University tradition in

Trnava

Trnava, 17.1.2013

PhDr.Eva Kowalská,DrSc.Historický ústav SAV

University tradition in HungarianKingdom until 1635

Pécs, 1367-1464

Posonium/Bratislava, Universitas Istropolitana, 1465/67-1491

Johannes Pannonius,1459 Bishop of Pécs

Matthias Corvinus, Rex Hungariae

Ludovicus I Magnus,Rex Hungariae

Mixture of reasons: Universities in Vienna, Prague, Cracow

(hundreds of students from Hungary) Political situation in the region of Central Europe –

Ottomans since middle of 15th C.! 1526 – catastrophe (battle) at Mohács Reformation Waves of civil war in Hungary

Why is there a gap in the university tradition on Slovak territory?

Seal od Charles University in Prague

Seal of Vienna University

Sign of Jagellonian University in Cracow

Consolidation of education in Hungary (17th C.)

Lutherans – absence of university until 1667

(Prešov, Collegium Statuum evangelicorum superioris Hungariae – not a reall university, closed 1671)

Catholics – reconstruction of the educational system (Jesuits – Re-Catholicization through schooling)

Péter Pázmány, SJ – Archbishop of Esztergom/OstrihomConcept of educational reform: 1st step - Pázmáneum in Vienna, 2nd - Collegium Germanicum Hungaricum in Rome, 3rd - University in Trnava

4.10.1570-19.3.1637

P. Pázmány, coat of arms

The tomb of

Pázmány,

St Martins

Cathedral

Bratislava

Universitas Tyrnaviensis and the milestones of its history I

12.5.1635 – University charter, Archiepiscopalis

universitas

13.11.1635 – opening ceremony of the University

(St Nicholas Basilica), 1st rector Georgius

Dobronoki

Tenella universitatula = decent university: Faculty of letters (philosophy) + Faculty of theology only

2./16.1.1667 – Georgius

Szelepcheny, Faculty of law

(also domestic - Hungarian law!)

Faculty of Theology and Philospohy

St Nicholas Basilica

Universitas Tyrnaviensis and the milestones of its history II

7.11.1769 – Faculty of Medicine = >

COMPLETE UNIVERSITY

16.7.1769 – Royal University - under the state control: new departments (Kammeralwissenschaften),new textbooks, new subjects (natural law!), unification of the education within the whole monarchy

1773 – abolition of Jesuit order 1777 – Ratio educationis, translation of the

university to Buda/Ofen

Ratio educationis, 1777

Infrastructure of the university

St John the Baptist CathedralPrinting house 1648 (cca 5000 titels=

cca 5 mil items)Library (15 000 items in 1777) and

archiveTheatre

Observatory founded by Maximilian Hell (NOT a professor!)

Botanical gardenApotheca

Dormitories, convicts, seminaries Large estates Manufactories (1709 paper, type foundry)

Professors, Students

Scientific niveau of the professors: law, history, mathematics and astronomy, medicine, philosophy...

Students (problem with relevant sources): Number ? – absence of evidence from various yearsNationality ? – diversity, nationality not clearly definedSocial status ? – majority of nobles and burghers

Student´s life: Everyday life City vs. University (1726!)

Poetic apotheosis of the University (1701)

Apotheosis of the

University, 18th C.

Georgius Pray István Katona

Student statistics

Hungarian counties with the highest number of students at the Trnava University

Number of students (all together 4315 with the titel – Bc, Mag, Dr)

County 1635–1711 1712–1777 1635–1777 Nitra 336 378 = 714 Bratislava 252 300 = 552 Trenčín 140 219 = 359 Tekov 77 117 = 194 Vas 53 95 = 148 Sopron 51 96 = 147 Heves 52 50 = 102

Social status: evidence available for 56 per cent of all students, of them

aristocrats: 3,7 per cent

nobels: 81,0 per cent

rest: burghers, serfs

Source: NOVÁKOVÁ, Veronika: Vzdelávanie šľachty Bratislavskej stolice na domácich a zahraničných univerzitách, vysokých školách a vyšších vzdelávacích inštitúciách od 16.storočia do roku 1848. In M.Kovačka, E.Augustínová, M.Mačuha, Zemianstvo na Slovensku v novoveku II, Martin 2010, p. 66.

Higher education in Trnava after 1777

Royal academy („semi-university“) 1777-1784, then moved to Bratislava

* * *

1959/60 The Insitute of Pedagogy, transformed 1.9.1964 into Faculty of Pedagogy of Comenius University

1.1.1986 The Faculty of Engineering and Technology of Slovak University of Technology => 1991 Faculty of Material Science and Technology of Slovak University of Technology

1992 The Trnava University

1997 The University of Ss Cyrill and Methodius

University tradition in Trnava

Thanks a lot for your attention !

(and invitation, Mr Ing. Milan Petráš, PhD. )

Tip for reading (in Slovak, however):http://fff.truni.sk/userdata/publications/lopatkova_skriptum.pdf