Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network:

Performance & Future Plans

Gajendra KumarMet Gr. I

Office of DDGM (UI), New Delhi

Introduction

IndiaMeteorological Department (IMD) is operatinga network of 39 Radiosonde / Radiowind stations on operational basis.

Introduction Upper air data of IMD network was not suitable for

leading Numerical weather Prediction (NWP) centers of the world and observations were mostly rejected by data assimilation systems.

IMD is undergoing modernization and has adopted a strategy to replace the obsolete systems.

To achieve the standards of data quality required by the Numerical weather Prediction (NWP) centers, various aspects of modernization including upgradation of observing system and transmission of data to central data centre in real time planned covering representativeness, accuracy of observations, achieved heights & timeliness.

Recent Developments In the first phase of modernization, 10 stations have

been upgraded with new GPS based Upper air systems in 2009. After the introduction of new systems, data quality has improved substantially at these stations, which has been validated by ECMWF.

Recently another GPS system has been installed at New Delhi to facilitate the nowcasting during Commonwealth Games in October’2010.

At present the network comprised of GPS system at 11 places, 10 IMS-1500 Radiotheodolites installed in 2002 & at remaining stations Ground System of indigenous make installed in 1992-93.

Type of Systems in the Network

Performance After the installation of systems, National Centre for

Medium range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), India evaluated the performance of upper air observations from these stations by comparing with their T254L64 Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) first guess (6hr- forecast).

One of the basic problems of Indian RS/RW temperature & gpm height was its random large fluctuation on daily scale. It has been observed that after the upgradation, these types of large fluctuation were not seen for guess temperature field.

Data was also monitored with the ECMWF global data monitoring reports to get the overview of the quality of observations. Data of these stations is not reported as suspect stations under any category since June’2009 in ECMWF’s Monthly Monitoring Reports.

STD & RMS ErrorsGeopotential (Z)_100 hPa (00 UTC)

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42027 42314 42492 43128 43150 43192 43279 43333 43369 43371

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Geopotential (Z)_100 hPa (12 UTC)

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42027 42492 43128 43192 43279 43333 43369 43371

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42027 42314 42492 43128 43150 43192 43279 43333 43369 43371

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42027 42492 43128 43192 43279 43333 43369 43371

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Wind Direction (D)_100 hPa (00 UTC)

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42027 42314 42492 43128 43150 43192 43279 43333 43369 43371

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Wind Direction (D)_100 hPa (12 UTC)

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42027 42492 43128 43192 43279 43333 43369 43371

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Performance AnalysisGuide for the vertical statistics:

• Full red lines: Vertical statistics OB-FG (bias)• Dashed red lines: Vertical statistics OB-AN (bias)• Black dotted lines: Mean observation (the scale is

at the top of the plot)• Full blue lines: Vertical statistics OB-FG (std)• Dashed blue lines: Vertical statistics OB-AN (std)• Black dotted lines: Observation variability (the

scale is at the top of the plot)• Counts on the left: Number of data used in the

computation of the statistics• Counts on the right: Number of rejections

(blacklist and model QC)

Minicoy 00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E31 MAR-22 APR 2009

ID: 43369

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

STD (TEMP)

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66/ 66

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36/ 36

43/ 43

59/ 59

47/ 47

11/ 11

7/ 7

5/ 5

2/ 2

1/ 1

1/ 1

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BIAS (TEMP)

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STD (RELHUM)

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53/ 18

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51/ 7

83/ 14

98/ 17

66/ 20

47/ 30

27/ 27

19/ 19

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E22 APR-14 MAY 2009

ID: 43369

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

STD (TEMP)

1000

925

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108/ 98

103/ 87

141/ 120

159/ 143

226/ 197

147/ 127

96/ 86

85/ 72

69/ 57

73/ 62

101/ 82

136/ 112

110/ 89

117/ 99

110/ 92

98/ 83

34/ 31

0/ 0

-3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

0 10 20 30 40

STD (RELHUM)

1000

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108/ 47

103/ 0

141/ 0

155/ 0

220/ 3

135/ 0

93/ 14

83/ 83

68/ 68

71/ 71

99/ 99

130/ 130

98/ 98

95/ 95

87/ 87

50/ 50

2/ 2

0/ 0

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

BIAS (RELHUM)

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Temperature & Humidity analysis before installation

Temperature & Humidity analysis after installation

Mohanbari



00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E28 FEB- 8 APR 2009

ID: 42314

0 1 2 3 4 5

STD (TEMP)

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159/ 159

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BIAS (TEMP)

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STD (RELHUM)

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157/ 157

114/ 114

64/ 64

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0/ 0

0/ 0

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0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

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-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E 8 APR-25 MAY 2009

ID: 42314

0 1 2 3 4 5

STD (TEMP)

1000

925

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122/ 98

145/ 102

152/ 107

238/ 172

275/ 205

188/ 136

179/ 137

129/ 98

111/ 81

127/ 100

147/ 105

178/ 127

154/ 121

109/ 80

101/ 77

118/ 95

44/ 40

0/ 0

-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

0 10 20 30 40

STD (RELHUM)

1000

925

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122/ 91

145/ 102

152/ 107

238/ 168

274/ 201

186/ 133

178/ 142

127/ 127

109/ 109

123/ 123

143/ 143

177/ 177

154/ 154

96/ 96

84/ 84

84/ 84

13/ 13

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-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Mohanbari

Wind analysis before installation

Wind analysis after installation

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E28 FEB- 8 APR 2009

ID: 42314

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

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1/ 0

11/ 0

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32/ 0

14/ 0

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0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

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0/ 0

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BIAS (DIRN)

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STD (SPEED)

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-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E 8 APR-25 MAY 2009

ID: 42314

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

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8/ 3

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67/ 0

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66/ 3

89/ 1

60/ 3

56/ 2

34/ 0

48/ 0

60/ 0

18/ 0

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-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

BIAS (DIRN)

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STD (SPEED)

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34/ 27

37/ 0

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77/ 3

85/ 1

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70/ 0

51/ 1

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66/ 3

92/ 1

98/ 3

89/ 2

45/ 0

63/ 0

95/ 0

28/ 0

0/ 0

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Chennai



00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E28 FEB-12 APR 2009

ID: 43279

0 1 2 3 4 5

STD (TEMP)

1000

925

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265/ 265

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497/ 497

486/ 486

308/ 308

198/ 198

167/ 167

186/ 186

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103/ 103

16/ 16

8/ 8

6/ 6

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0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

0 10 20 30 40

STD (RELHUM)

1000

925

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264/ 92

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305/ 14

481/ 39

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294/ 52

166/ 53

131/ 131

92/ 92

0/ 0

0/ 0

1/ 1

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100


ID: 43279

0 1 2 3 4 5

STD (TEMP)

1000

925

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00 3 6 9 12 15

253/ 205

263/ 192

240/ 166

253/ 154

511/ 357

246/ 162

220/ 151

176/ 124

149/ 100

155/ 107

219/ 140

281/ 194

255/ 178

206/ 153

203/ 143

197/ 137

73/ 53

0/ 0

-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

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STD (RELHUM)

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239/ 2

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501/ 5

238/ 3

218/ 43

174/ 174

142/ 142

150/ 150

205/ 205

268/ 268

247/ 247

177/ 177

159/ 159

93/ 93

9/ 9

0/ 0

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BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Chennai




ID: 43279

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

925

850

700

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00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

10/ 0

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44/ 0

60/ 1

52/ 2

53/ 2

48/ 0

51/ 2

36/ 0

30/ 0

0/ 0

6/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

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BIAS (DIRN)

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

0 2 4 6 8 10

STD (SPEED)

1000

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00 10 20 30 40 50 60

135/ 45

229/ 0

96/ 0

131/ 1

100/ 2

71/ 2

57/ 0

62/ 2

55/ 0

77/ 0

18/ 0

11/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

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-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60


ID: 43279

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

925

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00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

36/ 4

59/ 3

11/ 0

53/ 2

77/ 1

51/ 0

55/ 0

64/ 0

58/ 0

90/ 0

113/ 1

126/ 9

101/ 2

106/ 1

100/ 0

71/ 1

29/ 0

0/ 0

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

BIAS (DIRN)

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

0 2 4 6 8 10

STD (SPEED)

1000

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00 10 20 30 40 50 60

154/ 74

107/ 5

49/ 0

65/ 2

114/ 1

98/ 0

71/ 0

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61/ 0

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134/ 1

176/ 10

165/ 3

136/ 1

101/ 0

71/ 1

29/ 0

0/ 0

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Port Blair




ID: 43333

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

STD (TEMP)

1000

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51/ 51

64/ 64

25/ 25

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13/ 13

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BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

0 10 20 30 40

STD (RELHUM)

1000

925

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43/ 9

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54/ 10

76/ 16

91/ 23

56/ 22

24/ 10

36/ 36

25/ 25

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

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BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100


ID: 43333

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

STD (TEMP)

1000

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00 3 6 9 12 15

141/ 125

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241/ 173

295/ 207

397/ 282

249/ 175

190/ 137

145/ 103

126/ 90

125/ 90

202/ 132

287/ 219

226/ 174

174/ 140

167/ 137

144/ 110

44/ 22

0/ 0

-3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

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STD (RELHUM)

1000

925

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00 20 40 60 80 100

141/ 31

170/ 0

239/ 2

291/ 0

395/ 3

246/ 4

189/ 44

142/ 142

125/ 125

124/ 124

194/ 194

274/ 274

226/ 226

169/ 169

154/ 154

93/ 93

14/ 14

0/ 0

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BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Port Blair




ID: 43333

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

925

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700

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0/ 0

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9/ 0

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13/ 3

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0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

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BIAS (DIRN)

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

0 2 4 6 8 10

STD (SPEED)

1000

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00 10 20 30 40 50 60

14/ 6

33/ 0

26/ 0

37/ 0

28/ 0

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19/ 0

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43/ 0

26/ 4

33/ 0

12/ 2

3/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

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BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60


ID: 43333

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

925

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00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

18/ 10

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24/ 0

63/ 2

75/ 2

52/ 0

34/ 0

37/ 0

48/ 1

38/ 1

105/ 2

108/ 5

69/ 6

67/ 0

77/ 0

45/ 0

29/ 0

0/ 0

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BIAS (DIRN)

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

0 2 4 6 8 10

STD (SPEED)

1000

925

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00 10 20 30 40 50 60

65/ 49

57/ 0

51/ 0

104/ 2

161/ 2

87/ 0

70/ 0

57/ 0

59/ 1

41/ 1

127/ 2

148/ 5

131/ 6

98/ 0

78/ 0

45/ 0

31/ 0

0/ 0

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Thiruvananthapuram



00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E31 JAN- 8 MAR 2009

ID: 43371

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

STD (TEMP)

1000

925

850

700

500

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00 3 6 9 12 15

94/ 94

77/ 77

95/ 95

154/ 154

156/ 156

91/ 91

66/ 66

39/ 39

52/ 52

87/ 87

52/ 52

18/ 18

14/ 14

3/ 3

2/ 2

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-4-3.5-3-2.5-2-1.5-1-0.50 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

0 10 20 30 40

STD (RELHUM)

1000

925

850

700

500

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300

250

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100

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50

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5

00 20 40 60 80 100

92/ 0

77/ 1

95/ 3

151/ 13

150/ 7

84/ 8

59/ 29

38/ 38

35/ 35

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E 8 MAR-23 MAY 2009

ID: 43371

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

STD (TEMP)

1000

925

850

700

500

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100

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50

30

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00 3 6 9 12 15

251/ 228

231/ 182

341/ 271

452/ 360

562/ 428

349/ 270

262/ 205

216/ 168

157/ 122

173/ 133

243/ 176

363/ 254

265/ 200

259/ 203

273/ 219

223/ 181

55/ 44

0/ 0

-4-3.5-3-2.5-2-1.5-1-0.50 0.5 1 1.5 22.5 33.5 4

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

0 10 20 30 40

STD (RELHUM)

1000

925

850

700

500

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00 20 40 60 80 100

248/ 2

226/ 4

338/ 1

441/ 4

546/ 10

329/ 5

230/ 51

81/ 81

29/ 29

28/ 28

46/ 46

75/ 75

43/ 43

35/ 35

32/ 32

20/ 20

2/ 2

0/ 0

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100



00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E31 JAN- 8 MAR 2009

ID: 43371

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

925

850

700

500

400

300

250

200

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

5

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

7/ 0

10/ 0

13/ 0

24/ 0

37/ 0

20/ 0

21/ 0

26/ 1

14/ 0

23/ 0

27/ 0

9/ 1

9/ 2

11/ 8

1/ 1

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

BIAS (DIRN)

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

0 2 4 6 8 10

STD (SPEED)

1000

925

850

700

500

400

300

250

200

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

5

00 10 20 30 40 50 60

27/ 9

64/ 0

48/ 0

43/ 0

68/ 0

59/ 0

55/ 0

38/ 1

40/ 0

40/ 0

59/ 0

18/ 1

14/ 2

21/ 9

1/ 1

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E 8 MAR-23 MAY 2009

ID: 43371

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

925

850

700

500

400

300

250

200

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

5

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

31/ 15

68/ 1

47/ 3

88/ 5

93/ 1

97/ 2

104/ 0

69/ 0

69/ 1

96/ 4

100/ 4

90/ 1

86/ 3

98/ 7

97/ 9

68/ 0

37/ 0

0/ 0

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

BIAS (DIRN)

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

0 2 4 6 8 10

STD (SPEED)

1000

925

850

700

500

400

300

250

200

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

5

00 10 20 30 40 50 60

124/ 64

132/ 2

106/ 3

136/ 5

201/ 1

143/ 2

146/ 0

87/ 0

86/ 1

123/ 4

123/ 5

145/ 1

135/ 4

139/ 8

106/ 10

68/ 0

37/ 0

0/ 0

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Thiruvananthapuram

Mean & Max Height

Mean & Max Height

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)

Thiruvananthapuram Mean Height

Thiruvananthapuram Maximum Height

Mohanbari Mean Height

Mohanbari Maximum Height

Chennai Mean Height

Chennai Maximum Height

Port Blair Mean Height

Port Blair Maximum Height

Minicoy Mean Height

Minicoy Maximum Height

Goa Mean Height

Goa Maximum Height

Hyderabad Mean Height

Hyderabad Maximum Height

Visakhapatnam Mean Height

Visakhapatnam Maximum Height

Patna Mean Height

Patna Maximum Height

Srinagar Mean Height

Srinagar Maximum Height

Ascents beyond 100 hPa

Ascent reached beyond 100 hPa

0

20

40

60

80

100

Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Per

cen

t A

scen

t Thiruvananthapuram <100 hpa

Mohanbari <100 hpa

Chennai <100 hpa

Port Blair <100 hpa

Minicoy <100 hpa

Goa <100 hpa

Hyderabad <100 hpa

Visakhapatnam <100 hpa

Patna <100 hpa

Srinagar <100 hpa

Ascents beyond 20 hPa

Ascent reached beyond 20 hPa

0

20

40

60

80

100

Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Per

cen

t A

scen

t Thiruvananthapuram <20hPa

Mohanbari <20hPa

Chennai <20hPa

Port Blair <20hPa

Minicoy <20hPa

Goa <20hPa

Hyderabad <20hPa

Visakhapatnam <20hPa

Patna <20hPa

Srinagar <20hPa

Performance

Thiruvananthapuram

010203040506070

Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts

No. of total ascents No. of ascents <100 hpa No. of ascents <20hPa

Mohanbari

010203040506070

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

ascen

ts


Mohanbari

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)

Mean Height (Km) Maximum Height (Km)

Thiruvananthapuram

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)


PerformanceChennai

0

20

40

60

80

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts


Portblair

0

20

40

60

80

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts


Chennai

0.010.020.030.040.050.0

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)


Portblair

0.010.0

20.030.0

40.050.0

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)


PerformanceMinicoy

0

20

40

60

80

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts


Goa

0

2040

60

80

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts


Minicoy

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)


Goa

0.010.020.030.040.0

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)


Performance

Hyderabad

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

May-09 J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10

Month


Visakhapatnam

0

20

40

60

80

May-09

Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09 Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10 Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts


Hyderabad

0.0

10.020.0

30.0

40.0

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)


Visakhapatnam

0.010.020.030.040.050.0

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)


Performance

Patna

0

20

40

60

80

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts


Srinagar

0

2040

60

80

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts


Patna

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)


Srinagar

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

May-09 J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10

Month


Performance summary Improvement in quality may be summarized as mentioned below:

• Random large fluctuations have reduced on daily scale.

• Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) and bias of temperature observations from respective guess for different levels have reduced considerably.

• Difference (O-B) between observations (O) and first guess (B) have reduced at all levels.

• Observations are accepted by global/regional models.

• Rejections of specific humidity observations have reduced substantially.

• Maximum height reported has increased significantly.

Performance

To achieve completeness and timeliness of the collection of observational data at the center concerned TEMP data generated from these stations has been broadcasted to GTS through SOCKET transmission. This has substantially reduced the submission time of TEMP on GTS. Now the data is available to modelers in time.

Web based portal for on line monitoring of Upper air network has also been started. Performance of the ascents, 100hPa performance, achieved heights, message dissemination time, Total number of ascents taken, MISDA reported, comparative performance of the all stations, stock statement etc can be monitored.

Indigenous Development Further GPS radiosonde along with 1680 MHz

ground system, acquisition & processing software has also been developed indigenously to make the IMD Self reliance in latest state of the art upper air sounding systems.

Data from the indigenous GPS radiosonde has been analyzed and results are encouraging. The sonde will be inducted into the operational network after evaluation.

Future Plans To further upgrade the network another 13 stations of the

network have been planned to be upgraded in 2010. Locations of the stations have been identified as per the NWP requirements and representativeness of the network. After the installation at these locations upgradation at 24 stations will be completed.

It is also being planned to upgrade all the remaining stations of the network in the next phase of modernization to ensure operational performance and data quality.

At present none of the Indian stations are the member of Global Upper Air Network (GUAN). To establish national commitments for the preservation of a minimum set of upper-air stations and to build a collection of validated data from these stations in standardized formats, 5 stations namely New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai & Nagpur have been proposed to be part of GUAN.

Future Plans

Conclusion IMD is undergoing modernization to upgrade its observational

network with state of art technology. New system has been installed at 11 stations. Another 13 stations of the network are in the process of upgradation.

Standards of data quality required by the Numerical weather Prediction (NWP) centers have been achieved at upgraded 11 stations, which will be extended to 24 stations including 5 GUAN stations after ensuring operational performance and data quality.

GPS radiosonde along with 1680 MHz ground system, acquisition & processing software has also been developed indigenously to make the IMD Self reliance in latest state of the art upper air sounding systems in future.

Remaining stations of the network have also been planned for upgradation in the next phase of modernization to ensure operational performance and data quality at all 39 stations.

References M. Das Gupta, Someshwar Das, K. Prasanthi, P.K. Pradhan and U.C.

Mohanty, 2005: Validation of Upper-air observations taken during ARMEX-I and its impact on global analysis-forecast system, Mausam, 56, 1, 139-14.

M. Das Gupta, National Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF): Report on “Quality of observations from Indian Stations”, 2009.

A. Kats, A. Naumov and A. Ivanov: NATIONAL UPPER-AIR NETWORK PERFORMANCE MONITORING, TASKS AND EXPERIENCE, TECO-2008.

Hollingsworth, A., D. Shaw, P. Lönnberg, L. Illari, K. Arpe, and A. Simmons, 1986: Monitoring of Observation and Analysis Quality by a Data Assimilation System. Monthly Weather Review, Vol 114, No. 5, pp. 861–879.

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), 2009: Global Data Reports.

Thank You

Documents

Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans