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UNNExT Workshops on Trade Facilitation
Almaty, Kazakhstan
4-6 May 2015
UNNExT Workshop on Trade Facilitation and Paperless Systems for
Agrifood Products
ESCAP Programme & Assistance on Trade Facilitation
Tengfei Wang
Economic Affairs Officer, Trade Facilitation Unit
Trade & Investment Division, UN ESCAP
UNNExT Workshops on Trade Facilitation
Almaty, 4-6 May 2015
Outline
• Introduction to ESCAP
• Highlighting Regional Arrangement on Facilitating Cross-Border
Paperless Trade
ESCAP-World Bank Trade Costs database
UNNExT & its Trade Facilitation Tools
Trade & Transport Facilitation Monitoring
Global Survey on Trade Facilitation and Paperless Trade Implementation: 2014-2015
Asia-Pacific Trade Facilitation Forum (APTFF)
Introduction to ESCAP • Regional (Asia and the Pacific) Branch of
the United Nations Secretariat
• 53 members and 9 associated members covering Central, South, Southeast, East and South Pacific countries
• Mandate: Promote sustainable and inclusive socio-economic development in Asia and the Pacific ‐ through facilitation of REGIONAL
COOPERATION
• Areas covered: Trade and Investment, Transport, Macroeconomic Policy, Environment, Emerging Social issues, Information and Communication Technologies… ‐ Trade and Investment: (1) Trade
Facilitation; (2) Trade Policy; (3) Investment and Enterprise Development
ESCAP members and associated members
Trade Facilitation?
• There is no universal definition of trade facilitation.
• In its narrowest sense, trade facilitation may be defined as the systematic rationalization of customs procedures and documents.
• In a broader sense, it covers all the measures that affect the movement of goods between buyers and sellers, along the entire international supply chain.
Trade Facilitation? Reducing Trade Transaction Costs
UN ESCAP Trade Facilitation Programme
Legislative
•Enabling paperless trade (Res. 68/3)
•Regional Arrangement on cross-border paperless trade facilitation (Res. 70/6)
Knowledge
• ESCAP-WB Trade Cost Database
• Paperless Trade Guides & Impact analyses
• Global Trade Facilitation & Paperless Trade Implementation Survey
• Trade Process Analysis Database
Capacity Building
• Business Process Analysis • Single Window & Paperless
Trade Implementation • Trade & Transport
Facilitation Monitoring Mechanism
• Agricultural & SME trade facilitation
• (WTO TFA support)
UNNExT*
APTFF*
ARTNeT*
ISG-CBPT*
*Regional Cooperation platforms and mechanisms: ISG-CBPT: Intergovernmental Steering Group on Cross-Border Paperless Trade; UNNExT: United Nations Network of Experts for Paperless Trade and Transport in Asia and the Pacific; ARTNeT: Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade; APTFF: Asia-Pacific Trade Facilitation Forum; ROC-TF: Regional Organizations Cooperation Mechanism for Trade Facilitation
ROC-TF*
Regional Arrangement on the Facilitation of Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific
• On-going negotiations and development – Based on ESCAP RESOLUTION 68/3 on Enabling Paperless Trade
– First intergovernmental meeting on the text held in April 2014
– Intergovernmental Steering Committee established Aug. 2014
– First Meeting of the Interim Intergovernmental Steering Committee on Cross-Border Paperless Trade was held 1-3 April 2015
• The technical and legal working groups have been established to (1) further revise the current draft text of regional arrangement and (2) prepare a draft road map for the implementation of substantive provisions
in the draft text of regional arrangement.
UN ESCAP Trade Facilitation Programme
Legislative
•Enabling paperless trade (Res. 68/3)
•Regional Arrangement on cross-border paperless trade facilitation (Res. 70/6)
Knowledge
• ESCAP-WB Trade Cost Database
• Paperless Trade Guides & Impact analyses
• Global Trade Facilitation & Paperless Trade Implementation Survey
• Trade Process Analysis Database
Capacity Building
• Business Process Analysis • Single Window & Paperless
Trade Implementation • Trade & Transport
Facilitation Monitoring Mechanism
• Agricultural & SME trade facilitation
• (WTO TFA support)
UNNExT*
APTFF*
ARTNeT*
ISG-CBPT*
*Regional Cooperation platforms and mechanisms: ISG-CBPT: Intergovernmental Steering Group on Cross-Border Paperless Trade; UNNExT: United Nations Network of Experts for Paperless Trade and Transport in Asia and the Pacific; ARTNeT: Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade; APTFF: Asia-Pacific Trade Facilitation Forum; ROC-TF: Regional Organizations Cooperation Mechanism for Trade Facilitation
ROC-TF*
ESCAP-World Bank International Trade Cost Database (updated Aug. 2014)
Intra and extra regional comprehensive trade costs in the Asia-Pacific region, excluding tariff costs
Region ASEAN-4 East Asia-3
North and
Central Asia
Developing
Pacific
Islands SAARC-4 AUS-NZL EU-3 USA
ASEAN-4 77.09% 76.77% 386.70% 263.29% 124.44% 98.68% 111.25% 83.61%
(10.10%) (7.73%) (5.58%) (31.28%) (2.24%) (2.38%) (8.49%) (12.98%)
East Asia-3 76.77% 52.06% 219.98% 268.15% 124.38% 91.22% 86.45% 63.16%
(7.73%) (-7.91%) (-10.86%) (36.04%) (1.87%) (-2.27%) (-4.30%) (-0.96%)
North and
Central Asia 386.70% 219.98% 141.06% 307.87% 270.16% 323.44% 165.97% 188.57%
(5.58%) (-10.86%) (-0.13%) (16.59%) (-9.54%) (-4.54%) (-3.01%) (1.81%)
Pacific island
developing
economies 263.29% 268.15% 307.87% 106.85% 342.34% 137.32% 326.77% 227.79%
(31.28%) (36.04%) (16.59%) (-30.62%) (13.25%) (48.36%) (38.12%) (19.20%)
SAARC-4 124.44% 124.38% 270.16% 342.34% 106.82% 144.29% 114.14% 106.80%
(2.24%) (1.87%) (-9.54%) (13.25%) (3.74%) (4.70%) (6.82%) (7.89%)
AUS-NZL 98.68% 91.22% 323.44% 137.32% 144.29% 53.86% 109.91% 96.53%
(2.38%) (-2.27%) (-4.54%) (48.36%) (4.70%) (3.76%) (0.52%) (2.41%)
EU-3 111.25% 86.45% 165.97% 326.77% 114.14% 109.91% 46.04% 67.01%
(8.49%) (-4.30%) (-3.01%) (38.12%) (6.82%) (0.52%) (-0.19%) (0.79%)
USA 83.61% 63.16% 188.57% 227.79% 106.80% 96.53% 67.01%
(12.98%) (-0.96%) (1.81%) (19.20%) (7.89%) (2.41%) (0.79%)
Source: ESCAP-World Bank Trade Cost Database, available at: http://www.unescap.org/tid/artnet/trade-costs.asp
Note: Data for 2066-2011. Trade cost figures may be interpreted as tariff equivalents.
UN ESCAP Trade Facilitation Programme
Legislative
•Enabling paperless trade (Res. 68/3)
•Regional Arrangement on cross-border paperless trade facilitation (Res. 70/6)
Knowledge
• ESCAP-WB Trade Cost Database
• Paperless Trade Guides & Impact analyses
• Global Trade Facilitation & Paperless Trade Implementation Survey
• Trade Process Analysis Database
Capacity Building
• Business Process Analysis • Single Window & Paperless
Trade Implementation • Trade & Transport
Facilitation Monitoring Mechanism
• Agricultural & SME trade facilitation
• (WTO TFA support)
UNNExT*
APTFF*
ARTNeT*
ISG-CBPT*
*Regional Cooperation platforms and mechanisms: ISG-CBPT: Intergovernmental Steering Group on Cross-Border Paperless Trade; UNNExT: United Nations Network of Experts for Paperless Trade and Transport in Asia and the Pacific; ARTNeT: Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade; APTFF: Asia-Pacific Trade Facilitation Forum; ROC-TF: Regional Organizations Cooperation Mechanism for Trade Facilitation
ROC-TF*
• “community of knowledge and practice to facilitate the implementation of single window and paperless trade in the region ”
– Tools and guides development activities
– Advocacy and Technical Training Workshops
– Knowledge sharing and peer-to-peer support
• Secretariat provided by ESCAP, in collaboration with UNECE
web address: unnext.unescap.org
UNNExT Tools
Other Guides – Trade and transport facilitation performance monitoring mechanism: BPA+
– http://www.unescap.org/tid/unnext/tools/bpa+.pdf – Developed in cooperation with ADB
– Forthcoming (2015): • UNNExT Guide on paperless transit • UNNExT Guide on facilitating paperless trade for SMEs
UN ESCAP Trade Facilitation Programme
Legislative
•Enabling paperless trade (Res. 68/3)
•Regional Arrangement on cross-border paperless trade facilitation (Res. 70/6)
Knowledge
• ESCAP-WB Trade Cost Database
• Paperless Trade Guides & Impact analyses
• Global Trade Facilitation & Paperless Trade Implementation Survey
• Trade Process Analysis Database
Capacity Building
• Business Process Analysis • Single Window & Paperless
Trade Implementation • Trade & Transport
Facilitation Monitoring Mechanism
• Agricultural & SME trade facilitation
• (WTO TFA support)
UNNExT*
APTFF*
ARTNeT*
ISG-CBPT*
*Regional Cooperation platforms and mechanisms: ISG-CBPT: Intergovernmental Steering Group on Cross-Border Paperless Trade; UNNExT: United Nations Network of Experts for Paperless Trade and Transport in Asia and the Pacific; ARTNeT: Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade; APTFF: Asia-Pacific Trade Facilitation Forum; ROC-TF: Regional Organizations Cooperation Mechanism for Trade Facilitation
ROC-TF*
• Over 50 product and country specific import and export process cases are included, based on studies conducted since 2009.
• Data typically available for each trade process case, includes – number of steps/procedures
involved, – stakeholders involved, – number and type of
documents, – activity diagrams, – time and cost of the
procedures, as well as – time-procedure chart.
• Enables TF practitioners to
compare procedures across countries as a basis for making improvement
ESCAP Trade Process Analysis Database
Analyzing trade process in Central Asia
• ESCAP and Islamic Development Bank (IDB) have jointly supported business process analysis (BPA) for trade facilitation in selected Central Asian countries:
– Kyrgyzstan to Kazakhstan on processed fruit
– Kazakhstan to Azerbaijan on wheat product
– China to Kyrgyzstan on textile product
UN ESCAP Trade Facilitation Programme
Legislative
•Enabling paperless trade (Res. 68/3)
•Regional Arrangement on cross-border paperless trade facilitation (Res. 70/6)
Knowledge
• ESCAP-WB Trade Cost Database
• Paperless Trade Guides & Impact analyses
• Global Trade Facilitation & Paperless Trade Implementation Survey
• Trade Process Analysis Database
Capacity Building
• Business Process Analysis • Single Window & Paperless
Trade Implementation • Trade & Transport
Facilitation Monitoring Mechanism
• Agricultural & SME trade facilitation
• (WTO TFA support)
UNNExT*
APTFF*
ARTNeT*
ISG-CBPT*
*Regional Cooperation platforms and mechanisms: ISG-CBPT: Intergovernmental Steering Group on Cross-Border Paperless Trade; UNNExT: United Nations Network of Experts for Paperless Trade and Transport in Asia and the Pacific; ARTNeT: Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade; APTFF: Asia-Pacific Trade Facilitation Forum; ROC-TF: Regional Organizations Cooperation Mechanism for Trade Facilitation
ROC-TF*
Integrated Methodology: BPA+ National Human Capacity
Integrated and Sustainable Trade & Transport Facilitation Monitoring Mechanism (TTFMM)
Measure, monitor and assess progress
in trade facilitation
Trade facilitation reform
Implementation
Institutional arrangement
(The executive body such as NTTFC)
Baseline study (BPA+ study)
Formulate, update and prioritize recommendations for
advancing trade facilitation
TTFMM Integrated Methodology: “BPA+” / “TRS+”
Trade-related
procedures
before cargo
movement
Cargo
origin
Border
crossing
point
Border
crossing
point
Cargo
destination
Trade-
related
procedures
after cargo
arrival
TRS TRS
TCD - CPMM
BPA of Trade Procedures
Business Process Analysis (BPA) for diagnosis of TF bottlenecks along entire supply chain
Time-Cost Distance Method (TCD) & Time Release Study (WCO TRS) to Improve/verify BPA time and cost estimates
UN ESCAP Trade Facilitation Programme
Legislative
•Enabling paperless trade (Res. 68/3)
•Regional Arrangement on cross-border paperless trade facilitation (Res. 70/6)
Knowledge
• ESCAP-WB Trade Cost Database
• Paperless Trade Guides & Impact analyses
• Global Trade Facilitation & Paperless Trade Implementation Survey
• Trade Process Analysis Database
Capacity Building
• Business Process Analysis • Single Window & Paperless
Trade Implementation • Trade & Transport
Facilitation Monitoring Mechanism
• Agricultural & SME trade facilitation
• (WTO TFA support)
UNNExT*
APTFF*
ARTNeT*
ISG-CBPT*
*Regional Cooperation platforms and mechanisms: ISG-CBPT: Intergovernmental Steering Group on Cross-Border Paperless Trade; UNNExT: United Nations Network of Experts for Paperless Trade and Transport in Asia and the Pacific; ARTNeT: Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade; APTFF: Asia-Pacific Trade Facilitation Forum; ROC-TF: Regional Organizations Cooperation Mechanism for Trade Facilitation
ROC-TF*
– Objective: to assess the progress made in implementing trade facilitation and paperless trade measures
– Jointly implemented by all 5 UN regional commissions in cooperation with OECD, UNCTAD, ITC and a growing number of (subregional) partners
– Builds on ESCAP Regional Survey 2013/14 • Expert survey with 2-step validation process
– Main components of the survey includes • WTO related trade facilitation measures
• Paperless trade measures
• Key challenges for implementation – http://unnext.unescap.org/tfforum14-survey.asp – Data expected to be available in July 2015
UN ESCAP Trade Facilitation Programme
Legislative
•Enabling paperless trade (Res. 68/3)
•Regional Arrangement on cross-border paperless trade facilitation (Res. 70/6)
Knowledge
• ESCAP-WB Trade Cost Database
• Paperless Trade Guides & Impact analyses
• Global Trade Facilitation & Paperless Trade Implementation Survey
• Trade Process Analysis Database
Capacity Building
• Business Process Analysis • Single Window & Paperless
Trade Implementation • Trade & Transport
Facilitation Monitoring Mechanism
• Agricultural & SME trade facilitation
• (WTO TFA support)
UNNExT*
APTFF*
ARTNeT*
ISG-CBPT*
*Regional Cooperation platforms and mechanisms: ISG-CBPT: Intergovernmental Steering Group on Cross-Border Paperless Trade; UNNExT: United Nations Network of Experts for Paperless Trade and Transport in Asia and the Pacific; ARTNeT: Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade; APTFF: Asia-Pacific Trade Facilitation Forum; ROC-TF: Regional Organizations Cooperation Mechanism for Trade Facilitation
ROC-TF*
Asia-Pacific Trade Facilitation Forum
• APTFF 2009, Bangkok, Thailand, 25-26 November
• APTFF 2010, Kuala Lumpur, 5-6 October
• APTFF 2011, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 4-5 October
• APTFF 2012, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 30-31 October
• APTFF 2013, Beijing, China, 10-11 September
• APTFF 2014, Bangkok, Thailand, 24-25 September
• APTFF 2015, Wuhan, China
26
Thank you
More Information on:
ESCAP Res. 68/3: http://unnext.unescap.org/reso683.asp
United Nations Network of Experts for Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific (UNNExT):
http://unnext.unescap.org/ ESCAP Trade Facilitation programme http://www.unescap.org/our-work/trade-investment/trade-
facilitation