UPSC Psychology (Mains) Last 34 Years Papers by Mrunal

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers: 1979

Political Science (Mains) UPSC Question papers

Last 34 years [1979 to 2012]

Contents 1979................................................................................................................................................. 2

1980................................................................................................................................................. 4

1981................................................................................................................................................. 6

1982................................................................................................................................................. 8

1983................................................................................................................................................. 9

1984............................................................................................................................................... 11

1985............................................................................................................................................... 13

1986............................................................................................................................................... 15

1987............................................................................................................................................... 16

1988............................................................................................................................................... 18

1989............................................................................................................................................... 20

1990............................................................................................................................................... 22

1991............................................................................................................................................... 24

1992............................................................................................................................................... 26

1993............................................................................................................................................... 27

1994............................................................................................................................................... 29

1995............................................................................................................................................... 31

1996............................................................................................................................................... 33

1997............................................................................................................................................... 34

1998............................................................................................................................................... 36

1999............................................................................................................................................... 37

2000............................................................................................................................................... 39

2001............................................................................................................................................... 41

2002............................................................................................................................................... 43

2003............................................................................................................................................... 45

2004............................................................................................................................................... 47

2005............................................................................................................................................... 48

2006............................................................................................................................................... 50

http://www.mrunal.org/


2007............................................................................................................................................... 52

2008............................................................................................................................................... 53

2009............................................................................................................................................... 55

2010............................................................................................................................................... 57

2011............................................................................................................................................... 59

2012............................................................................................................................................... 62

1979

Paper I

1. Write brief explanatory or illustrative notes on any five of the following:

1. Autonomic nervous system

2. Types of drives

3. James-Lange theory of emotion

4. Volley theory of audition

5. Perceptual defence

6. RG. R.

7. Distinction between short term and long term memory.

2. Answer briefly any five of the following:

1. What do you understand by Scotopic and Photopic vision?

2. What are the characteristics of human nervous system that distinguish it

from other animal's nervous system?

3. What is the difference between frequency and place theories audition?

4. Enumerate the factors that determine depth perception.

5. What are the cues for knowing body position and movement?

6. What do you mean by the term ‘person perception’

7. How do you distinguish between reliability and validity of a test?

Section I

1. Examine critically the definition of Psychology as the study of behavior. Point

out therein how Psychology differs from other sciences that also study

behavior.

2. Explain the role of endocrinal functioning in personality development citing a

few illustrations.

3. ‘An individual is the product of heredity interacting with cooperating

environment operating at the appropriate time of maturation.’ Discuss this

statement, quoting the findings of some experimental studies in this area.

4. ‘We perceive what we want, and not what it is’ Examine the truth of this

statement, pointing out especially the motivational factors determining

perception and substantiating your answer with some research findings.



5. What are the problems studied by psychophysical methods? Examine the points

of similarities and differences among these methods.

Section II

1. Answer the following questions

1. Bring out the main issues on which learning theories divide themselves

2. Explain the main postulates of Hull's learning theory.


1. What is the effect of storage load in the retrieval process? Cite

experimental findings

2. Explain the factors that affect long-term recall.

3. What is the nature of a concept? Describe any investigation to study the

attainment or measurement of concepts.

4. Explain and illustrate the terms ‘mental age’ and ‘intelligence quotient’

pointing out the superiority of the latter over the former in the measurement of

intelligence.


1. What are the different forms of thinking?

2. Illustrate how mental set affects thinking or problem solving process.

Paper II Section I

1. Discuss how Freud's Psycho-analysis is based on his theory of Psycho-sexual

development. Illustrate your answer by describing case histories of a neurotic

and a psychotic

2. Describe the Lewinian Concept of Life-space with special reference to the

principles of dimensions and differentiation. How does it differ from S-O-R

interpretation of behavior.

3. Discuss the basic diagnostic rationale behind the projective tests. Illustrate your

answer with reference to individual projective tests. Examine the reliability,

validity and utility of these tests.

4. Describe the different steps involved in the construction of a Thurstonian type

of attitude scale using any social issue. What are the advantages of this

technique?

5. What is meant by theory of personality? How do you explain the existence of

divergent theories of personality? In what essential way does Allport's theory of

personality differ from Cattell's?

Section II

1. Analyse the dynamics and the developmental processes behind psycho-somatic

disorders. How do they differ from psychqtic and neurotic disorders.

2. Do you agree with the view that mal-adjustment to home is the single major

factor for juvenile delinquency? Cite supporting evidence. Suggest treatment

and remedial measures of juvenile delinquency.



3. What is meant by ergonomics? How does it help improve industrial

productivity.

4. Discuss the basic principles and methods for effective group therapy. How does

the therapist create a therapeutic climate in the group through inter-actional

transference situations?

5. Write critical notes on any two of the following:

1. Community psychiatry in the Indian context

2. Motivational dynamics of drug addiction

3. Behavior modification

6. How can the problems of stagnation and wastage ridding our educational scene

be solved?

7. What inputs could you suggest to overcome the psychological disadvantages of

the culturally deprived children to motivate them for better achievement.

8. It is often held that achievement at school is significantly influenced by

adjustment to the school.

Cite findings of research studies to illustrate your answer.

1980

Paper I

1. Write brief explanatory or illustrative notes on any five of the following:

1. Movement and space errors in judgement

2. Relational discrimination.

3. Subliminal perception

4. Species specific behavior

5. Role of endocrine glands in personality development

6. Interrelation between reliability and validity

7. Imprinting

8. Retroactive inhibition

2. Answer briefly any five of the following:

1. How is a constant error in judgement taken care of in a psycho-physical

experiment?

2. What do you understand by sensory deprivation?

3. What is the functional significance of having two eyes or two ears?

4. How do you distinguish between classical and instrumental

conditioning?

5. What is the duplicity theory of vision?

6. Illustrate the influence of context or set in perception.

7. How do you genetically explain the differences among children of even

same parents?

8. Why should intelligence tests be standardized for different countries and

cultures if intelligence is said to be least affected by environment?

Section I



1. Examine the place of humanistic psychology within the framework of

psychology as it has come to be understood since the starting of the first

laboratory of psychology.

2. Discuss the recent experimental studies of the functioning of the human brain

and explain the implications of the findings to the understanding of the

physiological basis of the levels of consciousness.

3. Activities phylogenetic in nature are least susceptible to improvement through

practice, while activities ontoganetic in nature are observed to be appreciably

accelerated by practice at appropriate maturational level. Examine fully the

significance of this statement, citing some experimental evidences to support it.


1. What are the bodily changes that accompany an emotion?

2. How have psychologist applied the knowledge of the occurrence of these

changes in understanding the individual behavior?


1. Explain the terms: ‘absolute limen'differential limen'’ point subjective

equality'.

2. Describe any one psycho-physical experiment to study the differential

limen.

Section II

1. Perception is a selective process. Discuss fully this statement, citing the results

of a few experimental studies.

2. Compare and contrast the main issues in the learning theories of Hull and

Tolman.


1. Compare the different measures of retention and explain the advantages

of the method which you consider the best.

2. What is meant by organization of memory? How does it help improve

recall?


1. Explain the meaning of ‘perceptual defence’ or ‘functional fixedness’

2. Describe an experiment to study any one of the above terms.


1. Discuss briefly how far the theories regarding the nature of intelligence

have influenced the approaches to its measurement

2. Must all tests be valid? Explain the conditions in which a test could have

low validity without prejudice to its utility.

Paper II Section A

1. Describe the basic concepts of the Gestalt School of Psychology. Examine the

systems which are closely allied and opposed to it in their approaches.



2. Discuss how personality is an integration of psychological needs and social

demands. How would Lewin interprete this process of integration in personality

development?

3. Critically evaluate the questionnaire method of personality measurement.

Illustrate your answer by citing any one questionnaire method. Is Statistical

method in any way useful in this context?

4. Describe a Semantic Differentia! Technique with illustrations. Discuss its

reliability, validity and utility in social psychological research.

5. Describe the chief characteristics of a neurotic life style. Indicate the major

fantasies of anticipated harm entertained by neurotic.

Section B

1. Discuss the merits and limitations of the use of experimentally established

principles of learning for the purpose of changing unadaptive behavior

2. Examine critically the ecological approach to community Mental Health

problems. Illustrate your answer with an example.

3. What is sociopathic personality? Discuss the importance of family relationship

in sociopathic personality syndrome.

4. Discuss the role of Psychology in personnel selection in industry. Does proper

selection ensure productivity as well as job satisfaction of the workers?

5. Write critical notes on any two of the following:

1. Delusions of persecution and grandeur

2. Alcoholism and its treatment

3. Existential approach to personality

1981

Paper I Section A

1. Answer any three of the following. Each answer should be in about 200 words:

1. Examine the utility of introspective data in the study of behavior.

2. S S connections or mental map in animal learning.

3. What are the main patterns of localization of functions in the brain?

4. Name and explain the types of errors which affect the study of sensory

thresholds.

2. Explain the main areas of application and the limitations of psychology in the

social and economic development of society.

3. Examine the physiological affects of emotional arousal, the external influences,

and the internal control of emotions in the light of the fact that they (emotions)

are significant in making life exciting, challenging and demanding?

4. Examine the role of endocrine and social learning mechanisms in the formation

of personality.

Section B



1. Answer any three of the following. Each answer should be in about 200 words:

1. Describe the techniques for the study of concept formation in children.

2. Explain the lowest common denomination of learning Guthrie's system.

3. Give examples with explanations for the 2-factor theory of intelligence.

4. What is probability learning? Give examples for this kind of learning

from human and animal behavior

2. In what respects do the major learning theories differ from one another.

3. Coming to think of the vast array of materials you have learnt, how do you

retain and recall them as will? What psychological and physiological

mechanisms are involved?

4. Explain Guildford's model of human intellect and point out its contribution to

our understanding of creativity.

Paper II Section A

1. Attempt any three of the following in about 200 words each:

1. Explain the existential theory and its implications to modern psychology.

2. Describe Likert's technique of attitude measurement and compare it with

that of Thurstone.

3. Briefly describe semantic differential technique in social psychological

research.

4. Describe the determinant of the Rorschach Test which assess

Introversion and Extroversion.

2. ‘Modern Psychology has outlived the schools’ Explain with reference to the

current trends in modern psychological research and the recent counterparts of

the schools in psychological theory and applications.

3. Evaluating the different approaches to the assessment of personality, examine

how far the factor approach as propounded by Cattell explains the nature of the

personality.

4. How do the determinants and the dynamics of personality as explained by

Murray compare with the basic tenets of Allport?

Section B

1. Write short notes on any three of the following. Each in about 200 words:

1. Reliability and validity of projective tests

2. Personnel selection in industries

3. Personality adjustment and school achievement

4. Drug addiction

2. ‘Modem community psychiatry emphasizes the importance of the social

environment in determining and changing human behavior’ Explain with

reference to current trends in preventive psychiatric treatment.

3. Discuss modern behavior therapy stating its salient features. Explain in what

sort of cases this is most effective. State also countra-indications, if any.



4. Leadership is best conceived as an interpersonal phenomenon of role

relationships within a group rather than as personal attribute or aspect of an

individual. Examine the statement.

1982

Paper I Section A

1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each:

1. Examine the problems and difficulties of experimental method in

studying human behavior. Suggest remedies.

2. Throw light on the role of glands-in emergency action of the organism.

3. Describe experimental evidences on the fluctuations of two brain

hemispheres

4. Explain the plasticity of visual system.

2. There is no single theory of vision which attempts to account for all the visual

phenomena-Discuss with experimental evidence.

3. Examine whether the central nervous system develops in a fixed way or that its

development can be changed by systematically manipulating the environment.

Does this mean that the brain can be either impaired or improved?

4. Discuss the value of co-twin studies in understanding the influence of genetic

factors in the development of personality.

Section B


1. How do the experimental findings of Harlow (1949) with monkeys; and

Lewinsoni and Rees (1963) with young children, explain the

phenomenon of the learning set?

2. Examine the statement that forgetting is more due to dynamic

motivational factors of personality rather due to more disuse or lapse of

time.

3. Describe emotions in terms of their basic dimensions.

4. Examine the role of set in thinking.

2. Critically comment on the following:

1. Tolman claims his system to be genuine behaviorism

2. That it is molar than a molecular types of behaviorism.

3. What is intelligence? How is its organization explained?

4. Briefly explain the main principles which determine and affect human

motivation, citing illustrations taken from day-to-day life.

Paper II Section A

1. Attempt any three of the following. Each answer should not exceed 200 words:

1. Compare classical conditioning with instrumental conditioning bringing

out their contributions to modern psychology.



2. State and examine the theoretical systems constructed by Skinner and

Hull on learning.

3. Do you think, the Gestalt school is a reaction to any other school in

interpreting human behavior? Give reasons.

4. Lewin's concept of Psychological field is mainly based on his concept of

dynamic interactional matrix. Explain.

2. The empirical data on human behavior available today enable us to proceed

with systematic theory building without necessarily belonging to any of the

schools. Evaluate.

3. Describe the nature and main determinants of personality and discuss Eysenck's

account of the dimensions of personality.

4. Discuss how far personality inventories like M. M. P. I, and the 16 P. F. Are

effective means of assessing personality.

Section B

1. Answer any three of the following. No answer shall exceed 200 words:

1. Describe the different steps involved in devising a Thurstonian scale of

attitude measurement and comment on its utility.

2. Explain the role of the psychologist in social change and national

development.

3. Current trends in family therapy, group therapy and the encounter

movement have opened up new horizons in community psychiatry.

Comment.

4. Differential diagnosis of psychoneurosis, psychosis and psychosomatic

disorders depends on symptomatology and one's theoretical orientation.

Elucidate.

2. Discuss the effectiveness of psycho-analytic therapy. Compare it with modern

behavior therapy bringing out the merits and demerits of both.

3. Briefly discuss the recent studies on the motivation of the culturally and

socially deprived school children and the implications for modern education.

4. The man machine system has been subjected to considerable study and research

in the area of organisational behavior. Explain the statement bringing out the

salient features of human engineering.

1983

Paper I Section A


1. Discuss the problems relating to experimental design both in laboratory

and field situations in establishing cause and effect relationship. Does

measurement in correlation studies provide any help in indicating cause

effect relationship?

2. Evaluate the methods of study used in brain localisation.



3. Examine the view that endocrine system is the basic key for

understanding the total personality.

4. Cite experimental evidences in support of cognitive theory of emotion.

Do you think it explains the phenomenon satisfactorily?

2. Discuss the relationship between the various divisions of the autonomic

nervous system, and their functions in an emergency situation.

3. Evaluate the effects of sensory and environmental deprivation on the

development of animal and human abilities and behavior based on experimental

evidences. Does it affect the genetic potentialities of an organism?

4. Elucidating the concepts of need, drive and incentive, discuss the problems

involved in measuring motives in human beings.

Section B


1. Describe the nature and components of signal detection theory.

2. Discuss the relationship between high intelligence and creativity in the

light of the studies made on the subject.

3. Discuss the limitations in using conventional IQ Tests on

unsophisticated and illiterate population in India. Suggest corrective

measures.

4. How do you establish reliability and validity of a test? Does reliability

guarantee validity?

2. ‘We see things as we are, not as things are.’ Elaborate the various implications

of this statement.

3. Discuss the nature and kinds of reinforcement in learning process. Examine the

different theories propounded by Psychologists to interpret the phenomenon of

reinforcement.

4. What is concept learning? Describe the various factors affecting concept

attainment. Does Information processing model help in understanding

conception formation better?

Paper II Section A


1. What light no neo-behaviorists throw on the problem of learning?

Indicate briefly their impact on personality theory.

2. Examine the evidence offered be Gestalt psychologists to establish their

concept of organised wholeness of behavior.

3. Among the determinants of personality development the biological and

biochemical seems to be supreme Elucidate.

4. Contemporary psychological studies in India have among other things

concentrated on population. Growth, economic development and socio-

cultural deprivation. Explain.

2. Actually there is no single S-R theory, but rather a cluster of theories all

resembling each other more or less, but at the same time each possessing



certain distinctive qualities like explicitness, economy of formulation and

empirical anchoring. Discuss.

3. Evaluate the theories of Freud and Eysenck regarding the structure of

personality. Indicate how far they have succeeded En explaining human

behavior.

4. Explain the use of W. A. I. S. And. The M. M. P. I. As diagnostic instruments.

Do you think the Rorschach could be a suitable substitute?

Section B


1. Bring out clearly the factors that influence social perception.

2. ‘By organisational climate we mean the personality of the institution.’

Discuss.

3. Describe the problem of learning disabilities of socially disadvantaged

children. What concrete steps can psychology provide?

4. Briefly discuss the role of educational institutions as instruments of

socialisation and social change.

2. Define attitude. How are attitudes formed? How can we change attitudes?

Explain in the light of suitable theories with illustrations.

3. ‘Psycho-analytic therapy tries to help the patient attain self-knowledge, self-

control and maturity. Behavior therapy is the use of experimentally established

principles of learning for the purpose of changing un-adaptive behavior.’

Discuss.

4. Discuss the nature of effective leadership in an organization with special

reference to Indian situation.

1984

Paper I Section A


1. Examine how the central care, the lymbic system and the outer core of

the human brain constitute a complex system that maintains the integrity

of the organism.

2. Evaluate the genetic study of genius.

3. Describe perception of movement and depth.

4. Critically examine the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.

2. Describe the different approaches to the study of psychology. Do you think by

applying scientific methods the view points of various approaches can be

reconciled in understanding the different aspects of living organism-both

animal and human?

3. Do you agree with the view that heredity and environmental influences

constitute an interactional end-product of complex mainfolds of many specific

influences? Indicate in this context evidences based on studies on animals and

human beings.



4. It is suggested that the biological requirements of man are of much less

importance in behavior than are his psychological needs. Examine this point of

view. Describe the various psychological needs.

Section B


1. Evaluate the views of Jensen and Piaget on intelligence.

2. Describe the steps involved in construction and standardisation of

psycho-metric tests.

3. Examine the findings of sex differences in aptitudes and explain the

reasons for the differences, if any.

4. Evaluate the problems of Validation of General Intelligence Tests with

reference to Cross

Cultural data.

2. Explain with suitable experimental evidences that the failure to remember is

basically an interference phenomenon.

3. Describe the processes and factors involved in operant conditioning. Illustrate

how certain types of daily behavior can be brought under control through

operant conditioning.

4. Distinguish thinking as a problem-solving behavior from sensory motor

learning. Discuss the role of ‘set’ in thinking.

Paper II Section A

1. Attempt any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words):

1. Discuss the essential features of field theory in psychology.

2. Do you agree with the view that psychology in India has reached a take-

off stage? Justify.

3. Elaborate the behaviorist's views on individual's freedom and

responsibility.

4. Explain the different techniques of measuring anxiety.

2. State the problem of reinforcement in modern learning theory in its various

aspects. What is your assessment of the role of positive reinforcement in

learning?

3. Evaluate critically the Rogerian theory of personality.

4. Explain critically the studies of emergence of communal prejudice in children,

with special reference to studies in Indian context.

Section B

1. Write short answer to any three of the following (each not exceeding 200

words):



1. What is the relation of n-achievement motive to socio-economic

development?

2. In the context of relevant studies, discuss the nature of effective

leadership in organizations.

3. Describe some studies on need for affiliation and need for power. How

are the two needs related? Discuss.

4. Explain any one:

1. Psychophysiology of schizophrenia

2. Personality types and deviant behavior

3. Deprivation in early childhood and mental development.

2. Make as exhaustive a list as possible of current psychotherapeutic techniques.

Evaluate Gestalt therapy.

3. Summarise the contemporary trends in North American Psychology.

4. Discuss the importance of intellectual and non-intellectual factors underlying

school achievement.

1985

Paper I Section A


1. Discuss the advantages and limitations of quantification and

measurement of human behavior. Illustrate your answer with examples.

2. Examine the implications of ‘experiment or effect’ in laboratory

experiments. Explain whether you can control such effects.

3. How is endocrine system related to emotional syndrome? Can it explain

the whole process of emotional arousal and control?

4. Two children of same parents happen to be different in mental

equipment and behavior patterns. Can you explain this phenomenon on

the basis of polygenic model of inheritance?

2. Discuss the principal functional properties of drive both innate and acquired.

Analyse the motivational components underlying acquired drives with

illustrations. Do acquired drives have any relevance in social planning?

3. How does classical psychophysics differ from modern psychophysics?

Differentiating between the two, discuss Steven's power law.

4. Examine the physiological and physical mechanism of colour vision. Critically

evaluate the various theories of colour perception.

Section B


1. What is the factorial theory of intelligence? Do measuring techniques

also vary depending on the implications of this theory?

2. Discuss the issues of racial and cultural differences in the intelligence.

3. What is the role of modelling in learning? Is any imitation a part of

modelling mechanism?



4. What is information processing analysis of thinking? Cite recent

experimental evidences in this context.

2. How does Pavlovian conditioning differ from the Skinnerian type? What is the

nature and role of reinforcement in both the types of conditioning?

3. Explain the processes and principles of reconstruction in remembering with

experimental evidence. Can you understand better by some of your day-to-day

intriguing experiences in the light of this theory? Illustrate your answer.

4. Discuss the measurement techniques of abilities, aptitudes and achievement.

How do you assure reliability and validity of these tests?

Paper II Section A


1. Freudians and the neo-Freudians are similar in approach but differ in

points of emphasis. Discuss.

2. Field theory has given to Psychology certain concepts that are very

valuable in analysing human behavior. Comment

3. Explain the essential differences between traditional behaviorism and

non-behaviorism.

4. Psychology in India has become more problem oriented and gradually

finding its own identity. Discuss.

2. Explain the culture personality approach and discuss the role of child rearing

practices in personality formation.

3. Unbalanced cognitive systems tend to shift towards a state of balance. Discuss

in the context of attitude or cognition.

4. Bring out the essential features of projective tests of personality and discuss

their relative merits and shortcomings over psychometric tests.

Section B


1. Is there a motivational syndrome associated with agro-economic

development? Discuss.

2. Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not two poles of the same

continuum but constitute separate dimensions. Discuss.

3. Deeply rooted in learning theories, behavior therapy uses principles of

reinforcement in changing maladaptive behavior. Discuss.

4. Discuss the educational problems of socio culturally disadvantaged

children.

2. Discuss whether mental health is to be considered only as an absence of mental

disease. In this context, explain with suitable examples what is meant by

psychosomatic diseases.

3. Giving suitable illustrations, discuss different bases of social power.

4. Discuss school as a social system. In this context, indicate how interactions

within the classroom affect children's performance.



1986

Paper I Section A


1. Describe the nature and types of variables in psychological experiments.

Discuss the problem relating to single and multiple variables in

psychological experimentation. Illustrate your answer.

2. Enumerate the similarities and differences in the functioning of the two

cerebral hemispheres in human beings and explain the phenomenon of

cerebral dominance. Cite experimental evidences in this context

3. Critically evaluate the concept of homeostasis and drive reduction theory

of motivation.

4. How do you measure the RL and DL of any sense modality? What is the

Weber-Fechner

Law? Has it got any relevance in real life situation?

2. The complex action and interaction of pituitary and adrenal glands with

nervous system play a crucial role in the integration of bodily responses.

Discuss. Is this syndrome in any way connected with personality development?

3. Examine and evaluate the different theories of emotion citing experimental

evidences. What role do the cognitive factors play in rousing and sustaining

emotions?

4. What can we inherit? Discuss the various difficulties in isolating the hereditary

characteristics from the acquired ones, in some crucial cognitive and

personality structures?

Section B


1. Evaluate the two-process theories of Memory.

2. Discuss the role of set in thinking with experimental evidences. Do

mental sets guarantee correct thinking?

3. Is it possible to separate creativity from intelligence? Cite evidences.

How do you measure creativity as different from intelligence?

4. Describe the various steps in constructing and standardizing an attitude

scale on a given population. Does sampling procedure create any

difficulties in this context?

2. External determinants of stimulus may lead to attention but internal

determinants make perception meaningful. Discuss. Describe the factors

responsible for wrong perception.

3. What are the essential features of S-R approach in learning skills? Can it

explain all complex learning in human beings? If not suggest other approaches

supposed to account for human learning.



4. Discuss the various theories regarding the levels of ability components of

intelligence. How are they related to age and mental development of an

individual?

Paper II Section A

1. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should not exceed

200 words):

1. Salient features of basic and applied areas of Psychology developed in

post-Independence India.

2. Lewin's theory of structure of personality.

3. Validity and reliability of Interview for personality assessment.

4. Steps for mental health promotion programs.

2. Distinguish between the concepts of trait, type and dimension as used in

theories of personality. Discuss any one theory of personality based on one of

the above concepts.

3. Examine the contributions of psychoanalysis and behaviorism to the

development of psychological thought How far are these two classical schools

relevant today in the crucial and critical problems faced by our society?

4. Discuss the different models of behavioral stress seeking to explain

psychosomatic disorders. Illustrate through examples of specific symptoms-

behavioral syndromes of proneness to Coronary Heart diseases.

Section B

1. Write short answer to any three of the following (each not exceeding 200

words):

1. The socially disadvantaged student-their motivational problems.

2. Behavior therapy-cognitive Behavior Modification and Meditation.

3. Job attitude versus job behavior.

4. Affiliation motivation and implementation of Integrated Rural

Development Programs (IRDP).

2. Analyse the concept of prejudice and discuss caste or religious prejudice in

India. Briefly trace the development of prejudice in children.

3. What are the motivation bases for economics development of a society? Also

discuss the applicability or otherwise of concept of the Protestant Ethic in this

context.

4. What do you mean by organizational climate? Is it a unitary or

multidimensional concept? How far does the theory of open system help our

understanding of organizational climate?

1987

Paper I Section A

1. Answer any three-of the following in about 200 words each:



1. What are the steps in Scientific Method? Considering these steps how far

do you justify the place of Psychology in Science? Give your comments

with examples from the subject matter of Psychology.

2. Discuss the localization of functions in the brain with particular

reference to memory functions as propounded by Brodmann.

3. Describe signal detection theory and explain how it proposes an

improvement over classical Psychological Physics.

4. Pituitary gland is the master gland. In light of this statement narrate the

functions of pituitary gland.

2. Discuss the salient features of field experiment in psychology. Illustrate how,

you would plan to conduct a field experiment on any Psychological problem of

rural India.

3. Discuss the statement: Heredity sets the limits and environment provides

opportunities to reach that limit. In your discussion cite important studies on

families, on twins, and on foster home children.

4. Discuss the physiological bases of any two biogenic motives.

Section B


1. Explain briefly the nature of discrimination and generalization processes.

Illustrate a typical experiment in respect of each of these processes.

2. Discuss the paradigms of transfer of training giving suitable examples.

How do you distinguish between the term transfer of training and

transposition?

3. Why is the index of validity of a test generally of a lower range in

comparison to its reliability? Explain the models of establishing Validity

of an intelligence test.

4. What is the concept of Concept? Discuss any model of concept learning.

2. Citing some important studies, discuss the motivational determinants of

Perception. Elucidate the electrical field theory to explain visual figural after

effect.

3. Discuss the behavioristic interpretation of the process of problem solving with

the help of suitable experiments. How does the behavioristic interpretation

differ from that of the Gestalt view?

4. Explain the term intelligence Viz-a-viz creativity. Discuss different factorial

theories of intelligence along with you own evaluation of these theories.

Paper II Section A

1. Write short notes on any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed

200 words):

1. behaviorism was a necessary protest but it hit beyond the mark. Discuss.

2. What do you understand by psychosomatic disorders? Explain the

aetiology with special reference to gastrointestinal or respiratory system.



3. Explain the appearance of different schools of psychology. How can it

reconcile with the claims of psychology to be a science?

4. Using protective tests for the assessment of personality is an exercise in

futility Do you agree? Illustrate your answer with TAT or Rorschach test

2. Briefly discuss the contributions of Neo-Freudians and show how they differ

from classical psychoanalysts.

3. Compare and contrast the theory of personality propounded by Rogers and

Erikson.

4. Discuss the dimensional approach to personality & show how far this has

helped in the scientific assessment of personality.

Section B

1. Attempt any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200

words):

1. From the point of view of community mental health for all by AD 2000

work out a project for mental health in our country.

2. Evaluate the efficacy of behavior therapy in the treatment of alcoholism

and drug addiction.

3. Explain the role of motivation in economic development citing studies

made in India.

4. How are attitudes formed? Can they be modified or changed? Explain

with special reference to conditions obtaining in our country.

2. Give a descriptive account of leadership in an. Industrial establishment. Discuss

the role of the leader in group rivalries.

3. Education is a process of socialisation and social change. Discuss the steps

taken by the national government for the socially disadvantaged groups.

4. Examine the relation of prejudice to self-regard and confirmity. Do you agree

with Gordon All ports view that prejudiced attitudes may serve as

psychological crutches for those crippled in the encounter of life?

1988

Paper I Section A


1. Why is it difficult to unravel the relative importance of maturation and

training in most human performance? Give concrete illustrations.

2. Explain and illustrate the terms stimulus generalization, response

generalization and mediated generalization. Does the phenomenon of

stimulus generalization represent a failure of association? Give

experimental evidence.

3. How is creativity related to intelligence? Discuss the earlier and

contemporary trends of research on creativity.



4. Discuss the nature of perceptual organization. Show whether it is

innately determined or acquired. Cite experimental evidence in support

of your answer.

2. How far would you justify the view that contemporary psychology is by no

means a unified field of study? Give your answer with reference to tough

minded approach based on hard date as opposed to tender minded approach

based on rational principles.

3. How does discrimination learning differ from learning by instrumental

conditio-ning? Give your comments with relevant experimental evidences on

the associative as opposed to relational type of explanations of discrimination

learning.

4. Analyse the process of early socialization. Discuss the effects of exclusive

mothering and substitute care on the child's later personality development.

Section B


1. What are the various problems of measuring intelligence by means of

intelligence tests? Give suitable illustrations.

2. Discuss the implications of the Organizational Man and the Humanistic

Man Models for behavior change.

3. Give your comments on prediction of behavior from the knowledge of

attitudes. Discuss cognitive dissonance approach and assimilation

contrast approach to attitude change.

4. Analyse the process of communication and discuss the various strategies

for making communication more effective.

2. Compare and contrast All port's trait theory and Freud's psychoanalytic theory

with respect to their concept of personality, assumptions concerning human

nature, empirical validation and application.

3. Discuss the nature and complexities of altered states of consciousness which

are produced by hypnosis, drug Use and meditation.

4. What are the characteristics of motivated behavior? Give a critical account of

Drive theory and Need hierarchy theory of motivation.

Paper II Section A


1. Elucidating the concept of change-proneness, indicate its main

psychological correlates.

2. Effectiveness of participatory management style is conditioned by the

socio cultural context Comment.

3. Behavior therapy is rooted in some basic principles of learning. Explain.

4. Just putting the test questions in an objective form does not necessarily

render the test scientific. Comment, and elucidate the characteristics of a

good psychological test.



2. Distinguish neurotic from psychotic disorders, and outline the common

symptoms that go with depression.

3. Describe in concrete terms the interaction process analysis and discuss its

utility in a classroom situation.

4. Any step to effect change is, beset with the phenomenon of resistance.

Comment and discuss the psychological factors that are responsible for

‘resistance’ to change.

Section B


1. Elucidate the concepts of prolonged deprivation and relative deprivation.

2. Pathology of prejudice is but a small part of the story of prejudice.

Comment

3. Discuss the psychological factors that make communication in an

organization effective.

4. Elucidate the psychological components of the entrepreneur syndrome.

2. Referring to different studies, discuss the role of achievement motivation in

economic development. In this context, discuss whether agro-economic

development is associated with a distinct pattern of motivation.

3. In the context of relevant studies, discuss the psychological correlates of socio-

cultural disadvantage.

4. Elucidating the concept of stress, discuss its psychological consequences. In

this context, outline the role of some socio-psychological factors that help in

the management of stress.

1989

Paper I Section A


1. Distinguish between Classical and Instrumental conditioning on

operational and theoretical grounds.

2. Discuss the role of extraneous variables in social research. How can they

be controlled?

3. Critically examine the role of non-cognitive factors in perception.

4. What do you understand by term ‘National Character’ Critically examine

the present Indian

National Character according to your perception.

2. On the basis of experimental evidence discuss whether the phenomenon of

perceptual defence is an experimental artifact and indicate the kind of

mechanism that the phenomenon presupposes.



3. Discuss, with reference to suitable experimental studies, the role of positive and

negative instances in concept formation, and explain the strategies of concept

learning.

4. What are the various stages involved in the processing and storage of

information in human memory? Discuss.

Section B


1. Discuss the utility of psychometric vs. Protective tests in personality

assessment.

2. Examine the implication of Expectancy Value theory of motivation in

the light of experimental evidence concerning achievement oriented

behavior in man.

3. Briefly discuss either Balance or Cognitive Dissonance theory of attitude

change.

4. Define intelligence and discuss critically Spearman's two-factor theory.

What are the latest views on the structure of human abilities.

2. Briefly describe the main factors responsible for effective communication.

3. What kind of relationship exists between culture and personality? Examine

critically the concept of personality in Indian thought.

4. Which model of man do you consider to be most appropriate in the present

social context? Give your reasons.

Paper II Section A

1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words):

1. Critically examine the effect of television on the people of rural India.

Suggest suitable measures to bring about socio-cultural change through

this mass media.

2. Discuss how certain persons are predisposed to develop neurotic

behavior under stress. What are the adaptive functions of neurotic

symptoms?

3. Describe the major barriers of effective communication in a public sector

industrial set-up in India.

4. Psychological properties of a small group determine its cohesion as well

as its quality of decision making process. Illustrate your answer.

2. Critically examine the various terms of reliability and validity of psychological

tests. Does reliability guarantee validity? Cite some tests of questionable

validity.

3. What are the basic experimental findings which have contributed to behavior

therapy? Can it be the sole therapeutic method to handle all types of behavior

disorders?

4. What are the psychological resistances to social change? Draw up a program of

change in favour of family planning in India, emphasising the successful

removal of resistances existing in this area.



Section B

1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words).

1. What are the Psycho-Social factors behind drug addiction? Suggest a

rehabilitation program for the drug addicts.

2. What are the basic psychological problems of the adolescents in the

home and school situations? Suggest measures for the proper adjustment

of the adolescents both in homes and schools

3. What is appropriate technology? How does technological change

influence human behavior and interaction? Point out its psychosocial

implications in rural India, citing case studies.

4. What is prejudice? Do you think it is a part of personality syndrome

which develops through socialization? How would you intervene in this

process to arrest its development?

2. Authoritative decision making on the part of a leader does not rule out

participatory management processes. Discuss. How does it operate in Indian

industrial organizations?

3. Incentives do play a major role in work performance but they do not guarantee

to maximize it. Discuss this by citing examples from different work situations.

4. What are the psychological and cognitive deficiencies of socially

disadvantaged children? Draw up an effective educational training program to

remove these deficiencies and bring them to the main stream of school

children.

1990

Paper I Section A


1. What are the essential criteria for conducting a true experiment? Explain

by giving a suitable example.

2. Operational definitions of learning facilitate scientist's activity. Discuss.

3. How does signal detection theory differ, classical psychophysics?

Discuss

4. Point out the main differences in the approaches of Western and

Vedantic theories of personality.

2. Though the model of Hebb has many shortcomings in the field of perception

and certainty cannot be called a satisfactory general theory, it probably goes

further in suggesting the way towards such a theory than do other conceptions

that lack its denotational clarity and boldness of design? Discuss.

3. As you observe people about you, are you able to determine differences in their

ability to do abstract, mechanical and social tasks? How would you investigate

mechanical and social intelligence? How would the knowledge of these factors

serve as an encouragement to children who do not possess high abstraction

ability?



4. Tendency to succeed is a multiplicative function of motive to achieve success,

probability of success and incentive value of the goal. Discuss.

Section B

1. Differentiate any three of the following in about 200 words each:

1. Field experiment and field study.

2. Thurstone and Likert attitude scales.

3. Roger's concept of the fully functioning person and Maslow's notion of

self actualization.

4. Convergent and Divergent thinking.

2. Explain the characteristics of pre-existing attitudes as factors in attitude

modification.

3. The human infants of different societies are biologically similar and born a

social. It is the culture that makes them different and social. Elucidate with

reference to the process of socialization. Give suitable examples.

4. Critically examine the human problems in aviation and space flight.

Paper II Section A


1. Critically examine the view that Intelligence scores very depending on

various socio cultural differences of the subjects tested. Evaluate the

status of reliability and validity of these tests as predictive instruments.

2. The same fire which melts butter hardens steel! Explain this

phenomenon in the Context of frustration and stress resolution in

personality development with examples.

3. What are the characteristics of neurotic and psychotic depressions? Do

you think the lines of treatment should be similar in both?

4. What are the different forms of group therapy? Does it exclude behavior

therapy from its process of insight development?

2. Discuss the motivational determinants of effective job performance. Do

individual differences in respect of job satisfaction play a significant role in job

performance?

3. How do socio-economic disadvantages adversely affect the cognitive

development of children in early years of growth? Suggest ameliorative and

compensatory educational measures to modify these deficiencies. Indicate the

critical period concept in this context.

4. Examine the various ethnic and communal prejudices which operate against the

forces of national integration in India. How do you plan a program of education

and propaganda media leading to healthy national integration?

Section B




1. Different leadership styles determine the nature and quality of group

management. Discuss.

2. What are the motivational and attitudinal components of change

proneness? Draw up a program of change to enhance and strengthen this

property in people.

3. What is Entrepreneur syndrome? How do environmental and family set-

up determine the emergence of this syndrome?

4. Discuss how achievement motivation depends on socioeconomic and

personality factors. Can achievement motivation be improved &

strengthened?

2. What is mental retardation? Discuss the genesis of different types of mental

retardation. Suggest measures for this rehabilitation.

3. Discuss how information management, with a view to facilitate effective

communication in a democratic set-up is primarily the responsibility of various

mass media. What should be the role of Government and leadership in this

process?

4. Examine the view that alchoholism and drug addiction is basically a part of

disorganised personality syndrome established in home setting. Suggest

measures to arrest this process of personality disorganisation.

1991

Paper I Section A


1. Examine the status of Psychology in the family of Social Sciences.

2. What are the salient features of a laboratory experiment? Illustrate how

you would plan to conduct a laboratory experiment to ascertain the effect

of a narcotic on student's academic performance.

3. Briefly discuss the environmental factors affecting vigilance.

4. Elucidate the concept of approval motive and discuss its influence on

behavior.

2. Citing experimental evidence describe how values determine one's social

perception.

3. What methods would you employ to study discrimination learning? Explain the

phenomena of transposition. And how is it explained by relational theory?

4. Within the framework of operant conditioning experiments discuss major types

of schedules of reinforcement and their impact on the modification of behavior.

Section B


1. Bring out the difference between surface and source traits of personality.

How has Cattell identified the latter empirically?

2. Critically examine the significance and difficulties involved in the

measurement of social attitudes.



3. On what basis can it be asserted that there are two systems of memory?

Discuss their importance to retention.

4. Outline the necessary steps for developing a test for the measurement of

scientific aptitude or intelligence.

2. Murray's theory possesses the unique feature of a simultaneous emphasis upon

the importance of the past of the organism and the present context within which

behavior takes place. Discuss.

3. Analyse the process of communication. Highlight the importance of effective

communication between students and teachers in the university set-up:

4. Discuss the implications of the Humanistic Man Model for behavior change.

Will this model be suitable in the present-day world?

Paper II Section A

1. Answer any three questions of the following (Each answer should not exceed

200 words):

1. Elucidate the technique of personnel selection and state its importance.

2. What is meant by social and cultural deprivation? Examine the major

consequences of social deprivation.

3. In the light of psychological characteristics of the adolescents, discuss

the specific problems they face in learning situation.

4. State in brief the important symptoms of psychopathic personality. Point

out the fundamental difference between these symptoms and those of

neuroses and psychoses.

2. Examine the basic principles in the construction of psychological tests. What

steps are to be taken to get assured of their dependability?

3. Examine the major characteristics of client-centred therapy and group-therapy

and state their respective merits and limitations.

4. Elucidate the psycho-social factors that are contributory to resistance to

changes of any social system. Suggest a concrete plan to improve or eradicate

the same.

Section B

1. Write answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200

words):

1. Discuss the major steps to achieve social integration.

2. What do you understand by work motivation? Discuss how its functional

role may contribute profit to industry.

3. Drug addiction is acclaimed as a threat to our country. State its cause and

remedy.

4. Elucidate the causes and consequences of deprivation. Suggest

corrective measures.

2. Explain Entrepreneur Syndrome, and the steps that you will suggest corrective

measures.



3. What are the psychological barriers of effective communication? Discuss with

particular reference to the mass media. How do you propose to overcome the

barriers?

4. The multifarious problems of aged persons have posed a great challenge to the

society and our country. Suggest a program for their all round rehabilitation.

1992

Paper I Section A


1. Compare & contrast-armchair theorising and experiment, armchair

theorising and naturalistic observation.

2. Give everyday example of instrumental reward conditioning and

instrumental eversive conditioning.

3. Why is it incorrect to say that homeostasis is a single motivational

factor? How many separate factors are included in it?

4. Describe the effective methods of communication giving suitable

examples.

2. What does the reliability coefficient of a test indicate? Describe the approaches

to the estimation of reliability.

3. Citing relevant experiments elucidate facilitative as well as fixating effects of

set in problem-solving.

4. Attempt a description of the characteristics of the gifted and indicate how those

could be identified and developed.

Section B


1. What is national character? Explain the role of heredity in developing

national character.

2. Describe the implications of the different models for behavioral changes.

3. Explain meditation and how far it is useful today for therapeutic purpose.

4. Critically evaluate Tolman's views on reward expectancy, place learning

and latent learning.

2. Describe the cognitive, the effective and the behavioral components of attitudes

and state their effect on behavior.

3. Write briefly on the nature and development of intelligence and on the factors

that influence the development of intelligence.

4. What are the strengths and weaknesses of a type approach to the study of

personality? Illustrate with reference to Jung's theory and to Sheldon's.

Paper II Section A


200 words):



1. What do you understand by retarded solution? Suggest measures for

their relevant training.

2. What is meant by communication? Suggest suitable measures to bring

about effective communication.

3. Examine the nature of achievement motivation and discuss how people

are to be motivated.

4. Examine the actiology and symptoms of the socially deviant and suggest

ways for their rehabilitation.

2. Examine the characteristics of good psychological test and discuss its limitation

as raised by the critics.

3. Victims of anxieties and depressions do present a common sight to everyday

life. Point out the difference in them and elucidate their actiology and the

remedial measures to be adopted to treat these two maladies.

4. Whom would you label as the disadvantaged groups? Examine with

illustrations the psychological consequences of disadvantages and suggest in

brief, measures to educate them.

Section B


1. What do you understand by psychological tests? Examine the principle

of their classification under different heads.

2. State with examples how neurotic cases can be differentiated from

psychoneurotic cases.

3. Examine the complexity inherent in the change process and discuss how

resistance to change can be reduced.

4. What is meant by interaction process analysis? State how it helps in

classifying major categories of communication.

2. Render a psychological definition of juvenile delinquency and discuss in what

way it differs from crime.

3. Cite some common stresses in our daily life and examine the effects of

psychological efforts to contain them, ending either in success or failure.

4. Examine the nature and source of prejudice, and also the different ways of their

manifestation. Give relevant illustrations.

1993

Paper I Section A


1. Is it possible to apply psychological principles to help in solving human

problems for developing a fair, peaceful and satisfying society?

2. How are rules useful in solving problems? How do people make

decisions about an uncertain situation?

3. Define perception. Differentiate between different types of perceptual

distortions.



4. Describe the case history method and its importance in clinical

diagnosis.

2. What is cognitive approach to learning? How do latent learning, insight and

imitation differ from each other? Illustrate cognitive approach to learning.

3. Explain the various stages of the information processing models of memory.

What are the characteristics of each stage and how each stage is related to one

another?

4. Discuss in detail the contribution of nature and nurture in the development of

human behavior giving suitable examples. Give your views in this regard.

Section B


1. State the contributions of Francis Galton to mental testing.

2. How did the Neo-Freudians improve upon the orthodox Freudian

analysis of personality?

3. Computer program is the artificial intelligence. Explain.

4. Explain the role of dissonance arousal in prejudice.

2. State the various types of social motives the individual develops. How social

motives are important in helping us to understand the behavioral differences

among people?

3. What is communication? Discuss the importance of language and other

effective modes of communication.

4. Explain the different models of man and their implications for behavioral

change.

Paper II Section A


200 words):

1. Examine the methods of reliability and validity of psychological tests.

Does one guarantee the other?

2. Critically examine the relative efficacy of different leadership styles in

management. Offer your own views in the matter.

3. What are essential social and psychological characteristics of change

proneness? Illustrate your answer with a special reference to a certain

personality syndrome

4. What are the components of work motivation? Does it mainly depend on

financial incentives?

2. Discuss the basic differences between psychotic and neurotic behavior

disorders. Can the same line of treatment be used in treating both types of

cases?

3. Discuss the psychological characteristics of a group. How does interactional

process analysis measure group dynamics?



4. What are the psychological and social factors behind the resistances of change?

Draw up an action program to remove the resistances in changing common

stereotypes.

Section B


1. How would you differentiate mentally retarded children from the normal

in a classroom situation? Suggest measures both at home and school for

successful training of such children.

2. Do you agree with the view that prejudice is an essential element of a

certain personality syndrome? How does it develop in home situation?

3. Discuss the psychological and social problems of the Aged. Draw up a

rehabilitation and counselling program for them.

4. Describe the motivational problems of the disadvantaged children. What

ameliorative steps need be taken both at home and school to meet this

deficiency?

2. Criticality examine the view that adolescent period is marked by greater

emotional instability and social protest syndrome. Describe the remedial

measures to handle this program.

3. Describe the factors both at home and outside which create and strengthen

achievement motivation. Is it in any way related to entrepreneur syndrome?

4. Is drug addiction basically a deviant coping mechanism? State the

psychological and social factors which have to be tackled for the successful

rehabilitation of drug addicts.

1994

Paper I Section A


1. Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of cognition that explains

how mental processes are organised and function. Explain.

2. Examine the scope of application of psychology in different fields. Give

suitable examples.

3. Explain that endopsychic conflicts, even though they do not become

conscious, draw a great deal of nervous energy which could otherwise be

used for creative activities.

4. Explain the concept of economic motive and discuss its influence on

behavior.

2. What difference would it make in our educational procedure if there were little

or-no transfer of learning? Discuss the scope of programd learning in

curriculum of certain courses for students.

3. How is national character developed? Explain its need and importance in

present day political situation.



4. Explain the causes of forgetting. Is it a necessary aspect of learning process?

Justify your answer with examples.

Section B


1. Discuss the effectiveness of projective technique in the measurement of

personality. Give suitable examples.

2. Dream is the guardian of sleep. Explain.

3. What is conflict resolution? How best can it be attained? Give suitable

examples.

4. Describe an integrated model of man acceptable to the modern society.

2. Distinguish between physical and environmental stress and state the

generalised responses. Is it possible to overcome this?

3. People tend to conform to group norms of thought and behavior. Conformity

pressures can create situations in which the information obtained from personal

modes conflicts with information obtained from social modes. Explain.

4. Describe the physical and psychological problems of man in aviation and space

flight.

Paper II Section A


200 words):

1. What is behavior therapy? Can it handle alone all kinds of behavior

disorder? Give reason.

2. Describe the chief features of participatory management system. Does it

help creating better work culture?

3. Examine the characteristics of various types of work motivation. What is

the role of social prestige and security in this context?

4. What is interaction process analysis? How does it measure group

behavior?

2. Does quantitative measurement of psychological traits cover all aspects of

personality? Suggest measures to overcome its limitation.

3. Describe the various kinds of psycho-physiological disorders. Are they in any

way related to psychopathic personality? Indicate the line of treatment in this

respect.

4. Examine the view that the psychological resistances to change are dynamically

related to social change proneness prevalent in the society. Suggest measures to

alter this syndrome.

Section B


1. Does the Indian school serve as a true agent of socialisation. Discuss this

problem keeping in view the social objectives of modern Indian society.



2. Elucidate the concept of cognitive deprivation. Describe the

psychological measures to eliminate it.

3. Describe the psychological components of prejudices. Give suitable

examples from Indian context and suggest possible remedies.

4. What are the chief features of achievement motivation? How does, can it

be assessed?

2. What is information management system? Explain the problem of information

overload. Describe the psychological factors which make it more effective in

operation.

3. Distinguish between White Collar and Blue Collar Stress. Discuss some of the

coping strategies with each type of stress. Give suitable examples.

4. Examine the role of mass media in the Indian social change process. Critically

evaluate the role of

Doordarshan with a special reference to its advertisement display program in this

context.

1995

Paper I Section A


1. What do you mean by the S-O-R paradigm?

2. What is culturally conditioned behavior? Give examples.

3. Is reminiscence a fact or a misnomer? Answer with relevant findings in

support

4. Explain covergent and divergent thinking.

2. Describe the essential features of an experiment in psychology giving suitable

examples. Discuss the limitations of the experimental method.

3. Evaluate critically the contribution of the Gestalt school to the development of

psychology as a science with special reference to the study of perception.

4. Give an adequate description of the classical and the operant conditioning

situations and compare them with respect to the nature of reinforcement and the

kind of responses that are learned.

Section B

1. Explain any three of the following in not more than 200 words each:

1. Factorial approach to the study of personality

2. Stages in language development

3. Sensory deprivation and its effects on behavior

4. Man as viewed from the standpoint of humanistic psychology

2. Explain the G and the S factors in intelligence. Describe one test each known to

you for measuring the G factor and the S factor.

3. Discuss the need-hierarchy theory and comment on its relevance and utility

today in understanding human behavior.



4. What are attitudes? Can they be changed? Explain the characteristics of the

source of message which strongly affect one's response to any attempt at

changing attitudes.

Paper II Section A


200 words):

1. What is the basic principle of psycho-dynamic approach in handling

behavior disorder? Does it equally qualify as other kinds of therapeutic

techniques?

2. What are the components of leadership training? Discuss the limiting

and facilitative factors in leadership training for a public sector industrial

set-up in India.

3. Describe the chief characteristics of a small group with a special

reference to the quality of interpersonal interactions and relations.

4. Discuss the various psycho-social process of socialisation. Indicate the

importance of home in this process.

2. What is the rationale behind use of psychological tests? Critically examine

reliability and validity, of such tests, and their interdependence.

3. Evaluate the psychological and behavioristic theories of neurosis. Do you think,

the therapies suggested by both the groups are inclusive of each other?

4. Examine the phenomenon of resistance of change. Explain the factors involved

therein affecting social change in relation to productive processes of a

community and suggest possible remedies.

Section B


1. Do you think, ail low achievers in school are mentally retarded? How are

the low achievers actually identified? Suggest training program for the

mentally retarded.

2. Discuss how achievement motivation is an essential component of

entrepreneur syndrome. Draw up a program of creating achievement

motivation in rural people.

3. Do you agree with the view that urbanisation creates greater problems

for the aged? Give reasons. Suggest measures to handle their psycho-

social problems.

4. What do you understand by information overload? Discuss the

psychological factors involved in information management.

2. Discuss the various psychological and pedagogical factors which cause

cognitive deficiency in early childhood period. Do Scheduled Caste and

Scheduled Tribe children come under this category? Draw up a compensatory

educational program for such children with a view to bring them to the

mainstream.



3. What are the various components of dynamic social integration? Describe the

various psycho-social factors which hamper proper social integration in India.

Suggest remedial measures.

4. Describe the various psycho-social factors which contribute to communication

gap. Illustrate your answer from a public sector industrial organisation as well

as a Govt. Department. How would you overcome communication gap?

1996

Paper I Section A


1. Maturation and learning as determinants of behavior. Give suitable

examples

2. Nature of and theory underlying programd learning and its implications

for teaching.

3. Relationship between emotions and perception with special reference to

perceptual defence.

4. Theory-testing vs Theory-developing research.

2. How is psychological measurement different from measurement in physical

sciences? Giving appropriate Illustrations, distinguish clearly between psycho-

physical and psychometric measures.

3. Explain the rationale in using perception as a medium for studying personality.

Cite major findings of research in this area.

4. Discuss the information-processing approach to the study of memory. How

does it differ from other approaches? Describe the three interacting systems of

memory implied in the approach.

Section B


1. How do values motivate human beings? Answer giving suitable

examples from research.

2. Can computer ever acquire human-like ability to think, remember and

solve problems? Discuss fully with illustrations.

3. How are intelligence and creativity interrelated?

4. Between brain-maturation and reinforcement, which one offers a more

satisfactory explanation of language acquisition?

2. Give a complete psychoanalytic account of human motivation. Is it adequate, in

your opinion?

3. Briefly, describe various projective measures of personality. Evaluate each of

them.

4. What do you mean by altered states of consciousness? Describe the ways in

which they can be acquired.

Paper II Section A




200 words):

1. Describe the chief features of group therapy and also mention the

neurotic behavior on which it can be used.

2. How can personality affect the formation of prejudices?

3. When does a group become a crowd? Any why?

4. Is work culture an essential component of effective work motivation?

Discuss its operation in public and private industrial set-up in India.

2. Discuss the different types of psychological tests. Are the results obtained in

different areas of testing equally scientific and dependable? Suggest measures

for ensuring their reliability and accuracy.

3. What are the typical psychophysiologic disorders caused by anxiety and stress?

Give your reasons for the same.

4. Why is social change necessary? Keeping the present state of affairs in India,

What steps would you take to plan social change?

Section B


1. Can a normal school handle gifted as well as retarded children with

equal justice?

2. Discuss the role of mass media with a special reference to television in

spreading the idea of consumerism in India

3. How would you differentiate psychological consequences of

disadvantage and deprivation?

4. Discuss the psychological and social factors behind effective

communication.

2. What are the major components of prejudice? Discuss the factors which

generate and strengthen prejudice with special reference to the Indian scene.

3. Discuss the effect of rapid technological advances on psychological and social

behavior of Indian youth from rural and urban areas.

4. Discuss how alcoholism, drug addiction and various kinds of crime are the

symptoms of basic social disorganisation. Suggest ameliorative and

rehabilitation measures.

1997

Paper I: Section A


1. What are the drawbacks of Ex-Post-Facto design of research?

2. Why do Figural-After-Effects take place?

3. What is the relation between Discrimination learning and

Generalization?

4. What role does extinction play in long-term-memory?



2. What would be the major methodological orientation for doing research in

Physiological psychology, Social Psychology and Counselling Psychology?

3. Is there any relation between process of socialization and the social learning

theories of personality?

4. In order to have effective communication how far should one learn the body

language and relate it to verbal communication?

Section B

1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each:

1. What is the relation of creativity, artistic aptitude and intelligence?

2. Can you relate the ‘Guna’ theory of personality with any Western model

of personality?

3. What is the difference in the altered state of consciousness through

meditation and hyonotic trance?

4. Can the Cybernetic model of behavior explain problem solving

behavior?

2. In terms of motivational properties how would you rank attitudes and values?

3. Dose the organizational man lead to the alienation in comparison to the

Humanistic man?

4. How does sleep and sensory deprivation affect behavior of individuals who go

for aviation and space flights?

Paper IITime Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300

Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of

the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section.

All questions carry equal marks.Section A

1. Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words):

1. Briefly describe the origin of the measurement of individual differences

and comment on the present status of psychological testing in India.

2. What is group cohesiveness? Discuss the factors affecting group

cohesiveness.

3. Is aptitude testing sufficient for determining the suitability of a person

for a particular job? If not, mention the other tests that should be

applied?

4. Define achievement motivation. Discuss the basic factors on which the

success of a program of increasing individual motivation depends.

2. Describe the prominent symptoms of psychosis and discuss the main points of

difference between psychotic and neurotic reactions.

3. It is said that Indian society is resistant to change. Is it true? If so discuss the

factors responsible for this and suggest measures to combat the same.

4. What is the aim of psychoanalytic therapy? Discuss the significance of free

association and dream analysis in the process of psychoanalytic therapy.



Section B


1. Explain the concept of deprivation. How is it different from

disadvantage?

2. Can stress be totally eliminated? Discuss the main sources of stress in

our society.

3. Describe the verbal and non-verbal modes of communication and

mention their significance.

4. Juvenile delinquency is the outcome of broken homes. Do you agree

with this statement? Give reasons for your answer.

2. Discuss the different sources of development of prejudice in India, What steps

do you suggest for minimizing the effects of prejudice.

3. Mention some of the techniques used in behavior therapy and comment or its

applicability.

4. What is meant by socialization? Comment on the view that school is the best

agent of socialization.

1998

Psychology 1998 Mains Paper ITime Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300

Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of

the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section.



1. Analyse the salient features of a laboratory experimental design.

2. Is person perceiption a critical variable in human interaction? Illustrate

your answer.

3. Delineate the principles involved in programd learning. Is it feasible to

program higher form of learning.

4. How do convergent and divergent thinking differ? Nan it be integrated in

higher form of creative thinking?

2. Analyse the relative contributions of heredity and environment in the

development of human behavior. Illustrate your answer from real life

situations.

3. Do the principles of perceptual organisation point to their inborn nature? Cite

experimental evidences in this context.

4. Can We sustain the statement that much of our behavior is the result of

classical and operant cnditioning?

Section B




1. What specific role does social intelligence play in the management of

people?

2. How do one's values motivate his behavior? Illustrate your answer.

3. Detail the correlates of Rapid Eye Movements (REM) in sleep.

4. Specify the human problems associat3> ed with space flight. Give

experimental evidences.

2. Highlight with examples the strategies of concept formation in children.

3. Do the projective techniques of personality assessment have an edge over

psychometric tests? Cite experimental evidences in this context.

4. Discuss the view that the mechanistic model of man is an oversimplification of

the facts of behavior. Examine the concept of integrated model with a view to

present a balanced picture.

Paper IICandidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any

three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section.



1. Highlight the basic principles of psychodynamic approach in handling

behavior disorders.

2. Show your acquaintance with the components of leadership training.

3. Discuss the uses of psychological testing in selection.

4. Discuss the types of psychosomatic diseases.

2. Discuss the salient features of client-centered therapy.

3. What do you understand by work motivation? Discuss the Maslow's theory of

need hierarchy. How can Maslow's theory be applied in industrial situations?

4. Discuss the types of group at work situations. How can group work be

measured?

Section B


1. Distinguish between juvenile delinquency and crime.

2. Discuss the problems of educating the disadvantaged groups.

3. What are the nature and manifestations of social prejudices?

4. What is achievement motivation? What are the characteristics of an

Indian with high achievement motivation?

2. What is organizational communication? Discuss the various factors of effective

communication in industries.

3. What is stress? Discuss certain methods of stress management.

4. Discuss the social, cultural and economic consequences of the disadvantaged.

How can Psychology help them?

1999



Paper I Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300

Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of

the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All

questions carry equal marks.Section A


1. What is Reminiscene? Discuss this phenomenon in terms of interference

processes.

2. Is it necessary to conceptualize self as a determinant of behavior besides

heredity and environment? Give real life examples to support your

contention.

3. Explain the scanning and the focusing strategies in attainment of

concepts.

4. Give your arguments in support of claiming psychology a science.

2. Why is psychological experiment described as observation under controlled

conditions? Explain, with illustration, the difference between control-groups

and within-subjects designs of experiment.

3. What are perceptual styles? Evaluate attempts to conceptualise them as

personality variables.

4. Describe, in brief, the typical classical and operant conditioning experiments.

Comment on the nature of reinforcement in the two. Are they basically

different?

Section B


1. Which model of man is most suited and relevant to behavior

modification?

2. State and evaluate the Drive-reduction theory of motivation. Has it any

relevance to homeostasis?

3. Discuss the importance of military psychology highlighting the functions

of psychologists in the aviation sphere.

4. Can attitudes be changed? Discuss the factors to be considered in

changing attitudes.

2. Explain the concept of intelligence quotient. Has it outlived its utility for

explaining individual differences? Is the concept of emotional quotient (EQ)

more useful in this regard?

3. Elucidate Freud's conceptualization of human personality. Discuss its

implications for counselling therapy.

4. Elucidate the main features of Skinner's and Chomsky's theory of language

development and indicate their application.



Paper II Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any

three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All

questions carry equal marks.Section A

1. Answer any three of the following each answer should not exceed 200 words:

1. Describe the steps and procedures involved in construction of

psychological tests.

2. Discuss the common characteristics of psychopathic personality.

3. Discuss the techniques of motivating industrial employees with

particular reference to Herzberg's theory of work motivation.

4. Briefly discuss the major theoretical explanations for group formation in

the organization set-up:

2. Describe Beck's cognitive behavior therapy for the treatment of depression.

3. What is social change? Describe the relevant psychological factors that need to

be considered while planning for social change.

4. Discuss the relevance of traditional and modern participative management

techniques in the Indian industry.

Section B


1. Describe the characteristics of a learner, which make learning effective.

2. Discuss the socio-cultural approaches for understanding the origins of

ethnic prejudice and discrimination.

3. Enumerate the methods for improving the effectiveness of upward

communication in the organization.

4. Mention the physical, psychological and behavioral consequences of

stress.

2. Describe the specific socio-cultural deprivation of Tribals of India as a socially

and culturally disadvantage group.

3. Critically evaluate McClelland's ‘achievement motivation theory’ and discuss

its relevance in the Indian context.

4. Discuss the relative effectiveness of mass media in creating social awareness

and social change.

2000

Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300

Instructions

Each question is printed both in Hindi and in English.

The answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate

issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the

space provided for the purpose. No mark will be given for the answers written in a

medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate.

Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE

of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section.



All questions carry equal marksSection ‘A’


1. What is the basic difference between the experimental and correlational

methods of psychology?

2. How do models help in the process of socialization?

3. How can the contributions of heredity and environment be isolated in the

study of human behavior.

4. How can the phenomenon of perceptual defence be demonstrated

experimentally?

2. Explain how operant conditioning be used to establish behavior which is not

spontaneously emitted by an organism.

3. Giving an account of Piagets's theory of cognitive development bring out the

difference in the modes of thinking at different stages of development.

4. What is the theoretical and utilitarian justification of the concepts of aptitude

and intelligence

Section ‘B’


1. How is perception of inanimate objects different from the person

perception?

2. What is the importance of discrimination and generalization in learning?

3. Is national character a valid concept?

4. How experimenter effects and demand characteristics influence the

findings of an experimental study?

2. Illustrate and discuss the salient features of motivated behavior.

3. Critically examine the optimistic conclusions of humanistic theories regarding

human nature and existence.

4. Discuss the problems encountered in the use of verbal statements as the items

of attitude scales.

2000:Paper IITime Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300

Instructions

Each question is printed both in Hindi and in English.

The answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate

issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the

space provided for the purpose. No mark will be given for the answers written in a

medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate.

Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE


All questions carry equal marks.Section ‘A’


1. Briefly describe the classification of psychological discorders.



2. Show your acquaintance with atleast am one theory of group behavior.

3. Show conceptual relationship between social change and organizational

change.

4. How can cognitive therapy help a person develop his cognition?

2. There have been various leadership and management theories and styles.

Which one of them do you consider to be the most suitable in the Indian

condition? Give reasons.

3. Discuss Maslow's theory of need-hierarchy. Can Maslow's theory be applied-to

industries?

4. What is stress? Can you suggest some Indian techniques for stress

management? Elaborate.

Section ‘B’


1. Describe the concept of deprivation.

2. Give your idea about nosological systems of metal disorders.

3. How can you motivate people to achieve?

4. Discuss the impact of television in opinion formation.

2. Highlight the problems of alcoholism and drug addiction. Suggest measures to

fight them.

3. Discuss the psychological theories and contributions of psychology in effective

advertising.

4. What is organizational communication? What will be the form of

organizational communication in the 21st century because of the advent of

information technology?

2001

Paper I Section A


1. Describe the basic assumptions of regression analysis and explain what

happens when these assumptions are violated.

2. Describe the decision rules employed by an individual for maximizing

his gains. Also explain the uses of ROC curves.

3. Explain why is the humanistic perspective called the third force in

psychology.

4. Discuss the role of vicarious reinforcement in social learning and

modelling.

2. Describe the process of emergence of self-concept during late childhood. Citing

suitable illustrations from Indian social milieu explain the impact of child

rearing practices on the emergence of selfconcept.

3. Discuss the characteristic features of perception and bring out the significance

of redundancy and feature detectors in it.



4. Present a critical appraisal of stage versus process models of memory and citing

suitable studies show how elaborative processing and self-generation improve

memory.

Section B


1. Explain the concept of problem space and describe the methods in

solving multi-step problems.

2. Erikson's theory of psycho-social development parallels Piaget's theory

of cognitive development. Elaborate.

3. Is it correct to state that the theoretical conceptualization of achievement

motivation is not adequate enough to describe the economic

development of India?

4. Contemporary research has done much to inform us about the dark

kingdom of sleepwakefulness.

Comment

2. Describe the three-level hierarchical model of cognitive ability as followed in

the fourth revision of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Is it necessary to

administer all subtests of the fourth revision of Stanford-Binet Intelligence

Scale on any one subject? Discuss.

3. Elaborate the statement that James's theory of emotion, followed by its

criticism by Cannon, stimulated a great deal of empirical research while

Lange's theory of emotion influenced the activation theories of emotion.

4. Citing experimental evidences discuss how social learning, social comparison

and genetic factors influence formation of attitudes. Also explain how

trivialisation reduces cognitive dissonance.

Paper II Section A


1. Mention different types of psychological tests and discuss their uses,

misuses and limitations.

2. Discuss the special features of schizophrenia and describe the clinical

picture in schizophrenia.

3. Explain the concept of personality and character development Discuss

the role of value education for personality and character development.

4. Discuss the significance of social support programs. Mention the role of

community psychologist in social change.

2. Describe the nature and vital role of behavior therapy in modern clinical

treatment of mental disorder. Critically evaluate its effectiveness.

3. Human Resource Development is a continuous process to develop human

capabilities and potentialities to achieve personal and organizational goals.

Give your comments.



4. Explain the need of prevention in mental health system. Describe Caplan's

three-fold model of prevention.

Section B

1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words).

1. Discuss some psychological characteristics of socially deprived people

and mention steps to be taken for the upliftment of socially deprived.

2. What is prejudice? Describe the methods for reducing prejudice and

facilitating social integration.

3. Evaluate critically the relative effectiveness of mass media for distance

learning.

4. Describe traumatic reactions to military combat and discuss in detail

psychological factors contributing to stress.

2. Critically evaluate McClefland's achievement motivation theory with reference

to Indian women entrepreneurs.

3. Differentiate the environmental features of single and multiple dwellings.

Describe how residential environment affects social behavior of people.

4. Discuss the psycho-social factors contributing to terrorism in India. Suggest

strategies to eliminate terrorism.

2002

Paper I Section A


1. Attention develops from unfocussed scanning to focussed planfulness.

Discuss giving illustrative examples.

2. Is subliminal perception a myth or a reality? Answer citing relevant

experimental evidence.

3. ‘Psychology is called a science not because of its subject matter but

because of the scientific method used in studying its subject matter.’

Write a detailed explanatory note.

4. Evaluate questionnaire as a tool for collecting data for psychological

research. Offer suggestions for increasing its utility as a research tool.

2. What is observational learning? How does it differ from other forms of

learning? Give three examples to explain its nature.

3. Can human memory be improved? If yes, what techniques would you

recommend? Explain how each technique proposed by you can bring about

improvement in memory.

4. Discuss fully the relative roles of genetic and environmental factors in

determining human behavior. Cite findings of related studies in support of your

answer.

Section B




1. Explain and evaluate the view that hypnosis represents ‘dissociated

experience and dissociated control.’

2. Is aggression an innate tendency or an externally elicited behavior?

Answer with suitable examples to substantiate your view.

3. State and critically evaluate Slobin's cognitive theory of language

development.

4. Describe in detail the Thurstone's method of scale-construction.

2. What is emotional intelligence? Has it revolutionized our knowledge of human

abilities? Describe the method of measuring it.

3. ‘Human behavior is elicited by expectations of desirable outcomes.’ Discuss

this statement to bring out the cognitive aspects of human motivation.

4. Elucidate Rogers ‘concept of a fully functioning person’ Indicate the

importance of self-concept and anxiety in his account of human personality.

Paper II Section A


1. Elucidate the nature of individual differences. Describe the methods of

validity and reliability.

2. Describing the important features of client centered therapy, present the

similarities and differences between psychoanalytic therapy and client

centered therapy.

3. Discuss the various conditions under which the teaching-learning

process occurs. Defining learning styles indicate how knowledge of

learning style of student would contribute to more effective teaching-

learning process.

4. Enumerate the importance of Personnel Selection and Training in

Industries. Describe the more commonly used psychological tests in

personnel selection and evaluation of training effects.

2. Discuss critically the ethical issues involved in the construction and use of

psychological tests.

3. Compare Cognitive Therapies and Behavior Therapies. Present behavior

therapy as a method of treatment for anxiety disorders.

4. Discussing the various program towards prevention of mental disorders in the

society, present in detail the role of psychologists in rehabilitating the mentally

ill persons.

Section B

1. Answer any three of the following: (Each answer should not exceed 200 words)

1. Elucidate the concept of Social Integration. How would you use this

concept in bringing about unity amongst people of different castes,

religion, language and class in India?

2. Trace the developments in the emerging field of sports psychology.



3. Enumerate the important characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior.

Describe the test you would use to identify the entrepreneurial qualities

in a person.

4. What are the important indicators of environmental degradation? What

measures would you suggest to prevent and arrest this degradation?

2. Discuss critically the benefits of distance learning. How would you use

Information Technology and Mass Media for bringing about 100% literacy in

India through distance learning?

3. Critically enunciate the use of psychological counselling in assisting personnel

to adjust to the military life.

4. What are the consequences of population explosions? How can psychologists

help in motivating the public to adopt small family norm?

2003

Paper I Section A


1. In the present modern age there is a wide range of application of

Psychology and consequently the present status of psychology is that of

exporter of knowledge/Discuss the statement highlighting your point of

view.

2. Explain the basic processes involved in remembering and also highlight

the phenomenon which may occur when any one of the basic processes

fails to operate properly.

3. ‘Psychology is a science’ Discuss the statement in the light of its

historical development

4. What can be done to move from correlational inferences to causal

inferences?

2. Differentiate between learning and training. Discuss Pavlovian learning theory

with the help of experimental evidence.

3. What is perceptual organization? Describe its various factors with tine help of

examples.

4. Discuss in detail the influence of child-rearing practices on the growth and

development of an individual.

Section B

1. Answer any three of the following in not. More than 200 words each:

1. Is personality consistent? Give your answer with the support of relevant

studies.

2. ‘’ Motivation is a goal-directed behavior'Discuss the statement

highlighting the steps involved in the process of motivation.

3. What is communication? Describe the processes involved in

communication.



4. Describe the meaning of creativity and discuss the ways for fostering

creative talents.

2. Is intelligence different from aptitude? Discuss Spearman's theory of

intelligence.

3. How attitudes are formed? Discuss its various components.

4. Give a detailed description of computer applications in psychological studies

and research. Cite relevant examples in support of your answer.

Paper II Section A

1. Answer any THREE of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200

words):

1. Leaders in the organizational set up work with different kinds of

strategies than leaders in other fields. Comment

2. Describe the salient tenets of career counselling. Is it different from

vocational guidance?

3. Examine the significance of indigenous therapies like Yoga and

meditation. How effective they are?

4. How would you identify the mentally and socially challenged

individuals? Can they be brought back to the main-stream of life?

2. Discuss the salient features of a psychological test. Identify the process

involved in construction and standardization of a psychological test. What are

the ethical issues involved in the use of a psychological test?

3. Sustaining positive and effective mental health is more dependent on

prevention than cure. Do you agree with this statement? Answer with the help

of a relevant model and highlight the role of quality of life.

4. Evaluate the role of a community psychologist in arousing community

consciousness and action for handling social problem. Give suitable examples

to substantiate your arguments.

Section B

1. Answer any THREE of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200

words):

1. Examine the relevance of sports psychology with reference to Indian

scenario.

2. Identify the true characteristics of an entrepreneur Discuss with

reference to McClellands assumptions.

3. Has the mass media especially the TV played a significant role in

affecting the psyche of people? Give examples to support your answer.

4. Environmental psychology is limited as far as its application is

concerned. Do you agree with this statement? Cite examples to support

your arguments.

2. How does the military psychology bring in a new perspective to the

understanding of human behavior? What is the role of human engineering in

defence?



3. Is it possible to achieve social integration with the help of psychological

principles? How can a psychologist deal effectively with class and caste

conflicts?

4. Define relative deprivation. Draw a program which will facilitate the

motivation and education of the deprived Discuss with some theoretical

assumptions.

2004

Paper I.Section A

1. Answer any three of the following (in not more than 200 words each) 20 × 3 =

60

1. Give an evaluative account of the behavioristic, psychoanalytic and

humanistic perspectives of psychology.

2. Why should psychology be called a science? Justify your answer with

the support of the methodology it adopts to study behavior.

3. How could the knowledge of psychology be usedin developing a

national character? Answer with appropriate examples.

4. Explain the usefulness of ‘interview’ as a method of data collection.

State the precautions that you would take for its effective use.

2. Discuss in detail the critical periods in human development. Give the

suggestions to handle these critical periods effectively in Indian settings. 60

3. How is attention different from perception? Describe the role of various factors

that influence attention. 60

4. Explain the nature of ‘operant conditioning’ Evaluate its various uses in

shaping human behavior. 60

Section B

1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 20 × 3 =

60

1. What are the determinants of intelligence? Support your answer with

research and observational evidences.

2. Explain the use of computers in psychologicalexperiments and tests.

Illustrate with examples.

3. State the trait and type approaches to personality. Is there a

reconciliation in the two in Eysenckian approach?

4. Explain the role of language in communication. Give a brief theoretical

account of language development.

2. Discuss the significance of attitudes, interests and values in human life. Explain

the usefulness of different procedures of attitude measurement. 60

3. State the various psychological explanations of human motivation. Explain in

detail the cognitive approach to motivation and emotion. 60

4. Discuss the nature of problems and problem solving. Illustrate the process of

problem-solving with appropriate examples. 60



Paper-II-2004Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300

Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of

the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section.Section A

1. Write notes on any three of the following (each note should not exceed 200

words): 20 × 3 = 60

1. The role of. Small groups in social action

2. Rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims

3. Any two indigenous therapies

4. Factors influencing positive health and well-being

2. Discuss the managerial implications of motivation theories. State the specific

programs drawn from these theories giving examples of organizations in which

they are applied. 60

3. List the characteristics of psychological tests. Explain the process of

construction of a standardized psychological test with an example of your

choice. 60

4. Describe the various learning styles. How are/can they be used in educational

guidance and counselling? 60

Section B

1. Write notes on any three of the following (each note should not exceed 200

words): 20 × 3 = 60

1. Measure to educate and motivate the disadvan-taged towards

development

2. Human engineering in Defence

3. Consumer rights and Consumer courts-psycho-logical perspective

4. Impact of rapid scientific and technological growth on degradation of

environment

2. Discuss the psychological consequences of recent developments in I. T. 60

3. Explain psychological strategies for handling conflicts and prejudices. Write

about the measures to achieve integration. 60

4. Describe the application of psychological principles in enhancing performance

of sports personnel, with relevant examples. 60

2005

Paper I: Section A

1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 20 × 3 =

60

1. Discuss the factors that jeopardize experimenter's power of scientifically

evaluating the effect of independent variable in carrying out any

research.



2. Amongst the two statistical techniques ANOV A and regression, which

statistical method is superior? Discuss the advantages of regression

statistical technique.

3. What is attention? Discuss factors influencing attention.

4. Citing relevant research study, discuss the significance of modeling in

social learning.

2. Explain in detail the role of Bottom-up and Top-down process in recognition

with the help of suitable examples. 60

3. What is perception? Discuss biological factors in perception. 60

4. Differentiate between applied and fundamental research. Discuss major steps in

psychological researches. 60

Section B

1. Answer any three of the following in not more-than 200 words each: 20 × 3 =

60

1. What is personality? Discuss Freudian approach to personality.

2. Discuss properties and structure of human language.

3. Citing relevant example, describe extra-sensory perception.

4. Discuss different methods for measuring intelligence.

2. Explaining the nature of problem solving, discuss its strategies with the help of

suitable examples. 60

3. Citing experimental studies, discuss cognitive-dissonance theory of attitude

change. 60

4. How are instinct, drive and arousal theories of motivation different from

incentive theory? Describe incentive theory of motivation giving at least three

relevant examples. 60

Paper II Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300

Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE



1. Write short notes on any three of the following (each note should not exceed

200 words): 20 × 3 = 60

1. Personality Disorder.

2. Symptoms and etiology of schizophrenia

3. Psychodynamic therapies

4. Career counselling

2. Discuss the different types of psychological tests. Describe ethical issues

involved in the use of psychological tests. 60

3. Highlight the role of psychologists in rehabilitation of physically, mentally and

socially challenged persons. 60



4. What do you mean by positive health? Suggest some of the important factors

responsible for positive health, well being, life style and quality of life. 60

Section B

1. Write short notes on any three of the following (each note should not exceed

200 words): 20 × 3 = 60

1. Psychological strategies in handling the conflicts and prejudices.

2. Factors responsible for improving performance of sports personnel

3. Importance of Environmental Psychology

4. Human Engineering in Defence

2. Describe the concept of social integration. What are the major problems of

social integration? Explain in detail the measures to achieve social integration.

60

3. What do you mean by women entrepreneurs? What are the important

characteristics of an entrepreneurial behavior? 60

4. What psychological disorders take place due to war? Discuss the importance

ofCounseling in dealing wit War victims. 60

2006

Paper I Section A


1. State the basic differences between a field experiment and a laboratory

experiment especially with regard to the external-internal validity of the

findings.

2. Explain the concept of perceptual organization. What are the processes

which influence it? Support your answer with theoretical constructs.

3. Show how self-efficacy and outcome judgments influence the process of

social learning. Answer with relevant experimental studies

4. Critically examine the notion of life-span development. Determine the

impact of cultural factors on child rearing practices.

2. Is there a conceptual continuity between sensation and perception? Explain the

role of contextual constraints in the inferential nature of the psychological

construct of perception.

3. Describe experimental designs as the strategy to control variance. Present a

classification of experimental designs and specify problems associated with

matched group designs.

4. How far is it correct to state that working memory presents the most complete

description of a multicomponent nature of the Short-term memory? Describe

the components of working memory with suitable examples.

Section B




1. Show how and to what extent emotional intelligence is an amalgamation

of emotional orientation, regulation and control.

2. Present an account of the attributes of the creative thinking and explain

the factors tat impede creativity.

3. Examine the notion of meditation. What are its cognitive implications?

Explain.

4. Critically evaluate the psychosocial theory of personality development.

2. Present a critical appraisal of the cognitive evaluation theory of intrinsic

motivation and describe those studies that bring out that achievement

responsibility, interest and competence are independent of extrinsic motivators.

3. The mand and the tact functions'of language development proposed by Skinner

are not powerful enough to explain why particular utterances are produced at

particular times. Discuss in the context of Chomsky s rebuttal of Skinnerian

theory of language development. Also explain Chomsky's theory of language

development.

4. Trace the common linkages between interests and values. Describe the factor

analytical studies of the structure of interests and values. Also delineate upon

those strategies that ought to be adopted for fostering values in the Indian

socio-cultural milieu.

Paper II Section A

1. Write short notes on any 3 of the following (each note should not exceed 200

words):

1. Rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse.

2. Role of Community Psychology in social change.

3. Training for improving memory and better academic achievement.

4. Advertising and marketing.

2. What do you mean by personnel selection and training? Explain the uses and

importance of psychological tests in the industry.

3. What are the important psychological principles responsible for effective

teaching and learning processes? Discuss in detail as to how Gifted and

Retarded can be trained.

4. Describe the concept of Community Psychology. Explain some of the

important factors responsible for arousing community consciousness and action

plan in handling social problems.

Section B


words):

1. Role of military psychologists in defence.

2. Impact of rapid scientific and technological growth on degradation of

environment.

3. Identify the effective measures for motivating and training people for

entrepreneurship and economic development.



4. Psychological consequences of population explosion and density.

2. What do you mean by psychology of terrorism? Explain some of the important

strategies to deal with terrorism and insurgency.

3. Describe the role of psychologists in the present scenario of information

technology and mass media boom. Suggest some of the important techniques in

making IT more popular in rural areas.

4. Are the concepts of disadvantage, deprivation and social deprivation

synonymous? Suggest some important strategies for educating and motivating

disadvantaged towards development.

2007

Paper I Section A


1. How do psychologists use case study and survey to describe behavior?

Indicate their advantages and disadvantages.

2. What is the impact of multiculturalism and globalisation on

psychological studies? Discuss the question with the help of salient

contemporary trends in psychology.

3. Discuss the role of repression and interference in forgetting.

4. What are the theoretical and practical implications of research on signal

detection and vigilance? Discuss in the light of experimental studies.

2. Define the scales used in psychological measurement and distinguish between

parametric and nonparametric statistics. Illustrate the relative significance of

these statistics by citing relevant research problems.

3. Critically evaluate the efficacy of multi store and multi componential models of

memory in the light of relevant experimental evidence.

4. What do you mean by S-R and S-S conditioning? Discuss the question with the

help of relevant experimental evidences.

Section B


1. How do concepts help problem solving? Discuss the factors which

influence concept formation.

2. Distinguish between aptitude and interest and describe methods of their

measurement.

3. What are the key assumptions of projective tests? Indicate the problems

encountered in determining their reliability and validity.

4. In view of increasing computer-human interface discuss its impact on

human behavior.

2. Do attitudes influence behavior? If yes, when and how? Give your answer in

the light of relevant research studies.

3. What is effective communication? Discuss the role of message and

communicator variables in ensuring effective persuasive communication.



4. The scientific theories of traits have an intuitive appeal because their basic unit

of analysis, personality traits, are very similar to simple nonscientific folk

understandings of personality. Critically evaluate this statement in the light of

theoretical developments in the trait approach of personality.

Paper II Section A


words):

1. Role of community psychologist in social change.

2. Career counseling in the current scenario

3. Assumptions underlying client-centered therapy and their evaluation

4. Rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims

2. Explain the characteristics and types of standardized psychological tests.

Critically comment on their utility and limitations.

3. What are substance abuse disorders? Explain etiological factors underlying

them. Indicate the strategies for rehabilitation of persons suffering from

substance abuse disorders.

4. Evaluate the applications of any two theories of Work Motivation in modern

organizations. State the importance of Participatory Management in Indian

Industry.

Section B


words):

1. Educating and motivating the disadvantaged groups towards

development

2. Psychological strategies for handling prejudice

3. Fostering values through mass media and information technology

4. Applications of psychology in combating terrorism

2. Explain the characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior. How can people be

motivated and trained for entrepreneurship and economic development?

Comment on the utility of such programs.

3. Explain the psychological consequences of population explosion and high

population density. How can we motivate people towards small family norms?

4. Explain the role of Military Psychologist in Defence. Discuss the importance of

Human Engineering in Defence.

2008

Paper I Section A

1. Write Short Notes on any Three of the following (Each one should not exceed

200 words) (20 × 3 = 60)



1. Poverty and level of economic achievement as a social problem can only

be explained from the psychological perspective Comment with relevant

research studies.

2. Bring out the differences in the concepts of growth, maturation and

development in human behavior. Use suitable example in your answers.

3. The level at which an information is processed has a bearing on recall of

that particular information. Discuss in the light of experimental studies.

4. Grounded theory takes a case rather than variable perspective. Elaborate

this statement.

2. Explain Bandura's theory using a suitable social learning task. Extend research

support to your answer (60).

3. Can Item Response theory be called a latent trade theory? Describe the

mathematical functions that are used in this theory and explain the various

models related to the theory (60).

4. Using the procedure of programd learning, how would you conduct ‘anger-

reduction’ training for a group of individuals who have been assessed high on

anger? The training procedure needs to be as per the instructional design model

(60).

Section B

1. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 ×

3 = 60)

1. What is the meant by ‘echoic memory’ How long does this memory last?

Discuss with experimental evidence.

2. Describe the PASS model of intelligence and show the grounds on

which it has challenged the ‘g’ theory.

3. Describe pattern of attribution that are used by persons in supporting

their interaction.

4. Artificial Intelligence and cognitive psychology have a symbolic

relationship. Elaborate this statement.

2. Give a comparative account of ‘Self’ as conceived by Adler and Rogers (60).

3. Describe the phase of language acquisition and show how critical period

hypothesis explains the process of language acquisition (60).

4. Representational knowledge can be investigating neurocognitively through the

studies of amnesia Elaborate this statement (60).

Paper II Section A


200 words) (20 × 3 = 60)

1. Enumerate the methods of assessing validity of a personality inventory

and highlight their significance.

2. Distinguish ‘alcoholism’ from ‘social drinking’ and discuss the factors

contributing to alcoholism.



3. Critically evaluate the research finding relating to the influence of media

on aggression and violence.

4. Discuss the salient features of behavior therapy. Comment on its

applicability to the Indian

Community.

2. Describe the various techniques used in improving memory. Discuss their

merits and demerits for teaching students in undergraduate courses (60).

3. Explain the nature and advantages of client centered therapy. Critically

evaluate its utility in treating various psychological problems (60).

4. Discuss the psychological and cognitive problems of AIDS patients. Explain

the facilities essential for their rehabilitation (60).

Section B


200 words): (20 × 3 = 60)

1. Describe various psychological factors contributing to violence. Suggest

strategies to be used for rehabilitation of the victims.

2. Discuss the psychological effects of noise pollution. Support your

answer with recent research finding.

3. Discuss various rights of consumers. Critically evaluate the effect of

consumer awareness on consumer behavior.

4. How can media contribute to prosocial behavior by applying principle of

psychology.

2. Discuss the role of information technology in the process of formal education.

Critically evaluate its effectiveness for motivating a learner (60).

3. Discuss and critically evaluate the contribution of military psychology in

defence (60).

4. Discuss the contribution of David McClelland in the field of motivation.

Discuss the salient feature of conducive environment for enhancement of

achievement motivation (60).

2009

Section A

1. Answer any THREE of the following in not more than 200 words each: 20 × 3

= 60

1. Perception of size is explained from visual angle perspective. Evaluate

its adequate.

2. The History of psychology show ‘mind-body’ approach as one of the

popular ways of explaining behavior. Discuss how this is being revisited

in modern psychology.



3. With suitable examples distinguish between exploratory type and

confirmatory type factor analysis. How do you examine the significance

level of factors loadings?

4. Distinguish the application of signal detection theory

In the selection process of defense personal. How do you get and interpret ROC

Curve.

2. Answer the following

1. Distinguish between ‘intelligence’ and ‘aptitude’ tests. Lists commonly

measured aptitudes and their tests. 30

2. Prepare an experimental design following Sperling's technique to study

iconic memory. What does the experiment prove? 30

3. What is psychological well being? Discuss various methods in promoting

psychological well being across major stages of the life span. 60

4. Discuss various characteristics of probability learning. Prepare an experimental

design of probability learning following ‘Bernoulli Sequence’ When is the

behavior of the subject labeled as ‘gambler's fallacy’ 60

Section B


= 60

1. Comment on Chomsky's theory of transformational Generative grammar

and discuss its later modifications.

2. Discuss the use (s) of SPSS program in psychological testing.

3. What is non directive thinking? Discuss different dimensions of thoughts

processes in relation to concept and creativity?

4. How is emotional competence assessed? Discuss the efforts of emotion

on behavior. Cite experimental evidence.

2. What are the different stages of sleep? How are these stages assessed

experimentally? Citing relevant research studies discuss the effects of sleep

deprivation on cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions. 60

3. Critically evaluate the relative merits and demerits of psychometric measures of

personality and intelligence. 60

4. Discuss nature, formation and measurement of attitude. Can attitude be

changed? Substantiate your answer citing research finding. 60

Paper II: Section A


= 60

1. You have been asked to establish convergent and discriminant validity of

the Civil Service (Preliminary) Test. How would you do it?

2. Compare gender differences in prevalence of substance abuse in India.

3. Comment on the role of cognitive factors in the experience of stress.



4. What psychological priciples can be used to improve the effectiveness of

poverty eradication programs?

2. Answer the following:

1. What are the methodological differences between a ‘constructed’ and a

‘standardized’ psychological test? 20

2. Comment on the limits of psychotherapeutic methods. 20

3. What are the merits of ‘sensitivity training groups’ as a training

progarmme in organizations? 20


1. Should children with learning disabilities be taught in mainstream

schools? Critically examine. 30

2. What, in your view, are the psychological problems that physically

challenge people are more prone to? 30

4. Discuss the psychological significance of ‘group decision’ How can this be

applied in fostering mental health in a Community? 60

Section B


= 60

1. What are the psychological consequence of crowding?

2. What psychological processes are associated with a self fulfilling

prophecy?

3. As a Psychologist, How would you design a Training progamme for the

defence personal for Operating in low intensity conflicts areas?

4. what psychological principles can be used to protect our environment?


1. Discuss the psychological consequences of ‘prolonged’ as well as

‘relative’ deprivation. 30

2. Evaluate the contribution of psychology in dealing with the issue of

gender discrimination. 30

3. What psychological explanation would you offer for India's failure in reducing

its growth rate significantly? 60

4. What processes create out groups? To What extent can developing super

ordinate goals and norms promote inter-group cooperation and reduce conflicts

between groups? 60

2010

Paper I Section - A 1. Answer the following, each in not more than 100 words:

a. Under what conditions would a researcher prefer to use focused group

discussion over interviewing? 10



b. In what ways does an experimental desgn differ from a quasi-experimental

design ? 10

c. What is REM sleep and how is it related to dreaming ? 10

d. How would you process information for maintaining it for long-term usage ? 10

e. What are the stage of cognitive development according to Piaget ? 10

f. What is sensory adaptation ? Explain with examples . 15

2. (a) Discuss the role of monocular and binocular cues in depth perception. 20

(b) You are the head of an office in which employees habitually come late and leave

early. Suggest a behavior modification plan for such employees. 20

(c) Briefly suggest how well-being of the elderly can be promoted. 10

(d) Comment on the impact of immediate and delayed reinforment on learning. 10

3. (a) What are the broblems a researcher is likely to face in making causal inferences

if the researcher were to use a single - group pre-test-post-test design ? 30

(b) How can biological aging be modified with the help of enviromental factors ? 30

4. (a) How do task similarity and modality influence dual-task performance ? 30

(b) Discuss the levels of processing framework of memory and the relevant supporting

research evidence. 30

Paper I Section-B 5. Answer the following, each in not more than 100 words:

(a) Discuss the constituents of emotional intelligence. 10

(b) Discuss the stages of psychosexual development according to Freud. 10

(c) Distinguish between IQ and deviation IQ. 10

(d) Explain anterograde amnesia with special reference to the classical case of HM. 10

(e) Discuss the role of heuristics in reasoning. 10

(f) What is likely to happen if a person is asked to behave in a manner contrary to the

attitude the person holds ? Explain on the basis of a theory. 10

6. (a) What are the 'big' five' personality factors? Critically examine their conceptual

basis. 30

(b) Khap Panchayats have been in the news recentaly because of their opposition to

same-'gotra' marriages . What psychological constructs would explain their behavior ?

30

7. (a) Discuss the concept of N Ach and different methods which have been used to

measure it. 30

(b) Comapre Chomsky's innate mechanism view with Skinner's view of language

development. 30

8. (a) Critically asses Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence. 30

(b) Discuss the role of cognition in experiencing emotion in the light of experience

studies. 30

Paper II Section - A 1. Answer any three of the following. (Each answer should not exceed 200 words):

20×3=60

(a) Discuss the application of psychological tests in the selection of creative students.

Elucidate their limitations.

(b) In which way, the eastern traditional wisdom has contributed to dealing with

psychological illesses ?



(c) Evaluate the applications of equity theory and Porter- Lawler's theory in modern

organizations.

(d) Discuss the role of social agencies in rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims.

2. (a) Enumerate the different types of phobias encountered in clinical practice.

Explain the application of behavior therapy in handling these phobic disorders. 30

(b) Explain the role of case study in understanding the learning disabilities in school

children. Prepare a proforma for the case study of a dyslexic child. 30

3. (a) Discuss critically the relevance of community psychology in India for the

eradication of superstitions. 30

(b) Discuss the challenges encountered by the guidance and counselling movement in

Inda. 30

4. 'In diagnosis,treatment and prognosis, it is more important to know which person

has the disease rather than the disease he has'. Express your agreement or otherwise

with the statement with justifications and discuss its implications for Psychotherapy.

60

Paper II Section B 5. Answer any three of the following. (Each answer should not exceed 200 words):

20×3=60

(a) Analyse the motivational deficits in the disadvantaged and the deprived groups.

Suggest remedial remedial measures for overcoming these deficits.

(b) Is gender difference dichotomous or does it constitute a continuum ? Explain in

the light of research on masculinity- feminity.

(c) How can psychologists help sports persons in enhancing their performance on the

field ?

(d) Comment on the effectiveness of training programs for developing

entrepreneurship and achievement motivation.

6. (a) What is Intergroup- contact' hypothesis ? Discuss its implications and

limitations in reducing prejudices. 30

(b) Critically examine distance education in the light of mass media and in formation

technology. Comment on the role of psychologists in this regard. 30

7. (a) Discuss the psychological consequences of recent developments in Information

Technology with special reference to cognitive and social development. 30

(b) 'Terroism begins in the minds of young people and it is in their mind that lasting

solutions to the problem is to be sought'. Comment on this statement and suggest the

remedial measures. 30

8. (a) 'Prejudice is a consequence of socialisation and learning '. Discuss this statement

and suggest measures to reduce prejudices in the Indian context. 30

(b) State the salient faetures of the Man-Environment relationship. Discuss their

implications for architects in designing built-environment. 30

2011

Paper I Section - A 1. Answer the following, each in not more than 100 words: 10 x 6 = 60



(a) Describe the key assumptions on which psychology claims to be a science.

(b) Suggest a plan of an experimental study to evaluate the effect of compensatory

education on academic achievement of school- going students from low income

group.

(c) On what grounds are STM and LTM distinguished?

(d) How the principles of encoding help enhancing the use of mnemonic devices?

(e) Distinguish between negative reinforcement and punishment. Indicate the

limitations of punishment in the context of learning.

(f) What do illusions tell about the nature of perception?

2. (a) What is social constructionism? How does it challenge the mainstream

psychology? 20

(b) Discuss the consequences of learned helplessness as demonstrated in classic

experiment on dogs. Find out its parallels in real life. 20

(c) How does the brain mediate between the genotype and the phenotype for

psychological characteristics? 10

(d) Contrast bottom-up and top-down theories of perception. 10

3. (a) How does signal – detection theory envisage the decision process? In what other

areas of psychology can it be applied? 30

(b) How does level of processing model differ from multistore and working memory

models? Explain. 30

4. (a) Critically evaluate the role of parenting style, peer group and media in identity

formation during adolescence. 30

(b) Examine the concerns for control, measurement and artifacts, and also indicate the

threats they pose to the development of scientific psychology. 30

Paper I Section –B 5. Answer the following, each in not more than 100 words: 10 x 6 = 60

a. Differentiate between inductive and deductive reasoning, and give reasons for

the preference of scientist towards inductive reasoning.

b. How does arousal theory explain human motivation?

c. What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? Explain with

the help of examples.

d. How is the information we hold about ourselves organized and interpreted?

e. Compare the model of fluid and crystallized intelligence with the two factor

theory of Spearman.

f. What are the functions of emotions?

6. (a) What are the criteria to identify creativity? How can a teacher promote

creativity in the classroom setting? 30

(b) Describe and evaluate the model of intelligence proposed by J.P. Das. 30

7. (a) How does language differ from other forms of communication? Referring to

relevant studies, document children’s progress from non–verbal communication to the

use of language . 30

(b) Compare the Indian and western constructions of ‘Self’ with reference to cross –

cultural studies and bring out their implication for well – being. 30



8. (a) Elaborate upon the salient developments in consciousness studies and indicate

the effect of ‘meditation’ on psychological functions. 30

(b) Describe different psychological measures of values and outline a program for

fostering values. among school- going children. 30

Paper II: Section-A 1. Answer the following questions. Each answer must not exceed 200 words :

20x3=60

a. Discuss the process of selection of 'gifted children' on the basis of

psychological tests. Make recommendations for their proper schooling.

b. Critically evaluate internal consistency and stability coefficients as indices of

reliability.

c. Explain delusional disorders and highlight their distinguishing features.

2. (a) Discuss the various aspects subjective well-being as propounded by positive

psychology movement. 30

(b) Critically evaluate the effectiveness of Beck's cognitive behavior therapy in

treatment of different types of depressions. 30

3. (a) Explain paranoid and schizoid personality disorders. 30

(b) Compare procedural and distributive justice, and present their effect on employees

' motivation. 30

4. (a) Explain person-centred therapy and state its limitation with suitable examples.

30

(b) Differentiate between- managerial effectiveness. and efficiency, and discuss the

factors influencing them. 30

Paper II Section –B 5. Answer the following question. Each answer should not exceed 200 words. : 20 x 3

= 60

a. Provide comparison between transformational and transactional leadership for

their relevance to Indian organizations.

b. Discuss the efficacy of biofeedback therapy in the. management of mental

health.

c. Bring out the need of value education in personality development of students

during schooling.

6. (a) What are the techniques and devices used in improving memory to ensure better

academic achievements? Discuss. 30

(b) Clarify the relationship between stereotypes and prejudices, and examine their

impact on social integration. 30

7. (a) Detail out the relationship between information technology, mass media and

their psychological consequences with suitable examples. 30

(b) Can deprivation be a source of motivation? Discuss the psychological measures

relevant to deal with the negative consequences of prolonged deprivation. 30



8. (a) Examine the role of ‘mental-plus-muscle’ practices in training of athletes. 30

(b) Discuss the challenges of managing gender biases in Indian society. 30

2012

Paper 1 Section A Q1 12 marks 150 WORDS

1. Elucidate the contribution of Sir Francis Galton in shaping psychology

2. Discuss the criteria of question writing in a survey research

3. Bring out the differences between sampling error and error in sampling. How

sampling error is

4. Describe the role of epigenetic model in determining human behavior

5. Discuss the payoff matrix in relation to signal detection theory

Q2 20 marks, 250 words

1. discuss the three basic conditions for using t-test of significance. Describe at

least five different uses of t-test, with examples.

2. Compare the Sterling’s experiments with that of Neisser’s experiments in the

study of sensory memory. What did this to experiments prove?

3. with suitable examples, critically evaluate both primary and secondary

reinforcements and bring out their role in establishing conditioning

Q3 30 marks 400 words

1. In which way IRT is an improvement over classical tests clearly? Compare the

two approaches and critically evaluate Rasch’s model of IRT

2. describe Broadbent’s filter theory of attention. Why this elegant theory turned

out to be inadequate? Comment upon the alternate approaches

Q4 20 marks, 250 words

1. what is McCrary Hunter invariance hypothesis? Discuss the shape and

characteristics of serial position error curve in terms of invariance hypothesis.

2. Evaluate duplicity theory of vision. Cite experimental evidences in support of

the theory.

3. examine the impact of cultural factors on socialising process among children

Psychology Paper 1 Section B Q5 12 marks 150 words



1. Discuss various dimensions of thought process in relation to concept.

2. is facial expression of emotion innate or acquired? support your answer with

suitable evidence

3. discuss the modification of Chomsky’s transformational generative grammar

4. compare LISREL program with that of SPASS in the analysis of multivariate

data

5. Evaluate various factors which influence intrinsic motivation


1. compare multifactor theory of intelligence with that of multiple intelligences

2. Enumberate different stages of sleep. discuss the effects of sleep deprivation

Enumerate various methods of problem-solving. critically evaluate their

advantages and limitations.


1. what is the essence of projective technique? Critically evaluate perceptive,

appreciative and productive projective tests in the measurement of personality

2. discuss A-B-C , opponents of attitudes. Describe the procedure of development

of a tool for measurement of attitude

Q8 20 words, 250 marks

1. what is meant by effective communication? Evaluate various sources of

effective communication

2. critically evaluate the relation between intelligence and creativity. Cite

experimental evidences in support of your answer

3. how would you measure emotion of an individual? Discuss the effect of

emotion on behavior

Paper II Section A Q1. 12 marks, 150 words

1. What do you understand by personality disorders? Distinguish between

schizoid personality disorder and schizophrenia

2. Comment on the present practices related to educational guidance and

counselling programs in indian schools and colleges. Highlight the problems in

implementing and strengthening these programs in indian context

3. Critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of psychodynamic therapies in

the treatment of mental disorders.

4. Discuss how the major role of rehabilitation psychologists is primarily as a

facilitator of adjusting behavior rather than as a symptom eradicator



5. Discuss the merits of the role of small groups in social action and community

handling of social problem’s


1. Explain the characteristics of standardised psychological tests. Discuss the

major steps in developing self-report personality inventory. Illustrate your

answer with suitable examples

2. Discuss different learning disabilities and their educational and psychological

consequences. Suggest relevant remedial measures in this context.


1. Explain the assumptions underlying cognitive therapy. Critically comment on

its utility in the treatment of mental disorders

2. Identify the physical and psychological consequences of being the victim of

violence. Explain the nature of counselling and rehabilitation services a

psychologist can render to the victim of violence

3. Define the notion of environmental pollution. How would you explain the

impact of scientific and technological innovation on environmental degradation

from psychological perspective.


1. defined learned helplessness. How can this concept be used to explain

depressive disorders?

2. Explain the model of sensitivity training. Relate them to organisational

development

3. explaining Vroom’s expectancy theory of work motivation and link this theory

with variable pay programs

Paper II Section B Q5 12 marks 150 words

1. Canon achievement motivation be included as a base of training for economic

growth and development of a country? Discuss the contribution of Mcclelland

and his team in this context

2. justify with examples of the insights derived from studies on intergroup contact

hypothesis would be useful in promoting harmonious relationship among

different castes and in maintaining social order

3. What are the causes of domestic violence? How is the belief in a just world

used to rationalise this violence?



4. Explain the concept of team cohesiveness in the context of sports. How can

teamwork be improved through the application of sports psychology?

5. Discuss the components of gender sensitivity training. Indicate its importance

in the context of management of workforce diversity.


1. What are the psychological components of advertising and marketing? Identify

and discuss the relevant ethical considerations.

2. Explain the consequences of short-term and long-term exposure to noise. How

does noise affect our social behavior? Cite the impact of crowding in this

context


1. Explain the psychological consequences of being a part of socially

disadvantaged groups especially with reference to self-concept, identity,

motivation and achievement. Give examples from Indian context

2. Distinguish between prejudice and discrimination. Explain the variable

moderating the manifestation of prejudice into overt behavior.

3. What is glass ceiling effect? Explain the casual factors underlying it. What

remedy in steps can be taken by the employing organizations to minimise the

glass ceiling effect?


1. Discuss critically the utility of IT and mass media in the context of distance

learning. Throw light on the strengths and limitations of distance learning

2. Explaine the psychological factors and mates that demotivate people from

following small family norms. Suggest relevant motivational strategies in this

context

3. what is man machine system in the context of human engineering? Highlight

the application of human engineering in defence with reference to equipment

design.


Documents

UPSC Psychology (Mains) Last 34 Years Papers by Mrunal