce rta in contaminants i n th e

Remarks Section

1 Agricultural Contamination

Agr i cu l t u r a l con taminat ion i s gene r a l l y r e s t r i c t ed t o app l i -

c a ti o n of f e r t i l i z e r .

s

the midcont inental region of th e

Uni ted Sta tes conta ins

70

of America s ag ri cu lt u ra l produc-

t i o n , t h i s i s of major importance.

Phospha te f e r t i l i z e r s a r e

widely used and co nta in co nc ent rati on s of uranium t h a t may

po ten t i a l ly contaminate sur face s i t e s . Due t o the l a rge

t r a c t s of land f e r t i l iz e d , a sampler can ra rel y move upst ream

t o avoid th e problem but should always note th i s type of

contamination i n t he Remarks Section

2. Road Material

Road bui ld ing gra vel , f i l l d i r t , e t c . , commonly wash in to

s tr eams and se t t l e near br idges. Try t o r ecognize t h i s type

of sediment. In ad di t io n, th e are a near a road may contain

high value s for lea d derived from gaso line addit ive s. Do not

sample downstream from road beds co nstr uct ed of mine t a i l i n g s .

When col l ec t in g a sample, th e s i t e should be located a t le a s t

5 upstream from brid ge o r 1 rm downstream from a bridge.

I f

it

i s not poss ib le t o sample ups tr eam, th e f ac t th a t th e

sample has been take n downstream from a roa d o r brid ge shou ld

be noted i n the Remarks Section

Any metal o bj ec ts found i n a stream bed should be n oted and

avoided by moving up s t r em . Trash i s def ined t o include auto

pa r t s , ba t t e r i e s , cons t ruc t ion mate r i a l s , garbage , or dumps.

4

S o i l o r Slump M at er ia l from Channel Banks

Slump mate r i a l or s o i l i s not r epresenta t ive of the ac t ive

s tream sediment ma ter ia l th at i s t o be col le cte d. Under no

ci rcumstances should s o i l or s lump mate r ial be c ol le cted .

Always sample the active stream sediment.


49/53

5 Mining ~ c t i v i t i e s

Any mining a ct iv it y upstream wi thi n a bas in rep resen ts a

source of contamination. The co nt ra ct or s sup ervi sor should

conduct a reconnaissance of are as i n advance of sampling t o

i de n ti fy mining are as. Be observan t of streams which have

been supplemented by wa te r pumped ou t of mines. Haul ro ad s

from mines t h a t pass through basi ns ar e a l so sources of

contaminat ion by lo ss o f ma t e r ia l f rom t ruc ks o r t r a i ns .

drainage bas in containin g h alf t he recommended area wit h no

c on ta mina tion i s b e t t e r t h a n a b a s in o f t h e p r e sc r ib ed a r e a

wit h mining upstream from th e co l l ec t i on point .

6 Industr ia l Contaminat ion

In du st r i a l contaninat ion has thre e major methods of t ra ns po rt :

wind, wa ter , and man. Contamination hal os a r e of te n seen

downwind from smoke s ta cks , smel ters , re f i ne r i es , s e t t l i n g

ponds, e t c . Eff luen ts f rom minera l process ing p la nts and

sewage t rea tmen t p lan ts con ta in s ign i f ican t t race e lement

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s t h a t w i l l contaminate surface sampling s i tes .

D i r t

o r rock tran spo rte d by man f or buil ding purposes can

af fe ct th e geochemistry of dr ainage waters and sediments.

When possible,

t i s

importa nt t o move upstream, upwind, o r s

f a r s poss ib le from in du st r i a l contaminat ion while

s t i l l

r e t a in in g th e i n t e g r i t y o f c ov erag e.

Dams ar e not t r u e sources of contamination unless they a r e

b u i l t of mine t a i l in g s . However, dams do cause th e s e t t l i n g

ou t of f i n e stre am sediments ups tream from th e dam and may

in d i c a t e r e s t r i c t e d sam ples t h a t a r e n ot r e p re s e n t a t i v e of

na tu ra l d ra inage bas in .

The presence of dams upstream from

sample s i t e s should be indi cate d as ther i n Block

60

o f t h e

f i e l d form and d iscussed i n the

emarks Section

Random resampl ing and resampling of s i t e s with unusual a naly ses w i l l be

conducted on a regular basis by the URE Pro jec t i n o rder t o de te rmine

t h e accuracy of information provided by th e con trac tor .

F a il u re t o

id en t i fy contaminated s i t e s or t o co l l ec t samples from contaminated

s i t e s where a l t e r na te s i t e s could have been chosen t o minimize th e

contamination w i l l con s t i tu t e a leg i t ima te re f le c t i on of th e per fo rmance

of t he co n t rac to r and w i l l be s t rong ly cons ide red in th e eva lua t ion o f

t h e co nt ra c t or s performatice.


50/53

PPENDIX F

GENER L GUIDELINES FOR D T CONTROL


51/53

F-3

APPENDIX F

GENER

TIDELINES FOR DAT

A CONTF

S i t e numbers a re unique wi thin any o 2' quadrangle , s t a r t i ng a t

0001 and progress ing t o

9999

(however, t h a t many samples a r e never

col lec ted within an individ ual quadrangle

.

Po ten t ia l sample s i t e s have been ide n t i f ie d and loca ted on 1 / 2 '

o r 1 5 '

topograph ic o r county highway maps, and assigned a s i t e

number and phase of sampling by the

URE

Pro jec t .

S i t e numbers should be consecutive, i f po ss i ble , within any indi -

vi du al base map and should not be repeat ed with in t h a t

o

2'

quadrangle.

When samples are c ol le ct ed , t he ac tu al sample s i t e should be

en te re d in re d i nk on a new, cle an, unfolded map (n ot th e map

showing s i t e s t o be sampled), ca l le d a

d i g i t i z e r m a p

using a 00

rapi dogr aph pen. The sample number l a b e l should be att ac he d nex t

t o t he accu rate l y l ocate d sample s i t e as shown below:

The

d i g i t i z e r m a p

must not be fo lde d because

t

i s t h e one t h a t

goes t o the e l ec t ron ic d i g i t i ze r in Oak Ridge. Folding

w i l l

d i s t o r t t h e p o s i t i o n of s i t e l o c a t i o n s w it h r es p e ct t o c o o r di na t es

of the maps.

f a s i t e cannot be sampled, an a l te rn a t e s i t e must be se lec te d .

The new s i t e should be ass igne d th e s i t e number of th e one not

sampled. On t h e or ig in a l map showing s i t e s t o be sampled, la b e l

th e s i t e i n red ink t h a t was no t sampled wi th the des igna t ion

NOT

SAMPLED . Ente r the new s i t e on th e d i g i t i z e r

map.

When a l l sampling has been completed f or a pa rt ic ul a r

d i g i t i z e r

m a p

complete a label and place

t

on th e lower r i g ht corner of t he

map. The la b e l t o be used i s shown below:

SAMPLER NAM E S)

TYPE MAP DATE

QUADRANGLE NA

Documents

Uranium Stream Sedimen Procedure