Update and Plan on Boosted Dark Matter Search

Yun-Tse Tsai (SLAC)DUNE BSM Group Meeting

October 9th 2018

Group Members

• Theorists:Josh Berger (U Pittsburgh), Yanou Cui (UC Riverside), Yue Zhao (U Utah), Lina Necib (CalTech)

• Experimentalists:Yun-Tse Tsai (SLAC), Dane Stocks(Stanford/SLAC), Gianluca Petrillo (SLAC), Mark Convery (SLAC), Matt Graham (SLAC), Jonathan Assadi (UT Arlington)

2

Boosted Dark Matter• Cold dark matter captured by dark matter

concentrated region, such as the Sun or Galaxy Center

• Produce lighter, boosted dark matter via annihilation or decay

• Boosted dark matter interact with electrons or nucleons in detectors

• Look for scattered electrons or recoil protons

• Previously presented by Yanou Cui and Yue Zhao

• Phenomenology publications: JCAP 10 (2014) 062, JCAP 02 (2015) 005

3

Production

• Focus on boosted DM produced via annihilation in the Sun

• Benchmark classification: mono-energetic boosted DM flux

• Energy depends on masses of dark matter

4

DM

DM

Boosted DM

SM particle

DM

DM

Boosted DM’

Boosted DM’

Detection

• DM-SM particle interactions mediated by Z’ vector boson (neural current-like)

• Focus on baryophilic channels: better sensitivity in DUNE; complementary to other searches

• Only spin dependent couplings at tree level

• Focus on elastic scattering and deep inelastic scattering at this stage (resonant scattering to come)

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Analysis Strategy• Scan over the parameter space of DM mass and

mediator mass

• Mono-energetic boosted DM flux coming from the Sun direction

• DM-Ar interactions provided by J. Berger

• GENIE takes care of the final state interactions

• GENIE default FSI model: HAIntranuke model

• GEANT4 detector material (LAr) simulation

• Take stable final state particles: p±, n, π±, μ±, e±, γ• Smear the direction

• Apply the detection threshold 6

Today’s Plots• Mono-energetic dark matter flux: 10,000 events

• Fermionic dark matter

• Dark matter energy: 20GeV

• Dark matter mass: 10GeV

• Dark matter-mediator coupling constant: g

• Mediator mass: 1GeV

• Angular resolution and detection threshold from CDR

7

p n π μ e/γAngular

resolution 5° 5° 1° 1° 1°

KE Threshold 50MeV 50MeV 100MeV 30MeV 30MeV

Definition of Angle, θ

8

DM

DM

p

π

nAr

1. Angle between incident DM and the

leading particle in the final state

2. Angle between incident DM and the vector sum of the momenta of all the visible particles in

the final state

p DM

p p

p DM

p p + p π(+ pn)

Leading Particle

9

Sum of All Visible Particles

10

Preliminary Efficiency

11

Leading Particle Sum of All Visibles

With Neutrons 61% 75%

No Neutron 53% 56%

Event Rate• Scan over the parameter space

• Dark matter mass: 5, 10, 20, 40 GeV

• Dark matter boosted (γ) factor : 1.25, 2, 10

• Dark matter-mediator coupling constant g (<10-2)

• In each case, event rate = flux(g=1)×σDM-SM(g=1)×g8×efficiency×exposure

• With today’s sample, using cos(θ)>0.7 of the sum of all the visible particles but no neutron

• Efficiency = 56%

• Event rate/(year×10kt) = 2.86×1021×g8

12

DAQ/Trigger Specification• Current DUNE DAQ/Trigger design

• Triggered events: non-zero suppressed data saved for a reasonably large band of time and a large part of detector

• Very low (visible) energy events: zero suppressed data in only the collection plane saved

• Trigger thresholds determined by detector noise and background events

• Current estimation on triggering events with visible energy > 20 MeV

• May be able to analyze data with only very low (visible) energy events

13

Plan for TDR Draft• By October 20th, we aim to

• Smear the particle energy by the detector resolution

• Scan over the 2-dimensional parameter space with different dark matter mass and boosted (γ) factors

• Scaled by the dark matter-mediator coupling g

• Evaluate the sensitivity based on the excess aligned with the Sun direction with background (neutral-current atmospheric neutrinos)

• Submit the tech note for DUNE TDR to the BSM group

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Summary• Confirmed more than 50% of boosted DM

particles can be reconstructed by the direction of the final state particles

• Demonstrated the efficiency

• Evaluated the event rate with one point in the parameter space

• Preparing the tech note for DUNE TDR and publication draft

• Will extend and update the study beyond the TDR timeline

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Backup

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Dark Matter Momentum

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Outgoing DM Angle

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No Threshold: Leading

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No Threshold: All Visibles

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No Treshold: Efficiency

Leading Particle Sum of All Visibles

With Neutrons 65% 81%

No Neutron 53% 61%

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Plan Beyond October

• Investigate whether and how we can reconstruct the mass of the boosted DM

• If so, update the study with the detector energy resolution

• Include background events from atmospheric neutrinos

• Possibly update our TDR tech note

• Submit a paper draft

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