Updates to Chapter 3 of the Modelling and Mapping Manual and other activities Harry Harmens and Gina...
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Updates to Chapter 3 of the Modelling and Mapping Manual and other activities Harry Harmens and Gina Mills (ICP Vegetation, CEH Bangor, UK) * Supported
Updates to Chapter 3 of the Modelling and Mapping Manual and
other activities Harry Harmens and Gina Mills (ICP Vegetation, CEH
Bangor, UK) * Supported by Defra (UK), NERC (UK) & UNECE 30 th
ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome
Slide 2
27 th ICP Vegetation TFM, Paris 28 30 January 2014, Paris.
Hosted by the French Environment and Energy Management Agency
(ADEME), in collaboration with AgroParisTech, INRA, Musum national
dHistoire naturelle (MNHN) and Universit Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC)
84 experts from 22 countries attended the meeting 28 January:
one-day ozone critical levels workshop to review current status and
make recommendations for amendments to Chapter 3 of the Modelling
and Mapping Manual: Mapping critical levels for vegetation.
Discussion continued during TFM. 30 th ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April
2014, Rome
Slide 3
Revisions main text Chapter 3 (1) No changes to the existing
critical levels New references included where ozone response
functions and supporting evidence for ozone critical levels have
been published Text related to integrated assessment modelling
(Section 3.5.2.6) updated: o New terminology for the simplified
generic ozone flux POD Y IAM will replace POD Y gen (POD Y =
Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a flux threshold of Y nmol m -2 s -1 )
30 th ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome
Slide 4
For use in scenario analysis and optimisation runs within GAINS
to provide indication of potential effects on wheat yield under
non-limiting water availability Two parameterisations flux model:
1) Northern & Central Europe, 2) Mediterrannean areas (as
defined in the M&M Manual) New POD 3 IAM effect relationship
for use in integrated assessment modelling at European scale only
(for effects of ozone on wheat, 90 d exposure period) Critical
level: 8 mmol m -2 (representing 5% yield decline) Revisions main
text Chapter 3 (2)
Slide 5
Revisions Annexes Chapter 3 Crops: Parameterisations flux model
for grapevine, maize, soybean and sunflower Revised Mediterranean
flux parameterisation for wheat (bread and durum wheat) References
to additional published flux models for local-scale application in
the Mediterranean region for bean, barley and tomato Trees:
Parameterisation ozone flux model for poplar (Semi-)natural
vegetation: Reference to additional published flux model for
local-scale application for Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) 30 th
ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome
Slide 6
Ozone & food security GP2005 GP CLE 2020GP CLE2030 Revised
Gothenburg Protocol: Mean yield loss* (%) for 27+NO+CH: 12.4% for
GP2005, 10.3% for GP CLE2020 * Generic crop flux model (IAM),
assumes no water limitation Data included in Guidance Document for
Environmental Improvements (ECE/EB.AIR/2013/8) In 2000, ozone
reduced wheat yield by 14%, loss of 3.2 billion in EU27+CH+NO
(Mills and Harmens, 2011; full wheat flux model) Ozone and food
security 30 th ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome
Slide 7
Faroe Islands Iceland Shetland Lewis Auchencorth Harwell CLAIRE
Mills, UK
Slide 8
Literature review ozone in ECLAIRE database 216 papers in the
database Seven categories of vegetation Reduced to three broader
categories for the purpose of analysis Crops Bog/fen/wetland
Grassland Coniferous trees Deciduous trees Mixed trees Other Crops
Trees Other veg 30 th ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome
Slide 9
Crops relative biomass: preliminary results Meta analysis
indicates a 25% to 45% decrease in plant biomass at a ozone
daylight level of 100 ppb (relative to carbon-filtered air) 30 th
ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome
Slide 10
Other veg. relative biomass: preliminary results 30 th ICP
M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome
Slide 11
Photosynthesis preliminary results CROPS Net photosynthetic
rate: - Significant decline with increase in daylight ozone
(cereals) A sat (light-saturated rate of net photosynthesis): -
Significant decline with increase in daylight ozone - Non-cereals
more affected than cereals V cmax (maximum rate of Rubisco
carboxylase activity): - Significant decline with increase in
daylight ozone OTHER VEGETATION No significant effects of ozone on
photosynthesis (wide confidence intervals due to lack of data; only
3 papers) 30 th ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome
Slide 12
Smart phone App. Recording incidences of leaf ozone injury
Smart-phone App. linked to ICP Vegetation web site Location on
interactive map 30 th ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome
Slide 13
Smart phone App. set up Registration Level of experience
Permission to use data Date and location Broad vegetation type
& species (crops, trees, grassland, heathland, wetland &
coastal) Upload photos Symptoms of ozone injury Evidence of other
injury Weather Ozone pollution (if known) 30 th ICP M&M TFM,
7-10 April 2014, Rome
Slide 14
Ozone injury brochure
Slide 15
With contributions from: CCE (critical loads data & maps)
EMEP/MSC-West (ozone flux and concentration) EMEP/MSC-East (HM and
POPs data and maps) SEI-York (South-East Asia) EECCA/SEE and
South-East Asia report
Slide 16
EMEP monitoring stations Lack of stations in SEE and EECCA
region Also true for effects monitoring
Slide 17
Nitrogen CLoad exceedance 30 th ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April
2014, Rome N Cload exceedance generally higher in Western &
Central Europe Improvements generally lower in EECCA countries
Slide 18
Risk of ozone damage to forests Concentration-basedFlux-based
South-East Europe at highest risk * Flux-based: assumes no water
limitation 30 th ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome
Slide 19
CdPbHg Modelled deposition and CLoad exceedance
Slide 20
Coordination European Moss Survey transferred to the Russian
Federation: Marina Frontasyeva, JINR, Dubna: Extending
participation EECCA countries Next European moss survey in 2015/16
30 th ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome European moss
survey
Slide 21
Annual activities: Report on supporting evidence for ozone
impacts on vegetation Report on progress with the moss survey
2015/2016 Contributions to common workplan items of the WGE 2015:
Report on implications of rising background ozone for vegetation in
Europe Report on the interacting effects ozone and N and climatic
stresses on vegetation Tentatively for 2016: Report on field-based
evidence of ozone impacts on vegetation Report on ozone impacts on
biodiversity Ozone critical levels workshop Medium-term workplan
(1) 30 th ICP M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome
Slide 22
Tentatively for 2017: Report on revised ozone risk assessments
methods Revision of Chapter 3 of the Modelling and Mapping Manual
Final report of the European moss survey 2015/2016 28 th ICP
Vegetation Task Force meeting, first week of February 2015, Rome
Thank you for your attention! Medium-term workplan (2) 30 th ICP
M&M TFM, 7-10 April 2014, Rome