Updates in Civil Procedure

8/17/2019 Updates in Civil Procedure

1/31

UPDATES IN CIVIL PROCEDURE

Justice Magdangal M. de Leon

ACTIONS IN GENERAL

Basic rule in fling o action Rule !" Secs# $%&'

(# )or one cause o action one *elict or +rong'" fle onl, ONE ACTION or

suit# Generall," NO SPLITTING A SINGLE CAUSE O) ACTION# Reasons- a# to

a.oi* /ulti0licit, o suits1 2# to /ini/i3e e40enses" incon.enience an*

5arass/ent#

!# Re/e*, against s0litting a single cause o action t+o co/0laints

se0aratel, fle* or one action' % *een*ant /a, fle-

a# /otion to *is/iss on t5e groun* o

(' litis pendentia" i frst co/0laint is still 0en*ing Rule (6" Sec# ( 7e8'

!' res judicata" i frst co/0laint is ter/inate* 2, fnal 9u*g/ent Rule (6"Sec# ( 78'

2# ans+er alleging eit5er o a2o.e groun*s as a:r/ati.e *eense Rule

(6" Sec# 6'

I *een*ant ails to raise groun* on ti/e" 5e is *ee/e* to 5a.e ;AIVED

t5e/# S0litting /ust 2e '

(# Co/0liance +it5 t5e rules on 9oin*er o 0arties un*er Rule $" Sec# 6#

!# A 0art, cannot 9oin in an or*inar, action an, o t5e s0ecial ci.il actions#

? Reason- s0ecial ci.il actions are go.erne* 2, s0ecial rules#

$# ;5ere t5e causes o action are 2et+een t5e SA@E PARTIES 2ut 0ertain

to DI))ERENT VENUES OR URISDICTIONS" t5e 9oin*er /a, 2e allo+e* in

t5e RTC" 0ro.i*e* ONE O) TE CAUSES O) ACTION alls +it5in t5e

9uris*iction o t5e RTC an* t5e .enue lies t5erein#


2/31

/ception- E9ect/ent case /a, not 2e 9oine* +it5 an action +it5in t5e 9uris*iction o t5e RTC as t5e sa/e co/es +it5in t5e e4clusi.e 9uris*iction

o t5e @TC#

Hoever " i a 0art, in.oes t5e 9uris*iction o t5e court" 5e cannott5ereater c5allenge t5e courts 9uris*iction in t5e sa/e case# e is 2arre*

2, esto00el ro/ *oing so# 0Hinog vs. Melicor" $.R. %o. &1(231" !pril &,",((3-

N#B# As to 9oin*er in t5e @TC" it /ust 5a.e 9uris*iction o.er ALL TE

CAUSES O) ACTION an* /ust 5a.e co//on .enue#

;5ere t5e clai/s in all t5e causes o action are 0rinci0all, or reco.er,

o /one," 9uris*iction is *eter/ine* 2, t5e AGGREGATE OR TOTAL

A@OUNT clai/e* totalit, rule'#

N#B# T5e totalit, rule a00lies onl, to t5e @TC ? totalit, o clai/s cannot

e4cee* t5e 9uris*ictional a/ount o t5e @TC#

T5ere is no totalit, rule or t5e RTC 2ecause its 9uris*ictional a/ount is

+it5out li/it# E4c# In ta4 cases +5ere t5e li/it is 2elo+ P( /illion#

A/ounts o P( /illion or /ore all +it5in t5e 9uris*iction o t5e CTA#

Lac o legal ca0acit, to sue ? 0laintis general *isa2ilit, to sue" suc5 as

on account o /inorit," insanit," inco/0etence" lac o 9uri*ical

0ersonalit, or an, ot5er general *is


3/31

In a case in.ol.ing constitutional issues" Fstan*ing or locus standi /eansa 0ersonal interest in t5e case suc5 t5at t5e 0art, 5as sustaine* or +ill

sustaine* DIRECT INURH as a result o t5e go.ern/ent act t5at is 2eing

c5allenge*#

To 5a.e legal stan*ing" t5e 0etitioner /ust 5a.e DIRECT" PERSONAL an*

SUBSTANTIAL INTEREST to 0rotect# ere" 0etitioners" retire* COAC5air/en an* Co//issioners" 5a.e not s5o+n an, *irect an* 0ersonal

interest in t5e COA Organi3ational Restructuring Plan# T5ere is no

in*ication t5at t5e, 5a.e sustaine* or are in i//inent *anger o

sustaining so/e *irect in9ur, as a result o its i/0le/entation# Clearl,"

t5e, 5a.e no legal stan*ing to fle t5e instant suit 9omingo vs. Carague"&>6 SCRA &> 7!>8'#

;5ere t5e o2ligation o t5e 0arties is soli*ar," eit5er o t5e 0arties is

in*is0ensa2le" an* t5e ot5er is not e.en a necessar, 0art, 2ecause

co/0lete relie is a.aila2le ro/ eit5er# Cere:o vs. ;ua:on" $.R. %o.

&1&3


4/31

0arties /a, 2e *ela,e* or 0re9u*ice*" or +5et5er t5e inter.enors rig5ts

/a, 2e 0rotecte* in a se0arate 0rocee*ing or not#

Legal interest /ust 2e o suc5 DIRECT an* I@@EDIATE c5aracter t5at t5e

inter.enor +ill eit5er gain or lose 2, *irect legal o0eration an* eect o

t5e 9u*g/ent# Suc5 interest /ust 2e actual" *irect an* /aterial" an* not

si/0l, contingent an* e40ectant# 0?ere: vs. C!" $.R. %o. &),3'(. January,*" ,(()-

;5at is t5e eect o non%su2stitution o a *ecease* 0art,=

Non%co/0liance +it5 t5e rule on su2stitution +oul* ren*er t5e

0rocee*ings an* 9u*g/ent o t5e trial court infr/ 2ecause t5e court

ac


5/31

SELECTION O) COURT

Su29ect /atter 9uris*iction is conerre* 2, la+# At t5e ti/e 0etitioner fle*

5is suit in t5e trial court" statutor, la+ .ests on Regional Trial Courts

e4clusi.e original 9uris*iction o.er ci.il actions inca0a2le o 0ecuniar,

esti/ation# An action or s0ecifc 0eror/ance" suc5 as 0etitioners suit to

enorce t5e Agree/ent on 9oint c5il* custo*," 2elongs to t5is s0ecies oactions# Herald Black 9acasin vs. Sharon 9el Mundo 9acasin" $.R. %o.

&)'*'3" 8ebruary 3" ,(&(-

T5e ar2itration clause is a co//it/ent on t5e 0art o t5e 0arties to

su2/it to ar2itration t5e *is0utes co.ere* since t5at clause is 2in*ing"

an* t5e, are e40ecte* to a2i*e 2, it in goo* ait5# Clearl," t5e RTC s5oul*

not 5a.e taen cogni3ance o t5e collection suit# T5e 0resence o t5e

ar2itration clause .este* 9uris*iction on t5e CIAC o.er all construction

*is0utes 2et+een Petitioner an* @ulti%Ric5# T5e RTC *oes not 5a.e

9uris*iction. 0/cellent 6uality !pparel" #nc. vs. 7in Multi Rich Builders"

#nc." represented by its president" 7ilson $. Chua" $.R. %o. &*3(1'"8ebruary &(" ,((2-

;5at is 5ierarc5, o courts=

Pursuant to t5is *octrine" *irect resort ro/ t5e lo+er courts to t5e

Su0re/e Court +ill not 2e entertaine* unless t5e a00ro0riate re/e*,

cannot 2e o2taine* in t5e lo+er tri2unals#

Rationale- a' to 0re.ent inor*inate *e/an*s u0on t5e SCs ti/e an*

attention +5ic5 are 2etter *e.ote* to t5ose /atters +it5in its e4clusi.e

9uris*iction" an* 2' to 0re.ent urt5er o.ercro+*ing o t5e SCs *ocet#

T5us" alt5oug5 t5e SC" CA an* t5e RTC 5a.e CONCURRRENT 9uris*iction toissue +rits o certiorari" 0ro5i2ition" /an*a/us"


6/31

transaction" t5e .enue is in t5e court o an, o t5e 0ro.inces +5erein a

0arcel o lan* is situate* =nited +verseas Bank ?hils. 0>ormerly

7estmont Bank- vs. Rosemoore Mining A 9evelopment Corp."$.R. %os.&32))2 A &)alcon vs# as@ue:" G#R# No#(6>(6" une

(" !'

Su2stitute* ser.ice on resi*ent *een*ant te/0oraril, out o t5e countr,#

T5e S5eris Return state* t5at 0ri.ate res0on*ent +as out o t5e


7/31

countr,1 T5us" t5e ser.ice o su//ons +as /a*e at 5er resi*ence +it5

5er 5us2an*" Alre*o P# Agu*o" acno+le*ging recei0t t5ereo# Alre*o +as

0resu/a2l, o suita2le age an* *iscretion" +5o +as resi*ing in t5at 0lace

an*"t5ereore" +as co/0etent to recei.e t5e su//ons on 0ri.ate

res0on*ents 2e5al# T5e RTC 5a* in*ee* ac


8/31

General rule- fling 0lea*ings seeing a:r/ati.e relie constitutes

.oluntar, a00earance an* t5e conse


9/31

RTC to .ali*l, ac" !6'

Not atal *eect +5en onl, one 0etitioner signe* t5e certifcation o non%oru/ s5o00ing

Suc5 act is not atal to t5e 0etition 2ecause it satisifes t5e re


10/31

cor0oration# 0#nternational Construction #nc. vs. 8eb Leasing and 8inancing

Corp." $.R. %o. &3*&23" !pril ,," ,((3-

T5e lac o certifcation against oru/ s5o00ing is generall, not cura2le

2, t5e su2/ission t5ereo ater t5e fling o t5e 0etition# Section > o Rule

&> 0ro.i*es t5at t5e ailure o t5e 0etitioner to su2/it t5e re !ppeals" (6& SCRA &!(" &!%&!

(K'-

9ue respect >or the Supreme Courtand practical and ethicalconsiderations s5oul* 5a.e 0ro/0te* t5e a00ellate court to +ait or t5e

fnal *eter/ination o t5e 0etition 2eore taing cogni3ance o t5e case

an* tr,ing to ren*er /oot e4actl, +5at +as 2eore t5is court 4 4 4# T5is

Court e40laine*" 5o+e.er" t5at t5e rule on F9u*icial courtes, a00lies

+5ere Ft5ere is a STRONG PROBABILITH t5at t5e issues 2eore t5e 5ig5er


11/31

court +oul* 2e ren*ere* @OOT AND @ORIBUND as a result o t5e

continuation o t5e 0rocee*ings in t5e lo+er court or court o origin#

Republic vs. Sandiganbayan" $.R. %o. &))'32" June ,)" ,(()-

Eect o a/en*/ent o Rule 6>" Section 2, A#@# No# %%(!%SC"

Dece/2er (!" ! on t5e 0rinci0le o 9u*icial courtes, # u*icial courtes,

can no longer 2e use* as an e4cuse 2, courts or tri2unals not to 0rocee*+it5 t5e 0rinci0al case#

Section #/pediting proceedingsG injunctive relie>. E T5e court in +5ic5

t5e 0etition is fle* /a, issue or*ers e40e*iting t5e 0rocee*ings" an* it

/a, also grant a te/0orar, restraining or*er or a +rit o 0reli/inar,

in9unction or t5e 0reser.ation o t5e rig5ts o t5e 0arties 0en*ing suc5

0rocee*ings# T5e 0etition s5all not interru0t t5e course o t5e 0rinci0al

case unless a te/0orar, restraining or*er or a +rit o 0reli/inar,

in9unction 5as 2een issue* against t5e 0u2lic res0on*ent ro/ urt5er

0rocee*ing in t5e case#

T5e 0u2lic res0on*ent s5all 0rocee* +it5 t5e 0rinci0al case +it5in ten ('*a,s ro/ t5e fling o a 0etition or certiorari +it5 a 5ig5er court ortri2unal" a2sent a te/0orar, restraining or*er or a 0reli/inar, in9unction"

or u0on its e40iration# )ailure o t5e 0u2lic res0on*ent to 0rocee* +it5

t5e 0rinci0al case /a, 2e a groun* or an a*/inistrati.e c5arge#

A co/0ulsor, counterclai/ *oes not re


12/31

$# ;ill su2stantiall, t5e sa/e e.i*ence su00ort or reute 0laintis clai/

as +ell as *een*ants counterclai/=

Is t5ere an, logical relation 2et+een t5e clai/ an* t5e counterclai/=

T5e e.i*ence o t5e 0etitioner on its clai/ in its co/0laint" an* t5at o t5e

res0on*ents on t5eir counterclai/s are t5us *ierent# T5ere is" lie+ise"no logical relation 2et+een t5e clai/ o t5e 0etitioner an* t5e

counterclai/ o t5e res0on*ents# ence" t5e counterclai/ o t5e

res0on*ents is an initiator, 0lea*ing" +5ic5 re


13/31

Un*er Section 6" Rule (6 o t5e Rules o Court" t5e *een*ant /a,

reiterate an, o t5e groun*s or *is/issal 0ro.i*e* un*er Rule (6 o t5e

Rules o Court as a:r/ati.e *eenses 2ut a 0reli/inar, 5earing /a, no

longer 2e 5a* t5ereon i a /otion to *is/iss 5a* alrea*, 2een fle*# T5is

section" 5o+e.er" *oes not reconte/0late a situation" suc5 as t5e one

o2taining in t5is case" +5ere t5ere are se.eral *een*ants 2ut onl, onefle* a /otion to *is/iss# 0!brajano vs. Salas" Jr." $.R. %o. &3''23.

8ebruary &)" ,(()-

NOTICE O) DIS@ISSAL O) CO@PLAINTun*er Rule (" Sec# (

T5e trial court 5as no *iscretion or o0tion to *en, t5e /otion" since

*is/issal 2, t5e 0lainti un*er Section (" Rule ( is guarantee* as a

/atter o rig5t to t5e 0laintis# E.en i t5e /otion cites t5e /ost

ri*iculous o groun*s or *is/issal" t5e trial court 5as no c5oice 2ut to

consi*er t5e co/0laint as *is/isse*" since t5e 0lainti /a, o0t or suc5

*is/issal as a /atter o rig5t" regar*less o groun* +.B. Jovenir

Construction and 9evelopment Corp. vs. Macamir Realty and C!" $.R# %o.& !ppeals" $.R. %o. &)1*2*" 8ebruary & !ppeals vs.

!lvare:" $.R. %o. &1,1


14/31

?inga vs. Santiago +5ic5 reers to instances co.ere* 2, Section $" Rule (on *is/issal o t5e co/0laint *ue to t5e ault o t5e 0lainti also a00lies

+5ere t5e *is/issal o t5e co/0laint +as u0on t5e instance o t5e

0etitioner +5o correctl, argue* lac o 9uris*iction o.er its 0erson#

Petitioners counterclai/ against res0on*ent is or *a/ages an*

attorne,s ees arising ro/ t5e unoun*e* suit# ;5ile res0on*entsco/0laint against 0etitioner is alrea*, *is/isse*" 0etitioner /a, 5a.e

.er, +ell alrea*, incurre* *a/ages an* litigation e40enses suc5 as

attorne,s ees since it +as orce* to engage legal re0resentation in t5e

P5ili00ines to 0rotect its rig5ts an* to assert lac o 9uris*iction o t5e

courts o.er its 0erson 2, .irtue o t5e i/0ro0er ser.ice o su//ons u0on

it# ence" t5e cause o action o 0etitioners counterclai/ is not

eli/inate* 2, t5e /ere *is/issal o res0on*ents co/0laint# ?erkin lmer Singapore ?te Ltd. vs. 9akila ;rading Corporation" G#R# No# (!!&!"August (&" !'

Re/e*, ro/ or*er o *is/issal or ailure to 0rosecute ? or*inar, a00eal#An or*er o *is/issal or ailure to 0rosecute 5as t5e eect o an

a*9u*ication on t5e /erits# Petitioners counsel s5oul* 5a.e fle* a notice

o a00eal +it5 t5e a00ellate court +it5in t5e regle/entar, 0erio*# Instea*

o fling a 0etition un*er Rule &> o t5e Rules o Court" t5e 0ro0er recourse

+as an or*inar, a00eal +it5 t5e Court o A00eals un*er Rule &(# Do vs.

?%B" 1*2 SCR! ,2'" January ,(" ,(()-

Eect o *eclaration o *eault#

T5e /ere act t5at a *een*ant is *eclare* in *eault *oes not

auto/aticall, result in t5e grant o t5e 0ra,ers o t5e 0lainti# To +in" t5e

latter /ust still 0resent t5e sa/e


15/31

e4 0arte# T5e sa/e 0ro.ision also sets *o+n gui*elines on t5e nature an*

e4tent o t5e relie t5at /a, 2e grante*# In 0articular" t5e courts

9u*g/ent s5all not e4cee* t5e a/ount or 2e *ierent in in* ro/ t5at

0ra,e* or nor a+ar* unliacturing Corp. vs. LeyConstruction and 9evelopment Corp." $.R. %o. &1*&1orm"

$.R. %o. &3)


16/31

)or su//ar, 9u*g/ent to 2e 0ro0er" t+o !' re Communications vs. Spouses $o "

$.R. %o. &*33&1" 8ebruary &1" ,(&&'

T5e trial court cannot /otu 0ro0rio *eci*e t5at su//ar, 9u*g/ent on an

action is in or*er#Un*er t5e a00lica2le 0ro.isions o Rule $>" t5e *een*ing

0art, or t5e clai/ant" as t5e case /a, 2e" /ust in.oe t5e rule on

su//ar, 9u*g/ent 2, fling a /otion# T5e a*.erse 0art, /ust 2e notife*

o t5e /otion or su//ar, 9u*g/ent an* urnis5e* +it5 su00ortinga:*a.its" *e0ositions or a*/issions 2eore 5earing is con*ucte*# @ore

i/0ortantl," a su//ar, 9u*g/ent is 0er/itte* onl, i t5ere is no genuine

issue as to an, /aterial act an* a /o.ing 0art, is entitle* to a 9u*g/ent

as a /atter o la+. 0?ineda vs. $uevara" $.R. %o. &1


17/31

Lac o cause o action /a, 2e cure* 2, e.i*ence 0resente* *uring t5e

trial an* a/en*/ents to conor/ to t5e e.i*ence#

A/en*/ents o 0lea*ings are allo+e* un*er Rule ( o t5e (KK Rules o

Ci.il Proce*ure in or*er t5at t5e actual /erits o a case /a, 2e

*eter/ine* in t5e /ost e40e*itious an* ine40ensi.e /anner +it5out

regar* to tec5nicalities" an* t5at all ot5er /atters inclu*e* in t5e case/a, 2e *eter/ine* in a single 0rocee*ing" t5ere2, a.oi*ing /ulti0licit, o

suits# Section > t5ereo a00lies to situations +5erein e.i*ence not +it5in

t5e issues raise* in t5e 0lea*ings is 0resente* 2, t5e 0arties *uring t5e

trial" an* to conor/ to suc5 e.i*ence t5e 0lea*ings are su2se Baguio" #nc." $.R. %o. &32&'2" 8ebruary ,&" ,((*-


18/31

APPEAL AND REVIE;

T5e Su0re/e Court /a, re.ie+ actual fn*ings o t5e trial court an* t5e

Court o A00eals

T5e 0etitioner a*/its t5at t5e issues on a00eal are actual# Un*er Rule &>

o t5e Rules o Court" onl,


19/31

/erits" 2ut s5all *eci*e t5e case on t5e 2asis o t5e e.i*ence 0resente* in

t5e lo+er court" +it5out 0re9u*ice to t5e a*/ission o t5e a/en*e*

0lea*ings an* a**itional e.i*ence in t5e interest o 9ustice# 0ncarnacionvs. !migo" $.R. %o. &)2*2 ot5e Rules o Court allo+s t5e +it5*ra+al o a00eal at an, ti/e" as a

/atter o rig5t" 2eore t5e fling o t5e a00ellees 2rie# A00l,ing t5is rule

conte4tuall," t5e fling o t5e @otion or Reconsi*eration /a, 2e *ee/e*

as an eecti.e +it5*ra+al o t5e *eecti.e Notice o A00eal# 0Ross Rica

Sales Center" #nc. vs. +ng" $.R. %o. &


20/31

or*inar, re/e*ies o ne+ trial" a00eal" 0etition or relie or ot5er

a00ro0riate re/e*ies

arenolongera.aila2let5roug5noaultot5e0etitioner# A 0etition or

annul/ent o 9u*g/ent un*er Rule & is a re/e*, grante* onl, un*er

e4ce0tional circu/stances +5ere a 0art," +it5out ault on 5is 0art" 5as

aile* to a.ail o t5e or*inar, or ot5er a00ro0riate re/e*ies 0ro.i*e* 2,la+# Suc5 action is ne.er resorte* to as a su2stitute or a 0art,s o+n

neglect in not 0ro/0tl, a.ailing o t5e or*inar, or ot5er a00ro0riate

re/e*ies# Republic o> the ?hilippines vs. Spouses 9e Castro " G#R# No#

(K!&" )e2ruar, " !(('

Rule & a00lies onl, to annul/ent 2, t5e Court o A00eals o 9u*g/ents or

fnal or*ers an* resolutions in ci.il cases o Regional Trial Courts ? it *oes

not a00l, to cri/inal actions ?eople vs. Bitanga" $.R. %o. &32,,," June ,),((*-G fnal 9u*g/ents or or*ers o


21/31

t5e Rules o Court# 9B? vs. Spouses $atal" $.R. %o. &ormerly +C! #.?.#. %o. (,E&1,2E?-"

March &)" ,((3-

Venue o action or re.i.al o 9u*g/ent

I t5e action or re.i.al o 9u*g/ent aects title to or 0ossession o real

0ro0ert," or interest t5erein" t5en it is a real action t5at /ust 2e fle* +it5

t5e court o t5e 0lace +5ere t5e real 0ro0ert, is locate*# #n>ante vs. !ranBuilders" #nc#" G#R# No# (>6>K6" August !&" !'

PROVISIONAL RE@EDIES

I/0ro0er issuance an* ser.ice o +rit o attac5/ent

A *istinction s5oul* 2e /a*e 2et+een issuance an* i/0le/entation o t5e

+rit o attac5/ent# T5is is necessar, to *eter/ine +5en 9uris*iction o.er

t5e *een*ant s5oul* 2e ac


22/31

0ro0ert, +5ic5 not5ing can su2se " &>( SCRA 66&" 6'#

u*ges aut5orit, to issue a +rit o 0reli/inar, in9unction onl, +it5in

5isJ5er territorial 9uris*iction

As t5e 0resi*ing 9u*ge o RTC" @ara+i Cit," 5e s5oul* 5a.e no+n t5at

@aati Cit, +as +a, 2e,on* t5e 2oun*aries o 5is territorial 9uris*iction

insoar as enorcing a +rit o 0reli/inar, in9unction is concerne*# Section

!( (' o B#P# Blg# (!K" as a/en*e*" 0ro.i*es t5at t5e RTC s5all e4erciseoriginal 9uris*iction in t5e issuance o +rits o certiorari" 0ro5i2ition"

/an*a/us" ' or in a 0etition or certiorari" 0ro5i2ition or

/an*a/us Section o Rule 6>'# In t5e case at 2ar" 0etitioners

co/0laint%in%inter.ention in Ci.il Case No# %(K6 +as 0en*ing 2eore

Branc5 !>6 o t5e @untinlu0a RTC" not +it5 t5e a00ellate court#

0!llgemeineEBauEChemie ?hils." #nc." vs. Metropolitan Bank A ;rust Co."

Honorable %. C. ?erello" G#R# No# (>K!K6 " )e2ruar, (" !6 -.

In9unction to restrain e4tra9u*icial oreclosure in.ol.ing se.eral 0arcels

locate* in *ierent 0ro.inces

Se0arate in9unction suits /a, 2e fle* or 2reac5 o /ortgage contract

+it5 in9unction to restrain e4tra9u*icial oreclosure 0rocee*ings o

/ortgage* 0ro0erties locate* in *ierent 0ro.inces +it5out .iolating t5e

rule against oru/ s5o00ing since in9unction is enorcea2le onl, +it5in t5e


23/31

territorial li/its o t5e trial court" t5us t5e /ortgagor is let +it5out

re/e*, as to t5e 0ro0erties locate* outsi*e t5e 9uris*iction o t5e issuing

court unless an a00lication or in9unction is /a*e +it5 anot5er court +5ic5

5as 9uris*iction o.er t5e latter court Benguet Management Corporation

vs. Court o> !ppeals" Se0te/2er (" !$" &(( SCRA $& -.

CANGE IN TE RULE

T5e last 0aragra05 +5ic5 +as a**e* to Section >" Rule > states t5at a

5ig5er court RTC" Court o A00eals" San*igan2a,an" Court o Ta4 A00eals'

+5ic5 issues a +rit o 0reli/inar, in9unction against a lo+er court" 2oar*"

o:cer or


24/31

!" !# ence" 0etitions or certiorari /ust 2e fle* strictl, +it5in 6

*a,s ro/ notice o 9u*g/ent or ro/ t5e or*er *en,ing a /otion or

reconsi*eration#

I t5e Court inten*e* to retain t5e aut5orit, o t5e 0ro0er courts to grant

e4tensions un*er Section & o Rule 6>" t5e 0aragra05 0ro.i*ing or suc5

aut5orit, +oul* 5a.e 2een 0reser.e*# T5e re/o.al o t5e sai* 0aragra05un*er t5e a/en*/ent 2, A#@# No# %%(!%SC o Section &" Rule 6> si/0l,

/eant t5at t5ere can no longer 2e an, e4tension o t5e 6%*a, 0erio*

+it5in +5ic5 to fle a 0etition or certiorari# Laguna Metts Corporation vs.Court o> !ppeals" $.R. %o. &'3,,(" July ,*" ,((2'

A# @# No# %%(! 5as also a/en*e* t5e secon* 0aragra05 o Sec#

&-

I t5e 0etition relates to an act or o/ission o a /unici0al trial court or o

a cor0oration" 2oar*" o:cer or 0erson" it s5all 2e fle* +it5 t5e Regional

Trial Court e4ercising 9uris*iction o.er t5e territorial area as *efne* 2,

t5e Su0re/e Court# It /a, also 2e fle* +it5 t5e Court o A00eals +5et5eror not t5e sa/e is in ai* o its a00ellate 9uris*iction" or +it5 t5e

San*igan2a,an i it is in ai* o its a00ellate 9uris*iction# I t5e 0etition

in.ol.es an act or o/ission o a


25/31

Unless t5ere is a te/0orar, restraining or*er or 0reli/inar, in9unction

issue* 2, a 5ig5er court" t5e /ain or 0rinci0al case s5oul* 0rocee*

*es0ite t5e fling o a 0etition or certiorari ter comment is led # % Ater t5e co//ent orot5er 0lea*ings reensor" $.R. %o. &)


26/31

Actions o " anuar, (K" !(('

)ORECLOSURE O) @ORTGAGE

A+rit o 0ossession is Fa +rit o e4ecution e/0lo,e* to enorce a

9u*g/ent to reco.er t5e 0ossession o lan*# It co//an*s t5e s5eri to

enter t5e lan* an* gi.e 0ossession o it to t5e 0erson entitle* un*er t5e

9u*g/ent#

A +rit o 0ossession /a, 2e issue* un*er t5e ollo+ing instances- (' in

lan* registration 0rocee*ings un*er Section ( o Act &K61 !' in a 9u*icial

oreclosure" 0ro.i*e* t5e *e2tor is in 0ossession o t5e /ortgage* realt,

an* no t5ir* 0erson" not a 0art, to t5e oreclosure suit" 5a* inter.ene*1

$' in an e4tra9u*icial oreclosure o a real estate /ortgage un*er Section o Act No# $($>" as a/en*e* 2, Act No# &((1 an* &' in e4ecution sales

last 0aragra05 o Section $$" Rule $K o t5e Rules o Court'#

T5e 0resent case alls un*er t5e t5ir* instance# Un*er Section o Act No#

$($>" as a/en*e* 2, Act No# &((" a +rit o 0ossession /a, 2e issue*

eit5er (' +it5in t5e one%,ear re*e/0tion 0erio*" u0on t5e fling o a

2on*" or !' ater t5e la0se o t5e re*e/0tion 0erio*" +it5out nee* o a


27/31

2on*# 0?%B vs. Sanao Marketing Corporation" $.R. %o. &3


28/31

t5e unla+ul +it55ol*ing o 0ossession o t5e realt,# Hilario" etc." et. al.

vs. Salvador" et. al." $.R. %o. &)(>(K# August !&" !'

S0ecifcall," t5e regional trial court e4ercises e4clusi.e original 9uris*iction

in all ci.il actions +5ic5 in.ol.e 0ossession o real 0ro0ert,# o+e.er" i

t5e assesse* .alue o t5e real 0ro0ert, in.ol.e* *oes not e4cee*

P>"# in @etro @anila" an* P!"# outsi*e o @etro @anila" t5e

/unici0al trial court e4ercises 9uris*iction o.er actions to reco.er

0ossession o real 0ro0ert, !tuel vs. alde:" une (" !$" &$ SCRA>(" >!'#

All cases in.ol.ing title to or 0ossession o real 0ro0ert, +it5 an assesse*

.alue o less t5an P!"# i outsi*e @etro @anila" all un*er t5e

original 9uris*iction o t5e /unici0al trial court# !liabo v. Carampatan"G#R# No# (!K!!" @arc5 (6" !(" $>& SCRA >&" >>!'#

A co/0laint /ust allege t5e assesse* .alue o t5e real 0ro0ert, su29ect o

t5e co/0laint or t5e interest t5ereon to *eter/ine +5ic5 court 5as

9uris*iction o.er t5e action# T5is is 2ecause t5e nature o t5e action an*

+5ic5 court 5as original an* e4clusi.e 9uris*iction o.er t5e sa/e is

*eter/ine* 2, t5e /aterial allegations o t5e co/0laint" t5e t,0e o relie

0ra,e* or 2, t5e 0lainti an* t5e la+ in eect +5en t5e action is fle*"

irres0ecti.e o +5et5er t5e 0laintis are entitle* to so/e or all o t5e

clai/s asserte* t5erein# Laresma v. !bellana" G#R# No# (&K$" No.e/2er

((" !&" &&! SCRA (>61 Hilario v. Salvador " G#R# No# (6$&" A0ril !K"!>" &> SCRA (>'#

A co/0laint or recon.e,ance o a 0arcel o lan* +5ic5 in.ol.es title to or

interest in real 0ro0ert, s5oul* allege t5e assesse* .alue o t5e lan* #

T5e co/0laint s0ecife* onl, t5e /aret .alue or esti/ate* .alue +5ic5 is

P(>"## In t5e a2sence o an assesse* .alue" or in lieu t5ereo" t5e

esti/ate* .alue /a, 2e allege*#

Sec# !! o BP (!K as a/en*e* 2, R#A# No# 6K( +5ere t5e assesse* .alue

o t5e real 0ro0ert, *oes not e4cee* P!"# or P>"# in @etro

@anila' grants t5e @TC e4clusi.e 9uris*iction o.er su29ect case#T5e nature

o an action is *eter/ine* not 2, +5at is state* in t5e ca0tion o t5e

co/0laint 2ut its allegations an* t5e relies 0ra,e* or# ;5ere t5e

ulti/ate o29ecti.e o t5e 0lainti is to o2tain title to real 0ro0ert," it


29/31

s5oul* 2e fle* in t5e 0ro0er court 5a.ing 9uris*iction o.er t5e assesse*

.alue o t5e 0ro0ert, su29ect t5ereo# 0Barangay ?iapi vs. ;alip" 1)2 SCR!

1(2 4,((35-.

T5e *eter/ining 9uris*ictional ele/ent or t5e accion rei.in*icatoria is" as

RA 6K( *iscloses" t5e assesse* .alue o t5e 0ro0ert, in "K># T5e case"

t5ereore" alls +it5in t5e e4clusi.e original 9uris*iction o t5e @unici0al

Trial Court o Ro/2lon +5ic5 5as 9uris*iction o.er t5e territor, +5ere t5e

0ro0ert, is locate*" an* not t5e court a


30/31

reco.er 0ossession +it5 t5e Regional Trial Court 0Benguet Corporation vs.

Cordillera Caraballo Mission" #nc." $.R. %o.&33


31/31

As a general rule" an e9ect/ent suit cannot 2e a2ate* or sus0en*e* 2, t5e

/ere fling 2eore t5e regional trial court RTC' o anot5er action raising

o+ners5i0 o t5e 0ro0ert, as an issue # As an e4ce0tion" 5o+e.er" unla+ul

*etainer actions /a, 2e sus0en*e* e.en on a00eal" on consi*erations o

e

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