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Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans Gajendra Kumar Met Gr. I Office of DDGM (UI), New Delhi

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Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans. Gajendra Kumar Met Gr. I Office of DDGM (UI), New Delhi. Introduction. India Meteorological Department (IMD) is operating a network of 39 Radiosonde / Radiowind stations on operational basis. Introduction. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network:

Performance & Future Plans

Gajendra KumarMet Gr. I

Office of DDGM (UI), New Delhi

Page 2: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Introduction

IndiaMeteorological Department (IMD) is operatinga network of 39 Radiosonde / Radiowind stations on operational basis.

Page 3: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Introduction Upper air data of IMD network was not suitable for

leading Numerical weather Prediction (NWP) centers of the world and observations were mostly rejected by data assimilation systems.

IMD is undergoing modernization and has adopted a strategy to replace the obsolete systems.

To achieve the standards of data quality required by the Numerical weather Prediction (NWP) centers, various aspects of modernization including upgradation of observing system and transmission of data to central data centre in real time planned covering representativeness, accuracy of observations, achieved heights & timeliness.

Page 4: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Recent Developments In the first phase of modernization, 10 stations have

been upgraded with new GPS based Upper air systems in 2009. After the introduction of new systems, data quality has improved substantially at these stations, which has been validated by ECMWF.

Recently another GPS system has been installed at New Delhi to facilitate the nowcasting during Commonwealth Games in October’2010.

At present the network comprised of GPS system at 11 places, 10 IMS-1500 Radiotheodolites installed in 2002 & at remaining stations Ground System of indigenous make installed in 1992-93.

Page 5: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Type of Systems in the Network

Page 6: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Performance After the installation of systems, National Centre for

Medium range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), India evaluated the performance of upper air observations from these stations by comparing with their T254L64 Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) first guess (6hr- forecast).

One of the basic problems of Indian RS/RW temperature & gpm height was its random large fluctuation on daily scale. It has been observed that after the upgradation, these types of large fluctuation were not seen for guess temperature field.

Data was also monitored with the ECMWF global data monitoring reports to get the overview of the quality of observations. Data of these stations is not reported as suspect stations under any category since June’2009 in ECMWF’s Monthly Monitoring Reports.

Page 7: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

STD & RMS ErrorsGeopotential (Z)_100 hPa (00 UTC)

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42027 42314 42492 43128 43150 43192 43279 43333 43369 43371

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Geopotential (Z)_100 hPa (12 UTC)

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42027 42492 43128 43192 43279 43333 43369 43371

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Wind Direction (D)_100 hPa (00 UTC)

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42027 42314 42492 43128 43150 43192 43279 43333 43369 43371

Station S

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STD_D RMS_D

Wind Direction (D)_100 hPa (12 UTC)

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42027 42492 43128 43192 43279 43333 43369 43371

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STD_D RMS_D

Page 8: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Performance AnalysisGuide for the vertical statistics:

• Full red lines: Vertical statistics OB-FG (bias)• Dashed red lines: Vertical statistics OB-AN (bias)• Black dotted lines: Mean observation (the scale is

at the top of the plot)• Full blue lines: Vertical statistics OB-FG (std)• Dashed blue lines: Vertical statistics OB-AN (std)• Black dotted lines: Observation variability (the

scale is at the top of the plot)• Counts on the left: Number of data used in the

computation of the statistics• Counts on the right: Number of rejections

(blacklist and model QC)

Page 9: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Minicoy 00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E31 MAR-22 APR 2009

ID: 43369

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

STD (TEMP)

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11/ 11

7/ 7

5/ 5

2/ 2

1/ 1

1/ 1

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-3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

BIAS (TEMP)

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STD (RELHUM)

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66/ 20

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BIAS (RELHUM)

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00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E22 APR-14 MAY 2009

ID: 43369

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

STD (TEMP)

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96/ 86

85/ 72

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101/ 82

136/ 112

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98/ 83

34/ 31

0/ 0

-3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

BIAS (TEMP)

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STD (RELHUM)

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108/ 47

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141/ 0

155/ 0

220/ 3

135/ 0

93/ 14

83/ 83

68/ 68

71/ 71

99/ 99

130/ 130

98/ 98

95/ 95

87/ 87

50/ 50

2/ 2

0/ 0

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

BIAS (RELHUM)

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Temperature & Humidity analysis before installation

Temperature & Humidity analysis after installation

Page 10: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Mohanbari

Temperature & Humidity analysis before installation

Temperature & Humidity analysis after installation

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E28 FEB- 8 APR 2009

ID: 42314

0 1 2 3 4 5

STD (TEMP)

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26/ 26

7/ 7

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0/ 0

0/ 0

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-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

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STD (RELHUM)

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00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E 8 APR-25 MAY 2009

ID: 42314

0 1 2 3 4 5

STD (TEMP)

1000

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152/ 107

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188/ 136

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129/ 98

111/ 81

127/ 100

147/ 105

178/ 127

154/ 121

109/ 80

101/ 77

118/ 95

44/ 40

0/ 0

-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

BIAS (TEMP)

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STD (RELHUM)

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123/ 123

143/ 143

177/ 177

154/ 154

96/ 96

84/ 84

84/ 84

13/ 13

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BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Page 11: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Mohanbari

Wind analysis before installation

Wind analysis after installation

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E28 FEB- 8 APR 2009

ID: 42314

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

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11/ 0

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BIAS (DIRN)

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STD (SPEED)

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00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E 8 APR-25 MAY 2009

ID: 42314

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

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28/ 0

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Page 12: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Chennai

Temperature & Humidity analysis before installation

Temperature & Humidity analysis after installation

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E28 FEB-12 APR 2009

ID: 43279

0 1 2 3 4 5

STD (TEMP)

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265/ 265

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103/ 103

16/ 16

8/ 8

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0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

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STD (RELHUM)

1000

925

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264/ 92

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166/ 53

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0/ 0

0/ 0

1/ 1

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BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E12 APR-25 MAY 2009

ID: 43279

0 1 2 3 4 5

STD (TEMP)

1000

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149/ 100

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206/ 153

203/ 143

197/ 137

73/ 53

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-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

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238/ 3

218/ 43

174/ 174

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205/ 205

268/ 268

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177/ 177

159/ 159

93/ 93

9/ 9

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BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Page 13: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Chennai

Wind analysis before installation

Wind analysis after installation

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E28 FEB-12 APR 2009

ID: 43279

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

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60/ 1

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51/ 2

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30/ 0

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0/ 0

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BIAS (DIRN)

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

0 2 4 6 8 10

STD (SPEED)

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135/ 45

229/ 0

96/ 0

131/ 1

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-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E12 APR-25 MAY 2009

ID: 43279

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

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36/ 4

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77/ 1

51/ 0

55/ 0

64/ 0

58/ 0

90/ 0

113/ 1

126/ 9

101/ 2

106/ 1

100/ 0

71/ 1

29/ 0

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BIAS (DIRN)

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

0 2 4 6 8 10

STD (SPEED)

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154/ 74

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BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Page 14: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Port Blair

Temperature & Humidity analysis before installation

Temperature & Humidity analysis after installation

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E28 FEB-15 APR 2009

ID: 43333

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

STD (TEMP)

1000

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77/ 77

94/ 94

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45/ 45

43/ 43

51/ 51

64/ 64

25/ 25

20/ 20

13/ 13

2/ 2

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

0 10 20 30 40

STD (RELHUM)

1000

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43/ 9

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91/ 23

56/ 22

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36/ 36

25/ 25

0/ 0

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BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E15 APR-25 MAY 2009

ID: 43333

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

STD (TEMP)

1000

925

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295/ 207

397/ 282

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145/ 103

126/ 90

125/ 90

202/ 132

287/ 219

226/ 174

174/ 140

167/ 137

144/ 110

44/ 22

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-3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

0 10 20 30 40

STD (RELHUM)

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124/ 124

194/ 194

274/ 274

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169/ 169

154/ 154

93/ 93

14/ 14

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BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Page 15: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Port Blair

Wind analysis before installation

Wind analysis after installation

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E28 FEB-15 APR 2009

ID: 43333

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

925

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0/ 0

4/ 0

4/ 0

9/ 0

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13/ 1

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10/ 0

20/ 0

14/ 0

10/ 0

13/ 3

9/ 0

5/ 2

3/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

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BIAS (DIRN)

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

0 2 4 6 8 10

STD (SPEED)

1000

925

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14/ 6

33/ 0

26/ 0

37/ 0

28/ 0

23/ 1

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19/ 0

26/ 0

25/ 0

43/ 0

26/ 4

33/ 0

12/ 2

3/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E15 APR-25 MAY 2009

ID: 43333

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

925

850

700

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00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

18/ 10

36/ 0

24/ 0

63/ 2

75/ 2

52/ 0

34/ 0

37/ 0

48/ 1

38/ 1

105/ 2

108/ 5

69/ 6

67/ 0

77/ 0

45/ 0

29/ 0

0/ 0

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

BIAS (DIRN)

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

0 2 4 6 8 10

STD (SPEED)

1000

925

850

700

500

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00 10 20 30 40 50 60

65/ 49

57/ 0

51/ 0

104/ 2

161/ 2

87/ 0

70/ 0

57/ 0

59/ 1

41/ 1

127/ 2

148/ 5

131/ 6

98/ 0

78/ 0

45/ 0

31/ 0

0/ 0

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Page 16: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Thiruvananthapuram

Temperature & Humidity analysis before installation

Temperature & Humidity analysis after installation

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E31 JAN- 8 MAR 2009

ID: 43371

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

STD (TEMP)

1000

925

850

700

500

400

300

250

200

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

5

00 3 6 9 12 15

94/ 94

77/ 77

95/ 95

154/ 154

156/ 156

91/ 91

66/ 66

39/ 39

52/ 52

87/ 87

52/ 52

18/ 18

14/ 14

3/ 3

2/ 2

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-4-3.5-3-2.5-2-1.5-1-0.50 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

0 10 20 30 40

STD (RELHUM)

1000

925

850

700

500

400

300

250

200

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

5

00 20 40 60 80 100

92/ 0

77/ 1

95/ 3

151/ 13

150/ 7

84/ 8

59/ 29

38/ 38

35/ 35

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E 8 MAR-23 MAY 2009

ID: 43371

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

STD (TEMP)

1000

925

850

700

500

400

300

250

200

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

5

00 3 6 9 12 15

251/ 228

231/ 182

341/ 271

452/ 360

562/ 428

349/ 270

262/ 205

216/ 168

157/ 122

173/ 133

243/ 176

363/ 254

265/ 200

259/ 203

273/ 219

223/ 181

55/ 44

0/ 0

-4-3.5-3-2.5-2-1.5-1-0.50 0.5 1 1.5 22.5 33.5 4

BIAS (TEMP)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15

0 10 20 30 40

STD (RELHUM)

1000

925

850

700

500

400

300

250

200

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

5

00 20 40 60 80 100

248/ 2

226/ 4

338/ 1

441/ 4

546/ 10

329/ 5

230/ 51

81/ 81

29/ 29

28/ 28

46/ 46

75/ 75

43/ 43

35/ 35

32/ 32

20/ 20

2/ 2

0/ 0

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

BIAS (RELHUM)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Page 17: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Wind analysis before installation

Wind analysis after installation

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E31 JAN- 8 MAR 2009

ID: 43371

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

925

850

700

500

400

300

250

200

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

5

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

7/ 0

10/ 0

13/ 0

24/ 0

37/ 0

20/ 0

21/ 0

26/ 1

14/ 0

23/ 0

27/ 0

9/ 1

9/ 2

11/ 8

1/ 1

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

BIAS (DIRN)

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

0 2 4 6 8 10

STD (SPEED)

1000

925

850

700

500

400

300

250

200

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

5

00 10 20 30 40 50 60

27/ 9

64/ 0

48/ 0

43/ 0

68/ 0

59/ 0

55/ 0

38/ 1

40/ 0

40/ 0

59/ 0

18/ 1

14/ 2

21/ 9

1/ 1

0/ 0

0/ 0

0/ 0

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

00/06/12/18 UTC uncorrected data combined90S-180W/90N-180E 8 MAR-23 MAY 2009

ID: 43371

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

STD (DIRN)

1000

925

850

700

500

400

300

250

200

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

5

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

31/ 15

68/ 1

47/ 3

88/ 5

93/ 1

97/ 2

104/ 0

69/ 0

69/ 1

96/ 4

100/ 4

90/ 1

86/ 3

98/ 7

97/ 9

68/ 0

37/ 0

0/ 0

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

BIAS (DIRN)

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

0 2 4 6 8 10

STD (SPEED)

1000

925

850

700

500

400

300

250

200

150

100

70

50

30

20

10

5

00 10 20 30 40 50 60

124/ 64

132/ 2

106/ 3

136/ 5

201/ 1

143/ 2

146/ 0

87/ 0

86/ 1

123/ 4

123/ 5

145/ 1

135/ 4

139/ 8

106/ 10

68/ 0

37/ 0

0/ 0

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

BIAS (SPEED)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Thiruvananthapuram

Page 18: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Mean & Max Height

Mean & Max Height

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)

Thiruvananthapuram Mean Height

Thiruvananthapuram Maximum Height

Mohanbari Mean Height

Mohanbari Maximum Height

Chennai Mean Height

Chennai Maximum Height

Port Blair Mean Height

Port Blair Maximum Height

Minicoy Mean Height

Minicoy Maximum Height

Goa Mean Height

Goa Maximum Height

Hyderabad Mean Height

Hyderabad Maximum Height

Visakhapatnam Mean Height

Visakhapatnam Maximum Height

Patna Mean Height

Patna Maximum Height

Srinagar Mean Height

Srinagar Maximum Height

Page 19: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Ascents beyond 100 hPa

Ascent reached beyond 100 hPa

0

20

40

60

80

100

Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Per

cen

t A

scen

t Thiruvananthapuram <100 hpa

Mohanbari <100 hpa

Chennai <100 hpa

Port Blair <100 hpa

Minicoy <100 hpa

Goa <100 hpa

Hyderabad <100 hpa

Visakhapatnam <100 hpa

Patna <100 hpa

Srinagar <100 hpa

Page 20: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Ascents beyond 20 hPa

Ascent reached beyond 20 hPa

0

20

40

60

80

100

Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Per

cen

t A

scen

t Thiruvananthapuram <20hPa

Mohanbari <20hPa

Chennai <20hPa

Port Blair <20hPa

Minicoy <20hPa

Goa <20hPa

Hyderabad <20hPa

Visakhapatnam <20hPa

Patna <20hPa

Srinagar <20hPa

Page 21: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Performance

Thiruvananthapuram

010203040506070

Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts

No. of total ascents No. of ascents <100 hpa No. of ascents <20hPa

Mohanbari

010203040506070

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

ascen

ts

No. of total ascents No. of ascents <100 hpa No. of ascents <20hPa

Mohanbari

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)

Mean Height (Km) Maximum Height (Km)

Thiruvananthapuram

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)

Mean Height (Km) Maximum Height (Km)

Page 22: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

PerformanceChennai

0

20

40

60

80

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts

No. of total ascents No. of ascents <100 hpa No. of ascents <20hPa

Portblair

0

20

40

60

80

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts

No. of total ascents No. of ascents <100 hpa No. of ascents <20hPa

Chennai

0.010.020.030.040.050.0

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)

Mean Height (Km) Maximum Height (Km)

Portblair

0.010.0

20.030.0

40.050.0

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)

Mean Height (Km) Maximum Height (Km)

Page 23: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

PerformanceMinicoy

0

20

40

60

80

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts

No. of total ascents No. of ascents <100 hpa No. of ascents <20hPa

Goa

0

2040

60

80

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts

No. of total ascents No. of ascents <100 hpa No. of ascents <20hPa

Minicoy

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)

Mean Height (Km) Maximum Height (Km)

Goa

0.010.020.030.040.0

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)

Mean Height (Km) Maximum Height (Km)

Page 24: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Performance

Hyderabad

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

May-09 J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10

Month

No. of total ascents No. of ascents <100 hpa No. of ascents <20hPa

Visakhapatnam

0

20

40

60

80

May-09

Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09 Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10 Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts

No. of total ascents No. of ascents <100 hpa No. of ascents <20hPa

Hyderabad

0.0

10.020.0

30.0

40.0

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)

Mean Height (Km) Maximum Height (Km)

Visakhapatnam

0.010.020.030.040.050.0

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)

Mean Height (Km) Maximum Height (Km)

Page 25: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Performance

Patna

0

20

40

60

80

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts

No. of total ascents No. of ascents <100 hpa No. of ascents <20hPa

Srinagar

0

2040

60

80

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

No

. of

asce

nts

No. of total ascents No. of ascents <100 hpa No. of ascents <20hPa

Patna

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09 Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Jan-10

Feb-10

Mar-10

Apr-10

Month

Hei

gh

t (K

m)

Mean Height (Km) Maximum Height (Km)

Srinagar

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

May-09 J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10

Month

Mean Height (Km) Maximum Height (Km)

Page 26: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Performance summary Improvement in quality may be summarized as mentioned below:

• Random large fluctuations have reduced on daily scale.

• Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) and bias of temperature observations from respective guess for different levels have reduced considerably.

• Difference (O-B) between observations (O) and first guess (B) have reduced at all levels.

• Observations are accepted by global/regional models.

• Rejections of specific humidity observations have reduced substantially.

• Maximum height reported has increased significantly.

Page 27: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Performance

To achieve completeness and timeliness of the collection of observational data at the center concerned TEMP data generated from these stations has been broadcasted to GTS through SOCKET transmission. This has substantially reduced the submission time of TEMP on GTS. Now the data is available to modelers in time.

Web based portal for on line monitoring of Upper air network has also been started. Performance of the ascents, 100hPa performance, achieved heights, message dissemination time, Total number of ascents taken, MISDA reported, comparative performance of the all stations, stock statement etc can be monitored.

Page 28: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Indigenous Development Further GPS radiosonde along with 1680 MHz

ground system, acquisition & processing software has also been developed indigenously to make the IMD Self reliance in latest state of the art upper air sounding systems.

Data from the indigenous GPS radiosonde has been analyzed and results are encouraging. The sonde will be inducted into the operational network after evaluation.

Page 29: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Future Plans To further upgrade the network another 13 stations of the

network have been planned to be upgraded in 2010. Locations of the stations have been identified as per the NWP requirements and representativeness of the network. After the installation at these locations upgradation at 24 stations will be completed.

It is also being planned to upgrade all the remaining stations of the network in the next phase of modernization to ensure operational performance and data quality.

At present none of the Indian stations are the member of Global Upper Air Network (GUAN). To establish national commitments for the preservation of a minimum set of upper-air stations and to build a collection of validated data from these stations in standardized formats, 5 stations namely New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai & Nagpur have been proposed to be part of GUAN.

Page 30: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Future Plans

Page 31: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Conclusion IMD is undergoing modernization to upgrade its observational

network with state of art technology. New system has been installed at 11 stations. Another 13 stations of the network are in the process of upgradation.

Standards of data quality required by the Numerical weather Prediction (NWP) centers have been achieved at upgraded 11 stations, which will be extended to 24 stations including 5 GUAN stations after ensuring operational performance and data quality.

GPS radiosonde along with 1680 MHz ground system, acquisition & processing software has also been developed indigenously to make the IMD Self reliance in latest state of the art upper air sounding systems in future.

Remaining stations of the network have also been planned for upgradation in the next phase of modernization to ensure operational performance and data quality at all 39 stations.

Page 32: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

References M. Das Gupta, Someshwar Das, K. Prasanthi, P.K. Pradhan and U.C.

Mohanty, 2005: Validation of Upper-air observations taken during ARMEX-I and its impact on global analysis-forecast system, Mausam, 56, 1, 139-14.

M. Das Gupta, National Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF): Report on “Quality of observations from Indian Stations”, 2009.

A. Kats, A. Naumov and A. Ivanov: NATIONAL UPPER-AIR NETWORK PERFORMANCE MONITORING, TASKS AND EXPERIENCE, TECO-2008.

Hollingsworth, A., D. Shaw, P. Lönnberg, L. Illari, K. Arpe, and A. Simmons, 1986: Monitoring of Observation and Analysis Quality by a Data Assimilation System. Monthly Weather Review, Vol 114, No. 5, pp. 861–879.

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), 2009: Global Data Reports.

Page 33: Upgradation of Indian Radiosonde network: Performance & Future Plans

Thank You