UPDATE ON NUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAMME IN MALAYSIA · PDF fileUPDATE ON NUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAMME IN MALAYSIA by ... STATES OF SABAH & SARAWAK ... Energy Innovation; Vienna,

UPDATE ONNUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAMME IN

MALAYSIA

by Mazleha Maskin

Nuclear Power DivisionMalaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia)

Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation (MOSTI)Malaysia

1

Interregional Workshop on Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologyfor Near-Term Deployment

Vienna, Austria4-8 July 2011

Introduction to Malaysia

Current National Energy Planning and Policy

National Energy Mix

Issues and Challenges

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATIONOUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

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National Electricity Grid

Site Requirements and Selection

Legislative Framework

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MALAYSIA consists of two parts:

PENINSULAR MALAYSIA39.7% of land area (132,090 sq.km.)

80% of national populationConsisting of 11 states including

Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya

INTRODUCTION TO MALAYSIA

Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya

STATES OF SABAH & SARAWAK60.3% of land area (198,847 sq.km.)

20% of national populationConsisting of 2 states including Federal Territory of Labuan

Nuclear Power only relevant for the Peninsula for some time to come, due to small grid size in Sabah & Sarawak

4Source: Jamal Khaer Ibrahim – The Basis & Process for Considering Nuclear Power for Meeting Future Energy Needs in Malaysia; International Project on Innovative Reactors & Nuclear Fuel Cycle (INPRO); Dialogue Forum on Nuclear Energy Innovation; Vienna, Austria; 1-4 February 2010



National Energy Mix



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1979 National Energy Policy

Supply Objective:To ensure adequate, secure and cost-effective supply of energy;

Utilization Objective

CURRENT NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

Utilization ObjectiveTo promote efficient utilization of energy & discourage wasteful and

non-productive patterns of energy consumption; and

Environmental ObjectiveTo ensure factors pertaining to environmental protection are not

neglected in production & utilization of energy


National energy sources determined by Fuel Diversification Policies

1981 Four-Fuel Diversification Policy:to reduce over-dependence on single fuel source;

to focus on four main sources of fuel,

NATIONAL FUEL DIVERSIFICATION POLICIES

to focus on four main sources of fuel,i.e.: oil, hydropower, natural gas & coal.

2000 Five-Fuel Diversification Policy:to incorporate renewable energy as a fifth fuel;

to expand fuel sources to compriseoil, hydropower, natural gas, coal & renewable energy


June 26, 2009Government decision for nuclear energy to be one of the fuel

optionsfor electricity generation post-2020;

Especially for the Peninsula

CURRENT STATUS OF THE NUCLEAR POWER OPTION

National Nuclear Power Infrastructure Plan to be prepared by 2012

However, nuclear power project decisions will only be made under the framework of the new National Energy Policy in 10th

Malaysian Plan


1010THTH MALAYSIA PLANMALAYSIA PLAN(2011(2011--2015)2015)

1. Internally driven, externally aware.2. Leveraging on diversity internationally.3. Transforming to high-income through

specialisation.4. Unleashing productivity-led growth &

NEW NATIONAL ENERGY POLICYNEW NATIONAL ENERGY POLICYincorporated in the 10incorporated in the 10thth Malaysia PlanMalaysia Plan

1. Increasing & diversifying 1. Increasing & diversifying generation capacitygeneration capacity

Development of alternative sources of energy, Development of alternative sources of energy, particularly hydro particularly hydro

as well as importation of coal & LNG by 2015 as well as importation of coal & LNG by 2015 to improve security of supply;to improve security of supply;

To further reduce carbon emissions, To further reduce carbon emissions, supersuper--critical coal technology will be explored;critical coal technology will be explored;

Nuclear energy as a longer term option Nuclear energy as a longer term option

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4. Unleashing productivity-led growth & innovation.

5. Nurturing, attracting & retaining top talent.6. Ensuring equality of opportunities &

safeguarding the vulnerable.7. Concentrated growth, inclusive development.8. Supporting effective & smart partnerships.9. Valuing our environmental endowments.10. Government as a competitive corporation.

Nuclear energy as a longer term option Nuclear energy as a longer term option will be considered in Peninsular Malaysia, will be considered in Peninsular Malaysia,

with detailed feasibility study, with detailed feasibility study, training of human capital & awareness campaigns.training of human capital & awareness campaigns.

2. Strengthening transmission 2. Strengthening transmission & distribution networks& distribution networks

3. Restructuring 3. Restructuring the electricity supply industry.the electricity supply industry.

4. Improving customer service delivery.4. Improving customer service delivery.

NUCLEAR POWER ROAD-MAP IN MALAYSIAIn

fras

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PHASE 0

MILESTONE 0Ready to make a knowledgeable

commitment to a nuclear programme

Nuclear power considered as a

possible option by Cabinet decision

PHASE 1

MILESTONE 1Ready to invite bids

for the first NPP

PHASE 2

MILESTONE 2Ready to invite bids

for the first NPP

Preparatorywork for construction of a first NPP after a

PHASE 3

MILESTONE 3Ready to commission and operate first NPP

Activities to implement first NPP

Mai

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fras

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Preparing for assuming commitments & obligationsIn

fras

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Policy decision

Readiness to include nuclear power as a national energy option

Pre-policy

Preparing for assuming commitments & obligations

Investment Feasibility study

Pre-project

Considerations before decision to launch nuclear power programme is taken


Procurement Process

Project initiation

first NPP after a policy decision has been taken


Commissioning

Construction

Mai

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Operation

2008 2010 2013 2014 2021

16 July 2010Govt. adopted national

nuclear policy




National Energy Mix


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Sarawak

Sabah

Coal 37%

99,411 GWh

Peninsular Malaysia

5,407 GWh

Coal 26%

4,442 GWh

Gas 60%

Hydro 8%

MFO 19%Diesel & Others 13%

FY2009

Peninsular Malaysia, 91%

Sabah, 4%

Sarawak, 5%

NATIONAL POWER CONSUMPTION BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONNATIONAL POWER CONSUMPTION BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGION& POWER GENERATION MIX& POWER GENERATION MIX

Despite the existence ofFive-Fuel Diversification Policy,

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Coal 37%

Gas 58%

Hydro 5%

FY2010F

Gas 58%

Hydro 10%Diesel 6%

2008

Five-Fuel Diversification Policy,i.e. oil, gas, coal, hydropower

& renewable energy,there are only three

major energy sources used for power generation, with coal mostly imported,

indigeneous gas supply uncertain beyond 2019,

and hydropower resources located mostly in Sarawak

& adequate to only around 2030.

Source: Ir Dr Mohamad Puad Haji Abu - Establishment of Project Organization Malaysia; 2nd Technical Working Group Meeting on Nuclear Power Infrastructure; Vienna, Austria; 23-26 May 2011

20152015121,000121,000 GWhGWh

20202020149,000149,000 GWhGWh

NATIONAL POWER GENERATION MIX FORECASTNATIONAL POWER GENERATION MIX FORECAST

20302030211,000211,000 GWhGWh

13

20252025179,000 179,000 GWhGWh

Source: Ir Dr Mohamad Puad Haji Abu - Establishment of Project Organization Malaysia; 2nd Technical Working Group Meeting on Nuclear Power Infrastructure; Vienna, Austria; 23-26 May 2011




National Energy Mix


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▪ Public opinion survey to identify priority segments & concerns.

▪ Awareness projects.▪ Transparency in project implementation.

Public Public AcceptanceAcceptance

▪ Promote public acceptance

▪ Fast-track process.& make Government priority.

International International GovernanceGovernance

▪ Sign/ratify relevant international treaties & conventions

▪ Align on international best practices.▪ Top-down mandate to accelerate process.▪ Engage foreign experts to assess site &

Regulatory Regulatory DevelopmentDevelopment

▪ Put in place detailed regulations

Potential ResolutionPotential ResolutionChallengeChallenge

KEY CHALLENGES IN NUCLEAR POWER DEVELOPMENTKEY CHALLENGES IN NUCLEAR POWER DEVELOPMENT

▪ Engage foreign experts to assess site & construction permit applications.

DevelopmentDevelopment

▪ Public information programme.▪ Option for localities to bid to host plants

as in Japan & the Republic of Korea.Plant Plant Site Site AcquisitionAcquisition

▪ Acquire approval for plant sites▪ Obtain public support in locality

▪ Negotiate with vendors based on timeline.Construction Construction TimelineTimeline

▪ Require best-in-class timeline from vendors

▪ Combine low-cost & market financing (e.g. sovereign-guaranteed foreign export credits, foreign equity, commercial loans, including Islamic financing).

Project FinancingProject Financing

▪ Obtain low-cost financing

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BIGGEST CHALLENGE OF PUBLIC ACCEPTANCEBIGGEST CHALLENGE OF PUBLIC ACCEPTANCEAT NATIONAL & LOCAL LEVELSAT NATIONAL & LOCAL LEVELS

PUBLIC INFORMATION & ACCEPTANCE TARGETS: 70% public acceptance by end 2012PUBLIC INFORMATION & ACCEPTANCE TARGETS: 70% public acceptance by end 2012

Why nuclear?Why nuclear?Why not solar?Why not solar?Is it safe?Is it safe?What about the waste?What about the waste?Isn’t it too expensive?Isn’t it too expensive?Where to get the fuel?Where to get the fuel?Nuclear accidents?Nuclear accidents?Public radiation exposure?Public radiation exposure?Environmental impacts?Environmental impacts?

Why build in this district?Why build in this district?Is it safe for the people?Is it safe for the people?

Why build in this State? Why build in this State? Won’t we lose the next election?Won’t we lose the next election?Is it safe? What benefit to the State?Is it safe? What benefit to the State?

STATE GOVERNMENTSSTATE GOVERNMENTS

MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIESMUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES

NATIONAL PUBLIC OPINIONNATIONAL PUBLIC OPINION

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civic society, mass media, non-governmental organisations (NGO’s), religious, women & other civic organisations, teacher training colleges,

university & school students, general public.

local Government, community leaders, village heads,local associations, such as farmers & fishermen associations, schools, etc.

GENERAL CIVIL SOCIETY & PUBLIC STAKEHOLDERSGENERAL CIVIL SOCIETY & PUBLIC STAKEHOLDERS

STATE & LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS AROUND NUCLEAR PLANT SITESSTATE & LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS AROUND NUCLEAR PLANT SITES

Environmental impacts?Environmental impacts?Yes, but not in my backyard!Yes, but not in my backyard!

Is it safe for the people?Is it safe for the people?

Why build here?Why build here?Is it safe for us?Is it safe for us?Accident effect?Accident effect?Won’t our food, fish, Won’t our food, fish, vegetable supplyvegetable supplybe contaminated?be contaminated?Our children?Our children?Our river, our beach?Our river, our beach?

NIMBY, BANANA!*NIMBY, BANANA!*

LOCAL POPULATIONLOCAL POPULATION

*NIMBY *NIMBY = Not in My Backyard= Not in My Backyard*BANANA *BANANA = Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anything= Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anything

Periodic public opinion

Performance target-based monitoring

of effectiveness of public information

activities.Public lectures,

forum & dialogues, visits, exhibitions,

publications, & media publicity & engagements.

Intensified dissemination of information.

Objective assessment of public opinion

by segment of population,

by ethnic group,State of domicile,

urban/rural,income & education, political affiliation,

occupation, etc.

Specialized communicators for

different target groups,

Communicator training for relevant agencies

including media skills, situational training,

public psychology, etc.

One-stop

Accurate, timely & objective

information.

Information gathering & compilation.

INFORMATIONINFORMATIONBASEBASE

COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION SKILLSSKILLS

TARGET & ISSUE TARGET & ISSUE IDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION

PROGRAMME PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION

PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEMONITORINGMONITORING

PUBLIC INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR ENERGY (PINE) PROGRAMME: PUBLIC INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR ENERGY (PINE) PROGRAMME: APPROACHAPPROACH

public opinion surveys

benchmarked to initial survey as baseline data

& review of communications

strategies & activities.

Twinning between local & foreign communities

living near nuclear power plants.

Foreign visitsto nuclear communities

by local media & opinion leaders.

& engagements.

Identification of key concerns on

nuclear power for each segment for more targeted public information

communication strategies.

Associate communicators,

Such as ghost writers & proxy communicators.

different target groups, especially with difficult targets.

Consistent message &

coordinated response.

One-stopInter-agency

resource & referral centre

at Nuclear Malaysia.

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• Public Acceptance BEFORE Fukushima...

IMPLICATION OF THE FUKUSHIMA EVENTS IMPLICATION OF THE FUKUSHIMA EVENTS -- BEFOREBEFORE

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Source :PINE 2009Source: Ir Dr Mohamad Puad Haji Abu - The Malaysia Nuclear Energy Option; A Post Fukushima Perspective; 2nd

Technical Working Group Meeting on Nuclear Power Infrastructure; Vienna, Austria; 23-26 May 2011

• NEGATIVE– Public more concern on their safety..– Some state governments said: Not in My Backyard!– MPs are worried…

• POSITIVE

IMPLICATION OF THE FUKUSHIMA EVENTS IMPLICATION OF THE FUKUSHIMA EVENTS -- AFTERAFTER

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• POSITIVE Growing awareness about radiation issues

among public.

Numbers of discussions, dialogues and debates held – allowing public to know more on nuclear technologies and safety related issues

Source: Ir Dr Mohamad Puad Haji Abu - The Malaysia Nuclear Energy Option; A Post Fukushima Perspective; 2nd

Technical Working Group Meeting on Nuclear Power Infrastructure; Vienna, Austria; 23-26 May 2011

Nuclear Energy Option In Malaysia: Post Malaysia: No change in Energy Policy, Nuclear Energy as one of the option, first NPP by 2021




National Energy Mix


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ELECTRIC POWER UTILITIESELECTRIC POWER UTILITIES

21Source: Mohd Yusof Rakob - Planning for Smart Grid in TNB System, PECon2010, 2010 IEEE Conference on Power and Energy, Sunway Resort Hotel & Spa, Malaysia

TNB (P.Malaysia) SEB (Sarawak) SESB (Sabah)

Logo

Installed Capacity (MW)

21,051 (2010) 1,230 (2009) 866.4 (2010)

Customer 7,593,684 499,618 413,983

GENERAL PROFILE OF POWER UTILITIESGENERAL PROFILE OF POWER UTILITIES

Max Demand (MW) 15,072 1,036 760

Gen Mix: 2010 Gen Mix: 2009 Gen Mix: 2009

Gas: 54% Gas: 53% Oil: 57%

Coal: 40% Coal: 34% Coal: 31%

Hydro: 5.2% Hydro: 8% Hydro: 9%

Distillate: 0.2% Diesel: 5% Biomass: 3%

22Source: Mohd Yusof Rakob - Planning for Smart Grid in TNB System, PECon2010, 2010 IEEE Conference on Power and Energy, Sunway Resort Hotel & Spa, Malaysia

NOTE: Electricity supply industry in Malaysia is a fully regulated. TNB, SEB and SESB are vertically integrated and operate along with Independent Power Producers (IPPs)




National Energy Mix


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Malaysia is well positioned as a possible location for nuclear plants.

Low Earthquake Risk Zone

Public Safety & Health (50%)Radiation exposure, Population, Extreme natural

events, Hazardous installations

Environment (20%)Ecology, Water quality

Site Selection Weighting Factor

SITE REQUIREMENT AND SELECTION SITE REQUIREMENT AND SELECTION

Ecology, Water quality

Socio-economic (15%)Coastal resources, Land Use, Archaeology

Engineering Costs (15%)Foundation, Accessibility, Proximity to grid,

Cooling water

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National Energy Mix


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Cabinet Committee on EnergyCabinet Committee on Energy

Nuclear Power Development Nuclear Power Development Steering Committee (JPPKN)Steering Committee (JPPKN)

Ministry of Finance (MOF); Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA);Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation (MOSTI);

Ministry of Natural Resources & the Environment (MNRE);Economic Planning Unit (EPU) of the Prime Minister’s Department; (JPM);

Nuclear Malaysia, AELB, ST & TNB.

MOF, Ministry of Education; MOFA, MOSTI, MNRE, KeTTHA; Ministry of Health (MOH); Ministry of International Trade & Industry (MITI); Ministry of Home Affairs (KDN);

Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE); Ministry of Housing & Local Government; (KPKT);Ministry of Information, Culture & Communications (MICC);

Ministry of Rural & Regional Development (MRRD); Ministry of Human Resources (MHR); EPU; National Security Council (MKN); Attorney General’s Chambers (AGC);

Public Services Dept. (JPA); Information Dept; ST; AELB; Dept. of Environment (JAS);

NUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTING ORGANISATIONNUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTING ORGANISATION(NEPIO)(NEPIO)

Member Agencies:

Nuclear Power ProgrammeNuclear Power ProgrammeDevelopment Working CommitteeDevelopment Working Committee

Malaysian Nuclear Agency(Nuclear Malaysia)

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology & Water (KeTTHA)

Public Services Dept. (JPA); Information Dept; ST; AELB; Dept. of Environment (JAS); Dept. of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH); Public Works Dept. (JKR);

Drainage & Irrigation Dept. (DID); Mineral & Geoscience Dept. (JMG); Meteorology Dept (MMD); Urban & Country Planning Dept. (JPBD);

Khazanah Nasional Berhad (KNB); TNB; Small & Medium Enterprises (SME) Corporation; Malaysia Energy Centre (PTM); Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM);

Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia (ACEM); Master Builders Association of Malaysia (MBAM)

KeTTHA, EPU, Nuclear Malaysia, DOE, DOSH, AELB, ST, PTM,

SIRIM Berhad, Marine Dept.

MOSTI, KeTTHA, KDN, MOFA, KPKT, MKN, AGC, ST, JAS, DOSH, Nuclear Malaysia & TNB.

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Nuclear Power ProjectNuclear Power ProjectDevelopment Working CommitteeDevelopment Working Committee

Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)

Nuclear Power LegislativeNuclear Power LegislativeDevelopment Coordination Development Coordination

Working CommitteeWorking CommitteeAtomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB)

& Energy Commission (ST)

No. Activity: National Lead Agency National Counterpart Agencies:

C.1 Development of legal & organisational framework

AGC/AELB MOFA, MOSTI, KDN, AELB, ST, JAS, DOSH, Nuclear Malaysia, TNB & others.

C.2 Nuclear licensing & regulation AELB ST, JAS, DOSH, Nuclear Malaysia, TNB, MOFA, KPKT & others

C.3 Emergency planning AELB Nuclear Malaysia, MKN, KDN, MOSTI, TNB, AELB, ST, JAS,

C. NUCLEAR POWER C. NUCLEAR POWER LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENT LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES

A. NUCLEAR POWER A. NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES [14]ACTIVITIES [14]

B. NUCLEAR POWER B. NUCLEAR POWER PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES [29]ACTIVITIES [29]

C.3 Emergency planning AELB Nuclear Malaysia, MKN, KDN, MOSTI, TNB, AELB, ST, JAS, DOSH & others.

C.4 Safeguards & physical protection AELB Nuclear Malaysia, KDN, MOFA, MOSTI, KeTTHA, AGC, ST, MKN, AELB, TNB, & others.

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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Mazleha MaskinNuclear Power DivisionMalaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia)Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

E-mail: [email protected]: +60-3-8925-0510Facsimile: +60-3-8925-0755

Documents

UPDATE ON NUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAMME IN MALAYSIA · PDF fileUPDATE ON NUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAMME IN MALAYSIA by ... STATES OF SABAH & SARAWAK ... Energy Innovation; Vienna,