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Tighter Engineering International Pty LtdLot 31 Old Hume Highway
Alpine NSW 2!
AustraliaTel" #1$2$%&&'$%#&' (a)* #1$2$%&&'$%!2
DRIVING TEST SHOULD BE MADE ON SITE TO ESTABLISH THE TRUE PERFORMANCE OF AN
The following sheets perform calculations to determine the ultimate resistance (i.e. failure load) of vari
The calcualtions are based on the theory presented by Meyerhoff and Adams (eference Meyerhoff !
$The ultimate uplift capacity of foundations$ %anadian !eotechnical #ournal &ol ' o. ov *+,- pp
The 01*232 and 42 anchors have been modelled as rectangular anchors having e5uivalent bearing
The 4,2 and 4**2 anchors have been modelled as circular anchors of e5uivalent bearing area
6n the calculation sheets you can change the soil properties of density7 friction angle and cohesion in
9lots are presented on separate sheets for : clay soils soft7 firm and stiff with cohesions of 27 '2 an
loose7 meduim dense and dense sands7 as well as for an intermediate soil with a cohesion of 2 ;9a
!ary %hapman nd. ovember 22
E$mail wal+had,primu-"+om"au
THE SOIL PROPERTIES USED IN THESE CALCULATIONS ARE TYPICAL FOR THE SOIL TYPESTHEREFORE, THESE CALCULATIONS DO NOT ACCURATELY REPRESENT SPECIFIC SIGHT C
THESE CALCULATIONS REPRESENT THE CALCULATED UPLIFT CAPACITY OF ANCHORS INSVERTICAL OR SEMI-VERTICAL DIRESTION ONLY
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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HORS
ous sized TEI anchors
.! " Adams #.I.
'/)
areas
the yellow bo8es7 as well as the anchor dimensions
*22 ;9a7 and for
nd a friction angle of 2 degrees
LISTEDNDITIONS
ALLED IN A
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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* *.' .' : :.' .' ' '.' ,
2.22
'.22
*2.22
*'.22
2.22
'.22
:2.22
SH10/20Ancho G!o"!chn#c$% R!&"$nc!
0oft%lay
ense0and
>ense0and
D!'"h ()*
U % " # ) $ " ! P + % % O + " L o $ , ( - N *
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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TEI E$"h Ancho C$%c+%$"#on&
Ancho SH10/20
Meyerhof and Adams 0hallow rectangular>eep rectangular
L
01*232 length ? *:' mm width ?
%lays / @ ? 27 density ? *-
2 '2 *22
C%$. &o#% friction angle @ ? 2 ;9a ;9a ;9a
D!'"h H H/B %#)#"#n
()* H/B (N* BLc
*. :.2 ,.2-
2cH(B 3 L*2.' *2.22 .22 2.2, 2. *.-' :.2
* 2.22 .22 2.* 2. *.-' :.2
*.' :2.22 .22 2.*- 2. *.-' :.2
2.22 .22 2. 2. *.-' :.2
.' '2.22 .22 2.:2 2. *.-' :.2
: ,2.22 .22 2.:, 2. *.-' :.2
:.' 2.22 .22 2.: 2. *.-' :.2
-2.22 .22 2.+ 2. *.-' :.2
.' +2.22 .22 2.'' 2. *.-' :.2
' *22.22 .22 2.,* 2. *.-' :.2'.' **2.22 .22 2., 2. *.-' :.2
, *2.22 .22 2.: 2. *.-' :.2
S$n. c%$. &o#%
friction angle @ ? 2 degrees >ensity ? *-
undrained shear strength c ? 2 ;9a
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H
()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
2.' :.2 .' 2.*: *.* 2.::' 2.*+
* .* .' 2., *.* 2.::' 2.-*.' **.** .' 2.:+ *.* 2.::' 2.,
*.-* .' 2.' *.* 2.::' *.2'
.' *-.' .' 2., *.* 2.::' *.:
: . .' 2. *.* 2.::' *.,
:.' '.+: .' 2.+2 *.* 2.::' *.+*
+.,: .' *.2: *.* 2.::' .2
.' ::.:: .' *.*, *.* 2.::' .-
' :.2 .' *.+ *.* 2.::' .
'.' 2. .' *. *.* 2.::' :.2,
, . .' *.'' *.* 2.::' :.:
Loo&! &$nfriction angle @ ? :2 degrees >ensity ? *
soft 0u ? 2 firm 0
u ? '2 stiff 0
u ? *22
c ? 0u
;3m:
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
;3m:
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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2.'
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H
()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
2.' :.2 2.* *.', 2.' 2.:2
* .* 2. *.,2 2.' 2.+'*.' **.** 2.: *.,2 2.' *.,2
*.-* 2.+ *.,2 2.' .'
.' *-.' 2.,* *.,2 2.' .+2
: . 2.: *.,2 2.' :.'
:.' '.+: 2.-' *.,2 2.' .*+
+.,: 2.+ *.,2 2.' .-
.' ::.:: *.*2 *.,2 2.' '.+
' :.2 *. *.,2 2.' ,.*
'.' 2. *.: *.,2 2.' ,.+
, . *., *.,2 2.' .
M!#+) !n&! &$nfriction angle @ ? :' degrees >ensity ? *-
2.,:',
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H
()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
2.' :.2 ' 2.*: *.+: 2.' 2.:
* .* ' 2., .' 2.,' *.+
*.' **.** ' 2.:+ .' 2.,' .,*
*.-* ' 2.' .' 2.,' :.
.' *-.' ' 2., .' 2.,' .-,
: . ' 2. .' 2.,' '.++:.' '.+: ' 2.+2 .' 2.,' .**
+.,: ' *.2: .' 2.,' -.
.' ::.:: ' *.*, .' 2.,' +.:,
' :.2 ' *.+ .' 2.,' *2.+
'.' 2. ' *. .' 2.,' **.,*
, . ' *.'' .' 2.,' *.
D!n&! &$n
friction angle @ ? 2 degrees >ensity ? *+
2.:'*:+
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
2.' :.2 2.* .:2 2.' 2.:+
* .* 2. :.'+ 2.+' .*
*.' **.** 2.* .' 2.+' '.2'
*.-* 2.' .' 2.+' .'*
.' *-.' 2.,- .' 2.+' +.+
: . 2.- .' 2.+' *.
:.' '.+: 2.+' .' 2.+' *.--
+.,: *.2+ .' 2.+' *.:
.' ::.:: *. .' 2.+' *+.-2
' :.2 *.:, .' 2.+' .,'.' 2. *.'2 .' 2.+' .*
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
;3m:
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
;3m:
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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, . *.,: .' 2.+' .*
S+))$.
01*232 %A=%D=ATE> A%16 %A9A%IT (;)
SOIL TYPE
2.' 2.-2 *.+* :., .* 2. 2.'2
* 2.-, *.+ :.- .'- *.*+ *.'
*.' 2.+ .2: :.-- :.22 *.+, :.22
2.+- .2+ :.+ :. .: .'
.' *.2 .*' .22 :.-: :.'2 '.'*
: *.*2 .* .2, .' . ,.,
:.' *.* .- .*: .,, '.2' -.2*
*. .: .*+ '.2- '.- +.
.' *. .2 .' '.+ ,.'+ *2.'
' *. ., .:* '.+* .:, **.-
'.' *. .' .: ,.: -.*: *:.2:
, *. .'- .: ,. -.+2 *.-
>epth(m) 0oft
%layense0and
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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B
'2 mm @ 13C
2 *
*2 *.'
2 .'
' :
:2
:' '
2
050 11 678 ' +
058 17 652 - **
02 206 655
05 20 69
109 21: 900
110 221 908
117 225 916
122 269 91
122 290 92:
122 298 961122 2:2 967
122 2:5 996
*.* m ? 2.2'
2.,'+-
(N*
*.-' 217
*.-' 2:5*.-' 600
*.-' 692
*.-' 656
*.-' 92:
*.-' 988
*.-' :05
*.-' :9
*.-' :1
*.-' 862
*.-' 879
*., m ? 2.*'
Tu ? c>(C B =) B g>
(0f C B = / C)4utan@ B FT
u ? c1(C B =) B g(> / 1)(0
f C B = / C)14
utan@ B F
0f? * B m13C or *B m>3C
;3m:
0f ma8 ?
T+
0f ma8 ?
,
-
*2
*
f(8) ? 2.+,*2+-
L # ) # " # n H / B
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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(N*
092
1118
276
6:0
927
:0:
:52
8:
768
516
50
.' m ? 2.'
(N*
0:0
17:
600
92:
::1
878501
27
10:2
1175
1606
1925
.' m ? 2.:'
(N*
0:2
29:
:98
50:
108:
1629
1:56
1596
2102
26822821
T+
0f ma8 ?
T+
0f ma8 ?
T+
2 *2 2
2
F#c"#on A
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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2550
2.'
.'
'.,
-.2'
*2.,'
*:.
*'.-:
*-.:
*.2
:.,
,.*
-.-2
>ense0and
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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m
2 *
2.2' *.2,
2.2' *.*
2.* *.:
2.*' *.,
2.' .'
2.:' .'
2.' '.'
2., .,
Ma8 0f
8p( 2.2'22+* 8 )
13C
E8ponential (13C)
m
Ma8 0f
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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:2 2 '2
%! ;
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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* *.' .' : :.' .' ' '.' ,
2.22
*2.22
2.22
:2.22
2.22
'2.22
,2.22
2.22
-2.22
ense
0and
D!'"h ()*
U % " # ) $ " ! P + % % O + " L o $ , ( - N *
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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TEI E$"h Ancho C$%c+%$"#on&
Ancho eep rectangular
L
42 length? , mm width ?
%lays / @ ? 27 density ? *-
2 '2 *22
C%$. &o#% friction angle @ ? 2 ;9a ;9a ;9a
D!'"h H H/B %#)#"#n
()* H/B (N* BLc
:.* .+: *'.-2cH(B 3 L*
2.' ,.* .22 2.*, *.+2 . +.-
* *.- .22 2.: *.+2 . +.-
*.' *+.: .22 2.- *.+2 . +.-
'., .22 2.,: *.+2 . +.-
.' :.2' .22 2.+ *.+2 . +.-
: :-., .22 2.+' *.+2 . +.-
:.' .- .22 *.** *.+2 . +.-
'*.- .22 *. *.+2 . +.-
.' '.,+ .22 *.: *.+2 . +.-
' ,.*2 .22 *.'+ *.+2 . +.-
'.' 2.'* .22 *.' *.+2 . +.-, ,.+ .22 *.+2 *.+2 . +.-
S$n. c%$. &o#%
friction angle @ ? 2 degrees >ensity ? *-
undrained shear strength c? 2 ;9a
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H
()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
2.' .* .' 2.:, *.** 2.' 2.:'
* . .' 2. *.* 2.',' *.*:
*.' ,., .' *.2- *.* 2.',' *.+* -.-' .' *. *.* 2.',' .2
.' **.2, .' *.-* *.* 2.',' :.+
: *:. .' .* *.* 2.',' .
:.' *'.+ .' .': *.* 2.',' '.2,
*.2 .' .-+ *.* 2.',' '.-
.' *+.+* .' :.' *.* 2.',' ,.,:
' .* .' :.,* *.* 2.',' .
'.' .: .' :.+ *.* 2.',' -.2
, ,.'' .' .:: *.* 2.',' -.++
Loo&! &$n
friction angle @ ? :2 degrees >ensity ? *
soft 0u ? 2 firm 0
u ? '2 stiff 0
u ? *22
c ? 0u
;3m:
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
;3m:
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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2.'
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H
()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
2.' .* 2.: *.:: 2.' 2.
* . 2.,- *.,2 2.+2 *.+:*.' ,., *.2 *.,2 2.+2 :.2
-.-' *.:, *.,2 2.+2 '.,
.' **.2, *.2 *.,2 2.+2 .
: *:. .2' *.,2 2.+2 -.++
:.' *'.+ .:+ *.,2 2.+2 *2.'
*.2 .: *.,2 2.+2 *.'
.' *+.+* :.2 *.,2 2.+2 *.-
' .* :.* *.,2 2.+2 *,.2
'.' .: :.' *.,2 2.+2 *.-*
, ,.'' .2+ *.,2 2.+2 *+.'
M!#+) !n&! &$nfriction angle @ ? :' degrees >ensity ? *-
2.,:',
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H
()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
2.' .* ' 2.:, *.'' 2.' 2.'
* . ' 2. .** * .',
*.' ,., ' *.2- .' *.*: '.,
-.-' ' *. .' *.*: -.2
.' **.2, ' *.-* .' *.*: **.:
: *:. ' .* .' *.*: *.,:.' *'.+ ' .': .' *.*: *.+
*.2 ' .-+ .' *.*: 2.-
.' *+.+* ' :.' .' *.*: :.-'
' .* ' :.,* .' *.*: ,.--
'.' .: ' :.+ .' *.*: +.+*
, ,.'' ' .:: .' *.*: :.+
D!n&! &$n
friction angle @ ? 2 degrees >ensity ? *+
2.:'*:+
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
2.' .* 2.:- *. 2.' 2.'
* . 2., .'' * .,-
*.' ,., *.* :.: *.' .:,
-.-' *.' .*2 *.'- *.-
.' **.2, *.+* .' *.'- .:'
: *:. .+ .' *.'- -.-+
:.' *'.+ ., .' *.'- :'.:
*.2 :.2' .' *.'- *.+,
.' *+.+* :.: .' *.'- -.'2
' .* :.-* .' *.'- ''.2'.' .: .*+ .' *.'- ,*.'-
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
;3m:
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
;3m:
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
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, ,.'' .' .' *.'- ,-.*
S+))$.
01*232 %A=%D=ATE> A%16 %A9A%IT (;)
SOIL TYPE
2.' .2, .+2 +., '.' 2.- 2.-+
* .* '.2, +.-2 ,.'+ ., :.-
*.' .: '. +.+, . . ,.'
.': '.:- *2.* -.-+ ,.- *2.*
.' .,+ '.' *2.- *2.2: -.+: *:.':
: .-' '.,+ *2. **.*- **.2: *,.+
:.' :.2* '.-' *2.,2 *.:: *:.* 2.:
:.* ,.2* *2.' *:. *'. :.*
.' :.* ,.* *2.+* *., *.:' .*2
' :.* ,.:: **.2 *'. *+.' :2.+
'.' :.* ,.+ **.: *,.+ *.', ::.--
, :.* ,.,' **.:+ *-.2, :.,, :.
>epth(m) 0oft
%layense0and
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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B
- mm @ 13C
2 *
*2 *.'
2 .'
' :
:2
:' '2
208 90 89 ' +
221 :08 50 - **
267 :22 8
2:6 :65 1012
28 ::9 1025
25: :8 1099
601 :5: 1080
617 801 107:
617 817 101
617 866 1107
617 89 1126617 88: 116
*.* m ? 2.2'
2.,'+-
(N*
. :9:
. 8:
. 779. 55
. 1006
. 1115
. 1266
. 1697
. 1982
. 1:77
. 182
. 1508
*., m ? 2.*'
Tu ? c>(C B =) B g>
(0f C B = / C)4utan@ B FT
u ? c1(C B =) B g(> / 1)(0
f C B = / C)14
utan@ B F
0f? * B m13C or *B m>3C
;3m:
0f ma8 ?
T+
0f ma8 ?
,
-
*2
*
f(8) ? 2.-
L # ) # " # n H / B
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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(N*
075
282972
852
56
1106
1619
1:29
176:
19:
21:8
2688
.' m ? 2.'
(N*
05
625
87:
1019
16:6
1822062
2671
2710
609
6655
6727
.' m ? 2.:'
(N*
00
699
5:0
1860
292:
6117
650
9:01
:16
:55:8:77
T+
0f ma8 ?
T+
0f ma8 ?
T+
2 *2
2
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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728
2.+2
:.
-.'2
*,.:2
.'
:*.*
:-.2+
'.2*
'*.+:
'-.-'
,'.
.,+
>ense0and
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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m
2 *
2.2' *.2,
2.2' *.*
2.* *.:
2.*' *.,
2.' .'2.:' .'
2.' '.'
2., .,
Ma8 0f
',,*2:: e8p( 2.2'*': 8 )
13C
E8ponential (13C)
mMa8 0f
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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2 :2 2 '2
F#c"#on An%! ;
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22/36
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* *.' .' : :.' .' ' '.' ,
2.22
2.22
2.22
,2.22
-2.22
*22.22
*2.22
*2.22
ense0and
D!'"h ()*
U % " # ) $ " ! P + % % O + " L o $ , ( - N *
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TEI E$"h Ancho C$%c+%$"#on&
Ancho eep circular
B
4,2 2, mm eff diam
%lays / @ ? 27 density ? *-
2 '2 *22
C%$. &o#% friction angle @ ? 2 ;9a ;9a ;9a
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n
()* H/B (N*
,.22 *'.22 :2.22
* .-' *.22 2.,2 ., ,., *:.::
+.* *.22 *.2 ., ,., *:.::
: *.', *.22 *.-2 ., ,., *:.::
*+. *.22 .2 ., ,., *:.::
' . *.22 :.22 ., ,., *:.::
, +.*: *.22 :.,2 ., ,., *:.::
S$n. c%$. &o#%
friction angle @ ? 2.22 cohesion >ensity ? *-
degreees '2 ;9a
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H
()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
* .-' .' 2.,2 *.* 2.'*' *.*+
+.* .' *.2 *.* 2.'*' .-2
: *.', .' *.-2 *.* 2.'*' .*
*+. .' .2 *.* 2.'*' ,.2
' . .' :.22 *.* 2.'*' .,:
, +.*: .' :.,2 *.* 2.'*' +.
Loo&! &$nfriction angle @ ? :2 degrees >ensity ? *
2.'
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H
()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
* .-' 2.' *.,2 2.- .,
+.* *.*: *.,2 2.- ,.,'
: *.', *.2 *.,2 2.- *2.-
*+. . *.,2 2.- *'.2
' . .-: *.,2 2.- *+.*
, +.*: :.2 *.,2 2.- :.2
soft 0u ? 2 firm 0
u ? '2 stiff 0
u ? *22
c ? 0u
(pB2 /9* c
p c B H
;3m:
4u ? 4o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
;3m:
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
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M!#+) !n&! &$n
friction angle @ ? :' degrees >ensity ? *-
2.,:',
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H
()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
* .-' ' 2.,2 .* *.2: :.-'
+.* ' *.2 .' *.2: **.+
: *.', ' *.-2 .' *.2: 2.2:
*+. ' .2 .' *.2: -.2+
' . ' :.22 .' *.2: :,.*'
, +.*: ' :.,2 .' *.2: .*
D!n&! &$n
friction angle @ ? 2 degrees >ensity ? *+
2.:'*:+
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
* .-' 2.,: .2 *. :.+
+.* *. .2 *. -.:
: *.', *.+2 .' *. '*.2,
*+. .': .' *. :.
' . :.* .' *. +'.-
, +.*: :.-2 .' *. **-.-
S+))$.
01*232 %A=%D=ATE> A%16 %A9A%IT (;)
SOIL TYPE
* :. . .- :.2: .' .
:.- .- +.2 .- *:.* +.'+
: . -. *2. *.' *.-: '.+,
'.2 +.2 **. *.+ :2.+ ,.22' '., +., *., .2 :+.*' ++.2
, ,.22 *2. *:.:: ,.-2 .-* *.2-
;3m:
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
;3m:
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
>epth(m) 0oft
%layense0and
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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@ 13C m
*2 2.2'
2 .' 2.2'
' : 2.*
:2 2.*'
:' ' 2.'
2 2.:'
627 727 757 ' + 2.'
657 757 07 - ** 2.,
997 597 1027
:07 07 1197
:87 87 1287
800 1027 1666
*.* m ? 2.2'
2.,'+- *.* 2.2'
'h# c B H (N*
*,.,, 1598
*,.,, 2087
*,.,, 2255
*,.,, 2:0
*,.,, 2760
*,.,, 2:0
*., m ? 2.*'
(N*
606
775
12:9
172
2209
2850
Tu ? pCc> B 0f pCg(>
3)4utan@ B FT
u ? pCc1 B 0
f pCg(> / 1)(13)4
utan@ B F
;3m:
0f ma8 ?
T+
0f ma8 ?
T+
,
-
*2
*
f(8) ? *.2+:+':-
L # )
# " # n H / B
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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.' m ? 2.'
(N*
99:
1617
2156
609
61:
9751
.' m ? 2.:'
(N*
992
2:
:28
7800
09
12205
*-.,
2.,
.--
'.2+.:2
+.'2
0f ma8 ?
T+
0f ma8 ?
T+
>ense0and
2 *2 22
F#c"#on A
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*.2,
*.*
*.:
*.,
.'
.'
'.'
.,
Ma8 0f
e8p( 2.2,-'-*' 8 )
13C
E8ponential (13C)
m
8/9/2019 Uplift Calculations 4-11-04
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:2 2 '2
a8
%! 'h#
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* *.' .' : :.' .' ' '.' ,
2.22
2.22
2.22
,2.22
-2.22
*22.22
*2.22
*2.22
*,2.22
*-2.22
22.22
ense0and
0andy%lay
D!'"h ()*
U % " # ) $ " ! P + % % O + " L o $ , ( - N *
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TEI E$"h Ancho C$%c+%$"#on&
Ancho eep circular
B
4**2 ',
%lays / @ ? 27 density ?
2 '2
C%$. &o#% friction angle @ ? 2 ;9a ;9a
D!'"h H H/B %#)#"#n
()* H/B (N*
+., :.*,
* :.+* *.22 2.+: .* *2.+
.-* *.22 *.-' .* *2.+
: **. *.22 .- .* *2.+
*'.,: *.22 :.* .* *2.+
' *+.': *.22 .,: .* *2.+
, :. *.22 '.', .* *2.+
S$n. c%$. &o#%
friction angle @ ? 2.22 cohesion >ensity ? *-
degreees 2 ;9a
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H
()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
* :.+* .' 2.+: *.* 2.,
.-* .' *.-' *.22 2.,
: **. .' .- *.22 2.,
*'.,: .' :.* *.22 2.,
' *+.': .' .,: *.22 2.,
, :. .' '.', *.22 2.,
Loo&! &$nfriction angle @ ? :2 degrees >ensity ? *-
2.'
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H
()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
* :.+* 2.+: *.'+ *.2
.-* *.-' *.,2 *.2
: **. .- *.,2 *.2
*'.,: :.* *.,2 *.2
' *+.': .,: *.,2 *.2
, :. '.', *.,2 *.2
soft 0u ? 2 firm 0
u ? '2
c ? 0u
(pB2 /9* c
p c B H
4u ? 4oS
4
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
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M!#+) !n&! &$n
friction angle @ ? :' degrees >ensity ? *-
2.,:',
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H
()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
* :.+* ' 2.+: *.+- *.-
.-* ' *.-' .' *.-
: **. ' .- .' *.-
*'.,: ' :.* .' *.-
' *+.': ' .,: .' *.-
, :. ' '.', .' *.-
D!n&! &$n
friction angle @ ? 2 degrees >ensity ? *+
2.:'
D!'"h H/B %#)#"#n H()* H/B (N* ? *B m13C
* :.+* 2.+- .: *.+
.-* *.+, :.: *.+
: **. .+: .' *.+
*'.,: :.+* .' *.+
' *+.': .-+ .' *.+
, :. '.- .' *.+
S+))$.
01*232 %A=%D=ATE> A%16 %A9A%IT (;)
SOIL TYPE
* '.2 **. *.*' '. .
'.+ *.*' *.22 :2.: *.2
: ,.+2 *:.2 *'.-' :,.'- *+.-*
.- *.22 *.* . .'+' -.' *.+: *+.', -.:2 :'.:,
, +., *'.-' 2.'+ '.*' :.*:
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
4u ? 4
o ? * / sin @ ?
S4
>epth(m) 0oft
%lay
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mm eff diam @ 13C m
*-
*2 2.2'
*22 2 .' 2.2'
;9a ' : 2.*
:2 2.*'
:' ' 2.'
,.: 2 2.:'
' + 2.'
2.'+ :09 1122 121: - ** 2.,
2.'+ :7 121: 1900
2.'+ 80 1607 1:5:
2.'+ 752 1900 1771
2.'+ 57: 196 1:8
2.'+ 28 1:5: 20:
;3mG: *.* m ? 2.2'
2.,'+-
'h# c B H (N*
:., 2.'+ 2:27
-.- 2.'+ 6076
*:.* 2.'+ 68:5
*-.* 2.'+ 9299
:.2- 2.'+ 9560
-.2* 2.'+ :91:
;3mG: *., m ? 2.*'
(N*
:.:* 929
*2.*+ 1209
*.2: 151
:.-- 27:
:2.: 6:68
:.'- 9616
Tu ? pCc> B 0f pCg(>
3)4utan@ B FT
u ? pCc1 B 0
f pCg(> / 1)(13)4
utan@ B F
;3m:
stiff 0u ? *22
0f ma8 ?
? * / sin @ ?
T+
0f ma8 ?
T+
,
-
*2
*
f(8) ? *.2+:+':-
# ) # " # n H / B
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;3mG: .' m ? 2.'
(N*
:.+ 958
*,.+: 1575
+.:- 6218
*.-: 9::6
'.- :51
,,. 7225
;3mG: .' m ? 2.:'
(N*
*.+* 25
:.2, 6901
.-2 7:79
*2.2 11162
*.2* 1980
*,.,* 15295
.-, .-+
*-.- :.2*
:.*, '.
'.': ***.:'-.+* *,.+2
.- *-.-
0f ma8 ?
T+
0f ma8 ?
T+
Medium>ense0and
>ense0and
2 *2 22
F#c"#on
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*.2'
*.*
*.:
*.,
.'
.'
'.'
.,
Ma8 0f
e8p( 2.2,-'-*' 8 )
13C
E8ponential (13C)
m
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:2 2 '2
Ma8 0f
n%! ;