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The Royal Marsden
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Upper GI cancers: How can we do better? 11.30am – 12.15pm
Dr David Watkins
Consultant Medical Oncologist
The Royal Marsden
?
The Royal Marsden
Enter Question Text
1. Nuggets (McDonald’s
Chicken)
2. Cakes
3. Milk
4. Water
Nuggets
(McD
onald’s
Chi...
Cakes
Milk
Wate
r
0% 0%0%0%
Chemotherapy/
Immunotherapy (systemic therapy)
Radiotherapy (locoregional therapy)
Surgery (local therapy)
Multi-modality Cancer Management
Source: cruk.org/cancerstats
40 Years of Progress?
Age-Standardised 10-Year Net Survival, Adults, England and Wales
Change in survival 1971-2 2010-11
• Since the 1970’s, there has
been little improvement in
the 10 year survival
outcomes for patients with
upper GI malignancies…
Early Detection
Rapid Diagnosis
Psychological
Care
Prevention
Multi-modality Cancer Management
Incidence and deaths related to LGI and UGI cancers. CRUK data for 2014
The Burden of Upper GI Cancers
Pancreatic Cancer – on the rise • Pancreatic cancer UK incidence rates increased by 15% between 1993-1995
and 2013-2015
CRUK data: Male & Female European age-standardised (AS) incidence rate
Hepatocellular Cancer - on the rise • Since the early 1990s, liver cancer incidence rates have increased by 151%.
CRUK data: Male & Female European age-standardised (AS) incidence rate
Oesophageal Cancer – on the rise
World Health Organization. Mortality database 1CRUK
• The UK mortality rate is the highest in Europe for both males and females.1
The Royal Marsden
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of cancer in the UK. What is the second leading cause of preventable cancers in the UK?
1. Red meat
consumption
2. Obesity
3. Diesel fumes
4. Viral infections
Red meat c
onsum
ption
Obesity
Diese
l fum
es
Viral in
fect
ions
0% 0%0%0%
How Can We Do Better?
• Prevention • Stop WHSmith offering chocolate at the checkout &
other Public Health measures
• Change of Government
How Can We Do Better?
• Prevention • Stop WHSmith offering chocolate at the checkout &
other Public Health measures
• Change of Government
How Can We Do Better?
• Prevention • Stop WHSmith offering chocolate at the checkout &
other Public Health measures
• Change of Government
• Earlier identification
• Improved diagnostic pathways / processes
The Challenge of Upper GI Cancers Cancers diagnosed annually via emergency presentation (London average 2006-13)
The Challenge of Upper GI Cancers Cancers diagnosed annually via emergency presentation (London average 2006-13)
1521 Upper GI / MUO pathway
The Challenge of Upper GI Cancers
How delays influence outcome
Performance status is an assessment of a cancer patients' general well-being and activity Karnofsky scoring
100 - Normal; no complaints; no evidence of disease.
90 - Able to carry on normal activity; minor signs or symptoms of disease.
80 - Normal activity with effort; some signs or symptoms of disease.
70 - Cares for self; unable to carry on normal activity or to do active work.
60 - Requires occasional assistance, but is able to care for most of his personal needs.
50 - Requires considerable assistance and frequent medical care.
40 - Disabled; requires special care and assistance.
30 - Severely disabled; hospital admission is indicated although death not imminent.
20 - Very sick; hospital admission necessary; active supportive treatment necessary.
10 - Moribund; fatal processes progressing rapidly.
0 – Dead
Nab-paclitaxel 8.5 mths
Gemcitabine 6.7 mths
2013
Nab-paclitaxel 8.5 mths
Gemcitabine 6.7 mths
Patient
Subgroups
nab-P + Gem Gem
Median OS,
months
Median OS,
months
KPS
70
80
90
100
3.9
8.1
8.9
12.6
2.8
5.6
7.1
10.9
Delays can influence outcome
100 - Normal; no complaints; no evidence of disease.
90 - Able to carry on normal activity; minor signs or symptoms of disease.
80 - Normal activity with effort; some signs or symptoms of disease.
70 - Cares for self; unable to carry on normal activity or to do active work.
60 - Requires occasional assistance, but is able to care for most of his
personal needs.
50 - Requires considerable assistance and frequent medical care.
40 - Disabled; requires special care and assistance.
30 - Severely disabled; hospital admission is indicated although death not
imminent.
20 - Very sick; hospital admission necessary; active supportive treatment
necessary.
10 - Moribund; fatal processes progressing rapidly.
0 – Dead
DELAY
ED
PR
ESEN
TAT
ION
Case 1
72yr gentleman • Oct 15 – GP referral to A&E
- Diabetic ketoacidosis, weight loss & altered bowel habit
Case 1 72yr gentleman
• Oct 15 – GP referral to A&E
- Diabetic ketoacidosis, weight loss & altered bowel habit
- Commenced insulin treatment
- CT-TAP requested for investigation of weight loss &
change in bowel habit
• Nov 15 - CT shows a high probability of mid rectal tumour
and dilated pancreatic duct but no obvious abnormality.
- Colonoscopy: large 3cm pedunculated polyp in the mid
rectum resected. Histology = tubulovillous adenoma.
• Feb 16: Repeat sigmoidoscopy showed no reoccurrence
• May 16: Care handed over to gastro for investigation of
ongoing weight loss & loose bowels. Rpt CT-TAP
Case 1 72yr gentleman
• Oct 15 – GP referral to A&E
- Diabetic ketoacidosis, weight loose & altered bowel habit
• Nov 15 - CT shows a high probability of mid rectal tumour
and dilated pancreatic duct but no obvious abnormality.
- Colorectal diagnostic pathway
• May 16 – Referred onto Upper GI Pathway
- CT shows locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Biopsy
confirmed adenocarcinoma
• June 16 – Review in oncology clinic
- Karnofsky PS 60-70
- Abdominal pain
- Depression } Borderline suitable for treatment
6 /12 loss in potential OS outcome
The Royal Marsden
How would you manage this patient?
1. Direct assess OGD
2. US / CT Pancreas
3. Lower GI TWR referral
4. Upper GI TWR referral
5. Other
1. Dire
ct as
sess
OGD
2. US /
CT P
ancreas
3. Low
er GI T
WR re
ferra
l
4. Upper G
I TW
R refe
rral
5. Oth
er
0% 0% 0%0%0%
Case 2 71yr gentleman
• July 16 - Weight loss & abdominal discomfort
- No change in bowels
- Bloods unremarkable
- PMH: Hypertension – on amlodipine
Case 2 71yr gentleman
• July 16 - Weight loss & abdominal discomfort
- No change in bowels
- Bloods unremarkable
- PMH: Hypertension – on amlodipine
• July 16 - OGD > NAD
• Sept 16 - UGI TWR Clinic
• Oct 16 - Colonoscopy > NAD
• Oct 16 - CT-TAP suspected pancreatic cancer
• Nov 16 - Biopsy confirmed advanced pancreatic cancer
4 month shortening of potential survival…
TWR Pathway Ping Pong
TWR Pathway Ping Pong
TWR Pathway Ping Pong
How MDCs could improve early cancer diagnosis
Edmund Fuller et al. Br J Gen Pract 2016;66:176-177
©2016 by British Journal of General Practice
The UGI TWR TAC Pathway 1. GP referral received
2. Telephone consultation with PA.
The UGI TWR TAC Pathway 1. GP referral received
2. Telephone consultation with PA. Electronic Record
Implimenting the TAC system for UGI
Epsom Mean/Median Days
St Helier Mean/Median Days
EStH post TAC Mean/Median Days
Number of patients
103 59 484
Triage 2.3 / 2 2.7 / 2 1.9 / 1
OGD 14.8 / 11.5 17.5 / 13 13.6 / 12
Colonoscopy 36 / 36 35.4 / 36 27.3 / 21
CT 25.2 / 22 25 / 21 16.3 / 13
MDT Discussion 26.8 / 22.5 21 / 19 16 / 17
• Earlier use of consistent telephone triage & capture of structured clinical history
– Reduced time to tailored investigations
– Reduced burden on outpatient clinics
– Improved documentation for MDT & referrals
– UGI and LGI TWR triage now aligned!
Minimizing Pathway Ping Pong…..
Benefits of TAC over Traditional UGI TWR
TWR Pathways – Systems Approach
Optimise GP referrals • TWR form design
• Co-operation / communication
Seamless transition 1o >2o >3o
• Patient journey / flow (repeating info)
• Records / notes
• Imaging / results
Patient assessment • Robust triage
• Urgent symptom guided Ix (not guess work)
Resource efficient processes • Automated electronic communications
• Data collection to allow audit/research
• Standardised & readily transferable
Primary Care
Secondary Care
Cancer Centre
Information flow
