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UNSCC O M M I T T E E G U I D E

United Nations Security Council

Committee Guide

Welcome to the Security Council Hello delegates! My name is Krishna Dave and I will be chairing the United Nations Security Council this year. The Security Council is primarily responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security and is the only UN organ where all member states are compelled to agree with the council’s decision. Our agenda for this year’s committee are the most controversial ones demanding the highest attention to be resolved. As diplomatic delegates to the most powerful body of the UN system, my co-chair and I hope that you will prioritize these threats to global community with dignity, equity and diligence, without forsaking the policy of your state. This year we are focusing on: the crisis of the middle east and the threats posed to global citizens by faceless terror. I had the privilege of co-chairing this very committee last year and I was amazed with the level of debate accomplished. This year again, I believe it is my responsibility to have a challenging yet exciting committee session. The delegates must bear in mind to research these issues very well, research on the country they represent, make your strategies and above all keep in mind the the grave future of peace and security globally lies on the decisions taken up by this committee. It is strongly suggested that the delegates are thorough with the UN Charter and must resource to CIA world factbook to comprehend country relations. It is important for us to closely look at the level of peril in this world and the onus lies in the hands of the international community to resolve these concerning critical disputes. For any doubts or queries regarding the committee, please contact us on [email protected] and my co-chair and I would be happy to help! Looking forward to see you on the 2nd ! Krishna Dave Chair UNSC


Committee Guide

Voting in the Security Council

Article 27 of the UN charter states that:

1. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote.

2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.

3. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.

The Right to Veto

The creators of the United Nations Charter conceived that five countries — China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) [which was succeeded in 1990 by the Russian Federation], the United Kingdom and the United States —, because of their key roles in the establishment of the United Nations, would continue to play important roles in the maintenance of international peace and security. They were granted the special status of Permanent Member States at the Security Council, along with a special voting power known as the "right to veto". It was agreed by the drafters that if any one of the five permanent members cast a negative vote in the 15-member Security Council, the resolution or decision would not be approved.

All five permanent members have exercised the right of veto at one time or another. If a permanent member does not fully agree with a proposed resolution but does notwish to cast a veto, it may choose to abstain, thus allowing the resolution to be adopted if it obtains the required number of nine favourable votes.

Functions and power

Under the Charter the functions and powers of the Security Council are: • To maintain international peace and security in accordance with the


Committee Guide

principles and purposes of the United Nations (Article 24, Chapter V of the Charter) • To investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international friction or give rise to a dispute (Article 34, Chapter VI of the Charter) • To recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement (Article 36, Chapter VI of the Charter) • To formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments (Article 41, Chapter VII of the Charter) • To determine the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression and to recommend what action should be taken • To call on member states to apply economic sanctions or other measures not involving the use of force to prevent or stop aggression • To take military action against an aggressor (Article 42, Chapter VII of the Charter) • To recommend the admission of new members and the terms on which States can become parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice • To exercise the trusteeship functions of the United Nations in strategic areas • To recommend to the General Assembly the appointment of the Secretary-General and, together with the Assembly, to elect the Judges of the International Court.


Committee Guide

Topic A: Conflict in the Middle East Syrian Crisis More than 250,000 Syrians have lost their lives in four-and-a-half years of armed conflict, which began with anti-government protests before escalating into a full-scale civil war. More than 11 million others have been forced from their homes as forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad and those opposed to his rule battle each other - as well as jihadist militants from so-called Islamic State. Pro-democracy protests erupted in March 2011 in the southern city of Deraa after the arrest and torture of some teenagers who painted revolutionary slogans on a school wall. After security forces opened fire on demonstrators, killing several, more took to the streets. The unrest triggered nationwide protests demanding President Assad's resignation. The government's use of force to crush the dissent merely hardened the protesters' resolve. By July 2011, hundreds of thousands were taking to the streets across the country. Opposition supporters eventually began to take up arms, first to defend themselves and later to expel security forces from their local areas Violence escalated and the country descended into civil war as rebel brigades were formed to battle government forces for control of cities, towns and the countryside. Fighting reached the capital Damascus and second city of Aleppo in 2012. The conflict is now more than just a battle between those for or against Mr. Assad. It has acquired sectarian overtones, pitching the country's Sunni majority against the president's Shia Alawite sect, and drawn in regional and world powers. The rise of the jihadist group Islamic State (IS) has added a further dimension. Timeline: Nationwide uprising 2011 March - Security forces shoot dead protestors in southern city of Deraa demanding release of political prisoners, triggering violent unrest that steadily spread nationwide over the following months. 2011 June - The government says that 120 members of the security forces have been killed by "armed gangs" in the northwestern town of


Committee Guide

Jisr al-Shughour. Troops besiege the town and more than 10,000 people flee to Turkey. President Assad pledges to start a "national dialogue" on reform. 2011 June - The IAEA nuclear watchdog decides to report Syria to the UN Security Council over its alleged covert nuclear programme reactor programme. The structure housing the alleged reactor was destroyed in an Israeli air raid in 2007. Opposition organizes 2011 July - President Assad sacks the governor of the northern province of Hama after mass demonstration there, eventually sending in troops to restore order at the cost of scores of lives. 2011 October - New Syrian National Council says it has forged a common front of internal and exiled opposition activists. 2011 November - Arab League votes to suspend Syria, accusing it of failing to implement an Arab peace plan, and imposes sanctions. 2011 December - Twin suicide bombs outside security buildings in Damascus kill 44, the first in a series of large blasts in the the capital that continue into the following summer. 2012 February - Government steps up the bombardment of Homs and other cities. International pressure 2012 March - UN Security Council endorses non-binding peace plan drafted by UN envoy Kofi Annan. China and Russia agree to support the plan after an earlier, tougher draft is modified. 2012 May - France, UK, Germany, Italy, Spain, Canada and Australia expel senior Syrian diplomats in protest at killing of more than a hundred civilians in Houla, near Homs. 2012 June - Turkey changes rules of engagement after Syria shoots down a Turkish plane, declaring that if Syrian troops approach Turkey's borders they will be seen as a military threat. 2012 July - Free Syria Army blows up three security chiefs in Damascus and seizes Aleppo in the north. 2012 August - Prime Minister Riad Hijab defects, US President Obama warns that use of chemical weapons would tilt the US towards intervention.


Committee Guide

2012 October - Syria-Turkish tension rises when Syrian mortar fire on a Turkish border town kills five civilians. Turkey returns fire and intercepts a Syrian plane allegedly carrying arms from Russia. Fire in Aleppo destroys much of the historic market as fighting and bomb attacks continue in various cities. 2012 November - National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces formed in Qatar, excludes Islamist militias. Arab League stops short of full recognition.

Israeli military opens fire on Syrian artillery units after several months of occasional shelling from Syrian positions across the Golan Heights, the first such return of fire since the Yom Kippur War of 1973. 2012 December - US, Britain, France, Turkey and Gulf states formally recognize opposition National Coalition as "legitimate representative" of Syrian people. 2013 January - Syria accuses Israeli jets of attacking a military research center near Damascus, but denies reports that lorries carrying weapons bound for Lebanon were hit. Unverified reports say Israel had targeted an Iranian commander charged with moving weapons of mass destruction to Lebanon. International donors pledge more than $1.5bn (£950m) to help civilians affected by the conflict in Syria. 2013 March - Syrian warplanes bomb the northern city of Raqqa after rebels seize control. US and Britain pledge non-military aid to rebels. Rise of Islamists 2013 June - Government and allied Lebanese Hezbollah forces recapture strategically-important town of Qusair between Homs and Lebanese border. 2013 July - Saudi-backed Ahmed Jarba becomes leader of opposition National Coalition, defeating Qatar-backed rival. 2013 September - UN weapons inspectors conclude that chemical weapons were used in an attack on the Ghouta area of Damascus in August that killed about 300 people, but do not explicitly allocate responsibility. 2013 October - President Assad allows international inspectors to begin destroying Syria's chemical weapons on the basis of a US-Russian agreement.


Committee Guide

2013 December - US and Britain suspend "non-lethal" support for rebels in northern Syria after reports that Islamist rebels seized bases of Western-backed Free Syrian Army. 2014 January-February - UN-brokered peace talks in Geneva fail, largely because Syrian authorities refuse to discuss a transitional government. 2014 March - Syrian Army and Hezbollah forces recapture Yabroud, the last rebel stronghold near the Lebanese border. 2014 May - Hundreds of rebels are evacuated from their last stronghold in the central city of Homs. The withdrawal marks the end of three years of resistance in the city. 'Caliphate' in east 2014 June - UN announces removal of Syria's chemical weapons material complete.

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria militants declare "caliphate" in territory from Aleppo to eastern Iraqi province of Diyala. 2014 August - Tabqa airbase, near the northern city of Raqqa, falls to Islamic State militants, who now control all of Raqqa province. 2014 September - US and five Arab countries launch air strikes against Islamic State around Aleppo and Raqqa. 2015 January - Kurdish forces push Islamic State out of Kobane on Turkish border after four months of fighting. 2015 March -Opposition offensives push back government forces. New Jaish al-Fatah (Army of Conquest) Islamist rebel alliance, backed by Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, captures provincial capital of Idlib. 2015 May - Islamic State fighters seize the ancient city of Palmyra in central Syria and proceed to destroy many monuments at pre-Islamic World Heritage site. Jaish al-Fatah takes control of Idlib Province, putting pressure on government's coastal stronghold of Latakia. 2015 June - Kurds take Ain Issa and border town of Tal Abyad, Islamic State attacks Kobane and seizes part of Hassakeh, the main city in north-eastern Syria.


Committee Guide

Russian intervention 2015 September - Russia carries out its first air strikes in Syria, saying they target the Islamic State group, but the West and Syrian opposition say it overwhelmingly targets anti-Assad rebels. 2015 December - Britain joins US-led bombing raids against Islamic State in wake of Paris suicide bombing attacks. Syrian Army allows rebels to evacuate remaining area of Homs, returning Syria's third-largest city to government control after four years. 2016 February - A US-Russian-brokered partial ceasefire between government and major rebel forces comes into effect, after a major pro-government drive to capture Aleppo. Islamic State is not included. 2016 March - Syrian government forces retake Palmyra from Islamic State, with Russian air assistance. 2016 May - The US-Russian-brokered ceasefire is extended to Aleppo after an upsurge in fighting there.


Committee Guide

Yemen Crisis: Yemen faces its biggest crisis in decades with the overthrow of its government by the Houthis, a Zaydi Shia movement, which prompted a Saudi-led counteroffensive. The fighting has had devastating humanitarian consequences, and while the Saudi-led coalition and pro-government forces have rolled back the Houthis, they are no closer to reinstating the internationally recognized government in the capital of Sana’a. Amid factional fighting, al-Qaeda’s Arabian Peninsula franchise has captured expanses of coastal territory. Meanwhile, the United Nations has designated the humanitarian emergency in Yemen as severe and complex as those in Iraq, South Sudan, and Syria. The fighting, and a Saudi-imposed blockade meant to enforce an arms embargo, has brought the country to the brink of famine. Parties to the Conflict: The Houthis began in the late 1980s as a religious and cultural revivalist movement among practitioners of Zaydi Shi’ism in northern Yemen. The Zaydis are a minority in the majority-Sunni Muslim country, but predominant in the northern highlands along the Saudi border, and until 1962, Zaydi imams ruled much of the region. The Houthis became politically active after 2003, opposing Saleh for backing the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. The Houthis repeatedly fought the Saleh regime—and, in 2009, an intervening Saudi force. In post-Saleh Yemen, the movement gained support from far beyond its northern base for its criticisms of the UN-backed transition. Former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, though deposed in 2011 amid popular protests and elite jockeying, has gained in popularity among some Yemenis who have grown disillusioned with the transition. He and his son Ahmed Abdullah Saleh command the loyalty of some elements of Yemen’s security forces, tribal networks, and the General Peoples’ Congress (GPC) political party. Their alliance with the Houthis is a tactical one: Saleh’s loyalists oppose Hadi’s government, feel they were marginalized in the transition process, and seek to regain a leading role in Yemen. Iran is the Houthis’ primary international backer and has reportedly provided the Houthis with military support, including arms.


Committee Guide

Yemen’s government has also accused Hezbollah, Iran’s Lebanese ally, of aiding the Houthis. The Houthis and Iran share similar geopolitical interests: Iran seeks to challenge Saudi and U.S. dominance of the region, and the Houthis are the primary opposition to Hadi’s Saudi- and U.S.-backed government in Sana’a. President Abed Rabbo Mansour al-Hadi, the internationally recognized president, returned to Yemen after eight months of exile in Saudi Arabia in November 2015, but he remains confined to the presidential palace in Aden and it is unclear whether he commands much authority beyond there. Saudi Arabia has led the coalition air campaign to roll back the Houthis and reinstate Hadi’s government. Riyadh perceives that Houthi control of Yemen would mean a hostile neighbor that threatens its southern border. It also considers Yemen a front in its contest with Iran for regional dominance, and losing Sana’a would only add to what it perceives as an ascendant Iran that has allies in power in Baghdad, Beirut, and Damascus. Riyadh’s concerns have been compounded by its perception that the United States is retrenching from the region and that its nuclear accord with Iran will embolden Tehran.


Committee Guide

Timeline: March 21, 2011: A standoff which is centered on the presidential palace takes place between security forces in the capital city of Sanaa while embattled President Ali Abdullah Saleh continues to resist stepping down, claiming that the "majority of Yemeni people" support him. June 8, 2011: Assassins severely wound President Ali Abdullah Saleh with an improvised explosive device attack.

March 30, 2012: A deal brokered by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and signed by former Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh in November 2011 removed Saleh from the presidency. Saleh continues to try to undermine the GCC deal.

June 13, 2012: The Yemeni military announced on June 12 that it had retaken control of two towns seized in early 2011 by al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), the jihadist group's Yemeni franchise.

April 11, 2013: Hadi's ongoing struggle to consolidate power comes as the central government is simultaneously attempting to manage the threat from al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and Yemen's increasingly violent southern secessionist movement

Feb. 5, 2014: Yemeni government sources reported on Feb. 2 that President Abd Rabboh Mansour Hadi approved the formation of a federal republic organized into six regions.

July 29, 2014: The success of a rebel campaign in northern Yemen is threatening to destabilize the already weak and overwhelmed government in Sanaa. After capturing the city of Amran, in early July, the rebels from the al-Houthi tribe are in their strongest position yet.

Aug. 22, 2014: Yemen's al-Houthi rebels, affiliated with the Zaidi sect of Shi'ism found in northern Yemen, have capitalized on their recent territorial gains and are now effectively laying siege to the capital and threatening to topple the Sunni government.


Committee Guide

Nov. 17, 2014: The composition of Yemen's new technocratic reconciliation government reveals President Abd Rabboh Mansour Hadi's strategy for ruling the country.

Jan. 19, 2015: On Jan. 17, militiamen associated with rebellious al-Houthi movement — affiliated with the Zaidi sect of Shi'ism found in northern Yemen — allegedly kidnapped Ahmed Awad Bin Mubarak, the chief of staff to Yemeni President Abd Rabboh Mansour Hadi. Palestine- Israel Conflict: The Palestinian people have been without any nation, and have had limited rights, while suffering from poverty. Israel continued to increase and expand their settlements into occupied territories, giving up less and less land compared to what was promised. Many Palestinians living in Israel do not have the right to vote, or have limited rights, while paying full taxes. For over 3 decades, the Palestinian people have been living under military occupation. The frustration and injustice of the treatment of Palestinians has angered many citizens in the Arab world against US/Israeli policies. Palestinian frustration has spilled into extremism in some cases as well. Many militant groups from Palestine and other areas of the Middle East have therefore sprung up in recent years as well as past decades, performing acts of what the West and Israel describe as terrorism and what the groups themselves justify as freedom fighting (though achieving freedom through terrorist actions could arguably still be called terrorist organizations, despite claimed motives). Suicide bombings, and past acts of terrorism have terrorized Israeli civilians, making peace harder and harder to imagine, yet it has been easy to influence and recruit the


Committee Guide

young, impressionable and angry into extremist causes. As violence continues, it seems that it will remain easy to find recruits to violent causes. Timeline 2008 December - Israel launches month-long full-scale invasion of Gaza to prevent Hamas and other groups from launching rockets. 2009 January - Discovery of major offshore natural gas deposits. 2009 February - Right-wing parties prevail in elections, Likud leader Benjamin Netanyahu forms government. 2010 May - Nine Turkish pro-Palestinian activists killed in clashes during Israeli boarding of ships attempting to break blockade of Gaza. Relations with Turkey approach breaking point. Israel apologizes for deaths in 2013. 2010 September - Direct talks resume between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, only to falter over the question of settlements. 2011 Summer-Autumn - Rising prices prompt major protests. Government improves competition in food market and makes cheaper housing more available. 2011 October - Hamas release Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit in exchange for 1,027 prisoners in deal brokered by Germany and Egypt. 2012 March - Worst clashes since 2008 with Gaza-based armed groups, following Israel's killing of Popular Resistance Committees' leader Zohair al-Qaisi. 2012 May - Israel releases bodies of 91 prisoners and suicide bombers in "humanitarian gesture" to Palestinian Authority, intended to set scene for resumed talks. 2012 November - Israel launches week-long military campaign against Gaza-based armed groups following months of escalating rocket attacks on Israeli towns. 2013 March - Mr. Netanyahu replaces most religious Jewish groups with centrist and secular parties in government after the latter's strong showing in January elections. 2013 May - Israeli and Syrian troops exchange fire as Syrian civil war reaches Golan Heights. 2013 July - Talks resume with Palestinian Authority under US auspices. Israel releases 104 Palestinian prisoners in "goodwill gesture". Talks scheduled to last nine months.


Committee Guide

2013 December - Israel, Jordan and Palestinian Authority sign agreement to save the Dead Sea from drying up by pumping water from the Red Sea. 2014 January - Energy and Water Minister Silvan Shalom attends renewable energy conference in Abu Dhabi, leading a business delegation in first visit to United Arab Emirates since 2010. 2014 March - Mass protests by ultra-Orthodox Jews in Jerusalem against bill ending wholesale exemptions for religious students from military service. 2014 June - Israel responds to the kidnapping and murder of three Jewish teenagers in the West Bank by arresting numerous Hamas members. Militants responds by escalating rocket-fire from Gaza. 2014 July-August - Israel responds to attacks by armed groups in Gaza with a military campaign by air and land to knock out missile launching sites and attack tunnels. Clashes end in uneasy Egyptian-brokered ceasefire in August. 2014 December - Prime Minister Netanyahu dismisses Yesh Yatid and HaTnua leaders from government in dispute over tax breaks and controversial bill to reinforce Jewish nature of state, prompting early elections. 2015 May - Seven weeks after winning a surprise victory at early elections in March, Prime Minister Netanyahu forms a new coalition government. The main junior partner in the Likud-led coalition - which has a majority of one in the 120-member Knesset - is the right-wing Bayit Yehudi (Jewish Home) party. 2015 October - Spate of stabbing attacks on Israelis by Palestinians in Jerusalem the West Bank and parts of Israel raises tension. 2015 November - Israel suspends contact with European Union officials in talks with Palestinians over EU decision to label goods from Jewish settlements in the West Bank as coming not from Israel but from settlements. Pointers

• Repercussions of conflict on the global community • What is the humanitarian situation? • What are the causes of the crisis? • How does the current crisis risk the stability of the Middle East as a

whole?


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• What consequences could arise in regards to global fuel supplies and international terrorism?

• Can the situation be effectively managed through international mediation or is military intervention necessary to provide order and stability?

• How to rebuild civil societies in the affected countries and help with the poverty?

• How does the conflict impact the world economy? Useful links

• http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29123668 • http://www.globalissues.org/article/119/the-middle-east-conflict-a-

brief-background • http://www.thenational.ae/business/energy/how-the-conflict-in-

yemen-is-impacting-the-oil-market • http://www.cfr.org/yemen/yemen-crisis/p36488 • http://journal.georgetown.edu/the-economic-impacts-of-syrian-

refugees-challenges-and-opportunities-in-host-countries/ • http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14703995 • http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868


Committee Guide

Topic B: Threat of faceless Terror Introduction: Terrorism continues to threaten the entire international community, as barely a week passes without news reports of terrorist acts committed in different parts of the globe. It endangers innocent civilians, and no one is secure from this risk. More recently, the issues of foreign terrorist fighters and youth extremism have become particularly challenging for the international community. The number of recruited fighters who have joined the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Al-Qaida, and other groups has increased to over 25,000 individuals this year, and terrorist groups are actively recruiting young, disenfranchised people into their ranks via internet and particularly social media portals making the ability to inhibit these challenges difficult. International terrorism and terrorist groups, such as ISIL, Al-Qaida, and their affiliates, pose a serious threat to international peace and security. The crimes committed by these groups continue to cause enormous human suffering around the globe. In order to combat terrorism and restore peace and security in the affected regions, Member States must address the issue considering all existing challenges, including the incitement of terrorism, recruitment of foreign terrorist fighters, radicalization of youth, and the financing of terrorist groups activities through trade. Paris Attacks: December 9, 2015 The attacks were described by President Francois Hollande as an "act of war" organized by the Islamic State (IS) militant group. Shootings and bomb blasts left 130 people dead and hundreds wounded, with more than 100 in a critical condition. "Three coordinated teams" were believed to have been behind the attacks, according to Paris chief prosecutor Francois Molins. In the days immediately after the attacks, French police carried out hundreds of raids across the country, as the search for suspects continued. Raids also took place in the Belgian city of Brussels. The deadliest attack of the night came at a concert venue on Boulevard Voltaire, also in the 11th district, where Californian rock group Eagles of Death Metal was playing. The 1,500-seat Bataclan hall was sold out. Eighty-nine people died as the men fired Kalashnikov-type assault rifles


Committee Guide

into the crowd. At least 99 others were taken to hospital in a critical condition. Bamako hotel attack: November 20, 2015 A group of al-Qaeda-linked militants took 170 people hostage, ultimately killing 20, during a mass shooting at a Radisson Blu hotel in Bamako, the capital of Mali in West Africa. Malian commandoes ultimately raided the hotel and freed the hostages, killing the two assailants. Another seven people were wounded.

Tunis bus attack: November 24, 2015 A suicide bomber linked to the so-called Islamic State struck a bus loaded with Tunisian presidential guards. The lone bomber killed 13 people in what was the third significant attack attributed to ISIS in Tunisia in 2015. San Bernardino attack: December 2, 2015 In the most prominent terrorist attack in the US since Paris, two shooters, a husband and wife team, opened fire on the husband's colleagues at the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health. In the attack, 14 people were killed and another 22 were seriously injured. A manhunt ensued and the two perpetrators, Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik were killed in a shootout with police. The FBI said the two shooters were "inspired" by ISIS, but conducted the attacks on their own. Istanbul bombing: January 12, 2016 A suicide bombing in a popular central square in Istanbul, Turkey's largest city, left 13 people dead and 14 people injured. All of the dead were foreigners. The perpetrator was identified as Nabil Fadli, an ISIS follower from Syria.


Committee Guide

Splendid Hotel attack: January 15, 2016 A group of al-Qaeda backed militants attacked the Splendid Hotel in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso. At least 30 people were killed, and another 56 were wounded. Government forces mounted a raid and freed more than 170 hostages. Four assailants were killed and another two or three escaped. Ankara bombing: February 17, 2016 Kurdish freedom fighters attacked a convoy of buses killing military personnel and civilians during evening rush hour. At least 29 people were killed and another 60 people were injured. The attack, which was carried out by a car bomb, was targeted at military forces, the Kurdistan Freedom Falcons said. One perpetrator died in the attacks. Istanbul bombing: March 19, 2016 At least four people were killed by a suicide bomber that has rocked the residents of Istanbul to their core. Another 36 people were wounded by the attack on Istanbul's main shopping street. About one-third of the injured were foreign tourists. Thus far, no one has claimed responsibility. Ivory Coast Attacks: March 13, 2016 Gunmen from al-Qaida’s North African branch have killed at least 16 people, including four Europeans, after they opened fire near several hotels in the Ivory Coast. The shooting came amid fears the jihadi threat is spreading in West Africa. The government said security forces had killed the six assailants who launched attacks on three hotels in the popular seaside town of Grand-Bassam. Brussels: March 22, 2016 Terrorists who had reportedly pledged allegiance to the terror organization known as the Islamic State group in Iraq and Syria used


Committee Guide

explosive devices and suicide vests in twin attacks on an airport and a central subway station Tuesday, killing 31 and wounding 300. Lahore Bombing: March 27, 2016 At least 70 people - mostly women and children - have been killed at a crowded park in Pakistan in a suicide blast that also wounded more than 300 people, officials said. A faction of the Pakistani Taliban, Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, later claimed responsibility for the attack in the eastern city of Lahore and said that it was aimed at Christians. Bangladesh attack: July 1, 2016 20 foreign hostages killed, "most hacked to death". Nine Italians, seven Japanese, an American and an Indian among the dead. 13 hostages, including three foreigners, freed. Six gunmen killed, one captured. ISIL claims responsibility for attack on Holey Artisan café. Turkey Attack: June 29, 2016 Thirteen suspects, including 10 Turks, have been charged over the Istanbul airport suicide bombings, the deadliest of several attacks to strike Turkey’s biggest city this year. Turkish officials have pointed blame at the Islamic State jihadist group for Tuesday’s gun and bomb spree at Ataturk airport, which left 45 people dead including 19 foreigners. Turkish media have identified the strike’s organizer as Akhmed Chatayev, the Chechen leader of an Isis cell in Istanbul who reportedly found accommodation for the bombers. Nice, France: July 14, 2016 At least 84 killed and 202 injired after a truck plowed through a Bastille Day celebration. The truck driver was indetified by French media as a 31 year old Tunisian- born Frenchman named Mohamed Bouhlel , who had a petty criminal record but was not known to have an links to Islamic radicals.


Committee Guide

Terrorist attack across the world 2016


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Pointers:

• How can the international community ensure the respect of human rights while countering terrorism?

• Financing of Terrorist Groups • Controlling the recruitment of foreign terrorist fighters from their

states through direct contact with recruiters as well as via social media

• How can capacity be increased for combatting terrorism? • Countering youth radicalization and extremism • Is there a possibility for religious strife? How?

Useful Links:

• http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34818994 • http://www.pri.org/stories/2016-03-22/paris-there-have-been-

hundreds-terrorist-attacks-many-have-gone-unnoticed • http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/13/gunmen-open-fire-

in-ivory-coast-tourist-resort • http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/03/deadly-blast-hits-pakistan-

lahore-160327143110195.html

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UNSC - storage.googleapis.comstorage.googleapis.com/wzukusers/user-17935610... · Turkish border town kills five civilians. Turkey returns fire and intercepts a Syrian plane allegedly