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UPCOMING CHANGES TO IN-VITRO DIAGNOSTICS (IVDs) AND
LABORATORY DEVELOPED TESTS (LDTs)
REGULATIONS
Moj Eram, PhDNovember 5, 2015
IN-VITRO DIAGNOSTIC (IVD)
Overview
IVD definition LDT definition Comparison of LVD and LDT EU proposed changes to IVD Regulation US draft guidance and proposed changes to LDT regulation Summary
IN-VITRO DIAGNOSTIC (IVD)
In vitro diagnostic products are those reagents, instruments, and systems intended for use in diagnosis of disease or other conditions, including a determination of the state of health, in order to cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease or its sequelae. Such products are intended for use in the collection, preparation, and examination of specimens taken from the human body.
Types of IVDs – Intended to be used: In the laboratory By health professionals at the point of care (i.e. hospitals, Laboratories) By lay –person (self testing)
Regulatory authority Medical devices Biological products IVDs - subject to the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA '88) of 1988.
LABORATORY DEVELOPED TEST (LDT)
• A laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs) are in vitro diagnostic tests that are developed, validated and used within a single laboratory (CLIA Certified)
• Patients are treated in the facility where test is developed
• It can not be used to specify a diagnosis; can state correlation of outcome of a test to a likely outcome
• Does not require FDA approval or clearance
• Labs not tests are regulated under CLIA
IVD and LDT Current Requirements and Regulations
Requirements/Regulations IVD LDT
Development and Manufacturing Developed and manufactured by device manufacturer
diagnostic tests developed and manufactured by a single laboratory
Regulatory Agency The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
Regulations Medical DeviceClass I (Exempt), II (510k), & III (PMA)
CLIA Act of 1988 – CLIA Laboratories
Manufacturing under a Quality System
Yes No
Premarket Review & Approval for Tests
Yes No
Establishing Clinical / Analytical Validity before using Test
Yes No
What is Sold Diagnostics Service
EU – PROPOSED CHANGES TO IVD REGULATIONS
The “New Approach” is prompted by: Rapid advances in medical device technologies and health care development Recent finding of safety issues/concerns. Increase focus on preventive strategies, early diagnostics, need for more self monitoring tests and
cost effectiveness Globalization – need for harmonized regulations Public expectations
IVD market projection of $22Bn in the EU by 2018, nearly 80% of IVD devices could be subjected to notified body approval, from the currently 20%.
New regulations expected to pass in 2015 – 2016
Require manufacturers 5 years to become compliant
EU - UPCOMING PROPOSED CHANGES TO IVD REGULATIONS
Overview of proposed changes: Extension of regulatory scope – to include high risk IVD manufactured and used
within single health institution (LDT) classification structure for IVD – risk based classification:
4 classes - A (low risk), B, C, D (Highest risk) Changes in notified body unannounced audits, assessment and oversight Increased conformity assessment Clinical evidence - will require for all high risk devices (C & D), clinical literature
will not be sufficient Post market surveillance Implementation of unique device identification requirements “Qualified person” for regulatory compliance within manufacturer – assess the
conformity of the product Expanded registration database of devices
EU – IMPACT OF IVD REGULATION CHANGES
Anticipated impact on IVD manufacturers: Broader applicability of regulatory requirements More requirements for device safety and performance Increased unannounced inspection (audits) of suppliers and more Increased post market follow up Competent authorities performing risk assessment – more scrutiny Greater provisions for transparency and traceability Increase time to market Increased capital need
US - LDT REGULATIONS AND RECENT CHANGES
Currently, unlike IVDs, LDTs do not require FDA approval or clearance
FDA proposed regulatory changes due to: Increased risk associated with LDT’s as IVDs Inadequate controls and monitoring of tests LDT are used more broadly outside of the manufactured laboratory Due to increased complexity of the test Criticality in clinical decision making in the context of personalized
medicine (i.e. genetic testing)
US - LDT REGULATIONS AND RECENT CHANGES
Draft guidance - Framework for Regulatory Oversight of LDT - issued October 3, 2014 Risk-based regulatory framework phase over 9 years
All requirements are begin to take effect 6 months after the guidance is finalized
low risk LDT (Class I), traditional LDT, forensic, transplantation, and LDTs intended for rare diseases and unmet needs are exempt form all regulations except for: Device registration Device listing Medical Device Reporting (MDR)
Highest risk LDTs will enforced first – same intended use as cleared/approved IVDs
Moderate and high risk LDTs are subject to more rigorous regulatory requirements
Premarket and post market review for all NEW LDTs
SUMMARY
Change is coming … Plan accordingly and get ahead and stay ahead of regulations
Have a proactive strategy to understand and prepare for changes to minimize transition time and reduce risk
For IVD regulation changes in the EU: Begin classification of your device and plan for new certification requirements Conduct GAP analysis to check requirements and QMR Implement Quality Management System (QMS) updates Understand the role of Notified bodies and plan for increased approval time (budget accordingly) Give time for implementation/transition
For LDTs regulation changes in the US: Understand device classification of LDT Understand the quality and regulatory requirements (GAP Analysis) Understand the market
