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UNIX Commands

Heading Objective Command Example

df df command displays

information about total spaceand available space on a filesystem

This displays the file systemstatistics in 1024-byte diskblocks.

df k df -k /test

This displays file systemstatistics in MB disk blocksrounded off to nearest 2nddecimal digit.

df m df -m /test

This displays file system

statistics in GB disk blocksrounded off to nearest 2nddecimal digit.

df g df -g /test

find Finds files with a matchingexpression.

This searches the entire filesystem and writes thecomplete path names of allfiles named .profile. The /(slash) tells the find commandto search the root directory and

all of its subdirectories.

find / find / -name .profile-print

This lists the names of the filesthat have only owner-read andowner-write permission. The .(dot) tells the find command tosearch the current directoryand its subdirectories.

find . find . -perm 0600 print

To list all files in the currentdirectory that have beenchanged during the current 24-hour period.

find . ctime find . -ctime 1 print

To lists the names of theordinary files (-type f) thathave more than one link (-links +1).

find . -type f find . -type f -links+1 print

To find all accessible fileswhose path name contains find

find . name find . -name '*find*'print

To search for all files that areexactly 414 bytes long

find . -size find . -size 414c print

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Wait Waits until the termination ofa process ID.

Waits until the termination ofa process123456789.

wait [ ProcessID] wait 123456789

date Displays the date in the

desired format.Displays the date in the formatequivalent to %m/%d/%y.

date +"%D"

Displays the locale's fullmonth name.

date +"%B"

Displays the hour (24-hourclock) as a decimal number(00-23).

date +"%H"

Displays the locale'sequivalent of either AM orPM.

date +"%p"

Displays 12-hour clock time(01-12) using the AM-PMnotation; in the POSIXlocale, this is equivalent to %I:%M:%S %p.

date +"%r"

errpt Generates a report of loggederrors.

To display a completesummary report

errpt

To display a complete detailedreport

errpt -a

To display a detailed report ofall errors logged for the erroridentifier E19E094F

errpt -a errpt -a -jE19E094F

To display a detailed report ofall errors logged in the past 24hours.

errpt -a -s mmddhhmmyy

To list error-record templatesfor which logging is turned offfor any error-log entries.

errpt -t -F log=0

To view all entries from thealternate error-log file

/var/adm/ras/errlog.alternate

errpt -i/var/adm/ras/errlog.alternate

To display a detailed report ofall errors and group duplicateerrors

errpt aD

fmt Formats mail messages priorto sending.

To format a message you havecreated with the mail editor

~| fmt

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The file file1 is formatted anddisplayed on your screen

fmt filename fmt file1

fuser Identifies processes using afile or file structure.

To list the process numbers of

local processes using the/etc/passwd file

fuser /etc/passwd

To list the process numbersand user login names ofprocesses using the/etc/filesystems file

fuser -u /etc/filesystems

To terminate all of theprocesses using a given filesystem

fuser -k -x -u -c/dev/hd1 orfuser -kxuc /home

To list all processes that areusing a file which has been

deleted from a given filesystem.

fuser -d /usr

ipcs Reports interprocesscommunication facility status.

Ipcs

jobs Displays status of jobs in thecurrent session.

To display the status of jobs inthe current environment

jobs l

To display the process ID forthe job whose name beginswith "m"

job -p %m

ls Displays the contents of adirectory.

To list all files in the currentdirectory

ls a

To display a long listing withdetailed information aboutchap1 and .profile.

ls -l chap1 .profile

To display a long listing forthe directories . and manual,and for the file manual/chap1.(Without the -d flag, this

would list the files in the . andmanual directories instead ofthe detailed information aboutthe directories themselves.)

ls -d -l . manualmanual/chap1

To display a long listing of thefiles that were modified mostrecently, followed by the olderfiles.

ls -l t

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mail,

Mail, or

mailx

Sends and receives mail.

The mail command lists everymessages in your system

mailbox.

Mail

To send the message letter tothe recipient user1@host1 andcopies touser2@host2 and user3@host3

mail -c "user2@host2user3@host3"user1@host1

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with field specifiers ruser,pid,ppid=parent,args

To display information aboutprocesses and kernel threadscontrolled by the currentterminal

ps lm

To display information aboutall processes and kernelthreads

ps -emo THREAD

rlogin Connects a local host with aremote host.

To log in to a remote host withyour local user name

rlogin host2

To log in to a remote host witha different user name

rlogin host2 -l dale

To log in to a remote host withyour local user name and

change the escape character

rlogin host2 -e\

shutdown Ends system operation.

To turn off the machine Shutdown

To give users more time tofinish what they are doing andbring the system tomaintenance mode

shutdown -m +2

su Changes the user IDassociated with a session.

To obtain root user authority Su

To obtain the privileges of thejim user

su jim

To set up the environment as ifyou had logged in as the jimuser

su jim

To run the backup commandwith root user authority andthen return to your originalshell

su root "-c/usr/sbin/backup -9-u"

uname Displays the name of thecurrent operating system.

To display the completesystem name and versionbanner

uname a

rsh or

remsh

Executes the specifiedcommand at the remote host orlogs into the remote host.

To check the amount of freedisk space on a remote host

rsh host2 df

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To append a remote file toanother file on the remotehost, place the >>metacharacters in quotationmarks

rsh host2 cat test1">>" test2

To append a remote file at theremote host to a local file,omit the quotation marks

rsh host2 cat test2>> test3

To append a remote file to alocal file and use a remoteuser's permissions at theremote host (The remote filetest4 is appended to the localfile test5 at the remote host,with user jane's permissions.)

rsh host2 -l jane cattest4 >> test5

grep Searches a file for a pattern.

To use a pattern that containssome of the pattern-matchingcharacters *,

^, ?, [, ], \(, \), \{, and \}

grep "^[a-zA-Z]"pgm.s

To display all lines that do notmatch a pattern

grep v grep -v "^#" pgm.s

To display all lines in the file1file that match either the abcor xyz string

grep E grep -E "abc|xyz"file1

To search for a $ (dollar sign)in the file named test2

grep \\$ test2

This option causes a case-insensitive search.The -n option lists the matching

lines, together with line numbers.

grep -i

This option matches only wholewords.

grep -w

The -l option lists only the files

in which matches were found, butnot the matching lines.

grep -l

The -r (recursive) optionsearches files in the currentworking directory and allsubdirectories belowit.

grep -r

The -n option lists the matching

lines, together with line numbers.grep n

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vi (visual) vi is a display-oriented texteditor based on an underlyingline editor. When using vi,changes we make to the fileare reflected in what we see on

our screen.

vioptions filename

By using this we come out oftext mode and enter intocommand mode.

ESC

1. Commands for Saving Work

/ Editing

write file under original name :w

write file under original name,exit vi

ZZ or :wq

exit vi, no changes are saved :q!

write the file underfilename :wfilename

write the file underfilename,overwrite existing file

:w!filename

write linesx throughy underfilename

:x,y wfilename

filename write linesx throughy underfilename , overwriteexisting filename

:x,y w!

2. Commands for Inserting

Text

insert before the currentcharacter

i

insert after the current

character

a

insert at end of current line A

insert at beginning of currentline

I

insert below current line(opens new line)

o

insert above current line(opens new line)

O

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end text insertion ESC

3. Commands for Replacing

Text

replace the current character rreplace the current word s

replace the current line S

4. Commands for Deleting Text

delete the current character x

delete the current line dd

delete the previous character X

5. Commands for Copying

(yank) and Pasting Text

yank current character y

yank current word yw

yank current line yy

place most recently deleted oryanked character(s) or word(s)after the current character,place line(s) below current line

p

place most recently deleted oryanked character(s) or word(s)

before the current character,place line(s) above the currentline

P