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8/11/2019 Upgrade Tips Strategies
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DatabaseUpgrade/Migration Options& Tips
Sreekanth ChintalaDatabase Technology Strategist
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Agenda
Very high level overview of Migration/Upgrade options No technical details
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About the Speaker
West Virginia University (M.S)
Supporter of UT Longhorns
11+ Yrs of Oracle, 17+ years in IT
RACSIG Web chair (2008-2010)
Presenter at OIUG, OOW, Local user groups
Technical Editor
[email protected] [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001HSNI3U/ref=pd_lpo_k2_dp_sr_1?pf_rd_p=486539851&pf_rd_s=lpo-top-stripe-1&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=B001HVOYPS&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=1B8EFM92A2GJ2B359GRV8/11/2019 Upgrade Tips Strategies
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Database Upgrade
Moving DB from one version to anotheron the same server
It is NOT:
Upgrading
the Server
Upgrading
the OS
Upgradingthe
Storage
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Database Upgrade
10gR1 11gR2
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Database Migrations
Move to another Server
Move to another Data Center
Move to another (later) Version
Migrations are typically done as part of End-of-Life refresh, usually followed by DatabaseUpgrade
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Database Upgrade Methods
Database Upgrade Assistant GUI Uses GUI to upgrade
The DBUA performs pre-upgrade checks
Manual Upgrade Performed via SQL-Plus Commands
Use pre-upgrade script to validate Modify Cluster Registry entries for RAC Databases .profile changes, environment variables
Tips Use GUI method, especially for RAC Databases
Take a backup before the upgrade Check news groups to be aware of any known issues
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Factors
Source &Target DB
Version
AcceptableDowntime
Size of thedatabase
Source &target
OperatingSystems
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Concerns
Downtime
Performance
Data FieldConversions
UpgradeIssues
Fallback /Backout
Training
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Database Migration Options
Complete Downtime Export and Import using Data Pump (or exp/imp) CTAS Backup & Restore Transportable Tablespaces
Minimal Downtime Logical/Physical Standby EMC SRDF Copy ASM Rebalance
Near Zero Downtime Oracle Streams Golden Gate
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Export / Import
Database needs to be down or open read only Take an export on the source system Copy the export dump to destination system Import into the database
Advantages
Simple to use, proven track record Works well for smaller DB sizes (say < 50GB)
Gotchas
Size of the database dictates the amount of downtime needed
Import time is 3-4 times longer than export time Older Unix system may have 2G file size limitations.
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Export / Import
10gR1
11gR2ExportCopy
Export
Copy
Tips Use NFS mount that can be accessed from both source and destination Data Pump provides many features
Review the nature of data. Bring over the statictables, partitions aheadof time, reduce the total downtime In case of RAC instances, leverage all instances to import different tables Indexes can be re-built on the destination. No need to import them Collect stats after the import Beware of security and password changes
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SQL Plus-CTAS
Database needs to be down or open read only Copy the Tables via DB Link
Gotchas
Size of the database and the network throughput dictates theamount of downtime needed
Dont use it on Live tables
Advantages No intermediate storage needed
Operations can be performed in parallel for non-related tables
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CTAS
10gR1 11gR2
Tips Review the nature of data. Bring over the statictables, partitions ahead
of time, reduce the total downtime
In case of RAC instances, leverage all instances to import different tables Indexes can be re-built on the destination. No need to import them Collect stats after the import
DB Link
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Backup / Restore
RMAN incremental backups can reduce the downtime Copy the backups to destination system Restore into the database
Gotchas Heavy DML operations may prolong the Restore-Sync time Going through Tape can significantly add time to backup and restore
Typically few restore (tape) resources are allocatedAdvantages
Primary Database is up and running
Can use RMAN compression, parallel operations
RMAN only backups the changes and restores the needed files
Tips Use a shared disk (NFS) between the target server
If you have to go to tape, request dedicated backup channels until therestore is complete
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Transportable Tablespaces
Create the empty database Create the Metadata of the source database in the new database Database files are moved from existing database to the other system
Gotchas Source and target systems should have the same character set andnational character set Limitations on indexes ( Function based/domain ) Limitations on snapshot/replication Tables and indexes to be part of the self contained set All the partitions of a partitioned table needs to be moved as a set
Advantages Use this option to move the databases across different platforms Faster because it bypasses usual data extract and load processes Efficient than export/import
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Logical/Physical Standby Option
Available for 10.1.0.3 and above Very minimal downtime( time to switchover ) Must setup a Data Guard environment
Gotchas Need to modify Primary to setup Logical/Physical Standby OS must be the same ( family) between primary and standby
Primary needs to be shut down for DB Upgrade on the target SQL Apply reapplies the transactions. Heavy OLTP systems are not a
good candidate for Logical Standby Doesnt work for cross platform
Advantages Proven technology Changes to the production are copied over to the standby Newer versions, you can use it to test the performance using snapshot
standby Protection from Physical Corruption
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Only available for EMC Storage - Symmetrix Remote Data Facility Manages real time copies of data volumes ( at the storage level)
Gotchas EMC solution for Symmetrix storage Physical corruption will get carried over to the other side
The target (individual) Lun size should be equal to or larger than sourceLun
Advantages Most simple solution to copy multi-terra byte DBs Most of the work is on the storage team to setup SRDF
SRDF can copy the incremental block changes after initial setup
SRDF Copy Option
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ASM Rebalance Option
Leverage ASM rebalance feature to off-load data from one storagearray to another
Gotchas Will require downtime to bring up the new system
Will require downtime to perform DB upgrades
Advantages No disruption to primary database during rebalance No monitoring or governance during the operation
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ASM Rebalance Option
Storage ArraysStorage Arrays
1. Add the New LUNs on the OLDsystem (OS)
2. Add the LUNs to the Disk Group
3. Perform Rebalance
4. Shutdown Old System
1. Create CRS,DB,ASM on new system2. Copy SPFILEs (DB,ASM)
3. Add the New LUNs on the New system(OS)
4. Bring up the database
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Oracle Streams
Little or no downtime Source and Targets can be any version to any platform
Gotchas Limitations on some data types ( CLOB/BLOB) Extremely complex to implement & maintain Longer development cycles Need highly skilled DBAs
Advantages Can be used to migrate between different platforms and versions
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Golden Gate Option
Little or no downtime Source and Targets can be any version to any platform
Gotchas Requires Golden Gate License investment of intermediate platform when moving from one OS Family
to another
Advantages Moderately complex to implement
Provides Fall back options
You can leverage the infrastructure many times
Best near Zero Downtime Option
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8i & 9i10g/11g Migration Overview
Goldengate Capture to Trails
Create Clone DB via RMAN
8i/9i
ASM Storage
Real-Time ReplicationFail back!Reverse ReplicationServer & Storage
Provisioning
DBA Begins
Migration
Production
App Testing
Switchover to
RAC Database
Fail back Strategy
Post-Migration
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In place Migrations of OS
Complete Downtime to the server being upgraded Data Guard can be up and running while the migration is taking place Operating System Upgraded wipes out internal drives
Newer Cluster Version wipes out the Clusterware drives
Data Luns inside ASM are intact.
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In place Migration Steps
DBA
1. Create and save (elsewhere) pfile from the spfile
Linux Engineer
1. Re-image all cluster nodes to new OS2. Post-build steps an 11g RAC cluster.
3. Check and validate if the cluster is healthy and operational
DBA
1. Restore the saved pfile configuration files and start ASM.2. Mount the expected ASM disk groups and start the DB.3. By starting the DB under the 11g binaries, this converted the
10gR2/64 DB to 11g. Run DB Upgrade script