UPGRADING SVALBARD!

ADDRESSING GLOBAL WARMING AND PER-MAFROST THAW AS OPPORTUNITIES

ANNISA SOLIHAH SONTANI

longyearbyen

barents sea

beautiful series of mountain contain mineral resources. create unique landscape in vulnerable circumpolar arctic.

coal!!

...the mining industry has created society

the industry developed. the land were being more exploited. in the other hand, it contribute some revenue for nation.

we need coal from svalbard!

Sir, we’re now so popular in europe..

soon, world!thanks svalbard..

in mainland...

cool..!

Let’s have another exploitation

svalbard already so lavish. its coal

production way behind USA, the biggest one.

meanwhile, many people opposed coal mining regarding to the waste..

I am fly ash

...CO2 from coal mining process trigger global warming

in the same time, restricted areas are established as a way to taking care of environment..

clean air

clean waterclose down

mining industry!

no need to close down mining industry, yet.

...they can still walk together

damaging landscape

opportunity for researher

his habitat

tourism..

Speculating Svalbardas a necessity of preserving coal mining industry

previous episode

projected temperature increases by 2090

+ 12 °C

+ 10 °C

+ 5 °C

+ 1 °C

we are undoubtly facing the climate change. The temperature of the earth is increasing, resulting ice melt in high latitude

future sea ice in september

observed sea ice

obviously, carbon fuel utilizing contribute global warming

CH4, a.k.a methane is more potent than CO2

methane can be found in the form of organic compound under the earth

it ‘s not dangerous as long as it kept frozen by the frozen ground as we call it permafrost

but..

permafrost classification and distribu-tion

..in fact

permafrost should has temperature not exceeding 0°C, for at

least 2 years

continuos (47%)

discontinuos (19%)

sporadic (17%)

isolated (17%)

unfrozen soil and rock

lake

Global warming gives many impacts for many aspects, espe-cially for the environment. The warmer temperature of the earth can trigger ice melting on the surface, particularly in circumpolar area

CONTINUED..

CO2CH4

Permafrost thaw

Temperature

permafrost remain

an ironic potrayal of permafrost thaw in the future, which somehow accelerate global warming regarding CO2 and CH4 released from permafrost

then, what will happen to the landscape?

an evil circle; the more it

was, the more it is, the more

it’s going

structtural damage of the building

ë”explosive” ground from methane released

excessive irrigation on poorly drainage soil

infrastructure damage

hole in ground increase risk of landslides

pipes on the surface regarding ground instability

2000 2090

5

0

2.50

52.50

1.93

52.50

2.64

52.50

3.43

2008

52.50

4.07

2007

52.50

2.39

2006

52.50

1.47

2005

52.50

2.9

2004

2.94

2003

67

39

64

72

83

175

128

131

0.88

Production ( 1 billion tonnes) Export rate Coal price( USD/tonne)

Turnover & Pro�t after tax( NOK billion)

2010

2009

moving into svalbard.. its vulnerability should keep the islands “untouched” by humans. it belongs to nature and wildlife.

Svalbard is covered almost entirely by permafrost. The thick-ness are varies around 100 meters thick in coastal areas and 400-500 meters thick under mountainous area

.

continuous permafrost

sea ice during september

raising air temperature up to 10 °C

settlements contain coal

meanwhile, in svalbard, it has all compo-nents to trigger climate change

productivity of coal mining that contribute CO2 emmission

opportunity?

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Ny Å

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° Cnu

mber

of pe

ople

involv

ed

100

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Svea Bare

ntsb

urg

Long

year

byen

Lunc

kefje

ll

temp

erat

ure

below

8 me

ters

longyearbyen

borehole investigation raised assump-tion of permafrost thawing possibility

thaw soon?

EUROPE

RUSSIA

ALASKA

CANADA

ICE SEA REMAINS IN THE FUTURE WILL SOMEHOW OPEN UP NEW NORTH-ROUTE

INVESTMENT MAY BOOST IN SVALBARD

SVALBARD WILL BECOME AN IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL HUB

NEW INTERNATIONAL CIVILIZATION

SHIPPING HUB

sea ice

SVALBARD TREATY CONCEPTS

NON-DISCRIMINATIONNON-MILITARYENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLYPEACEFUL CIVILIZATION AND

SAFE ENVIRONMENT

SCIENTIFIC AND HERITAGE TOURIST ATTRACTION

DEVELOPING RESEARCH STATION IN SUSTAINABILITY ENERGY

CLEANER COAL MINING REGARD-ING PERMAFROST “LEFT OVER”

electricity genration using meth-ane from thawing permafrost

establish cleaner renewable energy

pictures references

bulding bytesizebio.netusa today

warmalglobing.comchurcheswa.com.au

e-reful.comearthrelief.wordpress.com

stephenleahy.netsustainablechemeng.blogspot.com

mpg.de