Unix.latest

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Embedded Systems Group IIT DelhiSlide

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Orientation for fresh VDTT Students

Introduction to UNIX

July 28, 2001

Anup Gangwar


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Overview

Prerequisites and goals of this course

Differences between U!" and #indows

$%er%iew of unices

&asic U!" co''ands and utilities

Lunch Break

(ile editors in U!"

Progra''ing and Shell Scri)ting

Docu'ent for'atting using U!" *eferences and further study

Thank You


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Prerequisites and Goas

What you should know

&asic fa'iliarity with co')uters

#or-ing .nowledge of atleast one o)erating syste'

A will to learn What you will know

/his is not a co')lete U!" tutorial

Dont try to learn the whole U!" in one day

ow to do the 'ost co''on set of tas-s with U!"

Selfel) is the best hel)

Pointers for further infor'ation


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Differences! UNIX and "indows

/he U!" and #indows )hiloso)hies

4lientSer%er 'odel of 4o')utation

5ultiUser and 5ulti/as-ing6 7ogin

4once)t of the .ernel and User Shell 4once)t of file ownershi) and grou)s

9U! on U!" and " windows

/i)s:

U!" is the 'ost used $S in scientific and industrial co''unity !nstead of a%oiding U!" ta-e it heads on

7earning U!" now will hel) you sa%e )recious ti'e later on


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Overview of Unices#$

/he original U!"

/he * and &SD

$thers: PU", Solaris, 7inu?,


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Overview of Unices#%

PU"

Processors: P P


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Overview of Unices#&

7inu?C9U Syste's

Processors: !ntel +8A and u), Sun Ultra S)arc, !&5

PowerP4 etc6

>endors: (reeC9U 9P7

5ar-ets: 7ow Bnd Ser%ers and #or-stations

Processors: !&5 Power P4

>endors: !&5 5ar-ets:


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Overview of Unices#'

!*!"

Processors: 5!PS

>endors: S9! ESilicon 9ra)hics !nternationalF

5ar-ets: igh Bnd 9ra)hics Ser%ers and #or-stations

$thers

&e$S, (ree&SD etc6

*/$Ss: PSoS, G", */B5S, */7inu? etc6


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"hat we have

Phili)s >7S! Design 7ab P Ser%er running PU"

Sun #or-station

7inu? #or-stations

>D// 7ab 7inu? #or-stations

#indows / #or-stations

ew >7S! 7ab

Sun #or-stations #indows / #or-stations


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(asic UNIX )o**ands and Utiities#$

(iles and Directories

(ile /y)es: #indows and U!"

(ile and Directory creation EBditors, '-dir, ln etc6F

7isting contents of a directory ElsF (ile and Directory deletion Er'dir, r' etc6F

(ile and Directory )er'issions Ech'odF

(ile and Directory ownershi) Echown, chgr)F

$rganiIing your wor- in directories E'%F

/i)s:

U!" doesnt ha%e a recycle bin@

/ry not to 'a-e the 'ista-e of r' rf co''and


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(asic UNIX )o**ands and Utiities#%

5anaging your account

#hat is 'eant by 'anaging your account

4once)t of setu) files

#hy are there so 'any different Shells

Bn%iron'ent %ariables

6bashrc and 6cshrc files

4usto'iIing your en%iron'ent with 6bashrc and 6cshrc files

B?a')le: /he /B*5 en%iron'ent %ariable and stty /i)s:

/ry an en%iron'ent %ariable on co''andline first


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(asic UNIX )o**ands and Utiities#&

*e'ote )rocess e?ecution #hy do we need re'ote )rocess e?ecution

/elnet and rlogin

*e'ote e?ecution of gra)hics )rogra's

"Security, granting )er'issions and color'a) /he D!SP7


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(asic UNIX )o**ands and Utiities#'

/a-ing )rintouts

4once)t of networ- and local )rinters

Printer languages: Postscri)t and P47

9host>iew and


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(asic UNIX )o**ands and Utiities#+ 5iscellaneous stuff

(orcing a )rocess in bac-ground E=, fg, bgF

Setting aliases

$nline 'anual )ages, man

4once)t of !S and (S

4hanging )assword, passwd (?yppasswd?)

Searching for )atterns, grep and regular expressions

#or-ing with files with s)ecial characters in na'es /he fileutility

finger who andrwho

ps and kill

5ailand 'ail clients, netscape pine emacsand mail

startx !"clients and!xinitrc files

/i)s: !nstead of as-ing so'eone try 'an -

!t is a good )ractice to stic- to one shell Ecsh is a%ailable on allF


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,unch ( ea-


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.ditors in UNIX#$

#hat all is a%ailable, >i, B'acs, Pico, Joe, edit

>i: /he -ing of all editors /utorial

#hy learn %i

9etting in and out

&asic -eys for editing

5o%ing around, deleting, Moining lines

*e)eating co''ands

Search and re)lace

/i)s: >i' is not >i

7earn the -ey)ad scroll -ey co'binations instead of arrow -eys

>i is fast, try to 'a-e the best use of its ca)abilities


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.ditors in UNIX#%

B'acs: 5uch 'ore than an editor

#hy learn B'acs istory, /utorial

9etting in and out

&asic -eys for editing

5o%ing around, deleting a line Search and re)lace

(or'atted te?t, )ostscri)t s)ooling

'ail in e'acs

Synta? highlighting and te')lates

/i)s: B'acs recogniIes 20L languages out of the bo?

B'acs is slow

B'acs is not a%ailable by default on all unices


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.ditors in UNIX#&

Pico: !s there really a need

Pico and Pine

Bditor .eys

Joe, edit

.eys si'ilar to orton Bditor

edit has so'e features si'ilar to B'acs

/i)s:

Dont fall for Pico or edit

7earn >i and B'acs if you really want to get into U!"

!n the end it is a 'atter of choice


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Progra**ing on UNIX#$

!s )rogra''ing on U!" tough #hat all is a%ailable

4once)t of !DB and differences with /urbo4LL

4o')ilers, 7in-ers, Debuggers and frontends

5anaging big )roMects: 'a-e and co')arison with /4)roMect file

B?a')le of a si')le 'a-efile

9U! de%elo)'ent on U!"

Ja%a /i)s:

U!" is a )rogra''ers )aradise


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Progra**ing on UNIX#%

9cc, /he 9U 4C4LL co')iler

Si')lest )ossible way to use: gcc Nfilena'eO

4o''on o)tions

out)ut filena'e: o

co')ile only: c #arnings: #all

o)ti'iIations: $1,2,+,3Q

Debug: g

7in-ing: lNlibraryna'eO

/i)s: ot e%ery U!" syste's will ha%e gcc

/urning on o)ti'iIation 'a-es the co')ilation slow

Debugging and o)ti'iIing donot go together


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Progra**ing on UNIX#&

7d, /he 7in-er

#hat e?actly are libraries

Shared and static libraries

!s there a need to call 7d e?)licitly

Passing o)tions to 7d fro' gcc

/he l o)tion

/he 7 o)tion

/he 7DR7!&*


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Progra**ing on UNIX#'

9db, /he 9U 4C4LL debugger

#hy is a debugger needed

gdb and core (ile

4o''on co''ands

list run, brea-, resu'e

bac-trace and where

/i)s:

Using gdb directly 'ight be tedious

/ry the %arious frontends to gdb: e'acs, ??gdb, '?gdb etc6

ot e%ery syste' will ha%e gdb, you Must 'ight ha%e to use db?


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Progra**ing on UNIX#+

9'a-e or 9U 'a-e

#hat is the need for a 5a-efile

De)endencies

/argets in a 'a-efile Patterns in 'a-efile


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Progra**ing on UNIX#/

B?a')le of a 'a-efile

CC=gcc

COPTS= -g -Wall

TARGET=run.xSRCS=hello.c junk.c

OBJS=$(SRCS.c=.o!

all$(OBJS!

$(CC! $(COPTS! $(OBJS! -o $(TARGET!

cleanr" -# $(OBJS! core

.o.c

$(CC! $(COPTS! -c $%


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Progra**ing on UNIX#0

9U! in U!"

Differences with /urbo4LL

>anilla " windows )rogra''ing, why not

/47C/-

#idget libraries

5otif

9/.

G/, etc6 /i)s:


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Progra**ing on UNIX#1

Ja%a

#hat is really different with the windows %ersion

!s Jfc, Ja%a2D, Ja%a+D a%ailable

!DBs for Ja%a o%er U!"

/i)s:

Dont try to use a 6class de)endency with 'a-e

!f you run Ja%a fro' a ser%er, gra)hics would be slow


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Introduction to She Progra**ing#$

#hat is the need for shell )rogra''ing

&ourne shell Esh, -sh, Ish and bashF

c shell Ecsh, tcshF B?a')les of shell )rogra''ing

5o%ing all a6iQ6t?t files to a6iL1Q6t?t

4leaning u) your directory at the end of a day

/i)s: Perl Must 'ight be a better o)tion

Dont forget sed and aw-


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Introduction to She Progra**ing#%

5o%ing files scri)t

#$%&in%sh 'fL*+L,T-.ls / grep 01!23'451!0 .

for 6788+L* in 9L*+L,T: do

8,T+;.

;7


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Introduction to She Progra**ing#&

4leanu) directory scri)t#$%&in%csh 'f

# Assume that ps pdf etc! directories are present

set L*+L,T-.ls.

foreach 6788+L* ( 9L*+L,T )

set T,T-.echo 96788+L* / grep 1!pdf19 .

if( 9T,T $- 00 ) then

mE 96788+L* pdf

endif

set T,T-.echo 96788+L* / grep 1!ps19 .

if( 9T,T $- 00 ) thenmE 96788+L* ps

endif

end


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Te2t for*atting using UNIX#$

#hat is the need for te?t for'atting

#KS#K9 or $/

7a/e" = B'acs PS renderer

7a/e" #KS#K9 frontend 7y?

$ther te?t for'atters: troff

ow to 'a-e Presentations Slides

/i)s: PowerPoint is still the best software for 'a-ing )resentations

!t is easy to con%ert PowerPoint slides to ht'l


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Te2t for*atting using UNIX#%

7a/e"

origin: 7a/e" and /e"

usage

7a/e" tutorials and 'anuals

< not so short introduction to 7a/e"

/he 7a/e" 'anual

7a/e" by 7esslie 7a')ort

7y? a #KS#!9 interface to 7a/e"

B'acs )srenderer and troff /i)s:

(or s'all for'atted te?t B'acs is still the best


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(efore wrapping up


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"rapping up

Self hel) is the best hel)@

/he U!" 'an )ages6 5anual sections

Using 'an, whatis etc6

B?)eri'ent6 Kou can ne%er -ill the syste'6

7in-s

htt):CCwww6gnu6org, for 9U tools and 'anuals

htt):CCsunsite6unc6edu, worlds largest collection of free software

htt):CCu)a%an6cse6iitd6ernet6in, Phili)s 7ab6 internal )age

htt):CC)oor%i6cse6iitd6ernet6inClocal, !ntel cluster archi%es

&oo-s

/he U!" )rogra''ing en%iron'ent, .ernighan = Pi-e


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