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60. Up or down: Modeling the fates and rates of phytoplankton carbon in the North Atlantic Ocean C hristoph Stegert Laurent Memery Thomas Gorgues Julie Deshayes. 40. 20. 0. MOTIVATION: Where does the carbon go?. Background. MOTIVATION: Where does the carbon go?. Background. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Institut universitaire europeen de la mer (iuem)Laboratoire des sciences l’environnement marin (LEMAR)
60
40
20
0
Up or down:Modeling the fates and rates of phytoplankton carbon in
the North Atlantic Ocean
Christoph Stegert
Laurent MemeryThomas GorguesJulie Deshayes
MOTIVATION: Where does the carbon go?
Background
MOTIVATION: Where does the carbon go?
Background
Background
PDIC
MOTIVATION: Where does the carbon go?
Background
PDIC
fisheries
MOTIVATION: Where does the carbon go?
Z
FishFood web dynamics
Background
PDIC
Z
Fish
D
Deep Sea
fisheries
Carbon export
MOTIVATION: Where does the carbon go?
Food web dynamics
CO2 storage
Background
PDIC
D
Deep Sea
fisheries
Carbon export
RemineralisationSedimentation
MOTIVATION: Where does the carbon go?
CO2 storage
Z
FishFood web dynamics
Background
PDIC
D
Deep Sea
fisheries
Carbon export
RemineralisationSedimentation
UP or
DOWN
What is/ What
determines this ratio
MOTIVATION: Where does the carbon go?
CO2 storage
Z
FishFood web dynamics
Background
PDIC
D
Deep SeaCO2 storage
fisheries
Carbon export
RemineralisationSedimentation
UP or
DOWN
Possible consequences
of climate change on the
ratio
What is/ What
determines this ratio
MOTIVATION: Where does the carbon go?
Z
FishFood web dynamics
How much of Primary Production is transported to the deep ocean (carbon export)?
What are regional differences in the carbon transport and how do they change during the 1990-2010 period?
What is the structure of the links of primary production and carbon export in the North Atlantic Ocean?
MOTIVATION: Where does the carbon go?
Specific questions I want to answer in this talk:
Besides carbon the nutrient (N,P,Si,Fe) and Oxygen cycles are simulated
Model concept: Carbon cycle
DIC PdiatPnano
Zmicro Zmeso
DOC POC GOC
1
2 3
46 579
10
8
11 11
Model configuration:Physics:NEMO3.4Biogeochem ics:PISCESArea:North Atlantic
20S to 80NResolution: 1/4°Simulation:1978-2010
Major fluxes:1 Primary Production New Production [100m integrated annual avg.]
2+3 Zoo Grazing4+5 Mortality6-8 Plankton losses9 Nitrification10 Remineralisation11 Carbon Export[at 1000m, annual average]
11
Validation of model variables
Validation: Surface Nitrate annual cycle (log 10 )
WOA09 MODEL
Validation of model variables
Validation: Ratio of Diatoms and Nanoplankton
PHYSAT MODEL
Validation of model variables
Validation: Carbon export at 100m (gC/m2/yr)
Schlitzer MODEL
SPG and STG have contrasting environment
UP or DOWN: regional variability
STGsubtropical
gyre
SPGsubpolar gyre
NECSEurop. Shelf
GSTGulf Stream
CUWCanary Upwelling
Sea surface temperature
F-ratio shows higher pelagic production in the Northern NA and SPG
UP OR DOWN: NewP : TPP (f-ratio)
Highest f-ratio in SPG, very strong correlation in Canarian Upwelling and STG
UP or DOWN: regional variability
STG
SPGNECS
GST CUW
avg = 0.69 p = 0.61 avg = 0.41
p = 0.89
avg = 0.34 p = 0.99
avg = 0.38 p = 0.93
avg = 0.33 p = 0.58
New P (y)--------------
TPP (x)
[MolC/m2/y]
High ratio in Labrador Sea
UP OR DOWN ep-ratio: Export (1000m): TPP
Export highest in SPG, and strong correlation in CUW and STG
UP or DOWN: regional variability: Carbon export at 1000m
STG
SPGNECS
GST CUW
Export (y)--------------
TPP (x)
[MolC/m2/y]
avg = 0.15 p = 0.02 avg = 0.09
p = 0.55
avg = 0.04 p = 0.98
avg = 0.05 p = 0.95
avg = 0.06 p = 0.71
Increased TPP is followed by increased grazing and export except in SPG
UP or DOWN: interannual variabilityTPP PHY ZOO GRAZING EXPORTGST
SPG
STG
NECS
CIW
1990-2010 1990-2010 1990-2010 1990-2010
Provinces: Clustering
Longhurst provinces based on physical/ biogeochmical variables
CLUSTER: Export (1000m) and TPP
Differences in the structure compared to upper layer dynamics
CLUSTER: Grazing and TPP
Regional differences in the structure of coupling to export
Background
PDIC
Z
Fish
D
Deep SeaCO2 storage
fisheries
Carbon export
Food web
RemineralisationSedimentation
UP or
DOWN
OUTLOOK the role of zooplankton
Background
PDIC
Z
D
Deep SeaCO2 storage
fisheries
Carbon export
RemineralisationSedimentation
UP and
DOWN
OUTLOOK the role of zooplankton
Verticalmigration
FishFood web
Conclusions
THANK YOU for your interest.
This work was done within the FP7 program
Basin-Scale Analysis , Synthesis and Integration
We would like to thank- TANGGO consortium:
travel support
Different biological processes, e.g. zooplankton behavior, can influence these ratios.
How much of Primary Production is transported to the deep ocean (carbon export)?Export at 1000m is ca. 5-15% of PP in upper 100m, while New Production is highest in the northern North Atlantic.
What are regional differences in the carbon transport and how do they change during the 1990-2010 period?Dynamics in SPG are significantly different to STG and other regions.Coupling of PP and EXP in the STG and for PP and Grazing in most regions. Strong decoupling in SPG.
What is the structure of the links of primary production and carbon export in the North Atlantic Ocean?
Grazing lowest in SPG, all other regions show strong correlation
UP or DOWN: regional variability
STG
SPGNECS
GST CUW
Grazing--------------
TPP
[gC/m2/y]
avg = 1.01 p = 0.59 avg = 1.17
p = 0.98
avg = 1.38 p = 0.99
avg = 1.25 p = 0.99
avg = 1.30 p = 0.98