Unix Commands All

Common Unix Commands

Sysinfo Display system information i.e cpu, memory, etcMemory and Swap Information regarding the physical memory and swap areaDisks, Filesystems and Devices Displaying disk information, filesystemsNetworking Display and configuring network parametersCrash Dump Configure, display and use the crash dump utiltitiesPerformance Monitoring and Diagnostics List, Monitor and trace processesKernel Modules and Parameters Displaying, modifying and tuning kernel parametersServices Display, start and stop servicesPatching / Packages Installing and removing patches and software packagesAccounts Setting up and removing user accountsNFS Information on NFS i.e starting, stopping, etcNTP Network Time ProtocolLog Files Location to common log filesSecurity Security informationMisc Other stuff i.e shutdown, timezone, run level, etc

sysinfo

Solaris Red Hat Ubuntu/Debian HP-UX AIX

Server Release info

cat /etc/release cat /etc/enterprise-releasecat /etc/redhat-release

lsb_release -a

cat /proc/version

cat /etc/lsb-release

lsb_release -a

/stand/kernrel

oslevel -r Server Release info

Server type/usr/platform/ùname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v dmidecode dmidecode

modeluname -a

prtconf | grep -i 'System Model'Server type

Hardware Info

prtdiag -vprtconf -D prtpicl -v [-c ]

picl = platform information and controllibrary

lspcilsusblshal

Note: hal = hardware abstraction layer

lspcilsusblshal

ioscanioscan -fun [disk|tape|lan]

/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifestcat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info

lscfg -v lscfg -l ent0lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter)

lsdevlsdev -Cc disklsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0

lsslot -c [pci|phb|port]lsslot -c pci -l ent0

lspath -l hdisk0

diag

Hardware Info

Operating System uname -a uname -a uname -a uname -a oslevel [-r|-s] Operating System

Memory

/usr/platform/ùname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -vprtconf | grep -i mem cat /proc/meminfo (detailed)

free -om

cat /proc/slabinfo

cat /proc/meminfo (detailed)free -om

cat /proc/slabinfo

dmesg | grep -i physical/usr/sam/lbin/getmem/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest

cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info

prtconf -m prtconf |grep -i memorylsattr -El sys0 -a realmembootinfo -r Memory

CPU (type, number, etc)

/usr/platform/ùname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v

## display,offline,onlinepsrinfopsradm -f 0 (offline) psradm -n 0 (online)

cat /proc/cpuinfo (detailed) cat /proc/cpuinfo (detailed)/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifestsam -> performance monitors -> system properties


prtconf |grep -i processor

CPU (type, number, etc)

Disk Drives

formatprtvtoc

format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI)

Note:EFI - Extensible Firmware Interface

fdisk -lsfdisk -l (advanced server)parted printpartprobe -s

smartctl -a

fdisk -lsfdisk -l (advanced server)parted printpartprobe

ioscan -funC disk lsdev -Cc disklsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller)lsdev -Cc disk -S [a|d|s] (available, defined, stopped)

lscfg -v -l hdisk0 Disk Drives

SMI - Sun Microsystems Inc

Kernel File and associateddirectories

/kernel/genunix

/platform/`uname -m`/kernel/platform/i86pc/kernel/kernel/usr/kernel

/boot/initrd.?????.img/boot/vmlinuz

/boot/initrd.img-?????-server/boot/vmlinuz-????-server

/stand/vmunix /unix

/usr/lib/boot/usr/lib/drivers

Note: /unix - symbolic link to kernel file i.e/usr/lib/boot/unix_64

Kernel File

Kernel 32 or 64

isainfo -kv (solaris 9+)isalist (sparc v9 will be listed first)isainfo -b

uname -auname -mgetconf -a |grep -i 'long_bit'cat /proc/version

uname -auname -mgetconf -a |grep -i 'long_bit'

getconf KERNEL_BITS ( version 11)/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest |grep -i 'os mode'

HPUX < version 11 all 32 bit

Note: determine if system supports 64 bitgetconf HW_CPU_SUPP_BITS/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest |grep -i 'hw capability'

prtconf -kbootinfo -K

Kernel 32 or 64

Display Firmware

At the OK prompt type banner boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12) boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12)workstations:rebootenter PDCtype: IN (information menu) type: FV (Firmware Version)

prtconf |grep -i firmware lscfg -pvinvscout Display Firmware

Display IRQ, IO ports and DMAn/a /proc/interrupts

/proc/ioports/proc/dma

/proc/interrupts/proc/ioports/proc/dma

n/a prtconf Display IRQ, IO ports andDMA

GUI admin tool admintool linuxconf linuxconf sam smitsmitty GUI admin tool

Memory and Swap

Solaris Red Hat Ubuntu/Debian HP AIX

Memory

/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -vprtconf | grep -i mem

cat /proc/meminfo (detailed)free -om

cat /proc/meminfo (detailed)free -om dmesg | grep -i physical

/usr/sam/lbin/getmem/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest


prtconf -m prtconf |grep -i memorylsattr -El sys0 -a realmembootinfo -r Memory

page size(memory)

/usr/bin/pagesize /usr/bin/getconf -a| egrep -i'pagesize|page_size'

/usr/bin/getconf -a| egrep -i'pagesize|page_size'

dmesg |grep -i physical pagesizepagesize -a (display all supported pagesizes) page size (memory)

display swapswap -lswap -s

cat /proc/swaps (detailed)swapon -s

cat /proc/swaps (detailed)swapon -s

swapinfo (displayed in KB)swapinfo -m (display in Mb)swapinfo -tm (total / Mb)

lsps -a (detailed) lsps -s display swap

adding swap

mkfile 5m /var/swapfile swap -a /var/swapfile

update /etc/vfstab

device:create partition with fdisk (type 82)file(create 50MB swap file):dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfilebs=1024 count=50000

mkswap |swapon |

update /etc/fstab

device:create partition with fdisk (type82)file(create 50MB swap file):dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfilebs=1024 count=50000

mkswap |swapon |

update /etc/fstab

Create logical volume or filesystem

swapon | -f swapon -p 3 | -f

update /etc/fstab

Note: -p = priority swap number . The nswapdevtunable system parameter controls the maximumnumber of swap devices.

mkps -a -s 4 -n

# change the attributes chps -a n paging00 (don't use after restart)

# change the logical volume attributes (name in this case) chlv -n (chang page space name)

Note:

-a reconfigure paging space after restart-s size of the page space (logical partitions)-n activiates the paging space (use swapoff to deactivate)

also see /etc/swapspaces file

adding swap

removingswap

update /etc/vfstabswap -d

swapoff |

Remove device or file as normal

swapoff |

Remove device or file as normal

remove entry from /etc/fstabreboot

swapoff /dev/paging00rmps paging00

Note: paging space must be deactiviated before removingremoving swap

Disks, Filesystems and Devices


formatprtvtoc cfgadm -alfcinfo hba-port



ioscan -funC disk lsdev -Cc disklsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller)lsdev -Cc disk -S [a|d|s] (available, defined,stopped)

Disk Drives

luxadm probempathadm list initiator-port mpathadm show iscsiadm list initiator-nodeiscsiadm list discovery

format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI)

Note:EFI - Extensible Firmware InterfaceSMI - Sun Microsystems Inc

udevadm info -q all -n /dev/sda1blkiddmsetup [ls|info]

lscfg -v -l hdisk0

Disk Drives

Disk serial Number, type,etc

formatiostat -Enluxadm inq (A5x00 disk arrays)

hdparm -i /dev/hdahdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed)

hdparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test)

sdparm -i /dev/sdb

cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/modelcat /proc/scsi/scsi

hdparm -i /dev/hdahdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed)

haparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test)

sdparm -i /dev/sdb

cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/modelcat /proc/scsi/scsi

diskinfo -v /dev/rdsk/c0t4d0 (detailed but no serialnumber)/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest (no serial number)

## Insure that the online diagnostic support toolshave been installedswlist -l bundle | grep 'Support Tools'

## Command-Line Support Tools Manager (cstm) ## The run cstm cstmcstm> mapcstm> sel dev 4 (select the disk of you choice)cstm> infocstm> il (obtain the serial number) cstm> quit

lscfg -vl hdisk0lscfg -vl hdisk*

Disk serial Number, type, etc

Disk disk partitions

prtvtoc

cat /etc/vfstabfdisk -lsfdisk -l (advanced server)

cat /proc/partitions (very high level)cat /etc/fstab

fdisk -lsfdisk -l (advanced server)

cat /proc/partitions (very high level)cat /etc/fstab

lvlnboot -v /dev/vg00 lifls -Clv

# Display the LIF contentslifcp /dev/dsk/c0t6d0:AUTO -

cat /etc/fstab

Note: Boot programs are stored in the boot area inLogical Interchange Format (LIF), which is similar toa file system. For a device to be bootable, the LIFvolume on that device must contain at least the ISL(the initial system loader) and HPUX (the HP-UXbootstrap utility) LIF files. ISL is like GRUB.

lsvg -l rootvg lchangelv

cat /etc/filesystems

Disk disk partitions

List Raw Partitions

use format to partition the disk then just usethe slice as a raw partition, remember to usethe character device

## Old way /etc/sysconfig/rawdevicesservice rawdevices startchkconfig rawdevices on

## New way, Edit below file /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rulesudevinfo -d or udevadm info

## Display raw partitions raw -qa

mknod /dev/rawctl c 162 0mknod /dev/raw/raw0 c 162 1mknod /dev/raw/raw1 c 162 2ln -s /dev/rawctl /dev/raw/rawctl

## map raw devices to the diskraw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdb1

## display raw devicesraw -qa

Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem - that'sit. Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem

# create a raw volumemklv -y rawVolume vg01 10

List Raw Partitions

Bad Blocksformat (use analyse ) badblocks badblocks dd if=/dev/rdsk/cXtYd0 of=/dev/null bs=1024K

Note: no errors means disk is good

chlv -b [y|n]

Note: enables bad block relocation

Filesystem commandsdf -kdf -h

df -k df -h

df -kdf -h

bdfdf [-egiklnvfb]

df -k lsfs [] lsfs -q (detailed)

Filesystem commands

Filesystem (create|remove)

newfs -v

# Display how the filesystem was created newfs -Nv

mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1

# all point to mke2fs mkfs.ext2mkfs.ext3mkfs.ext4

cat /etc/mke2fs.conf

mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 newfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1

mkfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1

Note: mkfs and newfs are a pointer to/sbin/fs_wrapper

crfs -v jfs2 -d data02lv -m /data02 -A yes

-v filesystem type-d device or logical volume-m mountpoint-A mount after restart [yes|no]

rmfs -ri /data02

-r remove the mountpoint-i display warning before removing

chfs -a size=+1G /var (grow by additional 1GB) chfs -a size=1G /var (grow to 1GB in size)

Filesystem (create|remove|resize)

tunefstune2fs tune2fs

tunefs -v chfs

Tune Filesystems

fstyp -v |grep -i minfree tune2fs -l /dev/sda1

# change reserved blocks percentage to 1%tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1

tune2fs -l /dev/sda1

# change reserved blocks percentage to 1%tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1

vxtunefs -v fstyp -v

# Disk fragmentationfsadm -F vxfs -E / (report)fsadm -F vxfs -e / (defrag)

Note: you can perform the followingresizefreezechange mountpointpermissionslots more..............................

Tune Filesystems

Force fsck # Check to see filesystem needs checkingfstyp -v | grep fsclean

touch /forcefsckshutdown -Fr nowfsck.mode=force (kernel parameter)

tune2fs -l /dev/sdb |grep -i 'filesystem state'

touch /forcefsckshutdown -r now

tune2fs -l /dev/sdb |grep -i 'filesystem state'

# edit /etc/default/rcS change below so # you dont have to hang around FSCKFIX=yes

# Look at the second line to see if a filesystem # needs checking tunefs -v

n/a

Force fsck

backup filesystem

ufsdump|ufsrestoretarddcpio

dump/restoretarddcpio

dump/restoretarddcpio

fbackup/frecoverdump/restoreftio tarddcpio

backup|restoretarddcpio backup filesystem

Display the boot device

eeprom |grep boot-device prtconf -pv |grep bootpath prtpicl -v|grep ':bootpath'

cat /boot/grub/grub.confcat /etc/lilo.conf

grub = grand unified boot loaderlilo = linux loader

cat /boot/grub/menu.lst setboot bootinfo -b (display last boot device) bootlist -m [normal|service] -o (display bootable devices)

Display the boot device

Setting the boot device

setenv boot-device [|]eeprom boot-device [|] /boot/grub/grub.conf

/etc/lilo.conf

/boot/grub/menu.lst setboot -p setboot -a

# autoboot sequnce setboot -b [on|off]

bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1

Setting the boot device

Creating boot device (MBR)installboot /usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk

grub-install lilo -v

grub-install mkboot -l

Note: we are treating the disk as a LVM device

bosboot -a (uses default device)bosboot -ad hdisk1 Creating boot device (MBR)

Format floppy drivefdformat -v -Uvolcheck -vnewfs -v /vol/disk/aliases/floppy0

floppy --probe (use device obtained below ) floppy --createrc > /etc/fd0floppy --format /dev/fd0mkfs /dev/fd0

n/a n/a format -d /dev/rfd0format -d /dev/fd0.18 (high format) Format floppy drive

mount/unmount floppy volrmmount -l floppy0eject floppymount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppyumount /mnt/floppy

n/a n/a mount /dev/rfd0 /floppy mount/unmount floppy

mount/unmount CDROM

mount -F hsfs -o ro /cdrom/cdrom0umount /cdrom/cdrom0

/etc/init.d/volmgr starteject cdrom

mount -rt iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdromumount /mnt/cdromeject cdrom

mount -rt iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdromumount /mnt/cdromeject cdrom

mount -rF cdfs /dev/dsk/c1t6d0 /cdrom

start: /usr/sbin/pps_mountdpps_mount

mount -v cdrfs -r /dev/cd0 /cdromumount /cdrom

mount/unmount CDROM

mount/umount ISO image

lofiadm -a /dev/lofi/1mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/lofi/1 /mnt

# to listlofiadm

remount a filesystem

n/a mount -o remount,rw / mount -o remount,rw / mount_vxfs -o remount,ro mount -o remount,rw

Note:I did find a note that it should be possible to remounta jfs2 filesystem, but it did not work on my system

remount a filesystem

create boot disk orrecovery tape

n/a mkbootdisk `uname -r` (boot diskette) n/a recovery tape (preview)make_tape_recovery -v -l -x inc_entire=vg00/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery -ACv

mksysbcreate boot disk or recovery tape

boot cdrom/diskette (singleuser)

ok> boot cdrom -s using the grub window append the word single tothe kernel line

using the grub window append the word single tothe kernel line

enter PDC> search >boot p1 (cdrom) interact with IPL? YISL> hpux -is

based on a 9114-275 workstation

1. Restart the machine.2. Wait the the AIX splash screen to come up. Devices

begin to initialize here.3. When you see the [keyboard] word on screen hit

the F5 button or the 5 key depending on yourconsole.

4. Choose default boot list when the maintenancescreen comes up.

boot cdrom/diskette (single user)

ok> boot -as f10 or f12 f10 or f12 >boot pri interact with IPL? Y

based on a 9114-275 workstation

boot into maintenace mode

ISL> hpux -lm 1. Restart the machine.2. Wait the the AIX splash screen to come up. Devices

begin to initialize here.3. When you see the [keyboard] word on screen hit

the F5 button or the 5 key depending on yourconsole.

4. Choose select boot options when themaintenance screen comes up, then option 1, thenoption 1 for scsi, then option 3 service mode boot

boot into maintenace mode

Device paths

floppy:

disk:/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0

tape:/dev/rmt/0ucb

cdrom:/dev/dsk/c0t6d0s0/dev/scd0 (external usb cd)

floppy:/dev/fd0

disk:/dev/hda or /dev/sda /dev/hdb or /dev/sdb

tape:

cdrom:/dev/hda (depends on number of IDE disks)

floppy:/dev/fd0

disk:/dev/hda or /dev/sda /dev/hdb or /dev/sdb

tape:

cdrom:/dev/hda (depends on number of IDE disks)

floppy:n/a

disk:/dev/dsk/c0t6d0

tape:/dev/dsk/rmt/0

cdrom:/dev/dsk/c1t6d0

floppy:/dev/fd0/dev/rfd0

disk:/dev/hdisk0

tape:

cdrom:/dev/cd0

Device paths

update /dev directory

drvconfigdevlinksdisks|tapes|ports

devfsadm ( solaris 8, 9, 10)

/dev/MAKEDEV /dev/MAKEDEV insf -C tape (Class)

insf -H 0.1.0 -e (recreate deleted link)

cfgmgrcfgmgr -l scsi0

mkdevupdate /dev directory

remove or change a device

rem_drv # remove all devices from a hardward path rmsf -k -H 52.6.0

rmdevrmdev -l cd0

chdevchdev -l rmt0 -a ret=no

remove or change a device

list device drivers

prtconf -D sysdef

cat /proc/devices cat /proc/devices lsdevlsdevlsdev -Cc disklsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0

lsslot -c pci -l ent0

lscfglscfg -l ent0lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter)

lspath -l hdisk0

getconf DISK_SIZE hdisk1 (detailed)

list device drivers

Networking

Solaris Red Hat Ubuntu/Debian HP AIX Basic network information (hostname, ip address)

/etc/hostname.hme0 /etc/sysconfig/network/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

/etc/network/interfaces /etc/rc.config.d/netconf stores information in the ODM (Object Database Manager) Basic network information (hostname, ip address)

displaying network interfaces

prtdiag -v ifconfig -a

kstat hme:0:parameters: kstat e1000g:0:parameters:

module:instance:name:statistics

# Solaris 11 netadm list

dladm show-physdladm show-linkdladm show-linkpropdladm show-vnicdladm show-etherstub

ipadm show-ifipadm show-ifprop ipadm show-addripadm show-addrprop

ifconfigsystem-config-network (GUI)

ifconfig ioscan -funC lan (list hardware) lanscan -v (list configured)ifconfig lan0 (individual)

ifconfig -a

entstat -d

lsdev -Cc iflsdev -Cc tcpip

odmget -q "name=en0" CuAt

lsattr -EHl en0 displaying networkinterfaces

ifconfigifconfig ifconfig ifconfig

mktcpip (completely setup a network interface)

Configure network interface

# Solaris 11 - Automatic (using profiles) netadm enable -p ncp Automaticnetcfg (use by Automatic)

# Solaris 11 - Manualnetadm enable -p ncp DefaultFixednetcfg

dladm create-vnicdladm delete-vnic dladm rename-link

dladm create-etherstub

ipadm create-ip net1 ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.0.110/24 net1/pfv ipadm delete-ipipadm delete-addr

rmtcpip (remove all network interfaces)

# configure an interfacemktcpip -h aix1 -a 192.168.1.200 -m 255.255.255.0 -i en1 -g 192.168.0.10

-h - hostname assigned to interface-a - ip address-m - netmask-i - interface name-g - gateway ip address

# remove an interfaceifconfig en1 detach

ifconfig (configures IP address)

chdev (add aliases to network interface)

Configure networkinterface

Starting and stopping a networkinterface

ifconfig qfe0 upifconfig qfe0 down

/sbin/ifup eth0/sbin/ifdown eth0

/sbin/ifup eth0/sbin/ifdown eth0 ifconfig lan0 up

ifconfig lan0 down

note: there is no "ifconfig -a" in hpux use lanscanthen "ifconfig "

ifconfig en0 upifconfig en0 downifconfig en0 detach (remove) Starting and stopping anetwork interface

Setting NIC speed

ndd -set (dynamically) /etc/system (edit and update then reboot - permanent)

mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD eth0ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full

ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full ndd -set lanadmin -X lan0

chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=1000_Full_Duplex -Pchdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=Auto_Negotiation -P

Note:entX - physical deviceenX - frame type run on entX

Setting NIC speed

Change NIC parameters

ndd -get

# List parameters ndd -get /dev/hme \?ndd -get /dev/e1000g0 \?ndd -get /dev/ip \?ndd -get /dev/tcp \?

mii-tool -v ethtool eth1ethtool -t eth0 online

sysctl -a | grep net*

ethtool eth0

sysctl -a |grep net*lanadmin -> lan -> display

## options supported ndd -get /dev/ip ?ndd -get /dev/tcp ?ndd -get /dev/arp ?ndd -get /dev/udp ?

netstat -ventstat -d

no -ano -o "ipforwarding=1"

NIC speeds or Parameters

Display NIC statistics netstat -i [-I interface]

netstat -snetstat -i [-f inet] netstat -s entstat -d

Display network statistics

display MAC address ifconfig -a (as user root) ifconfigsystem-config-network (GUI)ifconfig lanscan netstat -ia display MAC address

Displaying network packets

snoop -d tcpdump -i

ethereal (needs to be installed)

tcpdump -i

ethereal (needs to be installed)

nettl -startnettl -status allnettl -tn pduin pduout -e ns_ls_driver -file/var/adm/LANnettl -stop

use netfmt to display the trace file

tcpdump -i iptrace -i ipreport (used with iptrace to view reports)

Note: you must stop the iptrace by using "kill -15"

Displaying networkpackets

default router

/etc/defaultrouter

route add default route -p add default (persist changes)

edit /etc/sysconfig/network

add: GATEWAY=

edit /etc/network/interfaces

add: gateway

/etc/rc.config.d/netconf route add 0

Note: there is no file that holds the default router default router

display routing tablenetstat -rn netstat -rn

route -nnetstat -rnroute -n

netstat -rn netstat -rnnetstat -r -f inetlsattr -EHl inet0 -a route

display routing table

Test IPMP, Bonding

if_mpadm -d (detach)if_mpadm -r (reattach)

tail /var/adm/messages

ifenslave -d bond0 eth1 (detach) ifenslave bond0 eth1 (reattach)

cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

# create bonding/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0

# modprobe/etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf

# for bonding options - use BONDING_OPTS /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0

# see bonding modecat /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/mode

ifenslave -d bond0 eth1 (detach) ifenslave bond0 eth1 (reattach)

cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

You buy an optional product called Auto-PortAggragation.

smitty etherchannel (creates, deletes and tests)

entstat -d ent0

Test IPMP, Bonding

/etc/sysconfig/network /etc/hostname set_parms hostname (requires reboot) hostname

change the hostname

change the following files:

/etc/nodename/etc/hostname./etc/inet/hosts/etc/inet/ipnodes/etc/net - few files in here as well

# Solaris 11svccfg -s system/identity:node listprop config/nodename

svcfg -s system/identity:node setprop config/nodename =astring: hostnamesvcadm refresh system/identity:nodesvcadm restart indentity:node

/etc/hosts

sysctl -a |grep hostname

/etc/hosts

sysctl -a |grep hostname

chdev -l inet0 -a hostname=

change the hostname

setup DNS

/etc/resolv.conf

# Solaris 11 - You need to use the svccfg commandsvccfg -s dns/client listprop config/nameserversvccfg -s dns/client listprop config/searchsvccfg -s name-service/switch listprop config/hostsvccfg -s name-service/switch listprop config/password

svcprop

Note: just use listprop on its own to view all options

svccfg -s "dns/client" setprop "config/nameserver =net_address: (192.168.0.1)"svccfg -s "dns/client" setprop 'config/domain = astring:("datadisk.co.uk")' svccfg -s "name-service/switch" setprop 'config/host =astring: "file dns"'svcadm refresh name-service/switchsvcadm refresh dns/client

/etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

setup DNS

Name service switch file (DNSclient)

/etc/nsswitch.conf/etc/resolv.conf

# Solaris 11 - you need to use the svccfg command see above

/etc/nsswitch.conf/etc/host.conf/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/nsswitch.conf/etc/host.conf/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/nsswitch.conf/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/netsvc.conf/etc/resolv.conf/etc/irs.conf (may not be there)

chnamsv (change name service) rmnamsv (remove a name service) lsnamsv -C (list name services)

Name service switch file(DNS client)

Flush DNS cache svcadm restart system/name-service-cache:default ## if installed service nscd restart n/a netcdctrl -t dns -e hosts -f Flush DNS cache

Domain Name/etc/defaultdomain /etc/sysconfig/network (HOSTNAME option)

/etc/resolv.conf

Note: for NIS use the NISDOMAIN option

/etc/host/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/rc.config.d/netconf domainname Domain Name

Obtain IP Address routing route -n get tracerouteip route get traceroute

ip route get traceroute

n/a route -n get Obtain IP Address routing

Find Services on the network

Boot (jumpstart) servers:rpcinfo -b bootparam 1

NFS servers:rpcinfo -b mountd 1

NIS servers/slaves:rpcinfo -b ypserv 1



NIS servers/slaves:rpcinfo -u ypserv



NIS servers/slaves:rpcinfo -u ypserv







Find Services on thenetwork

Crash Dump


Crash Dump

dumpadm -d coreadm

crash (used toanalyse crash dumps)adb (used to analysecrash dumps)

diskdumpnetdumpkdump (part of kexec rpm)

/etc/kdump.conf (select where youwant the dump to go) service kdump startchkconfig kdump on

## to crash the systemecho "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

diskdumpnetdumpkdump (part of kexec rpm)

/etc/kdump.conf (select where youwant the dump to go) service kdump startchkconfig kdump on

## to crash the systemecho "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

edit /stand/system

add either:dump 2/0/1.5.0dump lvoldump none

# crash config file/etc/rc.config.d/savecrash

sysdumpdev -l (list dump destination)sysdumpdev -e (estimates dumpsize)sysdumpdev -L (info)

sysdumpstart -p (start dump primary)sysdumpstart -s (start dump secondary)

# set the dump device permanently sysdumpdev -p -P

# analyse dump fileecho "stat\n status\n t -m" | crash /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0

Crash Dump

crash (used to analyse crash dumps) crash (used to analyse crash dumps)

Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics


CPU

top (sunfreeware)prstat sarmpstatw (load average)uptime (load average) psvmstat

topsarmpstatw (load average)uptime (load average) psvmstatprocinfooprofilecat /proc/cpuinfo

topsarmpstatw (load average)uptime (load average) psvmstatprocinfocat /proc/cpuinfo

topsarw (load average)uptime (load average) psvmstatglancesam

topas -Ptopas -L (logical partitions) mpstatsar -c w (load average)uptime (load average) lparstatpsiostat -tT 1tprofcurt

CPU

Memory

prstatvmstattopsar

freevmstattopprocinfoslabtopsarcat /proc/meminfo

freevmstattopprocinfoslabtopsarcat /proc/meminfo

topvmstatsarsamglance

topasvmstatsar -bsvmonpsipcs -alockstat (version 4) rmss

Memory

Network

nddnetstatlsofsnooproute

ethtoolmii-toolnetstatlsoftcpdump ipiptrafnmap

ethtoolmii-toolnetstatlsoftcpdump ipiptraf

netstatlanadminsamglance

[ent|tok|fddi|atm]statnetstatnetpmon (trcstop to stoptrace) Network I/O

Disk

sar -diostatvmstatlsof



iostatsarsam glance

topas -D (disk)topas -F (filesystem) iostatsar -D fcstat (fibre)lvmstatfilemon (trcstop to stop) fileplace

# disk stat history chdev -l sys0 -a iostat=truelsattr -HEl sys0 -a iostat

Disk I/O

Application

truss -p ppriv -D -e

strace -p strace -p download and install tusc

tusc -p topastrusssar probevuetprofsvmon -P

Application

NFS nfsstat nfsstat nfsstat nfsstat nfsstat NFS

Process

topprstatps -ef pargs pcred pfiles pflags pgrep pkill pmap pldd preap prun psig pstack pstop ptime ptree pwait pwdx

Kernel Modules and Parameters


display loaded modules

modinfo cat /proc/modules (more detailed) lsmodmodinfo

Location: /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers

Config:/etc/modprobe.conf/etc/modprobe.d

cat /proc/modules (more detailed) lsmod

Location: /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers

Config:/etc/modprobe.d/options/etc/modprobe.d

kmadmin -k genkex

display loaded modules

load modules modload -p drv/ modprobe insmodmodprobe insmod

kmadmin -L n/a load modules

unload modulesmodunload -i modprobe -r

rmmodmodprobe -r rmmod kmadmin -U

kmadmin -u

n/aunload modules

set kernel parameters(tuning)

/etc/system (edit and reboot) /etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot)sysctl -p

sysctl -w param=value

No reboot (dynamically):echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/semecho "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmaxecho "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmniecho "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmalletc.............................................

/etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot)sysctl -p

sysctl -w param=value

No reboot (dynamically):echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/semecho "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmaxecho "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmniecho "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmalletc.............................................

kcweb (11i) kctune (11i only)rebuild kernel (< 11i see below)

chdev -l sys0 -a =no -a (network)vmo -a (virtual memory) nfso -a (NFS)ioo -a (Input/Ouput) raso -a (reliability, availability, serviceability) schedo -a (processor scheduler)

vi /etc/security/limitscd /etc/tunables

tunchange, tundefault, tunsave, tunrestore, tuncheck

Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for examplememory segments are dynamically adjusted

set kernel parameters

display kernelparameters

cat /etc/systemsysdef -i

sysctl -acat /etc/sysctl.conf

cat /proc/sys/kernel/semcat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmaxetc...................................

sysctl -acat /etc/sysctl.conf

cat /proc/sys/kernel/semcat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmaxetc...................................

kctune (11i only)sysdefkmtunekmsystem/usr/sam/lbin/getkinfo -f /stand/vmunix -o/tmp/kernel.data

lsattr -EHl sys0

Note: only a few kernel parameters can be changed display kernel parameters

build kernel

edit and update file then reboot:/etc/system

cd /usr/src/linux-2.5edit Makefile (change EXTRAVERSION)make mrproperbackup .configmake xconfigmake depmake bzImagemake modulesmove new kernelmake modules_installchange lilo/grub config filereboot

cd /stand/build/usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s systemedit system file/usr/sbin/mk_kernel -s ./systemmv /stand/system /stand/system.oldmv /stand/vmunix /stand/vmunix.oldmv /stand/build/system /standmv /stand/build/vmunix_test /stand/vmunixreboot

chdev -l sys0 -a =

Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for examplememory segments are dynamically adjusted

build kernel

interprocesscommunication

ipcs -a ipcs -a ipcs -a ipcs -a ipcs -a interprocesscommunication

Services


display servicessvcs -asvcs -l svcs -vx inetadm -l

service --status-all There is no services or chkconfigcommand use the old fashioned way/etc/init.d/

There is no services or chkconfigcommand use the old fashioned way/sbin/init.d/

lssrc -a

display services

start services svcadm enable nfs service nfs start startsrc -s startsrc -g start services

stop services svcadm disable nfs service nfs stop stopsrc -s stopsrc -g stop services

reload service svcadm refresh nfssvcadm clear nfs (changes state)service nfs reload refresh -s reload service

restart service svcadm restart nfs service nfs restart stopsrc -s startsrc -s restart service

service status svcs nfs service nfs staus lssrc -a service statusservice dependencies svcs -d network n/a n/a service dependenciesservice dependants svcs -D network n/a n/a service dependants

# change or add

Service notificationssvccfg

# verify or confirm svcprop

service logging, etc

/var/svc/log/var/svc/manifest/lib/svc/method/etc/svc/repository.db/system/volatile/svc_nonpersist.db

n/a /var/adm/ras/etc/syslog.conf /etc/rc.tcpip service logging, etc

change servicestartup

n/a chkconfig --levels 2345nfs on

n/a change servicestartup

Add a new service

n/a# Create yourstop/start# script in /etc/init.d

chkconfig --add

Patching / Software


display installed patchesshowrev -ppatchadd -p

swlist -l bundle swlist -l productswlist -l patch

instfix -iadisplay installed patches

adding patch

patchaddpatchadd -M (multiple patches)

patch -p1

zcat patch46.gz | patch -p1

Note: -p = # of path stripping

swcopy (install patch into depot)swinstall (install patch from depot)

Note: the swagentd daemon must be running

instfix -k

adding patch

removing patch patchrm patch -R -p1 swremove installp -r removing patch

display installed packages

pkginfo (all packages)pkginfo -l (single package)pkgchk -l -p (file belongs)

# NEW IPSpkg list (all packages)pkg info (single package)pkg search (find packages and files)

rpm -qa (all packages)rpm -q (single package)rpm -qf (file belongs)rpm -qi (very detailed)

dpkg -ldpkg -S (search)dpkg -S (file belongs) dpkg -s (status)dpkg -p (detailed)

swlist -l bundle swlist -l product

## check a packageswlist -s

lslpp -L all (all filesets)lslpp -L (single fileset) lslpp -w (file belongs)lslpp -ha (history of filesets)

rpm -qa (all packages)rpm -q (single package)rpm -qf (file belongs)rpm -qi (very detailed)

oslevel -g (install packkages above os level)

whereis which_fileset

display installed packages

adding package

pkgadd

# NEW IPSpkg installpkg update

rpm -Uhv (updates/installs if not already)rpm -ihv (install)

dpkg -i swinstallswinstall -s installp -a

installp -c (cleanup after failed install)

rpm -i

geninstall (generic installer: installp, RPM, etc)

adding package

removing packages

pkgrm

# NEW IPSpkg uninstall

rpm -e dpkg -r (do not remove config files)dpkg -P (remove config files)

swremoveinstallp -u (commited packages) installp -r (applied packages)

rpm -e

geninstall -u

removing packages

verify package

pkginfo -lpkginfo -p

# NEW IPSpkg publisher pkg verify

rpm -V n/a swverity (see /var/adm/sw/swagent.log) lppchk -v

rpm -V verify package

List files in package

pkgchk -l | grep -i pathname

# NEW IPSpkg contents

rpm -ql dpkg -L (list files) swlist -l file lslpp -f

rpm -ql List files in package

# NEW IPSpkg history

Other package commandspkg purge-historypkg freezepkg unfreeze pkg fixpkg refreshpkg publisher

Package directory

/var/sadm /var/lib/rpm /var/lib/dpkg/info /var/adm/sw/usr/lpp

/var/lib/rpmPackage directory

List libraries required for binaryprogram

ldd ldd ldd chatr ldd List libraries required for binaryprogram

Accounts


display userscat /etc/passwd

logins -x [-p]

cat /etc/passwdsystem-config-users (GUI)

cat /etc/passwd cat /etc/passwdlogins -x

cat /etc/passwd

lsuser -f ALL (detailed)display users

create a useruseradd

# user defaults /usr/sadm/defadduser

useraddsystem-config-users (GUI) useradd

useraddsam

mkuseruseradd create a user

remove a user userdel userdelsystem-config-users (GUI) userdeluserdelsam

rmuseruserdel remove a user

modify a user usermod usermodsystem-config-users (GUI) usermodusermodsam

chuser -ausermod passwd -fpasswd -schfn chfn

modify a user

change userpassword passwd passwd passwd passwd

passwdpwdadmpwdck -t ALL

change user password

create a group groupadd groupadd groupadd groupadd mkgroup create a groupremove a group groupdel groupdel groupdel groupdel rmgroup remove a groupmodify a goup groupmod groupmod groupmod groupmod chgroup modify a goup

password files /etc/passwd/etc/shadow/etc/passwd/etc/shadow

/etc/passwd/etc/shadow

/etc/passwd/tcb/files/auth/r/root (trusted system) /etc/security/passwd password files

useful usercommands

id -awhoamiwhowfingerlogins -p

id -awhoamiwhowfinger

id -awhoamiwhowfinger

idwhoamiwhowuptime (displays # of users logged in)finger

idwhoamiwhowuptime (displays # of users logged in)finger

# License information lslicensechlicense

# Maximum number of processes for a user lsattr -D -l sys0 -a maxuprocchdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=

useful user commands

useful groupcommands

groupssetpgrpnewgrp

groups groups groupssetprivgrp

groupssetgroupslsgroup ALL

useful group commands

Password Policy /etc/security/policy.conf/etc/default/passwd/etc/login.defs

Password Aging passwd chage -l chage

NFS


NFS Daemonsserver: mountd, nfsdclient: statd, lockd

server: rpc.mountd,nfsdclient: rpc.statd, lockd server: rpc.mountd,nfsd

client: rpc.statd, lockd

server: rpc.mountd, nfsdclient: rpc.statd, lockd server: rpc.mountd, nfsd

client: rpc.statd, rpc.lockd

NFS files/etc/dfs/dfstab/etc/dfs/sharetab/etc/rmtab

/etc/exports/var/lib/nfs/etab/var/lib/nfs/xtab

/etc/exports/var/lib/nfs/etab/var/lib/nfs/xtab

/etc/exports/etc/xtab

/etc/exports/etc/xtab

List nfs clients that have a remote mount /etc/rmtab /var/lib/nfs/rmtab /var/lib/nfs/rmtab /etc/rmtab /etc/xtab

display nfs shares dfsharesshowmount -e localhostshowmount -e localhost showmount -e localhost showmount -e localhost exportfs

showmount -e localhost

create nfs share

/etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and add share)share

## dfstab example share -F nfs -d "jumpstart" /export/jumpstart

redhat-config-nfs (GUI)

/etc/exports (edit and add share)/sbin/service nfs reload

## /etc/exports example/export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync)

/etc/exports (edit and add share, see below example)exportfs -rav (export the shares)

/etc/init.d/portmap restart/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

## /etc/exports example/export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync)

/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit)/etc/exports (edit and add share)exportfs -a

mknfsexp -d mknfsmnt

shareall

uncreate nfs share

unshare /etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and remove share)

/etc/exports (edit and remove share)/sbin/service nfs reload

/etc/exports (edit and remove share)exportfs -rav (export the shares)

/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit)exportfs -au (unshare all)exportfs -u /home/vallep /etc/exports (edit and remove share)

rmnfsexp -d (unshares and removes from file)

exportfs -u unshareall

start/change nfs daemons

/etc/init.d/nfs.server start /etc/init.d/nfs.client start

svcadm enable nfs/serversvcadm disable nfs/server

/sbin/service nfs start /etc/init.d/portmap start/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start

/sbin/init.d/nfs.core start/sbin/init.d/nfs.server start/sbin/init.d/nfs.client start

mknfschnfs

startsrc -s nfsdstartsrc -s rpc.mountd

stop nfs daemons/etc/init.d/nfs.server stop/etc/init.d/nfs.client stop

/sbin/service nfs stop /etc/init.d/portmap stop/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server stop

/sbin/init.d/nfs.client stop/sbin/init.d/nfs.server stop /sbin/init.d/nfs.core stop

rmnfs

stopsrc -s nfsdstopsrc -s rpc.mountd

nfs status ps -ef|grep < nfs daemons> /sbin/service nfs status /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server status ps -ef | grep lssrc -a |grep -i nfsnfs reload shareall /sbin/service nfs reload exportfs -rav (export the shares) exportfs -a exportfs -avnfs performanace nfsstat nfsstat nfsstat nfsstat nfsstat

nfs Optionsn/a cat /var/lib/nfs/etab cat /var/lib/nfs/etab n/a nfso -a

nfso -o =

exportfs (display options)

solaris/redhat mount problems (nfs v3 tov4)

## Make sure you use NFS version 3 mount -F nfs -o vers=3

n/a n/a n/a n/a

NTP


Time daemons xntpd ntpdntpd xntpd xntpd

Time daemons

ntp setup

# Solaris 8 /etc/ntp.conf/etc/ntp.server/etc/ntp.client

/etc/rc2.d/xntpd [start|stop]

# Solaris 10/etc/inet/ntp.server/etc/inet/ntp.client

svcadm enable ntpd

/etc/ntp.conf (edit with ntp servers)dateconfig (GUI)

chkconfig --list ntpdchkconfig --level 2345 ntpd on /sbin/service ntpd start

/etc/default/ntp/etc/ntp.conf

/etc/init.d/ntp [start|stop|restart]

/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons (set XNTPD to 1) /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf

startsrc -s xntpdstopsrc -s xntpd

lslpp -L all|grep xntpd ntp setup

ntp daemon options

/lib/svc/method/xntp /etc/sysconfig/ntpd /etc/default/ntp /etc/rc.config.d/netdaemonsstartsrc -s xntpd -a "-x"

/etc/rc.tcpipntp daemon options

NTP Trace commandsntpq -pntptrace

ntpq -pntptrace

ntpq -pntptrace

ntpq -pntpdate (set the date)

ntpq -pntptracentpdate

NTP Trace commands

Log Files

Solaris Red Hat Ubuntu/Debian HP AIX messages /var/adm/messages /var/log/messages /var/log/messages /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log /var/adm/ras messages

syslog /var/log/syslog /var/log/syslog /var/log/syslog /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log /var/adm/ras syslogmail /var/log/mail /var/log/mail.* /var/adm/syslog/mail.log /usr/spool/mqueue/syslog mailcron /var/cron/log /var/log/cron /var/log/cron.log /var/adm/cron/log /var/adm/cron/log cron

boot /var/adm/messagesdmesg/var/log/bootdmesg

/var/log/bootdmesg

/var/adm/syslog/syslog.logdmesg

/var/adm/ras

alog -o -t bootalog -o -t consolealog -L (list all the logs available)

boot

Error logging logger logger logger logger

/usr/lib/errdemon -l (display attributes) /usr/lib/errdemon (start error logging) /usr/lib/errstop (stop error logging)

# use with above errorlog file errpt (summary errorlog report)errpt -a (detailed errorlog report)errpt -j (single errorlog report)

errclear (clears errorlog)errclear -d (clears class errors)

errlogger "message upto 230 chars"

Error logging

Security


Checking the passwd file pwck pwck pwck pwck pwdck -t ALL usrck -t ALL Checking the passwd file

checking the group file grpck grpck grpck grpck grpck checking the group file

console login (allow/deny)

# Solaris 10 (no reboot) /etc/default/login

# Solaris 11 (no reboot)/etc/default/login/etc/user_attr (see below)

rolemod -K type=normal root

# No reboot required /etc/securetty



Note: you may need to create thisfile if it does not exist

# No reboot required/etc/security/user

chsec -f /etc/security/user -s rootconsole login (allow/deny)

Misc


startupeeprom

setenv boot-device

grub (GUI)lilo (text based)

grub (GUI) setboot -p setboot -a

# autoboot sequnce setboot -b [on|off]

bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1

startup

shutdown

shutdown -i5 -g0 -y (power down)shutdown -i6 -g0 -y (reboot)shutdown -i0 -g0 -y (OK prompt)

reboot -- -r (reboot/reconfigure)

touch /reconfigure

shutdown -h (halt)shutdown -r (reboot)shutdown -f (fast reboot no fsck)shutdown -F (force fsck)

shutdown -h (halt)shutdown -r (reboot)shutdown -P (power off)

touch /forcefsck

# edit /etc/default/rcS change below so # you dont have to hang around FSCKFIX=yes

shutdown -h now (halt)shutdown -r now(reboot)

shutdown -F (fast shutdown) shutdown -Fr (fast shutdown and reboot)

shutdown

Change run level

haltinitpoweroffrebootshutdowntelinituadmin

haltinitpoweroffrebootshutdowntelinit

haltinitpoweroffrebootshutdowntelinit

initrebootshutdown

initshutdownreboot telinithalt

Change run level

init status0123456

0 - shutdown1 - single user2 - n/a3 - Multi-user4 - n/a5 - power off6 - reboot

# change defaultvi /etc/inittab

0 - halt1 - single user2 - multiuser (no networking)3 - multiuser (networking)4 - unused5 - GUI6 - reboot

# change defaultvi /etc/inittab

0 - halt1 - single user2 - multiuser (default)3 - same as 2 4 - same as 2 5 - same as 2 6 - reboot

# change default - change all the telinit vi /etc/event.d/rc-default

0 - halt1 - single users2 - multiuser (networking)3 - multiuser (networking, NFS, and CDE GUI) (default) 4 - multiuser (netwrking, NFS, and VUE GUI)5 - n/a6 - n/a

# change default - change the initdefault line vi /etc/inittab

0 - reserved 1 - reserved 2 - multiuser mode with NFS 3 - user defined 4 - user defined 5 - user defined 6 - user defined 7-9 - user defined

# change default - change the initdefault line vi /etc/inittab

init status0123456

Startup options

boot

# Options-s single user-a interactive-x no device drivers (used inclustering) -r reconfigure devices-m milestone

single - use grub to edit kernel line emergency - use grub to edit kernel line linux rescue - use at the boot prompt

single: runlevel1, local fs mounted, no networkemergency: root fs read-only, no init files run rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as/mnt/sysimage

single - use grub to edit kernel line emergency - use grub to edit kernel line linux rescue - use at the boot prompt

single: runlevel1, local fs mounted, no networkemergency: root fs read-only, no init files run rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as/mnt/sysimage

interact with IPL? Y

# single user ISL> hpux -is

# Logical volume maintanence mode ISL> hpux -lm

# No quroum checkISL> hpux -lq

Based on 9114-275 workstation

1. switch off the machine

2. power on and enter the SMS menu

Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1after the word keyboard but before the wordspeaker

Startup options

startup scripts

/etc/init.d

/etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d

/etc/init.d


/etc/init.d


/sbin/init.d/etc/rc.config.d (startup config files)

/sbin/rc0.d - /sbin/rc6.d

/etc/rc.d/etc/rc.d/init.d

/etc/rc.d/rc2.d - rc9.d

/etc/rc.* (config files for auto-starting)

also uses the System Resource Controller

startup scripts

boot promptcommands

bootprintenvsetenvbannerdevaliasshow-devsshow-pci-devs-all probe-scsi-allprobe-fcal-allprobe-pci watch-net-allreset-all

F10 or F12 F10 or F12 interact with IPL? YBased on a 9114-275 workstation

1. switch off the machine

2. power on and enter the SMS menu

Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1after the word keyboard but before the wordspeaker

boot prompt commands

Boot process

Phases:

Boot PROM: displays systeminformation, run POST, loadbootblk, locate ufsbootBoot Programs: bootblk loadsand executes the ufsbootKernel Initialization: ufsbootloads and executes the corekernel, initializes core kerneldata structures, loads otherkernel modules based on the/etc/system file, starts/sbin/init programinit: starts other processesbased on the /etc/inittab file

Boot sequence

1. BIOS2. POST3. Master Boot Record (MBR) - point to the

bootloader GRUB or LILO4. GRUB (stage 1) - point to GRUB stage 1_55. GRUB (stage 1_5) - deals with specific

filesystem types look at /boot/grub/*1_5 files6. GRUB (stage 2) reads /etc/grub.conf and

displays the grub menu, it specifies the kerneland the initrd files

7. KERNEL - control given to the kernel8. INIT - reads /etc/inittab and runs

/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script

Boot sequence

1. BIOS2. POST3. Master Boot Record (MBR) - point to the

bootloader GRUB or LILO4. GRUB (stage 1) - point to GRUB stage 1_55. GRUB (stage 1_5) - deals with specific

filesystem types look at /boot/grub/*1_5files

6. GRUB (stage 2) reads /boot/grub/menu.lstand displays the grub menu, it specifies thekernel and the initrd files

7. KERNEL - control given to the kernel8. INIT - runs the /etc/event.d/rc-default script

Phases:

1. PDC - processor-dependent code; executes andperforms self-tests

2. ISL - initial system loader; loads the secondarysystem loader hpux

3. HPUX - is the secondary system loader and loadsthe kernel /stand/vmunix, then hands over tothe kernel

4. KERNEL - swapper processes are started by thekernel then starts the init process

5. INIT - reads /etc/inittab

Phases:

Read Only Storage (ROS): check thesystem board, perform POST, locate andload boot image, begin systeminitialization and execute phase 1 of the/etc/rc.boot scriptBase Device Configuration: startconfiguration manager to configue basedevicesSystem Boot: start init process phase 2,switch to hard-disk root filesystem, startother processes defined by /etc/inittaband execute phase 3 of the /etc/rc.bootscript

Boot process

Boot Environments(BE)

bootadm list-archivebootadm update-archivebootadm list-menu bootadm set-menu

beadm createbeadm renamebeadm activatebeadm listbeadm destroy

determine the runlevel

who -r runlevelwho -r

runlevelwho -r

who -r who -r determine the run level

obtain default runlevel

cat /etc/inittab cat /etc/inittab /etc/event.d/rc-default /etc/inittab /etc/inittab obtain default run level

list locale locale -a locale -a locale -a locale -a locale -a list locale

start xwindows n/a startx (shorthand of below)initx (lots of parms) n/a n/a start xwindows

initialize systemsys-unconfig set_parms [initial|hostname|ip_address|timezone]

Note: set_parms is in /sbin

install_assistinitialize system

Timezone /etc/TIMEZONE/etc/default/init/etc/sysconfig/clock/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab

/etc/timezone/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab

/etc/TIMEZONE /etc/environment/etc/profile Timezone

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