University Of TripoliFaculty Of Pharmacy

Department Of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy

Selenium effect on infertility induced by formaldehyde using male albino

mice

Suhera M. Aburawi1, Habiba A. El jaafari2, Soad A. Treesh3, Abdulssalam M. Abu-Aisha1, Faisal S. Alwaer1, Reda A. Eltubuly1, Medeha

Elghedamsi1

1, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; 2, Zoology

Department, Science Faculty; 3, Department of Histology and medical genetics, Faculty of

Medicine - University of Tripoli

Male InfertilityMeans that men are not able to conceive a

child even through they have had frequent.Male Infertility is due to low sperm

production, misshapen or immobile sperm or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm (McPhee et al., 2012).

is the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve pregnancy in one year (WHO, 2000).

Infertility is a source of psychological, and sometimes social, stress on parents who desire to have children.

Male Reproductive Toxicity of Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde is an important precursor to many other materials and chemical compounds (Reuss et al., 2002).

The medical uses of formaldehyde are limited, but focused especially on laboratory use (Zahra, 2007).

High dose of formaldehyde resulted in pathological changes in the seminiferous tubules ( STs ) of adult rats and mice (Tang et al., 2003 ).

Selenium

is an essential trace mineral element for human and animals. Is found in soil, rocks and consequently may then accumulate in plants (Yang and Zhou, 1994).

naturally present in some foods, such as : Fish, Shellfish, Red meat, Offal, Chicken, Liver, Garlic, Eggs, Brazil Nuts and Grains (Escott-Stump, 2008).

plays an important role in a number of biological processes (Combs and Combs, 1986).

act by trapping free oxygen radicals and scavenging and converting free radicals into stable compounds (Sieja and Talerezyk, 2004).

is present in selenoenzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, which indirectly reduce certain oxidized molecules and protect DNA and other cellular components from oxidative damage (Valko, et al., 2006).

is essential for sperm function and male fertility. Selenium deficiency has been linked to reproductive problems in rats, mice, chickens, pigs, sheep, and cattle (Combs and

Combs, 1986).

Goal of the work

To investigate the effect of selenium on male infertility induced by formaldehyde using

male albino mice

Treatment groupsN = 8 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6

Group I Water for injection (5ml/day)

Water for injection (5ml/day)

Water for injection (5ml/day)

Water for injection (5ml/day)

Water for injection (5ml/day)

Scoring

Group II Selenium100μg/kg

Selenium100μg/kg

Selenium100μg/kg

Selenium100μg/kg

Selenium100μg/kg

Scoring

Group III

(Peng et al., 2006)

Formaldehyde30 mg/kg

Formaldehyde30 mg/kg

Formaldehyde30 mg/kg

Formaldehyde30 mg/kg

Formaldehyde30 mg/kg

Scoring

Group IV (prophylaxis)

Formaldehyde+ Selenium

Formaldehyde+ Selenium

Formaldehyde+ Selenium

Formaldehyde+ Selenium

Formaldehyde+ Selenium

Scoring

Group V( curative) Formaldehyde Formaldehyde Formaldehyde Formaldehyde Formaldehyde Selenium

Selenium Selenium Selenium Selenium Selenium Scoring

Design of the workSelenium effect on infertility induced by formaldehyde using

male albino mice

Sperm Counting

Counting of mice sperm is done by Hematocytometer slide.

Results and Discussion

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*, Significantly different compared to formaldhyde at p≤0.05a, Significantly different compared to selenium+formaldhyde (prophylaxis) at p≤0.05

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Formaldehyde

In formaldehyde reproductive toxicity, there were more male than female exposure studies.

This may be because effects on male reproduction are more readily observable and require fewer invasive procedures (Duong et al., 2011).

Formaldehyde significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (Shi et al., 2012).

Reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative damage resulting from formaldehyde exposure has been detected in reproductive tissues (Im et al., 2006).

Formaldehyde is genotoxic, inducing:• Chromosomal aberrations (Natarajan et al., 1983). • DNA breakage (Wang et al., 2006a).• DNA-protein crosslinks (Peng et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2006c).• Mediated aberrant DNA methylation

which has been associated with male gametogenic defects (Navarro-Costa et al., 2010).

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) are involved in the maturation of spermatogenic cells, testis and spermatozoa and with energy metabolism of spermatozoa.• Formaldehyde decrease the activity of

SDH in mice testicular (Xie et al., 2003). • SDH activity was positively correlated

with sperm cell counts, and negatively correlated with the abnormal rate of sperm heads (Tang et al., 2003).

Formaldehyde exposure decreased serum testosterone levels were in male mice and rats (Chowdhury et al., 1992; Ozen et al., 2005; Zhou et al., 2006), to leading to disruption of male reproductive function.

Formaldehyde treatment activates necrosis factor-κB (NF-κB) (Shi et al., 2012).

Selenium

There is significant positive correlations in selenium concentration between different reproductive organs, (Oldereid et al., 1998)• Testis having the highest concentrations.

In selenium-deficient rats, flagellar disorganization during spermiogenesis and post-testicular sperm development were observed. • loss of male fertility in selenium deficiency

results from the sequential development of sperm defects expressed during both spermiogenesis and maturation in the epididymis (Olson et al., 2004). 

Selenium(Shi et al., 2012)• counteracted formaldehyde-induced

oxidative stress,• ameliorated DNA–protein cross-links and • attenuated the activation of necrosis factor

–κB.

Conclusion

Formaldehyde toxicitySperm count is not changed

Percentage of motile sperm was not changed.

Unhealthy sperm was increased, while healthy sperm was decreased.

Formaldehyde produces degeneration/damage to male mice genital system.

Selenium alone produce the following compared to healthy group Sperm count is increased.Volume of seminal fluid is larger .Percentage of motile sperm is increased.

Selenium has prophylactic and curative effects against formaldehyde-induce genital system toxicity.

Future work

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References

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