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10th edition, January 2013

MaGaZine

United Nations

Department of Peacekeeping Operations

Special tiMor-leSte edition: duty coMpleted

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[ THE POLICE DIVISION IN aCTION ]

48 ] SPC contributes to the United Nations strategic review or Somalia

49 ] Member States convene to discuss support to UN Police

51 ] Harmonizing international police peacekeeping servicesthrough the Strategic Guidance Framework

53 ] Delivering as one through the Global Focal Point or

Police, Justice and Corrections

54 ] Renorcer la coopration avec lOrganisationInternationale de la Francophonie

[ LOOKING BaCK ON

TIMOR-LESTE ]04 ] A word rom: UNPOL Commission

05 ] A word rom: PNTL Commander

06 ] The UN in Timor-Leste:1999-2012

10 ] At work in UNMIT:A brie history o the UN Police inTimor-Leste, 2006-2012

14 ] In their own words: Personal storrom Timor-Leste

18 ] Enorcing the law on domestic viole

20 ] Achieving long-term stability throucommunity policing

22 ] Lessons learned

24 ] Future ocus and challenges building relationships or sustainecollaboration

26 ] Timor-Leste as test bed:

Piloting the civilian policeexperts model

[ INTRODuCTION ]01 ] Foreword, Jan Eliasson

United Nations Deputy Secretary-General

28 ] A year in review: UN Police in 2012

[ FactS & FiGureS ]

36 ] Actual/Authorized/Female Deploymo UN Police in Peacekeeping Missi

43 ] Top Ten Contributors o Female UPolice Ocers

55 ] Top Ten Contributors o UN Police

62 ] FPU Deployment

67 ] UN Police Contributing Countries (

[ uPDaTE ON GLOBaL EFFORT ]

32 ] 2012 highlights rom the global eort

34 ] Canadian Premier Kathy Dunderdale Supports Global Eort

35 ] One-on-one with Rezi Danismend

42 ] UNOCI welcomes Rwandese emale police contingent44 ] MINUSTAH releases action plan or gender issues

[ uNPOL ON PaTROL ]

58 ] UNMAS builds capacity in Aghan National Police

60 ] Saely disposing o ordnance in the South Sudan

61 ] Hai Gabet, South Sudan takes community policing a notch higher

63 ] SPC deploys experts to Mali, Aghanistan

[ FROM THE DESK OF THE POLICE aDVISER ]

64 ] A arewell message rom Commissioner Ann-Marie Orler

TaBLE OF CONTENTS

On Dt or Pece: ne pbliction rom the uN Police Division

For more ino and some additional images, see page 68

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10TH EDITION | 01

FOREwORD

This tenth edition o the United Nations Police Magazine oers an oppor-tunity to look back on a record o accomplishment and to look ahead to

the challenges o in establishing the rule o law in confict-torn countries.

In September, 2012, important progress was made when the General As-sembly High-Level Meeting on the Rule o Law unanimously adopted aDeclaration rearming the international communitys commitment to de-livering justice worldwide.

United Nations Police have been working to advance this cause undersome o the most adverse conditions: where confict has shattered homesand trust, where ragile institutions struggle against corruption and inse-curity and where people desperately need recourse to justice in order toheal old wounds and embark on the road to a new uture.

In societies emerging rom war, citizens oten ear local police, who mayhave been associated with the confict. Deploying to these communities,United Nations Police must do more than help rebuild damaged inrastruc-ture they must repair broken aith in the authorities.

As this magazine demonstrates, United Nations Police have overcome di-cult problems in diverse settings, restoring condence in local policeand the rule o law. As people begin to see tangible improvements inpublic saety, they eel increasingly protected, supported and hopeul.United Nations Police can be proud o helping to steer communities andcountries along the path o a better uture.

Timor-Leste is a remarkable example o police peacekeeping in action.When peacekeepers deployed there in 2006, the country was in chaos. Vi-olence and instability had displaced hundreds o thousands o people. Bythe time the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste withdrewat the end o 2012, the Policia Nacional de Timor-Leste provided securityas the country conducted a peaceul general election and completed thehandover o power.

There are many challenges ahead, but Timor-Leste now has a vibrantjudiciary, a reormed penal system and an accountable, equipped andunctioning national police service which can all contribute to lastingstability.

In Timor-Leste and around the world, United Nations Police have an-swered the call to help establish the rule o law. I hope that by highlight-ing this work, with a special ocus on UN policing in Timor-Leste, thismagazine will contribute to even greater successes in the uture.

Jan EliassonUnited Nations Deputy Secretary-General

United Nations Headquarters, New YorkDecember 2012

UN Photo

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LOOKINGBACK ONTIMOR-LESTE

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04 | UN POLICE MAGAZINE

a wORD FROM:uNPOL COMMISSIONER

As the UN peacekeeping service in Timor-Leste departs, I am honoured to havethis opportunity to refect on the many successes o the partnership betweenthe National Police o Timor-Leste (PNTL) and the United Nations Police (UN-POL) over the past six years.

I you take a walk through the streets o Dili or explore the many district townsaround the country, you will nd little hint o the total breakdown o law andorder that was unolding just six years ago.

Children walk saely to school. Businesses are thriving. Citizens participate innational and international sporting events. Young people attend outdoor musicconcerts and estivals at night without ear.

Today, PNTL ocers are condently walking their beats, maintaining law andorder, investigating crimes, controlling trac, accompanying VIPs, patrollingborder areas and keeping communities sae. Although challenges remain, PNTLhas made signicant progress in just six years.

In these pages, you will read about how this happened in such a short time. Inbrie, however, I believe our successes resulted rom a combination o holistictraining, hard work, dedication and a commitment to serving the community.PNTL leadership also emphasized the importance o maintaining a positive at-titude, as well as a determination to succeed and move orward.

One o my proudest and most emotional moments arrived on 27 March 2011when I handed over responsibility or policing to PNTL General Commander Lon-

guinhos Monteiro. Another milestone came when we sent Timorese police o-cers to the UN mission in Guinea-Bissau. Very soon, 17 more, including twowomen, will be deployed to other UN peacekeeping missions around the world,which will provide learning experiences that they can take home with them. Iam inspired by the PNTLs willingness to help other countries develop their ownpolice services and learn rom the Timorese experience.

I also have to underline my strong riendship with General Commander Monteiro,whose proessionalism, dedication and good humour I greatly admire. There weremany challenges, but we aced them together and overcame them.

Together, with passionate national and international colleagues, we have had thegreat ortune o sharing the challenges, hard work and great sense o satisactionthat comes rom cultivating a brand new national police service in Timor-Leste.

I could not complete my message without an enormous thank you to all theUNPOL police and civilian ocers, as well as all the national and internationalsta within UNMITs police component who devoted their time to peace, sta-bility and the development o a strong, proessional and credible police servicein Timor-Leste. Timor-Leste will always be in our hearts.

Luis Miguel Carrilho,Police Commissioner, UNMIT

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10TH EDITION | 05

a wORD FROM:PNTL COMMaNDER

Every member o the police service is a guardian and servanto the public. His or her duty is to protect all citizens andtreat everyone with unailing patience and courtesy, regard-less o social position or gender.

Building a credible police service involves much more thanteaching ocers to go on patrol or make an arrest. Policeocers need a wide range o skills and a broad base oknowledge to be eective.

They need to understand police policies and procedures,the laws relating to police work and how the court systemworks. They need skills in interviewing, observing human

behaviour, confict resolution and negotiation. They needto communicate well with their peers and the public, solveproblems and work in teams. They need to be impartial andto have respect and compassion or others. And they needto have physical and moral courage.

To help ensure that the ocers o the National Police o Timor-Leste (PNTL) could meet as many o these re-quirements as possible, the UN Police designed and delivered hundreds o on-the-job trainings and workshops.Through these eorts, the PNTL learned about the principles o democratic policing, the nobility in the callto serve and protect. They also learned more technical aspects o policing, including legislation, domesticviolence law, investigations, discipline, administration, report writing, arrest procedures, confict resolution,public order management and intelligence gathering. Together we conducted regular assessments to determinewhen each unit was ready to resume responsibility or policing.

I am extremely proud to say that, through this partnership, the PNTL have been ully in charge o the countryslaw enorcement and public security since March 2011.

Good policing is central to stability, security and the creation o democratic space. One o the greatest expres-sions o democracy is the ability o citizens to participate in ree and air elections. The National Police oTimor-Leste were responsible or ensuring security during the presidential elections in March and April and theparliamentary election in July. UN Police helped the PNTL prepare or this role through training activities andthe development o a joint national security operations plan.

These are but two recent examples o the impact o the partnership between the PNTL and UNPOL, and theyconcretely demonstrate the undamental message o my colleague and riend Police Commissioner Luis Carrilho,Together, we can do it.

In closing, I would like to say that today is the start o a new and intriguing chapter or Timor-Leste. I believein Timor-Leste as a nation because o the strength o its people. Our common vision is becoming a reality astrong, credible and sustainable police service, able and ready to keep the citizens o my country sae.

Longuinhos Monteiro,General Commander, PNTL

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06 | UN POLICE MAGAZINE 10TH EDITION | 0

UNTAET

United Nations Transitional Administrationin East Timor

October 1999May 2002

Sergio Vieira de Mello - Special Representativeo the Secretary-General and Transitional

Administrator

UN Security Council establishes the United Nations Transi-tional Administration in East Timor to administer a transi-tion to ull independence. Its mandate includes all legisla-tive, executive and judicial authority or administering thecountry. UN supports programmes addressing the wide-spread destruction o inrastructure and displacement opeople in the violence ollowing the Popular Consultation.

More than 110,000 East Timorese return rom WestTimor reugee camps by December 1999.

National Consultative Council orms in December1999 to ensure the East Timorese have direct involve-ment in decisions.

Command o military operations transers rom IN-TERFET to the United Nations Peacekeeping Force inFebruary 2000.

People o Timor-Leste elect an 88-member Constitu-ent Assembly in August 2001 to write the countrysConstitution.

Constituent Assembly signs Timor-Lestes Constitu-tion on 22 March 2002.

Timor-Leste holds rst presidential election in April2002.

Democratic Republic o Timor-Leste becomes the rstnew sovereign state o the millennium on 20 May2002; Kay Rala Xanana Gusmo is the President, andMari Alkatiri the Prime Minister.

ThE UN IN TIMOR-LESTE:1999-2012

UNAMET

United Nations Assistance Mission in East Timor

June 1999October 1999

Ian Martin - Special Representative o the Secretary-General

UN Security Council establishes the United Nations Assistance Mission in East Timor to conduct the1999 Popular Consultation, allowing sel-determination by the people o East Timor. Security Councilendorses the International Force in East Timor (INTERFET) to restore law and order when violencebreaks out ollowing the Popular Consultation.

In the Popular Consultation o 30 August 1999, an overwhelming 78.5 per cent o East Timorsvoters reject special autonomy within Indonesia, paving the way or ull independence.

A wave o arson and terror destroys much o East Timors inrastructure, and tens o thousandso people fee their homes or are orcibly displaced to West Timor.

UN Photo / Martine Perret UN Photo

Celebration or the 5 May 1999 Agreement which led to theestablishment o the rst UN mission in Timor-Leste, UNAMET.(UN Photo / Martine Perret)

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UNMIT

United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-LesteAugust 2006December 2012

Atul Khare - Special Representative o the Secretary-General, December 2006December 2009

Ameerah Haq - Special Representative o the Secre

tary-General, January 2010June 2012

Finn Reske-Nielsen - Acting Special Representative othe Secretary-General, June 2012December 2012

UN Security Council establishes the United Nations Integrate

Mission in Timor-Leste ollowing the outbreak o violence. Thmission has a ar-reaching mandate to assist Timor-Leste in addressing the consequences and underlying causes o confictUNMIT helps Timor-Leste consolidate stability, nurture democracy, promote human rights, train police, strengthen the justicsystem and enhance civilian oversight o security orces. UNMITs mandate entails both executive policing responsibility ana remit to develop capacity o the Timorese police.

Timor-Leste conducts presidential and parliamentary elections in 2007 with UNMIT support.

Timor-Leste closes the last camp or internally displacepersons on 16 June 2009.

UNMIT hands over responsibility or the conduct, commanand control o police operations to the National Police oTimor-Leste on 27 March 2011.

Timor-Leste conducts presidential elections in March anApril 2012.

Timor-Leste celebrates the 10th anniversary o the Restoration o Independence on 20 May 2012, and Taur MataRuak is sworn in as President.

Timor-Leste conducts parliamentary elections on 7 July 2012

Timor-Leste inaugurates its third parliament on 8 Augus2012. Kay Rala Xanana Gusmo re-assumes the role oPrime Minister on 8 August 2012.

UNMIT departs 31 December 2012.

UNMISET

United Nations Mission o Support in East TimorMay 2002May 2005

Kamalesh Sharma - Special Representative othe Secretary-General, May 2002 May 2004

Sukehiro Hasegaa - Special Representative

o the Secretary-General, May 2004 May2005

UN Security Council establishes the United Nations Mis-sion o Support in East Timor to support the newly inde-pendent nation.

Timor-Leste becomes the 191st Member State o theUnited Nations on 27 September 2002.

Timor-Leste assumes ull responsibility or policingand external security on 20 May 2004.

UN withdraws peacekeepers.

UNOTIL

United Nations Ofce in Timor-LesteMay 2005August 2006

Sukehiro Hasegaa - Special Representative o the

Secretary-General, May 2005 August 2006

UN Security Council establishes the United Nations Oce in Timor-Leste,a political mission, to support the continued development o nationalinstitutions and the police service, as well as to promote democracy andhuman rights.

Timor-Leste Commission or Reception, Truth and Reconciliationestimates in its December 2005 report, Chega! (Enough!), that a

minimum o 102,800 confict-related deaths occurred rom 1975to 1999.

Protests over the dismissal o soldiers lead to clashes between themilitary and police in April and May 2006 in the capital Dili.

More than 100,000 people are displaced in the ensuing unrest.

Australia leads an international orce to restore law and order atthe request o the Government o Timor-Leste.

UN Photo

UN Photo

UN Photo

ParliamentaryElectionsUnde

rwayinTimor-LesteJune2007.

(UNPhoto/SteveTickner)

UNMIT UNPOL on Patrol. (UN Photo / Martine Perret)

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AT wORk IN UNMIT:A bRIEf hISTORy Of ThE UN POLIcEIN TIMOR-LESTE, 2006-2012

Te einnin o UNMIT

The strong partnership between Timor-Leste and the United Nations dates back toits support or East Timors struggle or sel-determination, which directly ollowedthe historic Popular Consultation in 1999. Since then, the country has hosted ouradditional UN peacekeeping and political operations, while also working collabora-tively with a number o UN unds, agencies and programmes.

The UN Security Council deployed the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) in response to the internal crisis that shook the country in April andMay 2006. Its ar-reaching mission was to assist Timor-Leste in addressing the con-

sequences and underlying causes o confict. UNMIT helped Timor-Leste consolidatestability, nurture democracy, promote human rights, train police, strengthen the

justice system and enhance civilian oversight o security orces.

Throughout the six years o UNMITs work, the UN Police helped deliver the mis-sions major mandate o stabilizing the country and reconstituting the NationalPolice o Timor-Leste (PNTL).

At the time o UNMITs inception, the streets o Dili and outlying districts oTimor were still experiencing street battles between gangs, resulting in rockghting and the use o other weapons. UNPOL, in collaboration with FormedPolice Units (FPU) rom Portugal, Malaysia, Bangladesh and later Pakistan, werecalled upon to quell the violence. The political climate remained fuid and thesecurity situation volatile.

A pase approa

The Supplemental Policing Arrangement (SPA), signed 1 December 2006 betweenUNMIT and the Government o Timor-Leste, adopted a phased approach (initial,consolidation and ull reconstitution) or the reorm, restructuring and rebuildingo the PNTL.

During the presidential and parliamentary elections in June 2007, UNPOL ocersstood alongside their PNTL counterparts. With UNPOLs support and direction, the

PNTL ensured a peaceul and successul election process.

In February 2008, a renegade group o ex-Timorese Armed Forces (F-FDTL) membersattempted to assassinate Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana Gusmo and PresidentJose Ramos-Horta, the latter o whom was seriously wounded. Encouragingly, thestate institutions, including the PNTL, responded to the emergency situation with arm yet measured approach, ensuring that violence did not resurace. At this time,it became apparent that the work o UNPOL had allowed the PNTL to move alongthe road to ull institutional capacity.

PNTL Trac Agent in Dili. (UN Photo / Martine Perret)

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Since that time, UNMIT has moved through two distinct phases o the mission. The consolidation phase usheredin a process o gradual, district-by-district resumption o primary policing responsibilities by PNTL. Activitiesincluded an intensive period o assessment, which measured the capabilities o each PNTL district and unit anddetermined whether they were ready or transition. This phase began in May 2009 and ended on 27 March 2011with the resumption o primary policing responsibilities by the PNTL in all police districts and units.

With resumption o policing responsibility by the PNTL, UNPOL shited into a capacity-building phase. InFebruary 2011, the PNTL General Commander and UNMIT Police Commissioner endorsed a Joint DevelopmentPlan (JDP), which specied capacity building in ve prioritized areas legislation, training, administration,discipline and operations. The JDP implementation process, which was also supported by the United NationsDevelopment Programme (UNDP), involved 257 JDP UNPOL advisers and 19 civilian police experts. This syner-getic mix o civilian and sworn ocer expertise, combined with the ocus provided by the JDP, contributed tothe PNTLs ull reconstitution.

Bilding cpcit o the PNTLWith the advice and support o UNPOL and other international partners, the Police Training Centre o PNTL (PTC)took primary responsibility or training the national police.

In 2011-2012 alone, the PTC delivered a total o 254 advanced and specialized courses involving 4,121 PNTLocers. In addition, a total o 883 reresher courses, involving 9,232 PNTL ocers, took place at the unit/district level.

During UNMITs six years o operation, the PTC managed more than 1,200 training programmes, deliveredthroughout the country. 13,968 PNTL ocers, including 3,125 women, increased their skills and knowledgethrough these eorts.

The exceptional partnership orged between the PNTL and UNPOL has played an integral part in helping Timor-Leste progress rom a nation on the brink o war to a nation o peace and stability. Despite occasional spikes incrimes o violence or civil unrest, crime rates remain relatively low and stable over the long term. While isolated

PNTLtrainers,20August2007.(UNPhoto

/MartinePerret)

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10TH EDITION | 13

incidents still occur due to unresolved issues, domestic violence, gang-related confict or land and propertydisputes, Timorese orces have proven their ability to respond to them.

The 2012 Presidential and Parliamentary elections provided a nal test not only or the countrys politicalstability, but also the capacity o the PNTL to maintain peace and security. The demonstrated credibility o

security institutions gave a clear signal that the PNTL was ready or ull reconstitution and certication on31 October 2012.

uNMIT highlights

UNMIT Police have been able to deliver on the missions major mandate o stabilizing the country andreconstituting the PNTL. Here are a ew highlights rom the many achievements rom UNMITs six yearsin Timor-Leste:

Stabilization o internal security situation and re-establishment o police activities throughout thewhole country (2006-07)

Certication o PNTL members or reintegration into the police service (2007-10)

Preparation o PNTL to resume policing responsibilities in all districts and units (May 2009 March2011)

Continued and progressive capacity building on PNTL in the areas identied by its own StrategicPlan, based on the community policing model chosen by the PNTL (2011-12)

Police security support provided eectively to two electoral processes with PNTL in the lead andUNMIT police in a pivotal advisory role. (June 2007, June 2012)

Final reconstitution o the PNTL (October 2012)

NationalInvestigation

Division(NID)atworkinBecoraJail.(UNPh

oto/MartinePerret)

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IN THEIR OwN wORDS:PERSONaL STORIES FROM

TIMOR-LESTEPolice Superintendent Ntrci Erci Sores Mrtins joined theNational Police o Timor-Leste (PNTL) in 2000. She holds a Bachelor

o Law degree and is married with three children.

I have been entrusted with the PNTL District Command o Liquia district since 2010 and am very proud o be-ing PNTLs rst, and only, emale District Commander. As a woman, it is oten dicult to be a police commanderas well as a mother, responsible or my amily and children. But with aith and sel-condence, I believe I canmanage both roles.

I am passionate in my role as District Commander because I love my country and people, especially those whoare vulnerable, those who have suered injustice or been victims o violence or violation. I have had similarexperiences mysel, and so I understand how others have been aected. Thereore, I have dedicated mysel toserving the PNTL and protecting others rights and reedom, so they can enjoy their countrys independence.

The security situation in Liquia district is sae, quiet and under control. The police work hard to ensure law andorder, in part by strengthening partnerships with community leaders and village security volunteers. By doingso, we have gained trust and respect within Liquia. This mutual trust has enabled us to introduce many crimeprevention strategies, and crime has decreased as a result.

On behal o PNTL Command and the community o Liquia, we wish a warm goodbye to all our UNPOL riends,

especially to Paul King in Liquia District. We hope we will meet each other again.

Thank you or reading this story.

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10TH EDITION | 15

Trafc Agent Helder F. Gerr joined the National Police o Timor-Leste 2001. He is 31 years old and married with one daughter.

My country went through an emotionally shattering and very dicult time during the Indonesian invasion. Ijoined the PNTL because I wanted to contribute my best to strengthening the nation and helping my countrymen.

It was a pleasure to have worked and trained under the UNPOLs. I must admit that the training was very helpul,and I learned a lot about trac-related laws, investigations and the management o trac. The contribution

by all the UNPOLs, rom all dierent countries, has been inspiring and tremendous.

Working or the PNTL is a dream come true. Not only do I love giving service to my countrymen, I eel veryortunate to be leading the PNTL band, since music is my other passion. So working or PNTL has given me thegreat opportunity to combine my proession with my passion.

When I lead the PNTL band at special ceremonies, I eel proud and honoured to be wearing the colours o thenational fag. The ceremony commemorating the certication o PNTL on 31 October 2012 was an unorget-table occasion. I elt we were sending a message to the world that the PNTL was ready to take up challengesindependently and become one o the best police services in the world.

I am grateul to my UNPOL riends or their selfess assistance, co-operation and riendship.

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UN Police Ofcer anthon (Ton)Crr is a Senior Sergeant whoserved with the New Zealand Con-

tingent in the Ofce o the Police

Commissioner rom 16 December2011 to 15 December 2012. Dur-

ing his year with UNMIT, he also

served in the Training Depart-

ment o the Police Training Centre

as well as the Reorm, Restructur-

ing and Rebuilding Department in

the National Police o Timor-Leste

(PNTL) headquarters.

Living and working as a police ocer among diversesocieties in both the United Kingdom and New Zealandgave me a lot o experience with a multitude o dier-ent cultures and ways o lie. Ive walked the beat as acommunity cop, dealt with riots and conducted manysearch warrants. These experiences in both countriesprovided valuable training or the community policingeort that was at the core o UNMITs mandate.

There are two key areas that I know I will look backon with pride and satisaction. Working as a trainer to

help increase the capacity o the national police at theground level, improve existing skills, and teach newones was very rewarding, both proessionally and per-sonally. In addition, being a member o the team thatprepared the PNTL or ull reconstitution provided methe experience o working at a high level with both UN-POL and the PNTL. It was an honour to witness the ullreconstitution o the PNTL on 31st October.

Being part o this ascinating machine that is the UN,meeting new people and visiting new places has beenextremely satisying. I was lucky enough to contribute

to many good projects and visit most o the districtsduring my time here. I have made new riends, bothrom Timor and many other nations, some o which Imsure will be riends or lie.

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10TH EDITION | 17

UNPOL Chie o National Opera-

tions Rl Crv was Sub-inten-dant o the Portuguese Police,

Deputy District Commander.

From 24 March 2011 to 15 De-cember 2012, he served with UN-

POL in the Training Department

o the Police Training Centre as

well as the Reorm, Restructur-

ing and Rebuilding Department

in PNTL headquarters.

Prior to joining UNMIT, Id worked as a policetrainer on bilateral cooperation in Mozambique andAngola. Timor-Leste was my rst UN mission, andI ound that all my previous experience, as wellas the trainings and courses taken since becominga police ocer, were essential to carrying out myresponsibilities.

In turn, UNMIT has taught me so much. What Ivelearned came not only rom observing and discuss-ing matters related to the missions activities, butalso through conversation and the exchange o ideaswith all the riends I have made, which included dis-cussions outside o our ocial UN roles, especially

those regarding police activities in my home country.

Possibly the most important thing I learned, how-ever, was that in spite o the dierent ways coun-tries and people do things, it is easy to coordinatewith each other i you share the same goal. The mostsatisying part o working in Timor-Leste was therecognition that PNTL is now ready to perorm itsduties, and that I contributed to this achievement.The eeling that UNPOL could complete all the tasksassigned, with groups o people rom over 40 dier-ent nationalities, gave the Timorese National Police

enough knowledge and capacity to work by them-selves and be independent as a police institution.

My advice to anyone thinking o applying to theUN is that the experience o working within a eldmission is very rich and unique. You learn not onlyrom other UNPOLs, but also rom the people youare helping, and the recognition that you helped acountry to achieve peace is the best eeling you canhave as a police ocer.

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ENFORCING THE Law ONDOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Domestic violence is the most common orm o gender-based violence in Timor-Leste. An estimated one-thirdo all women aged 15 or older experience will experience some orm o physical violence in their lietime.

Vlnerble Persons unitsTimor-Lestes Law on Domestic Violence, Law No. 7, was passed on 21 June 2010. It makes domestic violence apublic crime; provides or medical, legal and psycho-social support or survivors; and establishes a specializedpolice unit to aid in the investigation and protection o the victims o domestic violence. Because o this lastprovision, the PNTLs Criminal Investigation Services (CIS) National Vulnerable Persons Unit (VPU) and districtVPUs now serve in this capacity. In addition to investigation and protection, VPUs assist in the protection ovulnerable judicial parties, such as child victims, witnesses and oenders.

UN Police advisers supported the VPUs development in two key areas: (1) structural development and (2) tar-

geted, capacity-building strategies. Structural development programmes involved developing standard operat-ing procedures (SOPs) or the VPU. These SOPs provide guidelines on protective and investigative roles o theunit and also serve as a basis or uture laws related to domestic violence.

Women now comprise close to

20 per cent o the PNTL.

OcersinterviewingvictimoSGBV.(UNPhoto/MartinePerret)

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10TH EDITION | 19

Trining nd dvising on genderCapacity building eorts, meanwhile, have provided much needed training to host state police. The ProtectionOcer worked in coordination with the PNTL Training Centre, police advisers and other relevant agencies such

as UNFPA, UN Women, and UNICEF to develop training modules, manuals and toolkits designed specically orVPU ocers and trainers.

All training programmes also included gender mainstreaming objectives, which have been important through-out UNPOLs support to the PNTL. In consultation with UNMITs Gender Aairs Unit and Human Rights andTransitional Justice Section, a Gender and Human Rights Adviser has served a part o the Police Commissionersoce since the opening o the mission. A Gender Adviser was installed in the oce o the PNTL GeneralCommander in July 2009. Finally, UNMIT also hired a civilian Gender and Human Rights Adviser in 2011, whoensured gender issues were integrated in all policies, standard operating procedures, directives and ocialdocuments produced by UNPOL. This ocus has helped contribute to PNTL having one o the highest numbers oemale police representation in the region. Women now comprise close to 20 per cent o the PNTL.

UNMITs police helped compile risk assessment tools, victims rights orms, a domestic violence investigationpocket checklist, and other related materials designed specically to help the PNTL respond to domestic violenceand other gender-based violence. A training-o-trainer course also provides instruction on applying the domesticviolence law, providing protection or children in danger, and dealing with children in confict with the law. Thiscomprehensive package o materials will continue to provide ongoing guidance long ater UNMITs departure.

VulnerablePersonsUn

itinterviewroominDiliDistrict.(UNPhoto

/MartinePerret)

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AchIEvINg LONg-TERM STAbILITyThROUgh cOMMUNITy POLIcINg

Police ocers cannot aord to be outsiders. They must work hard to be respected and accepted bythe people whom they serve. To protect a community, the police must rst be a part o it, which canonly be achieved through a wholehearted commitment to human rights.

A pilosop, not a proramme

Community policing is not a sot option it is a policing philosophy. Community policing ocers carryrearms and are prepared to use reasonable orce when necessary, but their primary ocus is to resolveconficts and reduce crime through preventative, problem solving strategies. Community policing, atits core, engages citizens to work collaboratively with the police; it encourages a community to share

joint ownership its their own saety and security.

communit Poliin National Ation PlanThe goal o the National Police o Timor-Lestes (PNTL) Community Policing National Action Plan is toimprove the ability o police to solve ongoing crime and disorder problems, which will lead to a reduc-tion in long-term issues a ecting communities. It also aims to reduce the communitys ear o crimeand disorder, increase the willingness o the community to report crimes, and improve communitycondence in and respect or the PNTL at both the organizational and individual ocer levels.

Supported by the New Zealand Community-policing Programme, the Community Policing National Ac-tion Plan, which ocuses on activities through 2013, identies national priorities in crime prevention,peace maintenance and community volunteerism. Within those priorities there are two signicantbodies o project work: community police posts and community volunteers.

communit poliin on te roun in Timor-Leste

The Timorese approach to community policing in Bobonaro and Liquia districts provide two goodexamples o how this plan is enacted in the eld. In Bobonaro, the District Commander began a pi-lot project in June 2011 in two rural villages that is managed within existing district resources. Theproject is based on the Japanese Ko-ban, a small neighbourhood police station that is the smallestorganizational unit in the Japanese police system. The positive outcomes o this eort have beencaptured in a guidebook, produced by the district police, which describes how to create and managesuch a programme.

In Liquia, the District Commander initiated a Community Volunteers programme modelled roughlyon the Australasian Neighbourhood Watch model and aimed at accessing more remote communities.Neighbourhood Watch is Australasias largest community-based crime prevention programme.

The cooperation displayed by the community in their interactions with the police is an indication othe increasing trust and condence the Timorese place in their police. While building mutual trustis an ongoing process, the goal is that the community will look upon the police as the guardian anddeender to whom they turn in times o distress.

Community policing, at its core, engages citizens to

work collaboratively with the police; it encourages

a community to share joint ownership its

their own safety and security

Members o the Standing Police Capacity visit Timor-Leste. (UN Photo)

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LESSONS LEaRNED

Throughout the six years o UNMITs mandate, UN Police implemented a series o original projects which canserve as best practices or other missions and settings. DPKO colleagues rom both the Police Division and the

Division o Police Evaluation and Training (DPET) have studied these eorts, with the goal o documentingprocesses and replicating their success.

Joint eorts or PNTL resmption o police responsibilitiesSecuring government buy-in during the preparation or and handover o primary policing responsibilities wascritical to the eective implementation o a reconstituted PNTL. A high-level committee brought together theTimorese Government, mission leadership and the PNTL to discuss issues o mutual concern. Working togetherand holding multiple consultations to establish assessment parameters, indicators and systems built trust andensured that local authorities accepted a gradual process and approach. Assessment outcomes were translatedinto action plans or addressing identied needs and gaps. These action plans were later used to establish thedistrict and unit work plans o the Joint Development Plan (JDP).

Cpcit bilding throgh Joint Development PlnEngaging the PNTL as an equal partner also ensured the smooth and ecient implementation o the JointDevelopment Plan (JDP), which provided a ramework or all capacity-building activities and priority areas.From conception to implementation, the PNTL played an active role, as demonstrated by the equal involve-ment o both the UN Police Commissioner (PC) and the PNTL General Commander (GC) in every step o thedeveloping the JDP. The JDP also oers an example o how control mechanisms driven by unit chies andsta, but overseen by senior management help maintain ocus while reducing sta turnover and mitigat-ing internal conficts.

Joint ssessments or the certifction o llreconstitted PNTLAssessments perormed by a joint PNTL/UNPOL team ensured a transparent process and led to credible, trustedreports that outlined various recommendations or achieving progress in PNTL units and districts. Site visits toevery district proved invaluable, as they provided an opportunity or personal meetings with district commandersand department heads. The inormation gathered rom these visits provided not only a detailed, real-time accounto each location, but also a snapshot o the human side to any remaining challenges or obstacles.

use o long-term, committed civilin police epertsCapacity building requires a targeted, specic and long-term commitment rom key personnel to ensure conti-nuity, consistency and coherence. Highly qualied experts with specialized skills can add much-needed valueto the work o UNPOL national contingent seconded ocers who oten serve short-term rotations. A DPKO teamevaluated this new practice and recommended that it be replicated in other missions where UNPOL is buildingthe capacity o national police services.

a strctred, sstinble pproch to triningFinally, the development o training ocal points or training coordinators at the unit and district level ensuresthe decentralization o basic and reresher training, thus allowing or wider reach and more fexible responses tobasic training needs. This approach also allowed the PNTL Training Centre to ocus on advanced and specializedcourses, a considerable advantage due to limited space, resources and capacities.

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10TH EDITION | 23

The inormation gathered rom these visits provided

not only a detailed, real-time account o each location,

but also a snapshot o the human side to

any remaining challenges or obstacles.

UN and Timorese Police Patrol Dili Market. (UN Photo/Martine Perret)

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FuTuRE FOCuS aND CHaLLENGES BuILDING RELaTIONSHIPS FORSuSTaINED COLLaBORaTION

Though UNMIT may have ended, the work that has been begun by UNPOL and the PNTL has not. Sustainingchange, achieved results and institutional development beyond the lie o a particular mission is an extremelydicult challenge during any transition period. However, UNMIT police and their host-State counterparts havetaken proactive steps to help mitigate potential setbacks ollowing the departure o the UN.

Friends o the PNTLTo assist in streamlining continued bilateral and multilateral support, UNPOL supported the PNTL in establish-ing the Friends o PNTL initiative, which will help mobilize much-needed resources. UNMIT dedicated civilianpolice experts or donor coordination and project management, who played key roles in streamlining the coor-dination processes that will bring together the PNTL and its bilateral partners. This initiatives main objective

is that it becomes an institutionalized orum where the PNTL and its supporters can convene, improve com-munication and exchange inormation, all with the goal o increasing the eciency o support mechanisms orpolicing in Timor-Leste.

Orgniing bilterl spportA number o bilateral donors already support the PNTL,including Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Portugaland the United States. These donors have indicated theirreadiness not only to continue this support but to in-crease it as the UN Police presence phases out.

For example, through its Timor-Leste Police Develop-ment Programme, Australia has entered into a bilateralagreement that supports a number o key areas, includ-ing investigation, management, inrastructure develop-ment and leadership. New Zealand has likewise partneredwith the Asia Foundation to support community policingwhile Portugal supports the PNTL through its Basic Re-cruit Course aimed at training 250 newly recruited o-cers. In addition, the United States provides trainingin maritime and border policing and has also expressedinterest in supporting investigatory training, logisticalsupport, youth engagement, strengthening disciplinary

procedures and community policing.

Given the strategic partnership between Timor-Leste andIndonesia, Indonesias bilateral assistance to PNTL islikely to continue beyond 2012. Other bilateral partnershave indicated potential interest in various capacity de-velopment projects, as well.

UN Photo / Martine Perret

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10TH EDITION | 25

Finally, a number o UN agencies, unds and programmes are also providing capacity building training. The Unit-ed Nations Population Fund, UN Women, UNICEF and the International Organization or Migration may continueoering periodic courses on human rights, gender-based violence, investigations and counter-tracking. Inaddition to its larger projects in this area, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has also unded

a radio communication project and, as part o its Justice System Programme, been assisting in the developmento the PNTL Investigation Management System.

Looking to the treThree critical areas also require urther support: inormation technology, human resources and acilities. Stream-lining administrative unctions will require IT analysis, development and systems maintenance. Support oroperations in human resources, logistics and acilities maintenance will also require coordination among utureand potential donors. On the policy side, much work remains in developing and passing new legislation relat-ing to policing, saety and security. Continued legal advice, review and drating will be necessary to continueimprovements in the Timorese police and justice sectors. Finally, strengthening reporting and implementationmechanisms will serve to improve both PNTL discipline and consistency o disciplinary actions.

The goal o the Friends o the PNTL is to identiy specic areas o improvement and match those needs withpotential donors and supporters. With the guidance and expertise provided by UNMIT Police, the PNTL is nowable to take ownership over its own development activities, and has already begun leading the process o plan-ning, organizing and coordinating the programmes and projects supported by donor states and organizations.

Malaysianpoliceocerssaygoodbyeastheyboardtheirreturnfighth

omeinDili.

(UNPhoto/Bernardino

Soares)

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TIMOR-LESTE aS TEST BED:PILOTING THE CIVILIaN POLICEExPERTS MODEL

Following the internal crisis that shook Timor-Leste in April and May 2006, UNMIT Police initially held responsi-bility or policing. By late 2009, however, a more stable and secure environment had emerged, and the NationalPolice o Timor-Leste (PNTL) began to assume a greater role within the operational theatre. This was accom-panied by a necessary change in the unctional role o UNPOL, with operational activities taking a backseat topolice development and capacity building.

As this new role evolved, a number o gaps became apparent in some areas that required specic expertise,which were absent within the predominantly operationally-ocused workorce. This specialized expertise, ur-thermore, proved dicult to acquire through the standard UN Police recruitment process.

With this in mind, UNMITs Special Representative o the Secretary-General, along with the Police Commis-sioner, envisioned a strategy to address these specic knowledge gaps through the recruitment o civilianpolice experts. Working closely with both PNTL senior management and members o the government, the groupidentied key areas needing additional expert support. In all, 19 positions were created. UN Police Divisionheadquarters provided critical, hands-on support during the assessment and recruitment procedures, whichincluded an international process, as well as a call to all police-contributing countries or nominations. A mixo well-qualied civilian and seconded police ocers began work began in early 2011.

AssistantSecreta

ry-GeneralDmitryTitovdiscussingpolicingandbordermanagement.

(UNPhoto/Marti

nePerret)

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10TH EDITION | 27

a ide rnge o spportThis support covered all acets o policing activity, rom operational units (such as maritime, orensics andvulnerable persons) to administrative groups (such as human resources, database management and procure-ment) and nally to cross-cutting organizational support (such as legal, human rights, project managementand donor coordination).

The civilian police experts were successul in addressing pivotal mission needs, increased continuity and, as aresult, greater credibility. Most o the civilian experts worked alongside PNTL counterparts to provide direction

and mentorship. The Joint Development Plan (JDP) that the PNTL and UNMIT police agreed upon guided theirwork and identied clear priorities or the way orward. Building on the work o other UN Police mentors, thecivilian experts ocused on highly targeted activities and brought the PNTL more strategic direction. This en-abled the PNTL to look towards a uture beyond UN support and allowed UNPOL to stage a managed exit romthe mission.

The need or sustainability has underpinned the work o the civilian experts, who ocused on transerring skillsand knowledge to their PNTL colleagues and leaving behind concrete tools to acilitate their daily work. Forexample, civilian police experts helped the PNTL establish a rearms registry, create a number o operationaldatabases, develop media services and PNTL website and set up a orensics lab and training curriculum. For allo these activities, the goal o this model was to ensure ongoing capacity development within the PNTL itsel,so that the police service would have in-house experts who could sustain these eorts ollowing the departure

o the UNMIT Police.

a model or sccessSuch was the immediate impact o the civilian experts model that it has already been replicated in other mis-sions, though adapted using lessons learned rom the initial pilot. The only criticism o this model was thatthe civilian police experts should have been part o the police reorm and capacity-building eorts rom theoutset o the mission. In the uture, thereore, new missions should consider including civilian experts even inthe early planning stages o operations.

MaritimepatrolinDili

.(UNPhoto/MartinePerret)

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a yEaR IN REVIEw: uN POLICE IN 2012

10 Jnr assessment o Individl Police Ofcers or Service in united NtionsPecekeeping Opertions nd Specil Politicl Missions

The Police Division developed a new Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) or selection and recruitment, in con-sultation with Member States and eld missions, to assist DPKO and Member States to meet the challenges orecruiting qualied candidates to serve as UN individual police ocers. The new SOP also takes into accountnew standards or assessing police ocers to better refect mission realities. Now in eect, the Standard Oper-ating Procedure, Assessment o Individual Police Ocers or Service in United Nations Peacekeeping Operationsand Special Political Missions has been shared with Police Contributing Countries and eld operations.

21 24 Febrr 7th annl Heds o Police Components Conerence

Police Commissioners rom eld missions around the world gathered at UN Headquarters in New York or the7th Annual Heads o Police Components Conerence, which eatured a special ocus on gender mainstreaming.

12 23 Mrch Sel nd Gender-Bsed Violence (SGBV) Crriclm

UN Police trainers held two courses, in English and French, on preventing and investigating gender-basedviolence or UN and host-state police ocers in Entebbe, Uganda. 43 ocers rom 19 countries were certiedthrough these two courses.

30 april 4 M First Trining Corse or Police Plnners

The Police Division delivered its rst training course or police planners based on the Integrated Mission Plan-ning Process (IMPP). 12 police planners and mission managers, including colleagues rom headquarters and theStanding Police Capacity (SPC), participated in this newly developed, scenario-based training, which taughtparticipants how to plan or police activities in integrated missions.

HeadsoPoliceComponentsgatheratUNHeadquarters

inNewYorkCity.(UNPhoto)

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10TH EDITION | 29

11 15 Jne Strtegic Gidnce Frmeork First Regionl Meeting

The rst regional meeting on the Strategic Guidance Framework (SGF) or international police peacekeeping washeld in Jakarta, Indonesia. This consultation provided the opportunity or Member States to weigh in on thedevelopment o the SGF, which will harmonize police peacekeeping across all UN missions. Participants rom17 Member States attended this meeting, which was co-hosted by Australia and Indonesia.

1 Jl uNSMIL Estblishes the Secrit Sector advisor nd Coordintion Division

UNSMIL established the Security Sector Advisory and Coordination Division, which includes the missions policecomponent. The UN Police component in UNSMIL provides ongoing advice and assistance to the Ministry oInterior on police matters, including strengthening the capacity o police departments, mobilizing and coor-dinating international support to the Libyan police, assisting in the integration eorts o revolutionaries intothe police service and contributing to a sae and secure electoral process.

9 agst assessment o Opertionl Cpbilit o Formed Police units or Servicein united Ntions Pecekeeping Opertion

The Police Division developed a Formed Police Unit Assessment Team (FPAT) Standard Operating Procedure(SOP) to enhance the selection and deployment o FPUs to peacekeeping operations. The new SOP outlines clearand coherent assessment procedures and provides instructions on how to assess FPUs based on operationalcapability. It also provides guidance and assistance to Member States in their pre-selection procedures.

31 agst Hitin Ntionl Police Development Pln 2012 2016

MINUSTAH Police and the Police Nationale dHaiti (HNP) senior leadership collaboratively nalized the HNP De-velopment Plan 2012 2016. This new plan outlines the signicant augmentation o HNP strength and placesa special emphasis on increased training and development o HNP mid-level management. On 31 August theConseil Suprieur de la Police Nationale (CSPN) ratied the plan in the presence o several donor representa-tives and MINUSTAH.

1 November uNPOL ceses opertions in Timor-Leste

The Prime Minister and Acting Special Representative o the Secretary-General certied the National Police oTimor-Leste (PNTL), ollowing a joint assessment by the PNTL and UNPOL, on 31 October 2012. All UNPOL peace-keepers withdrew rom Timor-Leste, and UNMIT successully completed mission drawdown by 31 December 2012.

Graduationcerem

onyorocersotheLibyanNationalPolice.

(UNPhoto/Iaso

nFoounten)

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UPDATE ONThE gLObAL

EffORT

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2012 HIGHLIGHTS FROMTHE GLOBaL EFFORT

Female ocers bring a number o advantages to a police service. They can help improve police responses toviolence against women, and research has shown they resort less oten to using orce in police-citizen encoun-ters.1 As the Global Eort to increase emale representation reaches its ourth year, the Police Division hasstepped up its eorts towards nding and recruiting the best emale police ocers the proession has to oer.

Femle police cross the globeOn 13 December 2012, the Police Adviser Ann-Marie Orler travelled to Jakarta to meet with the IndonesianNational Police. Her successul visit culminated in an agreement to host an all-emale Selection, Assessmentand Assistance Team (SAAT), which will give more opportunity or Indonesian emale police ocers to deployto UN peacekeeping operations. While there, she also met with more than a hundred emale police ocers romregions across the country. Standing beore a packed room, she laid out in simple terms why women in peace-keeping are so critical: Police peacekeeping with a emale ace oers new ways o bringing about eective

change on the ground. Female police peacekeepers generate trust and condence in reorming and reconstruct-ing the national police. They help bring to the oreront the problems and solutions specic to women in thecommunities they serve. As role models, emale police peacekeepers empower the emale population to reportcases o sexual and gender-based violence as well as inspiring many to become police ocers themselves.

Femalepoliceocersrom

aroundtheworldgatheratthe2012InternationalAssociationo

WomenPolice(IAWP)Con

erence.(UNPhoto)


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10TH EDITION | 33

In 2012, Commissioner Orler made similar visits to Rwanda, Bangladesh, and Germany to boost the GlobalEort. In the upcoming year, the Police Division will also launch the website or the UN International Net-work o Female Police. This initiative, set to go live next summer, will create a virtual space or emale policepeacekeepers to interact with each other, increase their knowledge and skills, raise awareness about women inpolicing and build a community o practice.

an mbitios golYet, challenges still remain. The goal o 20% emale representation in police peacekeeping by 2014 is decidedly but also, purposeully ambitious. Simply put, the advantages gained by increasing emale representation

make this goal not just desirable, but mission-critical. To build a more eective service, the UN must attracta diverse, representative corps o police ocers. However, as the scores o career emale police ocers whoshowed up in Jakarta can attest to, the willingness is there. Our task now is to capitalize on that interest andcreate the strongest, most trusted police service possible.

women in Policing Throgh the yers

In 1908, the Portland, Oregon (USA) Police Bureau orms a division known as the Womens ProtectionDivision and hires its rst emale police ocer.In 1985, Portland Police Bureau swears in the rstwoman Chie o Police, Penny Harrington, in a major city.

In 1914, the Metropolitan Police (UK) establishes the Women Police Service. Mrs. Edith Smith becomes

the rst emale police ocer in Britain with ull powers o arrest in the ollowing year.

The Indian Police Service hires its rst emale ocer in 1972. India deploys the rst all-emale FormedPolice Unit, sent to UNMIL in Liberia, in 2007.

In October 2012, the Somali Police Academy begins accepting emale recruits or the rst time intwenty years.

In November 2012, French police chie Mireille Ballestrazzi becomes the rst emale president o INTERPOL.

1 Schuck, Amie and Cara Rabe-Hemp. Women Police: The Use o Force by and Against Female Ocers.

Women and Criminal Justice, 16.4 (2003), 91-117.

UNAMIDIndonesianPoliceLt.Col.YuliCahyanti.

(UNPhoto/AlbertGo

nzalezFarran)

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CaNaDIaN PREMIERKaTHy DuNDERDaLESuPPORTS GLOBaL EFFORT

From 9 to 13 September, a United Nations delegation with 33 participants attendedthe 50th International Association o Women Police (IAWP) annual training coner-ence in St. Johns, Canada. At this conerence, Police Adviser Ann-Marie Orler met withthe Honourable Kathy Dunderdale, Premier o Newoundland and Labrador (Canada),and invited her to become an honorary member o the UN International Network oFemale Police Peacekeepers. To accept this membership, Premier Dunderale has issuedthe ollowing message o support or all emale police ofcers.

I am deeply moved by the breadth and depth o contributions made by policeocers and the magnitude o the impact you have on communities and people,everyday.I wholeheartedly agree with UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon, who stated, Equal-ity or women and girls is not only a basic human right, it is a social and economicimperative. Where women are educated and empowered, economies are more pro-ductive and strong. Where women are ully represented, societies are more peaceuland stable. Women in policing and peace operations understand, undamentally,the benets to all o society when women are empowered.The increasing role o women in leadership positions in police and justice serviceshas a broad impact on women throughout society and allows or new and moreappropriate responses in situations o victimization, violence and abuse. You areworking in a eld that has been traditionally dominated by men, but you are parto the change towards gender equity in policing.

I take particular pride in the work the Government o Newoundland and Labradoris doing to address historical disadvantages or women. We are working to increasewomen in leadership roles and business, as well as taking steps to advance women intrades, and other non-traditional occupations such as policing, justice and corrections.Historically, in this province, a career in policing was not an option or women. TheRoyal Newoundland Constabulary has the deepest roots o any police orce in NorthAmerica, dating back to 1729. However, it was not until 1980 that the rst womenwere sworn in as constables.

Thirty-two years later, though, many things have changed. Now, the RNC and theRCMP both actively recruit women into their orces in order to refect the communi-ties they serve. Since 2004, the number o emale RNC ocers has increased romsix per cent to 21 per cent.It is my honour and privilege to show my support or the work o women in policing.The strides you have made have helped pave the way to encourage young womenand girls to pursue this as a career choice. In addition, your achievements havehelped advance the status o women worldwide.

The Honourable Kathy Dunderdale. Photocourtesy o the Government o New-

oundland and Labrador Canada

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ONE-ON-ONE wITHREzI DaNISMEND

UNPOL Ocer Rezi Danismend rom Turkey,currently deployed to the UN Mission inLiberia (UNMIL), received the 2012 Inter-national Female Police Peacekeeper awardat the 50th International Association oWomen Police Annual Training Conerenceheld in St. Johns, Canada in September2012. As team leader, Ocer Danismendplayed a critical role the establishmento the rst Liberian Transnational CrimeUnit (TCU). This initiative is part o themulti-agency West Arican Coast Initiative

(WACI) aimed at supporting the ECOWASAction Plan to counter drug trackingand organized crime in the region. She re-cently sat down with UN Police Magazineto discuss her award, as well as her distin-guished career as a police ocer.

Yu hav m plic rvic in yuramily. D yu mind tlling u abuthw that hlpd yu t ch plicinga a prin?

My ather was a police pilot. Unortunate-ly, he died on duty when I was six yearsold. He was always my hero and I had aninterest in policing because I was in it, inone way, all my lie. Being a police ocerwas a way to help people to ght againstwhat is unair in the world.

Yuv rvd with th UN bth at UN-HCR and nw at UNMIL. What drw yut packping in a UN Miin?

Beore I joined the UN, I always wanted

to work in a humanitarian capacity to beable to help people, especially those whohave suered rom confict and were vul-nerable because o a lack o ood, peace,a strong government to protect them, andso on.

I had the chance to work or a short pe-riod o time with UNHCR. My job included

(continues on page 38)

UNPhoto

10TH EDITION | 35

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ActuAl / Authorized / FemAle deployment oF un police in peAcekeeping missions (december 201

MINURSO

Western Sahara

6 / 6 / 0

MINUSTAH

Haiti

2,691 / 3,241 / 270

UNMIL

Liberia

1,315 / 1,375 /182

UNOCI

Cte dIvoire

1,475 / 1,555 / 43

MONUSCO

D. R. Congo

1,412 / 1,441 / 145

(FPU)

(FPU)(FPU)

(FPU)

UNMISS

South Sudan

530 / 900 / 94

UNISFA

Abyei

5 / 50 / 1

UNMIK

Kosovo

8 / 8 / 1

UNFICYP

Cyprus

65 / 69 / 11

UNAMA*

Afghanistan

5 / 8 / 3

UNMIT

Timor-Leste

89 / 1,608 / 7

UNAMID

Darfur (Sudan)

5,066 / 6,152 / 510

TOTAL UN POLICE

12,698/ 16,461 / 1,267

(FPU) includes Formed Police Un

(FPU)

(FPU)

Note: More than 30 UN Police are in U(Somalia) and the integrated UN mi

BNUB (Burundi), BINUCA (Central A

Republic), UNIOGBIS (Guinea-Bissau), U

(Iraq) and UNIPSIL (Sierra Leone). The

missions are administered by the U

Nations Department of Political Affairs

* UNAMA is a political miss

administered by the Dep

ment of Peacekeeping Op

tions (DPKO).

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attending to interviews o emale reugees who had fed to Turkey seeking sae haven rom confict. I listenedto heartbreaking stories, rom people who had no choice but to leave behind amilies, children, and riends,not to mention almost always all o their possessions.

It was during these times that I learned rsthand that, so very oten, the most vulnerable people in confictsare the women and children. It was because o this experience that I decided I would do whatever I could in

order to help those in need; it was at this time that I made up my mind to apply or a UN Mission, to do mypart to help other people anywhere in the world who were acing similar situations.

What accmplihmnt ar yu mt prud inc jining UNMIL?

When we rst started the WACI (West Arican Coast Initiative) project, it was a completely new experience orme and or UNMIL. While I knew about policing, investigation, report writing and intelligence gathering, I hadno clue about project management or establishing a new Transnational Crimes Unit (TCU). I was araid that Icouldnt be successul at all. So I can say that one o the accomplishments I am most proud o is overcomingmy ears and becoming able to establish a new unit. I remember the rst week when the TCU was establishedand ocers rom 5 dierent agencies were seconded. There was an awkward silence in the room. Everyone washesitant and they didnt want to be the rst one to start speaking.

But we had a big task ahead o us drating the policy documents. So we had to print out policy documents odierent agencies in order to gather ideas and strategies. For days we discussed, brainstormed, and had severalworkshops. The more we worked together, the more the group gained condence and an eagerness to sharetheir experiences, knowledge and ideas. The ocers coming rom dierent agencies became a team and theycreated a link between TCU and other agencies as well.

We had many awareness meetings, visits and trainings with dierent law enorcement agencies, ministries andauthorities. This achievement increased the co-operation with dierent parties.

Now I know that, even ater I end my mission, TCU and Interpol will continue to unction well and become oneo the best tool to ght against drug tracking, human tracking and all organized crimes.

Yu hav bn intrumntal in tablihing th Trannatinal Crim Unit. What challng hav yu hadt vrcm in crating th TCU?

The TCU, being a multi-agent unit, was a new concept. There was a lack o cooperation between the dierentlaw enorcement agencies involved. The most dicult task was to bring ve dierent agencies with dierentexperiences, knowledge and backgrounds under one umbrella and make them work together. It was not easy.The team had to build riendship and trust among themselves. But once they realized the importance o theunit and gained condence in each other, they enjoyed working together. They learned and are still learning agreat deal rom each other.

We also had budgetary constraints, long and complicated policies and bureaucracy that were slowing us down.

O course when you establish a new unit, you need oce space, logistics, trainings, a budget and acceptanceby other agencies. Even though there is a long way orward, we managed to overcome many obstacles withstrong motivation.

A many packpr cm t rali quickly, ucc in wrking in th fld tn dpnd n tab-lihing lcal wnrhip. Hw did yu and yur cllagu try t ncurag that whil wrking withyur ht-cuntry cuntrpart?

I believe it is about giving the right messages, motivation and insight. Once people believe in themselves, achievesomething and start eeling successul, then they want to do more. Also you have to show your host-State coun-

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10TH EDITION | 39

terparts that you, a oreigner, someone rom anotherpart o the world, are really trying to help them and doyour best. I you make them believe in you and yourhonesty, then they will trust and work with you. Youhave to become a team, working hard side by side. Thiskind o relationship will make your counterparts realize

that what we are doing is or their country, or a betteruture or themselves and or their children.I would also want to add that no one likes to be unsuc-cessul. There will be times you will be rustrated andconronted with big challenges. I you lose hope andyour team knows it, they will not have the courage tocontinue. You have to be strong, willing, and trustingo yoursel, so they will trust themselves.

So day by day, even with small successes the TCU stawere more encouraged and cared or the unit as theirown. They worked hard, tried to overcome the chal-lenges together and even showed us the path how to

move orward.

What lating impact d yu think yuv bn ablt accmplih thrugh yur tim in Libria?

I would say that all the awareness we created related toINTERPOL and the Transnational Crimes Unit will havea lasting impact. Now, almost all o the national lawenorcement agencies, ministries, and other partners

Just be open-

minded. Insteado being strict, you

should learn how

to bend. You have

to keep in mind

that we are guests

in another country,

which has

suered much

rom confict.

OcerReziDanismendacceptsheraward.(UNPhoto)

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are aware o the importance o thesetwo units. We visited nearly all o thepolice stations in Monrovia and raisedawareness among new recruits andother agents in dierent elds. Soour partners know when and how to

contact INTERPOL and TCU. We havealso created a link between Liberiaand neighbouring countries. There isan increase in collaboration, whichis evident by the inormation beingshared and the cases transmitted. So,I truly believe this cooperation willincrease more and more each day. Ad-ditionally, all the trainings TCU andINTERPOL sta received will be help-ul or the rest o their work lie.

Yu huld b quit prud whatyu hav bn abl t achiv withUNMIL. Hw ha that xprincchangd yur li bth prnallyand prinally?Personally I gained more sel-con-dence. Now I know that, with theright attitude and willingness, youcan achieve anything. This experienceshowed me, my riends, and other e-male peacekeepers that nothing is

done in vain. Your hard work will berecognized and appreciated by others.Also, the satisaction o being able toachieve something makes you orget allthe diculties and hard times you hadto ace.

Besides making mysel, my amily, mypolice organization, my country andUNMIL proud, the International Fe-male Police Peacekeeper Award led meto meet new people, learn more, and

exchange knowledge. I have been ableto make riends and colleagues romall over the world.

The reason why I joined a UN mis-sion was to bring my help and eortsto those in need. I am personally ex-tremely proud that I proved to bothmysel and my police organizationthat I have done my best.

UN Photo / Emmanuel Tobey

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10TH EDITION | 41

What kill and inight, acquird rm yur tim a a packpr, will yu bring back t th Turkih NatinalPlic?

I can honestly say that, as a peacekeeper, I have learned dierent policing regulations, new strategies to approachproblems and obstacles, and ways to overcome challenges. I have also learned how to work with people rom dier-ent cultures and backgrounds, including those who have suered or years during confict and, as such, are sensitive

and vulnerable. This experience will help me back in my police job, especially when dealing with both victims ocrime and oenders.

In addition, I have learned about how eld missions work their structure, core values, reporting systems, ways toco-locate, collaboration with dierent departments, etc. Based on the experience I gained, I can brie my colleaguesback in Turkey, especially my ellow emale ocers, and encourage them to apply or missions.

D yu hav any advic yu wuld lik t har with thr wmn plic wh may b intrtd in rving aa packpr?

I can honestly say that this is a wonderul experience that they will never orget. Besides being helpul to bringpeace and security, they will also learn about dierent countries, cultures, policies, people and themselves.

My advice would be, Just be open-minded. Instead o being strict, you should learn how to bend. You have to keepin mind that we are guests in another country, which has suered much rom confict. The communities where we serve

have specic localized issues, such as lack o logistics, nancial constraints and personal struggles oten related tothe side eects o coming through a long war. So the people you will be working with will still be trying to heal thosewounds. Be respectul, understanding, caring and try to do your best to help them. Make a dierence in their liveseven i it is through something seemingly small. From time to time, you have to put yoursel into their shoes, and askyoursel How would I behave? How would I act? O course there will be times when you will get rustrated. Just stepback a little, rest, nd other solutions and try to see your problems rom a dierent perspective.

In my experiences, I have learned that police women are colorul, kind, emotional and understanding; but they arealso as courageous and strong as our male police colleagues. Both sexes are equally important or success. It is aproession o unity. But when you are working with UN, you will nd that sometimes it is even easier or women tocommunicate with the host country citizens, who are vulnerable and perhaps more comortable and open when theyare talking or working with emale peacekeepers.

A yu hav aid br, jining a UN Miin, which rquir laving yur amily and hm cuntry, takcurag and trngth. What hav yu gaind rm packping that ha mad that acrifc wrth making?

I have gained such a strong eeling o satisaction, increased sel-condence, knowledge o things which you cannotpossibly learn outside o experiencing a mission and the satisaction o being useul and making even small, positivechanges in peoples lives. But, also, I would never have had the opportunity to make riends and colleagues rom allover the world i I didnt come to the mission. There are countless gains. I can honestly say that it was one o thebest decisions I have ever made in my lie to apply or a mission. This was my rst mission, but I am quite sure itwill not be the last.

Police women are colorul, kind, emotional and

understanding; but they are also as courageous

and strong as our male police colleagues.

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uNOCI wELCOMES RwaNDESEFEMaLE POLICE CONTINGENT

For the rst time since its deployment, the United Nations Operation in Cte dIvoire (UNOCI) has received acontingent o 15 emale police ocers rom Rwanda. They will be part o the rst Formed Police Unit (FPU) todeploy in UNOCI since the missions establishment in 2004.

a niqe perspectiveChie Inspector Libereta Mukugussana, who is in charge o the contingent, gives two reasons or the Rwandanocers presence in the UN Mission.

The rst, she explained, is because Rwanda, which suered a human tragedy in April 1994, wants to participatein the United Nations eorts to help the people o Cte dIvoire, which split into internal confict in 2002, toreconcile. Second, as Rwandan women have lived through a confict in their own country, these police ocershave the necessary experience to help women and children, who are generally the rst victims o any crisis.

Whenever there is confict the women and children are the rst victims. So women should work to bring aboutpeace. They should be the vectors o peace. This is the role we hope to play in this mission, said Chie Inspec-tor Mukugussana.

Preventing violence ginst omenAccording to Mukugussana, who has 36 years in the police and gendarmerie in her country and is a specialist in theght against gender-based violence, Rwanda has decided to integrate more women in its orces o law and order.

UNPho

to


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10TH EDITION | 43

I have 15 women under my command. This should not be surprising because Rwanda encourages increasedintegration o women in its police and gendarmerie, she added.

Inspector Mukamama Belline likewise explained, Rwanda quickly understood that to put an end to violenceagainst women, it had to create a police component made up mainly o women, so can they empathize withvictims. This was done in 2000, she explained.

The police component does not only bring perpetrators to justice, it also carries out sensitization activitiesamong the population with the aim o eliminating violence against women and children once and or all. Theexistence o this police component has made it easier or victims to complain and to denounce the perpetratorso violence against women and children, she added.

Role models or Cte dIvoireInspectors Mukugussana and Belline expressed the hope that Cte dIvoire can benet rom the Rwanda experi-ence through their presence in UNOCI.

For her part, the coordinator or UN Police gender ocal points, Ocer Anouk St-Onge welcomes the arrival othe women police ocers rom Rwanda. Up until now women police ocers are under-represented in UNOCI.The presence o these women police ocers in the mission is very important, especially in areas where womenneed role models. Im very proud to have this contingent here with us, she said.

It should be noted that UNOCI now has 484 police ocers, including 45 women with the arrival o the 15 newemale ocers rom Rwanda.

Bangladesh

Rwanda

India

SierraLeone

196

138

114

75

7159

4839

33 32

Cameroon

Nepal

UnitedRepublic

ofTanzania

200

160

120

80

40

t t cbs Fm un p ofs dmb 2012

Ghana

BurkinaFaso

Nigeria

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MINuSTaH RELEaSES aCTION PLaNFOR GENDER ISSuES

In 2012, MINUSTAH created a Womens Committee or Formed Police Unit and UNPOL ocers, which providesa critical network o support to emale police peacekeepers in the eld. Recently, the committee worked withMINUSTAH Police leadership to release a Police Action Plan Regarding Gender Issues, which outlines strategicobjectives to increase the numbers o emale police ocers deployed to Haiti and provides concrete actionsteps to achieve that goal.

More than two hundred emale ocers are currently working in the police component o MINUSTAH, mostlythrough the Bangladesh Formed Police Unit (106 emales) and as UN Police ocers (161 emales). This rep-resents 9.5 per cent o total MINUSTAH Police personnel. The actions o the Womens Committee have directlyhelped to empower and support emale police peacekeepers. For example, rom July 2011 to October 2012, thenumber o women in UNPOL key leadership positions has increased rom six to 12.

From July 2011 to October 2012, the number o

women in UNPOL key leadership positions

has increased rom six to 12.

MINUSTA

HcheckpointintheCroixdesBouquetsareaoPort-au-Prince.(UNPhoto/VictoriaHazou)44 | UN POLICE MAGAZINE

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10TH EDITION | 45

Strtegic objectivesTo increase these numbers even urther, MINUSTAHs Action Plan has identied six strategic objectives, whichinclude: developing a gender ramework, increasing the expertise o emale ocers, encouraging women to joinleadership positions, promoting the well-being o emale UNPOL and FPU ocers within MINUSTAH, establish-ing a database to collect inormation on gender issues and evaluating gender mainstreaming progress.

action stepsThis Action Plan pairs each o these objectives with specic action steps to ensure achievement o its overallgoal. Some examples include: incorporating gender mainstreaming in the selection process or leadership posi-tions, organizing networking activities or emale UNPOL and FPU ocers and establishing training programmesspecically designed to meet emale ocers needs.

The UNPOL Chie o Sta has already included in her weekly agenda time to receive any emale UNPOL ocerwho needs to address issues or diculties that arise. These meetings have proved to be greatly appreciated,as they have helped address problems which were dicult to address through the normal chain o command,due to their sensitive nature. In the uture, the diculties aced by emale police ocers will be reduced whenwomen are no longer a minority. Until that time, however, taking steps like the MINUSTAH Police Action Plan

Regarding Gender Issues will help ensure that the emale ocers who answer the call to serve are adequatelyprovided or in mission.

The Police Division has undertaken some innovative steps to increase the participation o women inpolice peacekeeping:

We have conducted seven regional train-the-trainer courses on preventing and investigating sex-ual and gender-based violence in post-confict environments. This has resulted to 146 certiedpolice trainers who have subsequently trained a total o 6,064 ocers in their home countries andin United Nations peace operations.

We have created an International Female Police Peacekeeper Award in collaboration with theInternational Association o Women Police (IAWP) in 2011. The award recognizes the exceptionalachievements o a emale police peacekeeper who is currently deployed in a UN peace operation.

We have created a United Nations International Network o Female Police Peacekeepers in 2011.We plan to launch an interactive website or the Network in 2013.

We continue to increase awareness about peacekeeping through the participation o a UN delega-tion to the annual IAWP training conerence, which we have participated in since 2009. The UNdelegation is composed o emale UN Police ocers, host-state police representatives and seniorpolice ocers rom Police Contributing Countries.

We oer an all-emale Assessment or Mission Service (AMS) or Member States requesting thedeployment o a UN Selection Assistance and Assessment Team (UN SAAT). The test will be carriedout by a team o emale instructors.

We look orward to organizing a Police Planning Course in which women can be trained and pro-vided the skills required by the United Nations or police planning in eld operations.

We will prioritize the nominations o Formed Police Unit contingents with a minimum o one all-emale platoon.

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THEPOLICEDIVISIONIN AcTION

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SPC CONTRIBuTES TO THE uNITEDNaTIONS STRaTEGIC REVIEwFOR SOMaLIa

Mr. Generaal Maritz Du Toit, Chie o Standing Police Capacity (SPC) travelled to a two-week mission to Nairobiwhere he joined the Headquarters-led Review Mission to develop an integrated strategic approach or all theactivities o the United Nations in Somalia.

The Review Mission, led by the Department o Political Aairs (DPA) and under the general guidance o theSomalia Integrated Task Force (ITF), was the second o the three phases o the overall Somalia Strategic Review.It was convened rom 18 to 30 November in Nairobi, Mogadishu, Hargeisa, Baidoa, Garowe, and Addis Ababa.Members o the ITF, including representatives rom the UN Headquarters and UN Country Team (UNCT), UnitedNations Political Oce or Somalia (UNPOS), United Nations Support Oce or AMISOM (UNSOA), and interna-tional and humanitarian communities have participated in the Review Mission.

Mr. Du Toit participated in meetings with the representatives rom the Government o Somaliland, Putland, theArican Union in Somalia (AU Police), civil society organizations and the business sector. It was a privilegeto have been part o the Review Mission, where key players came together to contribute to an internationalstrategy, Mr. Du Toit stated. Everyone involved, including my colleagues in SPC who also provided ideas andsuggestions, believe that this Mission will encourage stronger commitment rom the Member States to supportthe peacebuilding eorts o the United Nations in Somalia.

In consultation with the Somali Government and regional and international partners, the Review Mission devel-oped an updated strategy and outlined uture priorities and structure o the UN presence in Somalia. Followingthe Istanbul II conerence in June 2012, the options and recommendations drawn rom the Review Missionwere aimed at assisting Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in advising the Security Council on the overall situationand needs in Somalia.

(

g

)

CommissionerMaj.Gen.ShariiMaye(rst

romlet)andtheAMISOM

Police

CommissionerDr.CharlesMakono(second

romlet),duringadiscussiononthe

utureroleotheUNinSomalia.(SPCPho

to)

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10TH EDITION | 49

MEMBER STaTES CONVENE TODISCuSS SuPPORT TO uN POLICE

Policing is an important tool used by the United Nations to promote peace and security. This was re-emphasizedin a recent High-Level Conerence in Berlin. Organized by the Government o Germany and United NationsPolice Division, the event turned into a large and globally representative meeting. Taking place on the bankso the Spree River in the capital o the Federal Republic o Germany, more than 230 participants rom over 100countries discussed police peacekeeping on the 11 and 12 o October.

Right cpcities or ne chllengesThe Conerence, subtitled The Right Capacities or New Challenges, looked at ways that UN Member States canmore eciently support UN policing, what specialized skills are needed in modern police peacekeeping, whatleadership qualities police components require, how police reorm can prevent conficts and what lessons havebeen learned in addressing serious and organized crime.

Mr. Guido Westerwelle, the German Minister o Foreign Aairs opened the conerence by saying, The work oUN Police is a prime example or the promotion o preventive diplomacy. The increasing demand or police inUN peacekeeping underlines the conviction o the international community that civilian elements are at leastas important as military components to achieve long term solutions.

Progress on the Strtegic Gidnce FrmeorkIn a video message, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon stated, UN Police are adapting to meet emerging threats.And they train local ocers so that positive change takes deep root in society. The United Nations is develop-ing a Strategic Guidance Framework or Police Peacekeeping. It will provide a common reerence or interna-tional police peacekeepers. I appreciate the support o Member States. But we need to do more.

Photo courtesy o the Government o Germany

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The Strategic Guidance Framework - the global guide being drated by the United Nations Police Division, todene police peacekeeping - was discussed, as was the need or highly qualied police ocers, highly qualiedemale police ocers and highly qualied, rancophone, emale police ocers.

Your police ocers in UN eld missions are at the oreront o our common struggle to rustrate the eortso terrorists and criminals to establish operational bases or transit hubs in weak or ragile states, appealed

Ann-Marie Orler, the UN Police Adviser who co-moderated the Conerence.

Interntionl prticiptionDeputy Ministers, Director Generals o police services, policing specialists rom Indonesia, Zambia, the UnitedStates and Norway, representatives o the Arican and European Unions and chies rom UNDP, UNODC, INTER-POL and the OSCE made presentations.

Wherever we have succeeded in the wake o a confict in building reliable, unctioning institutions in the areao security and justice - and that explicitly includes civilian-led police organizations - we have also succeededin preventing renewed confict, said the German Federal Minister o the Interior, Dr. Hans-Peter Friedrich.The DPKO Assistant Secretary-General or Rule o Law and Security Institutions, Mr. Dmitry Titov, appealed to

governments to make more highly skilled police proessionals available to participate in UN missions, explain-ing that peacekeeping operations need to strengthen and build rule o law institutions rom the outset tohasten the transition rom peacekeeping to peacebuilding.

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