Division of Natural Sciences and EngineeringDivision of Natural Sciences and Engineering

Chemical Hygiene PlanChemical Hygiene Plan

November 2016 RevisionNovember 2016 Revision

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TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS

1. FORMAL POLICY STATEMENT1. FORMAL POLICY STATEMENT................................................................................................................................................................................22

2. SUMMARY OF OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD (29 CFR 1910.1450)2. SUMMARY OF OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD (29 CFR 1910.1450)..........................................................33

3. CORRESPONDING SECTIONS OF THE STANDARD AND THIS PLAN3. CORRESPONDING SECTIONS OF THE STANDARD AND THIS PLAN..................................................................77

4. GENERAL STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR ALL CHEMICAL USE4. GENERAL STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR ALL CHEMICAL USE........................................88

5. CRITERIA FOR CONTROL MEASURES5. CRITERIA FOR CONTROL MEASURES......................................................................................................................................................1717

6. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS AND MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS AND6. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS AND MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS AND................................................................1919

EXAMINATIONSEXAMINATIONS.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1919

7. EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING7. EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING........................................................................................................................................2121

8. RECORDS AND RECORD KEEPING8. RECORDS AND RECORD KEEPING..............................................................................................................................................................2222

9. EMERGENCY AND CONTIGENCY PLAN9. EMERGENCY AND CONTIGENCY PLAN..................................................................................................................................................2323

10. CHEMICAL HYGIENE RESPONSIBILITIES10. CHEMICAL HYGIENE RESPONSIBILITIES..........................................................................................................................................2525

12. GLOSSARY12. GLOSSARY.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2727

APPENDIX AAPPENDIX A.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2929

APPENDIX BAPPENDIX B.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3030

APPENDIX CAPPENDIX C.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3131

APPENDIX DAPPENDIX D........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3232

APPENDIX EAPPENDIX E.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3333

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1. FORMAL POLICY STATEMENT1. FORMAL POLICY STATEMENT

The University of South Carolina Upstate is committed to providing a safeThe University of South Carolina Upstate is committed to providing a safe working environment, and believes employees have a right to know aboutworking environment, and believes employees have a right to know about job associated health hazards. So employees can make knowledgeablejob associated health hazards. So employees can make knowledgeable decisions about any personal risks, this Chemical Hygiene Plan includesdecisions about any personal risks, this Chemical Hygiene Plan includes policies, procedures, and responsibilities designed to foster employee awarepolicies, procedures, and responsibilities designed to foster employee aware--ness of potentially hazardous chemicals in the work place and employeeness of potentially hazardous chemicals in the work place and employee training in safe work practices; it is designed as a tool to coordinate safetytraining in safe work practices; it is designed as a tool to coordinate safety procedures.procedures.

It is imperative that employers assume responsibility for laboratory safety. ItIt is imperative that employers assume responsibility for laboratory safety. It is equally important that employees be concerned about their own safety. Allis equally important that employees be concerned about their own safety. All employees will have access to pertinent safety information through theiremployees will have access to pertinent safety information through their supervisory staff. People who work in the laborasupervisory staff. People who work in the laboratory are best able to detecttory are best able to detect potential hazards in the facility or work procedures. When safety concernspotential hazards in the facility or work procedures. When safety concerns arise, employees are encouraged to contact their supervisor.arise, employees are encouraged to contact their supervisor.

A training program has been designed for the benefit and protection of allA training program has been designed for the benefit and protection of all laboratory employees. Necessary information will be available to informlaboratory employees. Necessary information will be available to inform employees how best to handle hazardous chemicals and how to make use ofemployees how best to handle hazardous chemicals and how to make use of the applical regulations and guidelines.the applical regulations and guidelines.

Personnel Covered by this PlanPersonnel Covered by this Plan

This Chemical Hygiene Plan applies to all work involving hazardousThis Chemical Hygiene Plan applies to all work involving hazardous substances conducted in areas assigned to the Biology, Chemistry andsubstances conducted in areas assigned to the Biology, Chemistry and Physics Departments of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Division of thePhysics Departments of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Division of the University. Visitors and individuals holding appointments in other USCUniversity. Visitors and individuals holding appointments in other USC Upstate departments who plan to conduct research involving hazardousUpstate departments who plan to conduct research involving hazardous substances in laboratories of the Biology or Chemistry departments mustsubstances in laboratories of the Biology or Chemistry departments must undergo chemical hygiene training before beginning work; this training mustundergo chemical hygiene training before beginning work; this training must be documented. be documented.

Division ChairDivision Chair

The Division Chair has the responsibility and the authority to ensure theThe Division Chair has the responsibility and the authority to ensure the Chemcial Hygiene Plan is written, updated and implemented. In addition,Chemcial Hygiene Plan is written, updated and implemented. In addition, the Division Chair appoints the Chemical Hygiene Officer, and has finalthe Division Chair appoints the Chemical Hygiene Officer, and has final responsibility for the safety and health of the employees, visitors, studentsresponsibility for the safety and health of the employees, visitors, students and other personnel conducting work within the Division.and other personnel conducting work within the Division.

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DIVISION CHAIRDIVISION CHAIR:: Dr. Jeannie Chapman Dr. Jeannie ChapmanOffice: 215 Smith BuildingOffice: 215 Smith Building Phone 503-5768 Phone 503-5768

Chemical Hygiene OfficerChemical Hygiene Officer

Designated employee who is qualified by training or experience to provideDesignated employee who is qualified by training or experience to provide technical guidance in the development and the implementation of thetechnical guidance in the development and the implementation of the Chemical Hygiene Plan. Chemical Hygiene Plan.

CHEMICAL HYGIENE OFFICERCHEMICAL HYGIENE OFFICER:: Laura Walker Laura WalkerOffice: Room 225, Smith Bldg.Office: Room 225, Smith Bldg. Phone 503-5921 Phone 503-5921

2. SUMMARY OF OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD (29 CFR 1910.1450)2. SUMMARY OF OSHA LABORATORY STANDARD (29 CFR 1910.1450)

A. Scope and ApplicationA. Scope and Application

1. Appies to all employers whose laboratories use or store hazardous1. Appies to all employers whose laboratories use or store hazardous chemicals.chemicals.2. For laboratories, supercedes all other provisions of 29 CFR 1910, Subpart2. For laboratories, supercedes all other provisions of 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z excepting permissible exposure limits (PEL).Z excepting permissible exposure limits (PEL).3. Does not apply to activities that do not fit the term "laboratory scale".3. Does not apply to activities that do not fit the term "laboratory scale".

B. Laboratory Standard ApplicationB. Laboratory Standard Application

For laboratories, this section applies, and supersedes, the requirements of allFor laboratories, this section applies, and supersedes, the requirements of all other OSHA health standards in 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z, with theother OSHA health standards in 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z, with the following exceptions: following exceptions:

1. For any OSHA health standard, only the requirement to limit employee1. For any OSHA health standard, only the requirement to limit employee exposure to specific permissible exposure limits (PELs) shall apply forexposure to specific permissible exposure limits (PELs) shall apply for laboratorieslaboratories

2. Prohibition of eye and skin contact where specified by any OSHA health2. Prohibition of eye and skin contact where specified by any OSHA health standard shall be observedstandard shall be observed

3. The monitoring and medical surveillance of the standard applies where the3. The monitoring and medical surveillance of the standard applies where the action level or the PEL is routinely exceeded for any OSHA regulatedaction level or the PEL is routinely exceeded for any OSHA regulated substance.substance.

C. Employee Exposure DeterminationC. Employee Exposure Determination

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1. Initial monitoring 1. Initial monitoring -- OSHA requires employee exposure monitoring if there OSHA requires employee exposure monitoring if there is reason to believe that exposure levels to any substance regulated by ais reason to believe that exposure levels to any substance regulated by a standard exceed the PEL or action level.standard exceed the PEL or action level.

2. Periodic monitoring 2. Periodic monitoring -- If initial monitoring indicates employee exposure If initial monitoring indicates employee exposure above the PEL or action level the employer shall immediately comply withabove the PEL or action level the employer shall immediately comply with the monitoring provithe monitoring provision of the relevant standard.sion of the relevant standard.

3. Termination of monitoring 3. Termination of monitoring -- the employer may terminate monitoring in the employer may terminate monitoring in accordance with the relevant standard.accordance with the relevant standard.

4. The employee must be notified in writing of the results of the monitoring4. The employee must be notified in writing of the results of the monitoring within 15 days of the their receipt by the employer and indicate suchwithin 15 days of the their receipt by the employer and indicate such notification via dated signature.notification via dated signature.

D. Chemical Hygiene PlanD. Chemical Hygiene Plan

1. Where hazardous chemicals are used, the employer shall develop and1. Where hazardous chemicals are used, the employer shall develop and carry out the provisions of a chemical hygiene plan that :carry out the provisions of a chemical hygiene plan that :

a. specifically addresses protecting employees from potential healtha. specifically addresses protecting employees from potential health risks associated with risks associated with hazardous chemicals in the laboratory hazardous chemicals in the laboratory

b. specifies keeping exposure below the action level or PEL.b. specifies keeping exposure below the action level or PEL.

2. The Chemical Hygiene Plan must be readily accessible to employees.2. The Chemical Hygiene Plan must be readily accessible to employees. Employees are required to acknowledge the location of the plan via datedEmployees are required to acknowledge the location of the plan via dated signature.signature.

3. The Chemical Hygiene Plan shall contain each of the following elements3. The Chemical Hygiene Plan shall contain each of the following elements and indicate specific measures the employer will take to ensure laboratoryand indicate specific measures the employer will take to ensure laboratory employee protection:employee protection:

a. standard operating proceduresrelevant to safety and healtha. standard operating proceduresrelevant to safety and healthb. preventive measures designed to reduce employee exposure tob. preventive measures designed to reduce employee exposure to

hazardous chemicalshazardous chemicalsc. a requirement that fume hoods and other protective equipment arec. a requirement that fume hoods and other protective equipment are

functioning functioning properly and actions to be taken to ensure proper and adequateproperly and actions to be taken to ensure proper and adequate performanceperformance

d. provisions for employee training and informationd. provisions for employee training and informatione. circumstances requiring prior approval from the employer beforee. circumstances requiring prior approval from the employer before

implementationimplementationf. provisions for medical consultation and examinationf. provisions for medical consultation and examinationg. designation of personnel responsible for implementation of theg. designation of personnel responsible for implementation of the

Chemical Hygiene Chemical Hygiene PlanPlanh. provisions for additional protection for employees working withh. provisions for additional protection for employees working with particularly hazardparticularly hazardous substances including: select carcinogens,ous substances including: select carcinogens, reproductive toxins or substances with high degree of acute toxicity.reproductive toxins or substances with high degree of acute toxicity.

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i. specific consideration shall be given to the following provisionsi. specific consideration shall be given to the following provisions which shall be inwhich shall be in cluded where appropriate: cluded where appropriate:

establishment of designated areasestablishment of designated areas use of containment devices such as fume hoods oruse of containment devices such as fume hoods or

glove boxesglove boxes procedures for safe removal of contaminated waste;procedures for safe removal of contaminated waste; decontamination proceduresdecontamination procedures

4. The employer or a duly appointed agent shall review and update the plan4. The employer or a duly appointed agent shall review and update the plan on an annual basis.on an annual basis.

E. Employee Information and TrainingE. Employee Information and Training

1. The employer shall provide employees with information and training to1. The employer shall provide employees with information and training to ensure that they are informed of the chemical hazards in their work area.ensure that they are informed of the chemical hazards in their work area.

2. Such information shall be provided at the time of an employees initial2. Such information shall be provided at the time of an employees initial assignment to a work area where hazardous chemicals are present and priorassignment to a work area where hazardous chemicals are present and prior to assignments involving new exposure situations.to assignments involving new exposure situations.

3. Employees shall be informed of:3. Employees shall be informed of:

a. the content of the OSHA Lab Standard (29CFR 1910.1450)a. the content of the OSHA Lab Standard (29CFR 1910.1450)b. the location and availability of the Chemical Hygiene Plan;b. the location and availability of the Chemical Hygiene Plan;c. PELs for OSHA regulated substances or recommended exposurec. PELs for OSHA regulated substances or recommended exposure limits for other hazardous chemicals where PELs do not exist;limits for other hazardous chemicals where PELs do not exist;d. signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardousd. signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous

chemicals used in the chemicals used in the laboratory;laboratory;e. the location and availability of known reference materials includinge. the location and availability of known reference materials including Safety Data SheetsSafety Data Sheets

4. Employee training shall include: 4. Employee training shall include:

a. methods and observations to detect the presence or release of aa. methods and observations to detect the presence or release of a hazardous hazardous chemical;chemical;

b. physical and health hazards of chemicals in the laboratory;b. physical and health hazards of chemicals in the laboratory;c. procedures to protect employees from these hazards, includingc. procedures to protect employees from these hazards, including

specific procedures specific procedures such as appropriate work practices, emergencysuch as appropriate work practices, emergency protocols, and personal protective protocols, and personal protective equipment to be used.equipment to be used.

The employee shall be trained on the applicable details of the employer'sThe employee shall be trained on the applicable details of the employer's written Chemical Hygiene Plan.written Chemical Hygiene Plan.

F. Medical Consultation and Medical ExaminationsF. Medical Consultation and Medical Examinations

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1. The employer shall provide all employees who work with hazardous1. The employer shall provide all employees who work with hazardous chemicals an opportunity to receive medical attention under the followingchemicals an opportunity to receive medical attention under the following circumstances:circumstances:

a. whenever the employee develops signs and/or symptoms associateda. whenever the employee develops signs and/or symptoms associated with hazardous with hazardous chemicals resulting from possible exposurechemicals resulting from possible exposure

b. whenever routine monitoring reveals an exposure above theb. whenever routine monitoring reveals an exposure above the permissable exposure limit (PEL)permissable exposure limit (PEL)c. whenever an event transpires in the work area such as a spill, leak,c. whenever an event transpires in the work area such as a spill, leak,

explosion or other explosion or other occurrence resulting in a probable hazardousoccurrence resulting in a probable hazardous exposure.exposure.

2. All medical examinations and consultations shall be performed by a2. All medical examinations and consultations shall be performed by a licensed physician or under his/her direct supervision.licensed physician or under his/her direct supervision.

3. The employer shall provide the following information to the physician:3. The employer shall provide the following information to the physician:

a. the identity of the hazardous chemical(s) to which the employeea. the identity of the hazardous chemical(s) to which the employee may have been may have been exposedexposed

b. a description of the signs and symptoms the employee isb. a description of the signs and symptoms the employee is experiencing.experiencing.

4. Physicians written opinion must include:4. Physicians written opinion must include:

a. any recommendation for further medical followa. any recommendation for further medical follow--upupb. the results of the examination and any associated testsb. the results of the examination and any associated testsc. any medical condition revealed in the course of the examinationc. any medical condition revealed in the course of the examination

which may place which may place the employee at increased riskthe employee at increased riskd. a statement that the employee has been informed by the physiciand. a statement that the employee has been informed by the physician

of the of the examination results and any medical condition requiring furtherexamination results and any medical condition requiring further examination or examination or treatment.treatment.

The written opinion The written opinion shall notshall not reveal findings unrelated to occupational reveal findings unrelated to occupational exposure.exposure.

G. Hazard IdentificationG. Hazard Identification

1. With respect to labels andSafety Data Sheets:1. With respect to labels andSafety Data Sheets:a. employers shall ensure that labels on incoming hazardousa. employers shall ensure that labels on incoming hazardous chemicals are not rechemicals are not removed or defaced and that labels reflect themoved or defaced and that labels reflect the actual contents of the container(s)actual contents of the container(s)b. employers shall maintain an active inventory of SDSs for chemicalsb. employers shall maintain an active inventory of SDSs for chemicals in inventory and make them readily available to employees uponin inventory and make them readily available to employees upon request. request.

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2. The following provisions shall apply to chemical substances developed in 2. The following provisions shall apply to chemical substances developed in the laboratory:the laboratory:

a. if a chemical substance produced for the laboratory use is known toa. if a chemical substance produced for the laboratory use is known to be hazardous, be hazardous, the employers shall supply the appropriate training.the employers shall supply the appropriate training.

b. when chemical byb. when chemical by--products are produced with unknownproducts are produced with unknown composition, the employer assumes that such by-products arecomposition, the employer assumes that such by-products are hazardous and implements the Chemical Hygiene Plan.hazardous and implements the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

c. if a chemical is produced for another user outside of the laboratory,c. if a chemical is produced for another user outside of the laboratory, the employer shall comply with the Hazard Communication Standardthe employer shall comply with the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.100) including the requirements for the preparation of(29 CFR 1910.100) including the requirements for the preparation of Safety Data Sheet and labeling.Safety Data Sheet and labeling.

H. Use of RespiratorsH. Use of Respirators

It is USC Upstate’s goal to control respiratory hazards at their point ofIt is USC Upstate’s goal to control respiratory hazards at their point of generation by using engineering controls and good work practices. Ingeneration by using engineering controls and good work practices. In keeping with this goal, the use of respirators as the primary means ofkeeping with this goal, the use of respirators as the primary means of protecting employees from airborne hazards is considered acceptable only inprotecting employees from airborne hazards is considered acceptable only in very specific situations. The following rules must be followed when usingvery specific situations. The following rules must be followed when using respirators.respirators.

1. Before anyone can wear a respirator, the conditions of the OSHA1. Before anyone can wear a respirator, the conditions of the OSHA Standard on Standard on Respiratory Protection (29 CFR 1910.134-135) must be metRespiratory Protection (29 CFR 1910.134-135) must be met as discussed below with as discussed below with respect to medical approval, training and fitrespect to medical approval, training and fit testing.testing.

2. Federal regulations require a medical evaluation of all personnel2. Federal regulations require a medical evaluation of all personnel intending to useintending to use

a respirator. After examination, the physician will issue a “respirator-a respirator. After examination, the physician will issue a “respirator-user permit.”user permit.”

I. Laboratory HoodsI. Laboratory Hoods

Local exhaust ventilation is the primary method used to control inhalationLocal exhaust ventilation is the primary method used to control inhalation exposures to hazardous substances. The laboratory hood is the mostexposures to hazardous substances. The laboratory hood is the most common local exhaust method used in the Biology and Chemistrycommon local exhaust method used in the Biology and Chemistry Laboratories. Other types of local exhaust include vented enclosures forLaboratories. Other types of local exhaust include vented enclosures for large pieces of equipment or chemical storage, and snorkel types of exhaustlarge pieces of equipment or chemical storage, and snorkel types of exhaust for capturing contaminants near the point of release. Local exhaust systemsfor capturing contaminants near the point of release. Local exhaust systems consist of some type of hood, duct work and fan located on the roof. Someconsist of some type of hood, duct work and fan located on the roof. Some systems are equipped with air cleaning devices (HEPA filters or carbonsystems are equipped with air cleaning devices (HEPA filters or carbon absorbers). In most cases individual fans ventilate each hood.absorbers). In most cases individual fans ventilate each hood.

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It is advisable to use a laboratory hood when working with any hazardousIt is advisable to use a laboratory hood when working with any hazardous substance. substance. In addition a laboratory hood or other suitable containmentIn addition a laboratory hood or other suitable containment device must be used for all work with “particularly hazardous substances.” Adevice must be used for all work with “particularly hazardous substances.” A properly operating and correctly used laboratory hood can control the vaporsproperly operating and correctly used laboratory hood can control the vapors released from volatile substances as well as dust and mists. released from volatile substances as well as dust and mists. Hood flow mustHood flow must be checked annually, linear flows adjusted to established limits if requiredbe checked annually, linear flows adjusted to established limits if required and the inspection process documented.and the inspection process documented.

J. Record KeepingJ. Record Keeping

1. For each employee, USC Upstate will establish and maintain an accurate1. For each employee, USC Upstate will establish and maintain an accurate record of exposure measurements as well as any medicalrecord of exposure measurements as well as any medical consultations/examinations including tests or written opinions required byconsultations/examinations including tests or written opinions required by this standard.this standard.

2. USC Upstate will assure that such records are kept, transferred, and made2. USC Upstate will assure that such records are kept, transferred, and made available to employees in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20.available to employees in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20.

3. CORRESPONDING SECTIONS OF THE STANDARD AND THIS PLAN3. CORRESPONDING SECTIONS OF THE STANDARD AND THIS PLAN

The following table indicates those sections of this plan which are mostThe following table indicates those sections of this plan which are most pertinent to each of the sections in paragraph (e) and related paragraphs inpertinent to each of the sections in paragraph (e) and related paragraphs in the Laboratory Standard.the Laboratory Standard.

Paragraph and Topic in Lab StandardParagraph and Topic in Lab Standard RelevantRelevant Section of the Hygiene PlSection of the Hygiene Pl anan

(e)(3)(i) Standard operating procedures (e)(3)(i) Standard operating procedures Section 4Section 4 for handling toxic chemicals. for handling toxic chemicals.

(e)(3)(ii) Criteria to be used for imple (e)(3)(ii) Criteria to be used for imple-- mentation of measures to reduce mentation of measures to reduce Sections 4.3 & 5 Sections 4.3 & 5 exposures. exposures. (e)(3)(iii) Fume hood performance(e)(3)(iii) Fume hood performance Section 4.2.1 Section 4.2.1 (e)(3)(iv) Employee information and (e)(3)(iv) Employee information and Section 7 Section 7 training (including emergency training (including emergency procedures). procedures). (e)(3)(v) Requirements for prior approval (e)(3)(v) Requirements for prior approval Section 4.1.9Section 4.1.9 of laboratory activities. of laboratory activities.

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(e)(3)(vi) Medical consultation and medical (e)(3)(vi) Medical consultation and medical Section 6Section 6 examinations. examinations. (e)(3)(vii) Chemical hygiene responsibilities (e)(3)(vii) Chemical hygiene responsibilities Section 10Section 10 (e)(3)(viii) Special precautions for work with (e)(3)(viii) Special precautions for work with Section 4.3 Section 4.3 particularly hazardous substances. particularly hazardous substances.

4. GENERAL STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR ALL CHEMICAL USE4. GENERAL STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR ALL CHEMICAL USE

The general standard operating procedures are fundamental safetyThe general standard operating procedures are fundamental safety precautions with which all employees and students who work in theprecautions with which all employees and students who work in the Univesity’s Laboratories should be familiar. These pracUnivesity’s Laboratories should be familiar. These practices should betices should be followed at all times.followed at all times.

4.1 Safety Procedures4.1 Safety Procedures

4.1.1 General Rules4.1.1 General Rules

Awareness is the most fundamental rule of chemical safety; all laboratoryAwareness is the most fundamental rule of chemical safety; all laboratory workers should remain constantly aware of:workers should remain constantly aware of:

a. the chemical's hazards as determined from theSDS and other appropriatea. the chemical's hazards as determined from theSDS and other appropriate referreferencesencesb. appropriate safeguards for using that chemical, including personalb. appropriate safeguards for using that chemical, including personal protective equipprotective equipmentmentc. location and proper use of emergency equipmentc. location and proper use of emergency equipmentd. how and where to properly store chemicals when not in used. how and where to properly store chemicals when not in usee. proper personal hygiene practicese. proper personal hygiene practicesf. the proper methods of transporting chemicals within the facilityf. the proper methods of transporting chemicals within the facilityg. appropriate procedures for emergencies, including evacuation routes,g. appropriate procedures for emergencies, including evacuation routes, spill cleanup procedures and proper waste disposalspill cleanup procedures and proper waste disposalh. unsafe conditions and measures to correct them.h. unsafe conditions and measures to correct them. STUDENTS AND PAID ASSISTANTS WORKING IN LABS UNSUPERVISEDSTUDENTS AND PAID ASSISTANTS WORKING IN LABS UNSUPERVISEDThe safest situation for students, paid assistants and volunteers is toThe safest situation for students, paid assistants and volunteers is to complete their work during normal business hours when direct supervision iscomplete their work during normal business hours when direct supervision is present. If students, paid assistants and/or volunteers need to conductpresent. If students, paid assistants and/or volunteers need to conduct laboratory work after hours they must get written permisssion from theirlaboratory work after hours they must get written permisssion from their instructor or supervisor. instructor or supervisor.

No one will work in a laboratory alone. At least one other faculty or staffNo one will work in a laboratory alone. At least one other faculty or staff member shall be available at all times. member shall be available at all times. AT NO TIME AT NO TIME should experiments ofshould experiments of an uncertain nature or those involving very hazardous chemicals bean uncertain nature or those involving very hazardous chemicals be conducted by a solitary worker in a common area. All paid assistants andconducted by a solitary worker in a common area. All paid assistants and

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volunteer assistants must undergo documented laboratory safety trainingvolunteer assistants must undergo documented laboratory safety training within two to three weeks of starting work.within two to three weeks of starting work.

4.1.2 Chemical Storage 4.1.2 Chemical Storage

All chemicals used in or purchased for laboratories must be properly stored;All chemicals used in or purchased for laboratories must be properly stored; the following storage guidelines apply:the following storage guidelines apply:

a. Quantities of stored chemicals should be kept to a practical minimum.a. Quantities of stored chemicals should be kept to a practical minimum.b. Chemicals should not be stored in a hood as they can interfere with properb. Chemicals should not be stored in a hood as they can interfere with proper movement of air through the hood.movement of air through the hood.c. Storage on bench tops and carts should be avoided as such a practicec. Storage on bench tops and carts should be avoided as such a practice increases the risk of increases the risk of personnel exposure, fire and/ or spills.personnel exposure, fire and/ or spills.d. Stored chemicals should be examined periodically (at least annually) ford. Stored chemicals should be examined periodically (at least annually) for deterioration, leaks, corroded caps, illegible or worn labels, and over-deterioration, leaks, corroded caps, illegible or worn labels, and over-extended shelf life; any chemiextended shelf life; any chemicals with these problems should be disposed ofcals with these problems should be disposed of in sthe annual lab packin sthe annual lab packe. Incompatible chemicals should not be stored together.e. Incompatible chemicals should not be stored together.f. All chemicals should be marked with a receiving and opening date.f. All chemicals should be marked with a receiving and opening date.g. Cylinders of compressed gases should be stored in an upright position andg. Cylinders of compressed gases should be stored in an upright position and secured with beltssecured with beltsh. Flammable chemicals should be stored in approved safety containers or inh. Flammable chemicals should be stored in approved safety containers or in firefire--resistant, properly ventilated storage cabinets away from ignitionresistant, properly ventilated storage cabinets away from ignition sources. Only explosion proof refrigerators should be used to storesources. Only explosion proof refrigerators should be used to store flammable materials.flammable materials.i. All corrosive chemicals should be kept in cabinets especially designed toi. All corrosive chemicals should be kept in cabinets especially designed to hold them; care must be taken to separate acids from bases by distance orhold them; care must be taken to separate acids from bases by distance or barrier.barrier.

4.1.3 Chemical Inventory and Hazard Identification4.1.3 Chemical Inventory and Hazard Identification

a. Centralcal chemical inventories are maintained for both Biology anda. Centralcal chemical inventories are maintained for both Biology and Chemistry and are updated annuallyChemistry and are updated annuallyb. Inventories are computerized whenever possible and located in eachb. Inventories are computerized whenever possible and located in each laboratory and in the office of University Police.laboratory and in the office of University Police.c. A SDS must be maintained for every hazardous chemical in the laboratory.c. A SDS must be maintained for every hazardous chemical in the laboratory. SDSs will be available to personnel and students. Hazard and precautionarySDSs will be available to personnel and students. Hazard and precautionary informainformation from SDSs should be incorporated as part of all laboratorytion from SDSs should be incorporated as part of all laboratory procedures. All SDS for NSE can be found online on the lab manager’ websiteprocedures. All SDS for NSE can be found online on the lab manager’ website ((http://faculty.uscupstate.edu/labmanager/MSDS.htmlhttp://faculty.uscupstate.edu/labmanager/MSDS.html). ). d. Labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals are not to bed. Labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals are not to be removed or defaced.removed or defaced.

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e. For microbial hazards and safety refer to the Biosafety Manual locatedine. For microbial hazards and safety refer to the Biosafety Manual locatedin the lab manager’s office, the microbiology lab (Smith 303) or cell researchthe lab manager’s office, the microbiology lab (Smith 303) or cell research lab (Smith 322B). lab (Smith 322B). f. Radiation hazards include UV lamps, lasers, and radioactive chemicals.f. Radiation hazards include UV lamps, lasers, and radioactive chemicals. Refer to the Radiation safety manual which is located in Smith 403 as well asRefer to the Radiation safety manual which is located in Smith 403 as well as on the lab manager websiteon the lab manager website http://faculty.uscupstate.edu/labmanager/MSDS.htmlhttp://faculty.uscupstate.edu/labmanager/MSDS.html . .

4.1.4 Laboratory Protocol4.1.4 Laboratory Protocol

a. Only personnel, students, or visitors with specific laboratory businessa. Only personnel, students, or visitors with specific laboratory business should be admitted into the laboratoriesshould be admitted into the laboratoriesb. Each individual working in the laboratory should be informed about safetyb. Each individual working in the laboratory should be informed about safety in connectionwith work performed in that particular laboratory.in connectionwith work performed in that particular laboratory.c. All support personnel (maintenance, housekeeping, etc.) should bec. All support personnel (maintenance, housekeeping, etc.) should be informed of potential hazards associated with that laboratory. Supportinformed of potential hazards associated with that laboratory. Support personnel or Custodians should not clean up chemical spills.personnel or Custodians should not clean up chemical spills.d. Practical jokes or other behavior which might confuse, startle or distractd. Practical jokes or other behavior which might confuse, startle or distract another worker are strictly prohibitedanother worker are strictly prohibitede. When leaving operations unattended, leave lights on, place an appropriatee. When leaving operations unattended, leave lights on, place an appropriate sign on the door, and provide containment for toxic substances in the eventsign on the door, and provide containment for toxic substances in the event of failure of a utility service (such as cooling water).of failure of a utility service (such as cooling water).f. Students working with hazardous substances will not be allowed to workf. Students working with hazardous substances will not be allowed to work alone or unsupervised. A student needing to use a computer in a laboratoryalone or unsupervised. A student needing to use a computer in a laboratory or record test results, work not involving hazardous substances, may do soor record test results, work not involving hazardous substances, may do so without direct supervision.without direct supervision.

4.1.5 Personal Hygiene4.1.5 Personal Hygiene

Personal hygiene is an important factor in chemical hygiene. To have anPersonal hygiene is an important factor in chemical hygiene. To have an effect on a person, a toxic chemical must gain entry into the body. There areeffect on a person, a toxic chemical must gain entry into the body. There are four routes of entry of a chemical into the body: inhalation, ingestion,four routes of entry of a chemical into the body: inhalation, ingestion, injection, and skin or eye contact. Proper protection can eliminate ainjection, and skin or eye contact. Proper protection can eliminate a chemical's ability to do harm. Personal hygiene practices include:chemical's ability to do harm. Personal hygiene practices include:

a. Promptly washing skin exposed to any chemical with water for a minimuma. Promptly washing skin exposed to any chemical with water for a minimum of 15 minutes.of 15 minutes.b. Wearing appropriate eye protection at all times. Eye protection isb. Wearing appropriate eye protection at all times. Eye protection is required for all personnel, students, and visitors present in locations whererequired for all personnel, students, and visitors present in locations where chemicals are stored or handled. Wearing of contact lenses in the laboratorychemicals are stored or handled. Wearing of contact lenses in the laboratory is generally forbidden. Gases and vapors can be concentrated under theseis generally forbidden. Gases and vapors can be concentrated under these lenses and cause permanent eye damage. Furthermore, in the event of alenses and cause permanent eye damage. Furthermore, in the event of a chemical splash into the eye, it is often nearly impossible to remove thechemical splash into the eye, it is often nearly impossible to remove the contact lens to irrigate the eye because of involuntary spasm of the eyecontact lens to irrigate the eye because of involuntary spasm of the eye lid. Iflid. If

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the use of contact lenses is required for therapeutic reasons, the laboratorythe use of contact lenses is required for therapeutic reasons, the laboratory ininstructor should be notified and fitted goggles must be worn.structor should be notified and fitted goggles must be worn.c. Avoiding inhalation of chemicals; do not "sniff" to test chemicals.c. Avoiding inhalation of chemicals; do not "sniff" to test chemicals.d. Never pipetting by mouth; always using a pipette aid or suction bulb.d. Never pipetting by mouth; always using a pipette aid or suction bulb.e. Washing hands well with soap and water before leaving the laboratorye. Washing hands well with soap and water before leaving the laboratory even if gloves have been worn.even if gloves have been worn.f. Washing separately from personal laundry, lab coats or jackets upon whichf. Washing separately from personal laundry, lab coats or jackets upon which chemicals have been spilled.chemicals have been spilled.g. Refraining from eating, drinkomg, chewing gum, smoking, or applyingg. Refraining from eating, drinkomg, chewing gum, smoking, or applying cosmetics in chemical areas.cosmetics in chemical areas.h. Not bringing food, beverages or tobacco products into lab, chemicalh. Not bringing food, beverages or tobacco products into lab, chemical storage or use areas. Laboratory refrigerators, ice machines, ice chests andstorage or use areas. Laboratory refrigerators, ice machines, ice chests and glassware must not be used for storing or serving foods and beverages.glassware must not be used for storing or serving foods and beverages.

4.1.6 Protective Clothing and Equipment4.1.6 Protective Clothing and Equipment

Personal protective equipment is provided by the university to employeesPersonal protective equipment is provided by the university to employees when and where necessary. when and where necessary. Normal clothing should be worn to protect skin surfaces from direct contactNormal clothing should be worn to protect skin surfaces from direct contact through splashing. through splashing. Laboratory workers should avoid wearing short sleeves, short pants, andLaboratory workers should avoid wearing short sleeves, short pants, and short skirts. Lab coats or aprons should be used to further minimize exposedshort skirts. Lab coats or aprons should be used to further minimize exposed skin surskin surfaces. Long hair, neckties, loose fitting clothing and dangling jewelryfaces. Long hair, neckties, loose fitting clothing and dangling jewelry must be conmust be constrained. Lowstrained. Low--heeled shoes with fully covering uppers shouldheeled shoes with fully covering uppers should always be worn; do not wear shoes with open toes or with uppersalways be worn; do not wear shoes with open toes or with uppers constructed of woven material. Proper perconstructed of woven material. Proper personal protective equipment shouldsonal protective equipment should be worn when activities require such.be worn when activities require such.

Additional personal protective equipment includes:Additional personal protective equipment includes:eye weareye wear face shieldsface shields heat resistant glovesheat resistant gloves

lab coatslab coats apronsaprons portable safety shieldsportable safety shields nitrile glovesnitrile gloves cyrogenic glovescyrogenic gloves

The proper uses and maintenance of the equipment is discussed in SectionThe proper uses and maintenance of the equipment is discussed in Section 4.2.3 on Control Measures.4.2.3 on Control Measures.All personal protective equipment will be removed immediately upon leavingAll personal protective equipment will be removed immediately upon leaving the labothe laboratory.ratory.

4.1.7 Housekeeping4.1.7 Housekeeping

Common housekeeping practices contribute greatly towards chemicalCommon housekeeping practices contribute greatly towards chemical hygiene and safety. A clean work area is much safer than a cluttered or dirtyhygiene and safety. A clean work area is much safer than a cluttered or dirty one. Some appropriate housekeeping measures include:one. Some appropriate housekeeping measures include:

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a. Keep all aisles, hallways, and working areas clear of all chemicals,a. Keep all aisles, hallways, and working areas clear of all chemicals, equipment, carts and furniture.equipment, carts and furniture.b. Keep all work areas and especially workbenches clear of clutter andb. Keep all work areas and especially workbenches clear of clutter and obstructions.obstructions.c. All working surfaces and floors should be cleaned regularly. c. All working surfaces and floors should be cleaned regularly. d. Access to emergency equipment, showers, eye washes and exits shouldd. Access to emergency equipment, showers, eye washes and exits should never be blocked.never be blocked.e. Wastes should be kept in the proper containers and labeled properly.e. Wastes should be kept in the proper containers and labeled properly.f. The placement of any solids in laboratory sinks is strictly forbidden.f. The placement of any solids in laboratory sinks is strictly forbidden.

Laboratory staff should be aware of the needs of custodial activities. TheLaboratory staff should be aware of the needs of custodial activities. The safety of any persons in the laboratory is that laboratory's responsibility. Ifsafety of any persons in the laboratory is that laboratory's responsibility. If the laboratory has rethe laboratory has requested custodial service, that lab must then take onquested custodial service, that lab must then take on the responsibility of providing safe working conditions for these workers;the responsibility of providing safe working conditions for these workers; therefore, for safety of the custodial staff, laboratory workers should maketherefore, for safety of the custodial staff, laboratory workers should make sure that:sure that:

a. All chemicals are placed in proper storage areas by the end of each worka. All chemicals are placed in proper storage areas by the end of each work day.day.b. All chemical containers are labeled with both theidentity of the chemicalb. All chemical containers are labeled with both theidentity of the chemical and its hazards.and its hazards.c. All spills are promptly cleaned up and are properly disposed of.c. All spills are promptly cleaned up and are properly disposed of.d. No chemicals are stored in aisles, stairwells, on desks or workbenches, ond. No chemicals are stored in aisles, stairwells, on desks or workbenches, on floors or in hallways.floors or in hallways.e. All broken glass shall be disposed of in a separate labeled glass disposale. All broken glass shall be disposed of in a separate labeled glass disposal receptacle.receptacle.f. The University Risk Manager is responsible for the proper disposal off. The University Risk Manager is responsible for the proper disposal of infectious and chemical wastes and sharps.infectious and chemical wastes and sharps.

4.1.8 Glassware4.1.8 Glassware

Accidents involving glassware are a leading cause of laboratory injuries, andAccidents involving glassware are a leading cause of laboratory injuries, and contact with hazardous chemicals may result from such accidents.contact with hazardous chemicals may result from such accidents.

a. Handle and store laboratory glassware with care to avoid damage; do nota. Handle and store laboratory glassware with care to avoid damage; do not use damaged glassware.use damaged glassware.b. Damaged glassware should be repaired or properly packaged for disposalb. Damaged glassware should be repaired or properly packaged for disposal in designated collection sites.in designated collection sites.c. Adequate hand protection and lubrification should be used when insertingc. Adequate hand protection and lubrification should be used when inserting glass tubing or thermomeglass tubing or thermometers into rubber stoppers or corks.ters into rubber stoppers or corks.d. Shield or wrap evacuated glass apparatus to contain chemicals andd. Shield or wrap evacuated glass apparatus to contain chemicals and fragments should implosion occur.fragments should implosion occur.

4.1.9 Prior Approval4.1.9 Prior Approval

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Variations in procedures including changes in quantities or reagents may beVariations in procedures including changes in quantities or reagents may be dangerous. Students must make such alterations only with knowledge anddangerous. Students must make such alterations only with knowledge and approval of the instructor.approval of the instructor.

Any new procedures should be subjected to peer review, not only from aAny new procedures should be subjected to peer review, not only from a scientific standpoint, but also to assure that all safety considerations are inscientific standpoint, but also to assure that all safety considerations are in place prior to implementation.place prior to implementation.

4.1.10 Spills and Accidents4.1.10 Spills and Accidents

In the case of an accident or spill:In the case of an accident or spill:

a. Attend to any persons who may have been contaminated.a. Attend to any persons who may have been contaminated. Eye Contact: Promptly flush eyes with water for a prolonged period (15Eye Contact: Promptly flush eyes with water for a prolonged period (15

minutes) and get medical attention.minutes) and get medical attention. Skin Contact: Promptly flush the affected area with water for aSkin Contact: Promptly flush the affected area with water for a prolonged prolonged

period (15 minutes) and remove any contaminated clothing. Ifperiod (15 minutes) and remove any contaminated clothing. If symptoms symptoms

persist after washing, seek medical attention.persist after washing, seek medical attention. Ingestion or Injection: Seek medical attention.Ingestion or Injection: Seek medical attention. Inhalation: Get the victim to fresh air, apply artificial respiration ifInhalation: Get the victim to fresh air, apply artificial respiration if necessary, necessary,

and get medical attention.and get medical attention.b. Call University Police at ext. 7777 from a campus phone or directlyb. Call University Police at ext. 7777 from a campus phone or directly contacting emergency number503-7777; they will notify additionalcontacting emergency number503-7777; they will notify additional emergency personnel if needed. Campus police may be contacted at ext.emergency personnel if needed. Campus police may be contacted at ext. 7777 for non emergencies.7777 for non emergencies.c. Notify persons in the immediate area around the spill. Do not attempt toc. Notify persons in the immediate area around the spill. Do not attempt to clean up the spill alone.clean up the spill alone.d. If the spilled chemical is flammable, extinguish all nearby sources ofd. If the spilled chemical is flammable, extinguish all nearby sources of ignition.ignition.e. Avoid breathing vapors of the spilled material; if necessary, use ae. Avoid breathing vapors of the spilled material; if necessary, use a respirator.respirator.f. Refer to the appropriate SDS for guidelines to handle the spill.f. Refer to the appropriate SDS for guidelines to handle the spill.g. Neutralize or absorb the spilled chemical using appropriate protectiveg. Neutralize or absorb the spilled chemical using appropriate protective apparel and equipment and the proper spill cleanup material; dispose inapparel and equipment and the proper spill cleanup material; dispose in accordance with hazardous waste procedures.accordance with hazardous waste procedures.h. Spill kits consisting of neutralizing agents and absorbant materials shouldh. Spill kits consisting of neutralizing agents and absorbant materials should be readily accessible in the event of a spill.be readily accessible in the event of a spill.i. Complete an accident reporti. Complete an accident report..

For further discussions on handling emergencies in the laboratory andFor further discussions on handling emergencies in the laboratory and evacuation procedures, see Section 9.evacuation procedures, see Section 9.

When handling emergencies:When handling emergencies:

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--DO NOT DO NOT force any liquids into the mouth of an unconscious person.force any liquids into the mouth of an unconscious person.--DO NOTDO NOT handle emergencies alone especially without notifying someone handle emergencies alone especially without notifying someone that the accident has occurred. Call University Police at ext. 7777 orthat the accident has occurred. Call University Police at ext. 7777 or emergency number 503-7777.emergency number 503-7777.--DO NOTDO NOT apply medical aid procedures without some training in that area apply medical aid procedures without some training in that area (except to wash with WATER for 15 minutes and get the victim to fresh air).(except to wash with WATER for 15 minutes and get the victim to fresh air). If you are not trained in fundamental first aid, get MEDICAL direction beforeIf you are not trained in fundamental first aid, get MEDICAL direction before inducing vomiting, giving antidotes or applying "neutralizers" to the skin orinducing vomiting, giving antidotes or applying "neutralizers" to the skin or eyes of the victim. eyes of the victim. --DO NOT DO NOT linger at the accident scene if you are not one of the emergencylinger at the accident scene if you are not one of the emergency responders.responders.

4.1.11 Waste Chemicals Removal and Disposal4.1.11 Waste Chemicals Removal and Disposal

Each laboratory worker is responsible for ensuring that wastes are handledEach laboratory worker is responsible for ensuring that wastes are handled in a manner that minimizes personal hazard and recognizes the potential forin a manner that minimizes personal hazard and recognizes the potential for environmental contamination. There should be clear procedures for studentsenvironmental contamination. There should be clear procedures for students to follow in order to safely dispose of waste materials. The USC Upstateto follow in order to safely dispose of waste materials. The USC Upstate Director of Risk Management is in charge of chemical waste removal andDirector of Risk Management is in charge of chemical waste removal and disposal; the following procedures must be followed:disposal; the following procedures must be followed:

a. All hazardous waste materials must be contained in a closed shatterproofa. All hazardous waste materials must be contained in a closed shatterproof container.container.b. Each individual container must be properly b. Each individual container must be properly sealed andsealed and labeled. labeled. On theOn the label include the date waste container became full.label include the date waste container became full.c. Large quantities of the same chemical or compatible chemicals can bec. Large quantities of the same chemical or compatible chemicals can be poured into the carboys provided. If there is uncertainty about chemicalpoured into the carboys provided. If there is uncertainty about chemical compatibility, call the USC Columbia Campus Health & Safety Program Office.compatibility, call the USC Columbia Campus Health & Safety Program Office. (Telephone # 62(Telephone # 62--77--5269)5269)d.d. Wastes should not be allowed to accumulate; they should be collectedWastes should not be allowed to accumulate; they should be collected regularly for disposal. regularly for disposal. Full waste containers need to removed from theFull waste containers need to removed from the premises within 180 days of the date on the label.premises within 180 days of the date on the label.e. Do not discharge to the sewer concentrated acids or bases; highly toxic,e. Do not discharge to the sewer concentrated acids or bases; highly toxic, malodorous, or lachrymatory substances; or any substances which mightmalodorous, or lachrymatory substances; or any substances which might interfere with the biological activity of waste water treatment plants, createinterfere with the biological activity of waste water treatment plants, create fire or explosion hazards, cause strucfire or explosion hazards, cause structural damage or obstruct flow.tural damage or obstruct flow.f. Hoods should not be used as a means of disposal for volatile chemicals. f. Hoods should not be used as a means of disposal for volatile chemicals.

4.1.12 Chemical Transport within USC Upstate4.1.12 Chemical Transport within USC Upstate

The method of transport of chemicals between laboratories and storageThe method of transport of chemicals between laboratories and storage areas must reflect the potential danger posed by the specific substance. areas must reflect the potential danger posed by the specific substance.

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a. When chemicals are hand carried, they should be placed in ana. When chemicals are hand carried, they should be placed in an acidacid--carrying bucket or an outside container to protect against breakage andcarrying bucket or an outside container to protect against breakage and spillage.spillage.b. Small quantities of flammable liquids should be transported in ruggedb. Small quantities of flammable liquids should be transported in rugged pressurepressure--reresistant, nonventing containers.sistant, nonventing containers.

4.2 Control Measures and Equipment4.2 Control Measures and EquipmentChemical safety is accomplished by awareness of the chemical hazards andChemical safety is accomplished by awareness of the chemical hazards and by keeping the chemical under control through a variety of engineeredby keeping the chemical under control through a variety of engineered safeguards. Laboratory personnel should be familiar with the proper use ofsafeguards. Laboratory personnel should be familiar with the proper use of these safeguards. Laboratory inthese safeguards. Laboratory instructors should be able to detect thestructors should be able to detect the malfunction of those safeguards. All engineered controls must be properlymalfunction of those safeguards. All engineered controls must be properly maintained, inspected on a regular basis, and never overloadmaintained, inspected on a regular basis, and never overloaded beyond theired beyond their design limits. design limits.

4.2.1 Ventilation4.2.1 Ventilation

Laboratory ventilation should provide 4Laboratory ventilation should provide 4--12 room air changes per hour. This12 room air changes per hour. This gives the workers comfortable breathing air, but the flow should not begives the workers comfortable breathing air, but the flow should not be considered sufficient to prevent accumulation of chemical vapors. Workconsidered sufficient to prevent accumulation of chemical vapors. Work conducted using chemicals with low Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) or highconducted using chemicals with low Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) or high vapor pressures should be done in a fume hood. Laboratory air should bevapor pressures should be done in a fume hood. Laboratory air should be continually replaced to prevent an increase of air concentrations of toxiccontinually replaced to prevent an increase of air concentrations of toxic substances during the work day.substances during the work day.

Fume hoods should provide 90 Fume hoods should provide 90 -- 100 linear feet per minute of air flow at a 100 linear feet per minute of air flow at a sash height of 18”. Higher face velocities are wasteful of energy and createsash height of 18”. Higher face velocities are wasteful of energy and create turbulence which degrades the performturbulence which degrades the performance of the hood. Fume hoodsance of the hood. Fume hoods should be evaluated should be evaluated once a yearonce a year and when any changes are made in the and when any changes are made in the overall ventilation system. The evaluation should include a measurement ofoverall ventilation system. The evaluation should include a measurement of the velocity of the airflow at the face of the hood, a determination of thethe velocity of the airflow at the face of the hood, a determination of the uniformity of air delivery to the hood face by making a series of face velocityuniformity of air delivery to the hood face by making a series of face velocity measurements in a grid pattern, and a determination of the presence ormeasurements in a grid pattern, and a determination of the presence or absence of air turbulence at the face and within the hood. Sets ofabsence of air turbulence at the face and within the hood. Sets of measurements should be made with the hood sash fully opened and inmeasurements should be made with the hood sash fully opened and in partially closed positions. Air turbulence can be detected visually using apartially closed positions. Air turbulence can be detected visually using a smoke tube or similar device. The measuring devices, anemometers orsmoke tube or similar device. The measuring devices, anemometers or velometers, should be calibrated before use. In the measurement of air flowvelometers, should be calibrated before use. In the measurement of air flow at various points across the hood face, values may vary by +/at various points across the hood face, values may vary by +/-- 25% from the 25% from the average value. Greater variation should be corrected by adjusting theaverage value. Greater variation should be corrected by adjusting the interior hood baffle or by altering the path of the input air. Hoods must beinterior hood baffle or by altering the path of the input air. Hoods must be adequately performing in order to be used.adequately performing in order to be used.

When using a fume hood the worker should be aware that:When using a fume hood the worker should be aware that:

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a. The fume hood is a safety backup device to the condensers, traps, ora. The fume hood is a safety backup device to the condensers, traps, or other devices designed to trap and collect the flammable or toxic vapors.other devices designed to trap and collect the flammable or toxic vapors.b. Fume hood sashes should be lowered at all times except when adjustingb. Fume hood sashes should be lowered at all times except when adjusting the apparatus inside.the apparatus inside.c. The apparatus inside the hood should be kept at least 10 cm (4 inches)c. The apparatus inside the hood should be kept at least 10 cm (4 inches) back from the hood sash to prevent vapors from escaping.back from the hood sash to prevent vapors from escaping.d. Hoods are NOT storage areas.d. Hoods are NOT storage areas.e. The hood must remain on at all times when a chemical is inside the hood.e. The hood must remain on at all times when a chemical is inside the hood.f. The vent ducts and fans must be kept clean and clear of obstructions.f. The vent ducts and fans must be kept clean and clear of obstructions.g. In case of a power failure or other causes of hood failure, work in the hoodg. In case of a power failure or other causes of hood failure, work in the hood should be halted and the room vacated until the ventilation system hasshould be halted and the room vacated until the ventilation system has cleared the air.cleared the air.

4.2.2 Eyewash Fountains and Safety Showers4.2.2 Eyewash Fountains and Safety Showers

Whenever chemicals have the possibility of damaging the skin or eyes, anWhenever chemicals have the possibility of damaging the skin or eyes, an emergency supply of water must be available. Each laboratory area must beemergency supply of water must be available. Each laboratory area must be equipped with a safety shower and eyewash fountains. Emergency showersequipped with a safety shower and eyewash fountains. Emergency showers and eyewashes should be located no more than 10 seconds in time or 25and eyewashes should be located no more than 10 seconds in time or 25 feet or less in distance from the hazard. A minimum water flow of 30 gallonsfeet or less in distance from the hazard. A minimum water flow of 30 gallons per minute should be provided by emergency showers. Eyewash fountainsper minute should be provided by emergency showers. Eyewash fountains should provide a copious and gentle flow of tempered water for at least 15should provide a copious and gentle flow of tempered water for at least 15 minutes. As with any safety equipment, eyewashes and showers can only beminutes. As with any safety equipment, eyewashes and showers can only be useful if they can be used, therefore:useful if they can be used, therefore:

a. Keep all passageways to the eyewash and shower clear of any obstaclea. Keep all passageways to the eyewash and shower clear of any obstacle (even a temporarily parked chemical cart).(even a temporarily parked chemical cart).b. Safety showers and eyewash fountains should be checked for properb. Safety showers and eyewash fountains should be checked for proper functioning and water flow. Safety showers should be checked twice a yearfunctioning and water flow. Safety showers should be checked twice a year and eyewashes checked weekly. Each eyewash and shower station isand eyewashes checked weekly. Each eyewash and shower station is equipped with a tag documenting these checks which must be initialed byequipped with a tag documenting these checks which must be initialed by the inspector following inspection.Any facility that does not meet the waterthe inspector following inspection.Any facility that does not meet the water flow requirements should be repaired promptly. flow requirements should be repaired promptly. c. All eyewash fountains and safety showers should be clearly labeled.c. All eyewash fountains and safety showers should be clearly labeled.

4.2.3 Protective Apparel4.2.3 Protective Apparel

Protective clothing was briefly discussed in Section 4.1.6. Some additionalProtective clothing was briefly discussed in Section 4.1.6. Some additional information about the use of protective clothing is provided below.information about the use of protective clothing is provided below.

InspectionInspection -- Inspect all personal protective equipment before use. Keep Inspect all personal protective equipment before use. Keep equipment clean and well maintained.equipment clean and well maintained.

GlovesGloves -- Gloves should be selected on the basis of the chemical being used, Gloves should be selected on the basis of the chemical being used, the particuthe particular hazard involved, and their suitability for a particular operation.lar hazard involved, and their suitability for a particular operation. Gloves should be worn whenever direct contact with a corrosive or toxicGloves should be worn whenever direct contact with a corrosive or toxic

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chemical is possible and whenchemical is possible and whenever it is necessary to handle sharpever it is necessary to handle sharp--edgededged objects, very hot or very cold materials. Gloves used for handling toxic andobjects, very hot or very cold materials. Gloves used for handling toxic and corrosive materials should be washed before removcorrosive materials should be washed before removal and replacedal and replaced periodically.periodically.

Safety glasses, goggles and face shieldsSafety glasses, goggles and face shields -- Safety goggles must be worn Safety goggles must be worn whenever the possibility of splashing chemicals exists, when working withwhenever the possibility of splashing chemicals exists, when working with glassware under reduced or elevated pressure, and when working withglassware under reduced or elevated pressure, and when working with compressed gases. For more hazardous chemicals, corrosives, cryogenics,compressed gases. For more hazardous chemicals, corrosives, cryogenics, and hot chemicals, both face shields and goggles must be used. The gogglesand hot chemicals, both face shields and goggles must be used. The goggles protect the eyes in case a splash is from the side or beneath the shield.protect the eyes in case a splash is from the side or beneath the shield. Safety glasses may be worn in the laboratory if there is no risk of splashingSafety glasses may be worn in the laboratory if there is no risk of splashing chemicals. Safety glasses and goggles should comply with the ANSI Z87.1chemicals. Safety glasses and goggles should comply with the ANSI Z87.1 standard.standard.

Lab Coat Lab Coat -- Long sleeved coats offer the wearer minimal skin protection Long sleeved coats offer the wearer minimal skin protection against minor splashes. The lab coat should be removed immediately if itagainst minor splashes. The lab coat should be removed immediately if it becomes significantly contaminated. The lab coat should not be worn outsidebecomes significantly contaminated. The lab coat should not be worn outside of the laboratory. of the laboratory.

Lab Coat and ApronLab Coat and Apron -- Rubberized or plastic aprons provide better protection Rubberized or plastic aprons provide better protection from corrosive or irritating liquids. Aprons must be worn whenever corrosivefrom corrosive or irritating liquids. Aprons must be worn whenever corrosive chemicals are being used.chemicals are being used.

4.2.4 Fire Extinguishers4.2.4 Fire Extinguishers

All chemical laboratories should have carbon dioxide and/or dry chemical fireAll chemical laboratories should have carbon dioxide and/or dry chemical fire extinextinguishers or other types of extinguishers required by the work beingguishers or other types of extinguishers required by the work being done. Every fire extinguisher should be labeled indicating the class of fires itdone. Every fire extinguisher should be labeled indicating the class of fires it is effective against. Each laboratory worker should know the location,is effective against. Each laboratory worker should know the location, operation, and limitations of the fire extinguishers in the work area. Afteroperation, and limitations of the fire extinguishers in the work area. After use, University Police should be notified (ext. 7777) so that a report may beuse, University Police should be notified (ext. 7777) so that a report may be filed and the extinguisher recharged or replaced. The fire extinguishersfiled and the extinguisher recharged or replaced. The fire extinguishers should be inspected annually unless discharged.should be inspected annually unless discharged.

4.2.5 Respirators4.2.5 Respirators

Respirators are to be used only by properly trained and fit tested individuals.Respirators are to be used only by properly trained and fit tested individuals. Selection of the type of respirator will be made after consultation with USC Selection of the type of respirator will be made after consultation with USC EHS. Approval must be granted prior to the use any respirator and shall EHS. Approval must be granted prior to the use any respirator and shall include a medical evaluation, training and a fit test by an industrial hygienist.include a medical evaluation, training and a fit test by an industrial hygienist. All records pertaining to respiratory training must be maintained on file in All records pertaining to respiratory training must be maintained on file in the lab managers office. the lab managers office.

4.3 Special Procedures for Particularly Hazardous Substances4.3 Special Procedures for Particularly Hazardous Substances

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Particularly hazardous substances include "select carcinogens" (such asParticularly hazardous substances include "select carcinogens" (such as benzene and vinyl chloride), reproductive toxins (such as lead compoundsbenzene and vinyl chloride), reproductive toxins (such as lead compounds and organomercurials), substances which have a high degree of acuteand organomercurials), substances which have a high degree of acute toxicity (such as hydrogen cyanide), and substances of unknown toxicity.toxicity (such as hydrogen cyanide), and substances of unknown toxicity. Particularly hazardous substances that are stored or used in laboratories areParticularly hazardous substances that are stored or used in laboratories are listed in Appendix C. listed in Appendix C.

Special Procedures:Special Procedures:

a. All nona. All non--carcinogenic alternatives should be investigated.carcinogenic alternatives should be investigated.b. Any employee that handles highly toxic chemicals must be informed of theb. Any employee that handles highly toxic chemicals must be informed of the potential risk and the procedures to be followed in an emergency.potential risk and the procedures to be followed in an emergency.c. Work with carcinogens should be done with the smallest amounts possible.c. Work with carcinogens should be done with the smallest amounts possible. Purchases of the chemicals should be restricted to minimal amountsPurchases of the chemicals should be restricted to minimal amounts necessary to prevent uninternecessary to prevent uninterrupted work.rupted work.d. When handling a highly toxic chemical, the laboratory worker must firstd. When handling a highly toxic chemical, the laboratory worker must first read and follow the requirements of the SDS or other references. read and follow the requirements of the SDS or other references. e. A record of the amount of highly toxic substances being stored, used,e. A record of the amount of highly toxic substances being stored, used, dates of use, and names of persons using substances must be kept.dates of use, and names of persons using substances must be kept.f. Work with particularly hazardous substances should be performed only in af. Work with particularly hazardous substances should be performed only in a designatdesignated area such as a hood, glove box, or a portion of a laboratory. Theed area such as a hood, glove box, or a portion of a laboratory. The designated area should be clearly marked with warnings of the particulardesignated area should be clearly marked with warnings of the particular hazard.hazard.g. The designated area should be decontaminated before normal work isg. The designated area should be decontaminated before normal work is resumed there. Decontaminate glassware and equipment before removingresumed there. Decontaminate glassware and equipment before removing them from the designated area.them from the designated area.h. Waste should be decontaminated by chemical conversion wheneverh. Waste should be decontaminated by chemical conversion whenever possible. All waste (including washings from contaminated flasks) should bepossible. All waste (including washings from contaminated flasks) should be stored in closed, suitstored in closed, suitably labeled, impervious containers and transferredably labeled, impervious containers and transferred from the designated area in a secondary container. Thoroughlyfrom the designated area in a secondary container. Thoroughly decontaminate or incinerate contaminated clothing or shoes.decontaminate or incinerate contaminated clothing or shoes.i. Because the decontamination of jewelry may be difficult or impossible, doi. Because the decontamination of jewelry may be difficult or impossible, do not wear jewelry when working in designated areas.not wear jewelry when working in designated areas.j. Store particularly hazardous chemicals in a ventilated, limited access areaj. Store particularly hazardous chemicals in a ventilated, limited access area in appropriately labeled, unbreakable, chemically resistant, secondaryin appropriately labeled, unbreakable, chemically resistant, secondary containers.containers.k. Be prepared for spills and accidents. Assure that at least 2 people arek. Be prepared for spills and accidents. Assure that at least 2 people are present at all times if a substance is particularly hazardous. If a major spillpresent at all times if a substance is particularly hazardous. If a major spill occurs outside the hood or containment device, evacuate the area. Theoccurs outside the hood or containment device, evacuate the area. The cleanclean--up personnel must wear suitable protective apparel and equipment.up personnel must wear suitable protective apparel and equipment.l. If using toxicologically significant quantities of a hazardous chemical on al. If using toxicologically significant quantities of a hazardous chemical on a regular basis (e.g., 3 times per week), consult a qualified physicianregular basis (e.g., 3 times per week), consult a qualified physician concerning the desirability of regular medical surveillance.concerning the desirability of regular medical surveillance.m. Reproductive toxins should be handled only in a hood whose satisfactorym. Reproductive toxins should be handled only in a hood whose satisfactory performperformance has been confirmed. Appropriate protective apparel (especiallyance has been confirmed. Appropriate protective apparel (especially gloves) should be used to prevent skin contact. gloves) should be used to prevent skin contact.

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5. CRITERIA FOR CONTROL MEASURES5. CRITERIA FOR CONTROL MEASURES

5.1 Exposure Guidelines5.1 Exposure Guidelines

Most materials have some guidelines for exposure, such as Threshold LimitMost materials have some guidelines for exposure, such as Threshold Limit Values (TLV) or Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL). When such values exist,Values (TLV) or Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL). When such values exist, they will be used to assist the Chemical Hygiene Officer and/or the laboratorythey will be used to assist the Chemical Hygiene Officer and/or the laboratory instructor in deterinstructor in determining proper safety precautions, control measures andmining proper safety precautions, control measures and safety apparel that apply when working with these materials.safety apparel that apply when working with these materials.

When TLV or PEL values exist and are low, the chemical must be used in aWhen TLV or PEL values exist and are low, the chemical must be used in a properly operating fume hood.properly operating fume hood.

When TLV or PEL values are not available for a substance, the Lethal DosageWhen TLV or PEL values are not available for a substance, the Lethal Dosage (LD50) will be assessed from the MSD sheet. If that is low, then the chemical(LD50) will be assessed from the MSD sheet. If that is low, then the chemical must be used in a fume hood.must be used in a fume hood.

Whenever a chemical has a high vapor pressure, meaning that it evaporatesWhenever a chemical has a high vapor pressure, meaning that it evaporates quickly at room temperature, it must be used in a fume hood. Thesequickly at room temperature, it must be used in a fume hood. These controls are necessary even if the chemical with a high vapor pressure alsocontrols are necessary even if the chemical with a high vapor pressure also has a very high TLV or LD50. Such chemicals are likely to reach theirhas a very high TLV or LD50. Such chemicals are likely to reach their exposure limits in air at least as quickly as a chemiexposure limits in air at least as quickly as a chemical with low exposurecal with low exposure guidelines and a low vapor pressure.guidelines and a low vapor pressure.

Fume hoods will be used when:Fume hoods will be used when:

The TLV or PEL is below 50 ppm or 100 mg/mThe TLV or PEL is below 50 ppm or 100 mg/m33; or; or The LD50 by ingestion is 50 mg/kg or less; orThe LD50 by ingestion is 50 mg/kg or less; or The LD50 by contact is 200 mg/kg or less; orThe LD50 by contact is 200 mg/kg or less; or The LD50 by inhalation is 200 ppm or less or 2mg/liter or less; orThe LD50 by inhalation is 200 ppm or less or 2mg/liter or less; or The vapor pressure is above 50 mm at 20 C.The vapor pressure is above 50 mm at 20 C.

5.2 Fire Guidelines5.2 Fire Guidelines In general, a flammable chemical is determined by its flash point, the lowestIn general, a flammable chemical is determined by its flash point, the lowest temperatemperature at which an ignition source can cause the chemical to igniteture at which an ignition source can cause the chemical to ignite momentarily. Although the lowest temperature at which the chemical willmomentarily. Although the lowest temperature at which the chemical will catch fire with an ignition source is called the "fire point," it is rarely morecatch fire with an ignition source is called the "fire point," it is rarely more than one or two degrees greater than the flash point. Therefore, the flashthan one or two degrees greater than the flash point. Therefore, the flash point will be used as the reference of "fire hazard."point will be used as the reference of "fire hazard."

OSHA and NFPA have guidelines on when a chemical is consideredOSHA and NFPA have guidelines on when a chemical is considered flammable. Those guidelines are herein adopted for use in any laboratory atflammable. Those guidelines are herein adopted for use in any laboratory at USC Upstate.USC Upstate.

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"Flammable" is generally used to refer to chemicals with a flash point below"Flammable" is generally used to refer to chemicals with a flash point below 37.7C/100F. Chemicals with flash points between 37.7C/100F and37.7C/100F. Chemicals with flash points between 37.7C/100F and 93.2C/200F are termed "Combustible." Any chemical with a flash point below93.2C/200F are termed "Combustible." Any chemical with a flash point below 93.2C/200F will be considered a "fire93.2C/200F will be considered a "fire--hazard" and will be stored in ahazard" and will be stored in a flammable solvent storage area or flammable storage cabinet. "Fireflammable solvent storage area or flammable storage cabinet. "Fire--hazard"hazard" chemicals should be used only in vented hoods and away from sources ofchemicals should be used only in vented hoods and away from sources of ignition. ignition.

5.3 Reactivity Guidelines5.3 Reactivity Guidelines

The most complete and reliable reference on chemical reactivity is found inThe most complete and reliable reference on chemical reactivity is found in the current edition of "Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards" by L.the current edition of "Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards" by L. Bretherick. Reactivity information is sometimes given in MSDSs and onBretherick. Reactivity information is sometimes given in MSDSs and on labels. Other guidelines on which chemicals are reactive can be found inlabels. Other guidelines on which chemicals are reactive can be found in regulations from the Department of Transportaregulations from the Department of Transportation (DOT) in 49 CFR and thetion (DOT) in 49 CFR and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 40 CFR. Also, the NFPA hasEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 40 CFR. Also, the NFPA has developed some guidelines on what constitutes a reactive chemical indeveloped some guidelines on what constitutes a reactive chemical in Manual 325M, "Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases, VolatileManual 325M, "Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases, Volatile Solids"; Manual 49, "Hazardous Chemicals Data"; and Manual 491M, "ManualSolids"; Manual 49, "Hazardous Chemicals Data"; and Manual 491M, "Manual of Hazof Hazardous Chemical Reactions". ardous Chemical Reactions".

At USC Upstate, a reactive chemical is one which:At USC Upstate, a reactive chemical is one which:

Is described as such in Bretherick or the SDSIs described as such in Bretherick or the SDS Is ranked by NFPA as 3 or 4 for reactivity.Is ranked by NFPA as 3 or 4 for reactivity. Is determined by the U.S. DOT as either:Is determined by the U.S. DOT as either: -- an oxidizer an oxidizer -- an organic peroxide an organic peroxide -- an explosive (classes A, B, or C) an explosive (classes A, B, or C) Fits the U.S. EPA definition of reactive in 40 CFR 261.23Fits the U.S. EPA definition of reactive in 40 CFR 261.23 Fits the OSHA definitions of unstable in 29 CFR 1910.1450Fits the OSHA definitions of unstable in 29 CFR 1910.1450 Is found to be reactive with ordinary substancesIs found to be reactive with ordinary substances

Once a chemical has been determined to be reactive, all proper safetyOnce a chemical has been determined to be reactive, all proper safety precautions shall be used including segregation in storage and prohibition onprecautions shall be used including segregation in storage and prohibition on mixing with other chemicals without appropriate personal protection.mixing with other chemicals without appropriate personal protection.

5.4 Corrosivity and Contact Hazards5.4 Corrosivity and Contact Hazards

A corrosive chemical is defined as any chemical that causes visibleA corrosive chemical is defined as any chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical actiondestruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. Corrosivity allergenic, and sensitizer information isat the site of contact. Corrosivity allergenic, and sensitizer information is sometimes given inSDSs and on labels. Also guidelines on which chemicalssometimes given inSDSs and on labels. Also guidelines on which chemicals are corrosive can be found in other OSHA standards and in regulations byare corrosive can be found in other OSHA standards and in regulations by DOT in 49 CFR and the EPA in 40 CFR. Proper personal protection shall beDOT in 49 CFR and the EPA in 40 CFR. Proper personal protection shall be

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worn when using any corrosive chemical, including gogworn when using any corrosive chemical, including goggles, face shield,gles, face shield, proper gloves and an impervious apron.proper gloves and an impervious apron.

6. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS AND MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS AND6. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS AND MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS AND EXAMINATIONSEXAMINATIONS

6.1 Suspected Exposures to Toxic Substances6.1 Suspected Exposures to Toxic Substances

If laboratory workers suspect that they have been exposed to hazardousIf laboratory workers suspect that they have been exposed to hazardous substances, the following sections detail the appropriate steps in seekingsubstances, the following sections detail the appropriate steps in seeking medical attention as well as initiating an assessment of the possible risk(s)medical attention as well as initiating an assessment of the possible risk(s) involved in the incident.involved in the incident.

6.1.1 Criteria of Reasonable Suspicion of Exposure6.1.1 Criteria of Reasonable Suspicion of Exposure

The following are examples of incidents or circumstances which would beThe following are examples of incidents or circumstances which would be considered as presumptive that a possible exposure to a hazardousconsidered as presumptive that a possible exposure to a hazardous substance may have occurred.substance may have occurred.

a. The individual has had direct skin contact or eye exposure with aa. The individual has had direct skin contact or eye exposure with a substance that is known to be harmful, local discomfort occurs, or nosubstance that is known to be harmful, local discomfort occurs, or no information is available about the agent.information is available about the agent.b. Odors are noticed while working with a chemical whose odor threshold isb. Odors are noticed while working with a chemical whose odor threshold is above the level for which it has been determined that one can work safely.above the level for which it has been determined that one can work safely.c. Symptoms occur in the laboratory setting such as headache, rash, nausea,c. Symptoms occur in the laboratory setting such as headache, rash, nausea, coughing, irritation of eye, nose or throat, dizziness, or loss of coordinationcoughing, irritation of eye, nose or throat, dizziness, or loss of coordination andand -- Symptoms improve or disappear when the affected individual is Symptoms improve or disappear when the affected individual is removed removed

completely from the laboratory area.completely from the laboratory area. -- Symptoms repeatedly reoccur when the affected individual is Symptoms repeatedly reoccur when the affected individual is reexposed in the reexposed in the

laboratory setting.laboratory setting.d. Similar or multiple complaints are received from several individuals in thed. Similar or multiple complaints are received from several individuals in the same work area.same work area.e. A hazardous chemical leaked or was spilled or was otherwise rapidlye. A hazardous chemical leaked or was spilled or was otherwise rapidly released in an uncontrolled manner.released in an uncontrolled manner.

6.1.2 Laboratory's Responsibility6.1.2 Laboratory's Responsibility

In the event of a hazardous chemical exposure, the laboratory at which theIn the event of a hazardous chemical exposure, the laboratory at which the exposure took place provides the following information to the physician.exposure took place provides the following information to the physician.

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a. The identity and quantity of hazardous chemical(s) to which the workera. The identity and quantity of hazardous chemical(s) to which the worker may have been exposed.may have been exposed.b. A description of the conditions under which the exposure occurred.b. A description of the conditions under which the exposure occurred.c. A description of any personal protective equipment used by the affectedc. A description of any personal protective equipment used by the affected worker during the time of the exposure.worker during the time of the exposure.d. A description of the signs and symptoms of exposure that the worker isd. A description of the signs and symptoms of exposure that the worker is experiencing, if any.experiencing, if any.e. A copy of the SDS for the chemical(s) involved.e. A copy of the SDS for the chemical(s) involved.

6.2 Medical Consultations and Examinations6.2 Medical Consultations and Examinations

Laboratory workers who work with hazardous chemicals shall have anLaboratory workers who work with hazardous chemicals shall have an opportunity to receive medical attention, including any followopportunity to receive medical attention, including any follow--upup examinations which the examining physician determines to be necessary,examinations which the examining physician determines to be necessary, when there is a reasonable suspicion that exposureto hazardous chemicalswhen there is a reasonable suspicion that exposureto hazardous chemicals has occurred (Section 6.1.1). has occurred (Section 6.1.1).

If the laboratory worker develops signs or symptoms associated with aIf the laboratory worker develops signs or symptoms associated with a hazardous chemical to which he or she may have been exposed in thehazardous chemical to which he or she may have been exposed in the laboratory, he or she will be provided an opportunity to receive anlaboratory, he or she will be provided an opportunity to receive an appropriate medical examination. appropriate medical examination.

Whenever a chemical spill, leak, explosion or other occurrence resulting inWhenever a chemical spill, leak, explosion or other occurrence resulting in the likelithe likelihood of a hazardous exposure occurs, the laboratory worker shall behood of a hazardous exposure occurs, the laboratory worker shall be provided an opportunity for a medical consultation. Such consultation shallprovided an opportunity for a medical consultation. Such consultation shall be for the purpose of determining the need for a medical examination.be for the purpose of determining the need for a medical examination.

All medical examinations and consultations shall be performed by or underAll medical examinations and consultations shall be performed by or under the direct supervision of a licensed physician and shall be provided withoutthe direct supervision of a licensed physician and shall be provided without cost to the laboratory worker and at a reasonable time and place. All medicalcost to the laboratory worker and at a reasonable time and place. All medical examinations and consultations shall occur without loss of pay to theexaminations and consultations shall occur without loss of pay to the employee.employee.

USC Upstate shall obtain from the examining physician a written opinion,USC Upstate shall obtain from the examining physician a written opinion, regarding the employee affected, which shall include:regarding the employee affected, which shall include:

a. Any recommendation for further medical followa. Any recommendation for further medical follow--up.up.b. The results of the medical examination and any associated tests.b. The results of the medical examination and any associated tests.c. Any medical condition which may be revealed in the course of thec. Any medical condition which may be revealed in the course of the examination which may place the employee at increased risk as a result ofexamination which may place the employee at increased risk as a result of exposure to a hazardous chemical found in the work place.exposure to a hazardous chemical found in the work place.d. A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of thed. A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the consultation or medical examination and any medical conditionresults of the consultation or medical examination and any medical condition that may require further examination or treatment.that may require further examination or treatment.

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The written opinion shall not reveal specific findings of diagnoses unrelatedThe written opinion shall not reveal specific findings of diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposure.to occupational exposure.

Information regarding exams and consultations shall be requested from theInformation regarding exams and consultations shall be requested from the Director of Risk Management (ext. 5905).Director of Risk Management (ext. 5905).

6.3 Exposure Assessment6.3 Exposure Assessment

It is USC Upstate policy to promptly investigate all complaints to determineIt is USC Upstate policy to promptly investigate all complaints to determine the risk of employee and student overexposure to hazardous chemicals inthe risk of employee and student overexposure to hazardous chemicals in the laboratory. All comthe laboratory. All complaints are to be documented. If no furtherplaints are to be documented. If no further assessment of the event is deemed necesassessment of the event is deemed necessary, then the reason for thatsary, then the reason for that decision should be included in the documentation. In cases of emergency,decision should be included in the documentation. In cases of emergency, exposure assessments are conducted after the victim has been treated. Theexposure assessments are conducted after the victim has been treated. The purpose of the exposure assessment is to provide guidance which maypurpose of the exposure assessment is to provide guidance which may prevent or mitigate any future exposures.prevent or mitigate any future exposures.

An exposure assessment should include:An exposure assessment should include:

a. An interview with the individual involved in the incident.a. An interview with the individual involved in the incident.b. A record of the essential information relevant to the possible exposureb. A record of the essential information relevant to the possible exposure including the following:including the following: 1. Suspected chemical(s) if known1. Suspected chemical(s) if known 2. Other chemicals in use by the individual2. Other chemicals in use by the individual 3. Other chemicals in use by others in the immediate area3. Other chemicals in use by others in the immediate area 4. Symptoms4. Symptoms 5. Use of control measures during exposure such as fume hood and5. Use of control measures during exposure such as fume hood and personal personal

protective equipmentprotective equipmentc. Review of the pertinent SDSc. Review of the pertinent SDSd. Decision whether to refer asymptomatic individual to a physiciand. Decision whether to refer asymptomatic individual to a physiciane. Review of the adequacy of the control measures and safety procedurese. Review of the adequacy of the control measures and safety procedures relevant to the incidentrelevant to the incident

7. EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING7. EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING

7.1 Employee Information Requirements7.1 Employee Information Requirements

OSHA has required that employees be informed of:OSHA has required that employees be informed of:

a. The contents and availability of the OSHA Lab Standard (29CFRa. The contents and availability of the OSHA Lab Standard (29CFR 1910.1450) and its appendices.1910.1450) and its appendices.b. The location and availability of this document, the Chemical Hygiene Plan.b. The location and availability of this document, the Chemical Hygiene Plan.c. The PEL for OSHA regulated substances or recommended exposure limitsc. The PEL for OSHA regulated substances or recommended exposure limits for other hazardous chemicals where there is no applicable OSHA standard.for other hazardous chemicals where there is no applicable OSHA standard.

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d. Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicalsd. Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals used in the laboratory.used in the laboratory.e. The location and availability of known reference material on the hazards,e. The location and availability of known reference material on the hazards, safe hansafe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals found in thedling, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals found in the laboratory including, but not limited to, SDS received from the chemicallaboratory including, but not limited to, SDS received from the chemical supplier.supplier.

7.2 Employee Training7.2 Employee Training

All employees that work in laboratories must receive information and trainingAll employees that work in laboratories must receive information and training concernconcerning the hazards of chemicals at the time of employment anding the hazards of chemicals at the time of employment and subsequently on a regular basis. This training must be documented and shallsubsequently on a regular basis. This training must be documented and shall include the following:include the following:

a. Contents of the Lab Standarda. Contents of the Lab Standardb. Location and contents of the Chemical Hygiene Planb. Location and contents of the Chemical Hygiene Planc. Identification of hazardous chemicalsc. Identification of hazardous chemicals 1. Location of chemical inventory1. Location of chemical inventory 2. Location of MSDS2. Location of MSDS 3. Labeling information3. Labeling informationd. Procedures for handling hazardous chemicalsd. Procedures for handling hazardous chemicals 1. Work practices1. Work practices 2. Proper labeling, storing, moving and disposal2. Proper labeling, storing, moving and disposal 3. Physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area3. Physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area 4. Observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of4. Observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a a

hazardous chemical hazardous chemical 5. Environmental monitoring required, if any5. Environmental monitoring required, if any 6. Signs and symptoms of exposure6. Signs and symptoms of exposure 7. Protective equipment used to prevent overexposure7. Protective equipment used to prevent overexposuree. Environmental protectione. Environmental protection 1. Emergency procedures to include safety showers/eyewashes, fire1. Emergency procedures to include safety showers/eyewashes, fire extinguishers, extinguishers, respirators, etc.. respirators, etc.. 2. Spill containment2. Spill containment 3. Medical consultation procedures3. Medical consultation proceduresf. First aid instructionf. First aid instructiong. Documentation of initial and subsequent trainingg. Documentation of initial and subsequent training

8. RECORDS AND RECORD KEEPING8. RECORDS AND RECORD KEEPING

The Laboratory Standard requires that records be maintained of all employeeThe Laboratory Standard requires that records be maintained of all employee exposures and any medical consultation and examinations including tests orexposures and any medical consultation and examinations including tests or written opinions, and that those records be maintained in accordance to 29written opinions, and that those records be maintained in accordance to 29 CFR 1910.20. All records must be kept 30 years beyond the employee's timeCFR 1910.20. All records must be kept 30 years beyond the employee's time of employment, and they should be accessible to employees or theirof employment, and they should be accessible to employees or their representatives. The files will be kept in the Division Faculty files.representatives. The files will be kept in the Division Faculty files.

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The OSHA Form 200 should be used to record lost workdays that result fromThe OSHA Form 200 should be used to record lost workdays that result from an exposure or accident in the laboratory.an exposure or accident in the laboratory.

In addition to records required by OSHA, USC Upstate also requires recordsIn addition to records required by OSHA, USC Upstate also requires records of the following to be kept by the Unversity Risk Manager:of the following to be kept by the Unversity Risk Manager:

a. Accidents and spills. A written report of each accident should be submitteda. Accidents and spills. A written report of each accident should be submitted to the administration, the safety officer and the Chemical Hygiene Officer.to the administration, the safety officer and the Chemical Hygiene Officer. Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent recurrence.Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent recurrence.b. Employee and student exposure complaints, suspected exposures, andb. Employee and student exposure complaints, suspected exposures, and outcomes of such.outcomes of such.c. Complaints from employees and students about inoperative engineeringc. Complaints from employees and students about inoperative engineering controls or defective personal protection equipment. Even if the complaint iscontrols or defective personal protection equipment. Even if the complaint is found to be unjustified it is desirable to keep a record of the complaint, thefound to be unjustified it is desirable to keep a record of the complaint, the investigation, and the outinvestigation, and the outcome.come.d. Safety suggestions from employees and students. Suggestions can bed. Safety suggestions from employees and students. Suggestions can be valuable to improve lab safety. valuable to improve lab safety. e. Repair and maintenance records for control systems and safetye. Repair and maintenance records for control systems and safety equipment. These records demonstrate that equipment such as fume hoodsequipment. These records demonstrate that equipment such as fume hoods and eyewashes are well mainand eyewashes are well maintained and kept in proper operating order.tained and kept in proper operating order.f. Chemical waste on hand and waste that has been discarded. The Chemicalf. Chemical waste on hand and waste that has been discarded. The Chemical Hygiene Officer and the Director of Risk Management must be notified whenHygiene Officer and the Director of Risk Management must be notified when chemical wastes are to be moved. The name of the person responsible, thechemical wastes are to be moved. The name of the person responsible, the chemical identity or descripchemical identity or description of the waste, the amount, the datetion of the waste, the amount, the date designated as waste, the date of disposal, and the location of the disposaldesignated as waste, the date of disposal, and the location of the disposal site should be recorded. All chemical waste records must be retained for atsite should be recorded. All chemical waste records must be retained for at least three years.least three years.g. Training of employees in the provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan andg. Training of employees in the provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and other safety measures.other safety measures.h. Chemical inventory of the laboratories at USC Upstate.h. Chemical inventory of the laboratories at USC Upstate.i. Distribution and maintenance ofSDS.i. Distribution and maintenance ofSDS.j. Inventory and usage records for highj. Inventory and usage records for high--risk substances. The amounts ofrisk substances. The amounts of these materials on hand, amount used, and names of the workers involvedthese materials on hand, amount used, and names of the workers involved should be recorded and maintained.should be recorded and maintained.

9. EMERGENCY AND CONTIGENCY PLAN9. EMERGENCY AND CONTIGENCY PLAN

9.1 Hazard Information Notice9.1 Hazard Information Notice

It is the policy of the University of South Carolina Upstate that certainIt is the policy of the University of South Carolina Upstate that certain information be available to employees, students, emergency personnel, andinformation be available to employees, students, emergency personnel, and visitors to the laboratories. This information shall be displayed by the door ofvisitors to the laboratories. This information shall be displayed by the door of all laboratories, and must be kept up to date. The Health and Safetyall laboratories, and must be kept up to date. The Health and Safety Programs Unit in Columbia has providPrograms Unit in Columbia has provided plaques onto which the appropriateed plaques onto which the appropriate informainformation will be placed.tion will be placed.

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Specific Data Required:Specific Data Required:

A. IdentificationA. Identification Identify the USC Upstate space Identify the USC Upstate space -- laboratory, room, building to which this laboratory, room, building to which this hazard information applies and the discipline using it.hazard information applies and the discipline using it.

B. CallB. Call List telephone numbers of University Police (ext. 7777), Chief of UniversityList telephone numbers of University Police (ext. 7777), Chief of University Police (ext. 5254), and Division Chair of Natural Sciences and EngineeringPolice (ext. 5254), and Division Chair of Natural Sciences and Engineering (ext. 5768 or 5725). Give names, USC Upstate telephone extensions, and(ext. 5768 or 5725). Give names, USC Upstate telephone extensions, and home telephone numbers for at least two people who should be notified inhome telephone numbers for at least two people who should be notified in the event of an emergency. Include the review date of the information andthe event of an emergency. Include the review date of the information and the name of the person responsible for maintaining the Hazard Informationthe name of the person responsible for maintaining the Hazard Information Notice.Notice.

C. Fire HazardsC. Fire Hazards List types of flammable liquids and quantity. List flammable gases, strongList types of flammable liquids and quantity. List flammable gases, strong oxidizing agents, explosives, and pyrophoric metals. If none, state "None".oxidizing agents, explosives, and pyrophoric metals. If none, state "None".

D. Radiation HazardsD. Radiation Hazards Describe any radiation hazard(s). If none, state "None".Describe any radiation hazard(s). If none, state "None".

E. Biological HazardsE. Biological Hazards Describe any biohazards involving microbes, viruses, recombinant DNA,Describe any biohazards involving microbes, viruses, recombinant DNA, vectors, and other biological hazards. If none, state "None".vectors, and other biological hazards. If none, state "None".

F. Other Health HazardsF. Other Health Hazards List materials which could evolve or release caustic, toxic, or corrosiveList materials which could evolve or release caustic, toxic, or corrosive fumes or particles. Include carcinogens in this area. If none, state "None".fumes or particles. Include carcinogens in this area. If none, state "None".

G. UtilitiesG. Utilities List the location of switches whichcut off electrical power to the area.List the location of switches whichcut off electrical power to the area. Describe any electrical hazards. Describe locations of controls for ventilationDescribe any electrical hazards. Describe locations of controls for ventilation in the area, and give the locations of gas and water shutin the area, and give the locations of gas and water shut--off valves.off valves.

H. Other InformationH. Other Information Give any additional information necessary to describe completely any type ofGive any additional information necessary to describe completely any type of hazard associated with the specific work area.hazard associated with the specific work area.

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9.2 Laboratory Emergency Plan9.2 Laboratory Emergency Plan

In the event of an emergency, the laboratory instructor(s) present should pullIn the event of an emergency, the laboratory instructor(s) present should pull the fire alarm, call the University Police (who will call 911), and afterthe fire alarm, call the University Police (who will call 911), and after evacuation, take attendance at an assembling site outside the building at aevacuation, take attendance at an assembling site outside the building at a safe distance from the emergency. Every employee must be familiar with thesafe distance from the emergency. Every employee must be familiar with the USC Upstate Emergency Procedures booklet, and Smith Building third floorUSC Upstate Emergency Procedures booklet, and Smith Building third floor and fourth floor should have a copy of the booklet in a central place.and fourth floor should have a copy of the booklet in a central place. Emergency telephone numbers should be prominently posted beside theEmergency telephone numbers should be prominently posted beside the telephone in the laboratory. telephone in the laboratory.

9.3 Fires9.3 Fires

A fire contained in a small vessel can usually be suffocated by covering theA fire contained in a small vessel can usually be suffocated by covering the vessel with an inverted beaker or watch glass. Small fires in the hood or onvessel with an inverted beaker or watch glass. Small fires in the hood or on the benchtop can be smothered with sand or a fire extinguisher. Turn offthe benchtop can be smothered with sand or a fire extinguisher. Turn off equipment in the area near the fire, and remove combustible material. If aequipment in the area near the fire, and remove combustible material. If a fire is burning over an area too large for the fire to be suffocated quickly andfire is burning over an area too large for the fire to be suffocated quickly and simply, then all persons should evacuate the area, and the fire alarm shouldsimply, then all persons should evacuate the area, and the fire alarm should be activated. The University Police should be notified at 7777 and medicalbe activated. The University Police should be notified at 7777 and medical help summoned if necessary. help summoned if necessary.

9.4 Hazardous Chemical Spills9.4 Hazardous Chemical Spills

Every laboratory where hazardous chemicals are being used or stored mustEvery laboratory where hazardous chemicals are being used or stored must have a spill kit available. All personnel should be familiar with the locationhave a spill kit available. All personnel should be familiar with the location and proper use of these kits. For small chemical spills the procedure inand proper use of these kits. For small chemical spills the procedure in Section 4.1.10 should be followed. If the spill is too large for one person toSection 4.1.10 should be followed. If the spill is too large for one person to handle, the area must be evacuated and outside assistance obtained fromhandle, the area must be evacuated and outside assistance obtained from University Police. The following information should be provided to theUniversity Police. The following information should be provided to the cleanclean--up crew: the chemical name, the SDS, and other chemicals which mayup crew: the chemical name, the SDS, and other chemicals which may be affected. be affected.

10. CHEMICAL HYGIENE RESPONSIBILITIES10. CHEMICAL HYGIENE RESPONSIBILITIES

Responsibility for chemical hygiene rests at all levels including the:Responsibility for chemical hygiene rests at all levels including the:

1. 1. ChancellorChancellor, who has ultimate responsibility for chemical hygiene within, who has ultimate responsibility for chemical hygiene within the institutionthe institution and must, with other administrators, provide continuing and must, with other administrators, provide continuing support for chemical hygiene. support for chemical hygiene.

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2. 2. Vice Chancellor for Academic AffairsVice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, who is responsible for chemical, who is responsible for chemical hygiene in the academic unit of the institution.hygiene in the academic unit of the institution.

6.6. Division Chair, Division Chair, who is responsible for:who is responsible for:

a. Ensure that workers know and follow the chemical hygiene rules, thata. Ensure that workers know and follow the chemical hygiene rules, that protective equipment is available and in working order, and that appropriateprotective equipment is available and in working order, and that appropriate training has been provided.training has been provided.b. Ensure that regular, formal chemical hygiene and housekeepingb. Ensure that regular, formal chemical hygiene and housekeeping inspections including routine inspections of emergency equipment areinspections including routine inspections of emergency equipment are conducted.conducted.c. Perform an annual review of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and implementc. Perform an annual review of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and implement necessary adjustments. necessary adjustments.

3. 3. Chemical Hygiene OfficerChemical Hygiene Officer, who must:, who must:

a. Work with administrators and other employees to implement appropriatea. Work with administrators and other employees to implement appropriate chemical hygiene policies and practices.chemical hygiene policies and practices.b. Monitor procurement, labeling, use, and disposal of chemicals used in theb. Monitor procurement, labeling, use, and disposal of chemicals used in the laboratolaboratories at USC Upstateries at USC Upstatec. See that the appropriate record keeping is maintained and that all SDSsc. See that the appropriate record keeping is maintained and that all SDSs are intact.are intact.d. Know the current legal requirements concerning regulated substances.d. Know the current legal requirements concerning regulated substances.e. Seek ways to improve the Chemical Hygiene Plan.e. Seek ways to improve the Chemical Hygiene Plan.f. Ensure that workers know and follow the chemical hygiene rules, thatf. Ensure that workers know and follow the chemical hygiene rules, that protective equipment is available and in working order, and that appropriateprotective equipment is available and in working order, and that appropriate training has been provided.training has been provided.g. Ensure that regular, formal chemical hygiene and housekeepingg. Ensure that regular, formal chemical hygiene and housekeeping inspections includinspections including routine inspections of emergency equipment areing routine inspections of emergency equipment are conducted.conducted.h. Ensure that facilities and training are adequate for use of any materialh. Ensure that facilities and training are adequate for use of any material being orbeing ordered.dered.i. Perform an annual review of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and implementi. Perform an annual review of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and implement necessary adjustments.necessary adjustments.j. Provide training on a regular basis for all full-time and part-timej. Provide training on a regular basis for all full-time and part-time employees.employees.

The Chemical Hygiene Officer must be qualified, by training or experience, toThe Chemical Hygiene Officer must be qualified, by training or experience, to provide technical guidance in the development and implementation of theprovide technical guidance in the development and implementation of the provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

4. 4. Laboratory InstructorLaboratory Instructor, who is responsible for:, who is responsible for:

a. Planning and conducting each operation in accordance with thea. Planning and conducting each operation in accordance with the institutional chemiinstitutional chemical hygiene procedures for that operation.cal hygiene procedures for that operation.

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b. Knowing the hazards of chemicals with which they and students areb. Knowing the hazards of chemicals with which they and students are working.working.c. c. Determining the required levels of protective apparel and equipmentDetermining the required levels of protective apparel and equipment for a particular operation.for a particular operation.d. Ensuring the instructional laboratories are left safe for the next classd. Ensuring the instructional laboratories are left safe for the next class including neutralizing and cleaning up spills, broken glass and unlabeledincluding neutralizing and cleaning up spills, broken glass and unlabeled containers of chemicals.containers of chemicals.e. Developing good personal chemical hygiene habits and encouraginge. Developing good personal chemical hygiene habits and encouraging students to do the same.students to do the same. 5. 5. Laboratory WorkerLaboratory Worker, who is responsible for:, who is responsible for:

a. Planning and conducting each operation in accordance with thea. Planning and conducting each operation in accordance with the institutional chemiinstitutional chemical hygiene procedures for that operation.cal hygiene procedures for that operation.b. Knowing the hazards of chemicals with which they are working.b. Knowing the hazards of chemicals with which they are working.c. Developing good personal chemical hygiene habits.c. Developing good personal chemical hygiene habits.

LISTS AND LOCATIONS OF AVAILABLE SAFETY REFERENCES AND LISTS AND LOCATIONS OF AVAILABLE SAFETY REFERENCES AND MSDSsMSDSs

In order to implement this Chemical Hygiene Plan, employees of USC UpstateIn order to implement this Chemical Hygiene Plan, employees of USC Upstate who work in laboratories should have quick and easy access to referenceswho work in laboratories should have quick and easy access to references regarding the handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals. Theregarding the handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals. The following safety references are located in Smith 401A:following safety references are located in Smith 401A:

1.1. Compendium of Hazardous Chemicals in Schools and CollegesCompendium of Hazardous Chemicals in Schools and Colleges, J.B., J.B. Lippincott, Lippincott,

1990.1990.2.2. Concise Manual of Chemicals and Environmental Safety in Schools andConcise Manual of Chemicals and Environmental Safety in Schools and CollegesColleges,,

volume 4, volume 4, Safe Chemical StorageSafe Chemical Storage, J.B. Lippincott, 1990. , J.B. Lippincott, 1990. 3.3. Concise Manual of Chemicals and Environmental Safety in Schools andConcise Manual of Chemicals and Environmental Safety in Schools and Colleges,Colleges,

volume 5, volume 5, Safe Chemical DisposalSafe Chemical Disposal, J.B. Lippincott, 1991., J.B. Lippincott, 1991.4.4. CRC Handbook of Laboratory SafetyCRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 2nd Ed., Chemical Rubber, 2nd Ed., Chemical Rubber Company, Company,

1971.1971.5.5. Dangerous Properties of Industrial MaterialsDangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 3rd Ed., N. Irving Sax,, 3rd Ed., N. Irving Sax, 1968.1968.6.6. Developing a Chemical Hygiene PlanDeveloping a Chemical Hygiene Plan, Jay A. Young, Warren K. Kingsley,, Jay A. Young, Warren K. Kingsley, and and

George H. Wahl, Jr., 1990.George H. Wahl, Jr., 1990.7.7. Laboratory Health and Safety HandbookLaboratory Health and Safety Handbook, R. Scott Stricoff and Douglas, R. Scott Stricoff and Douglas B. B.

Walters, 1990.Walters, 1990.

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8.8. Safe Storage of Laboratory ChemicalsSafe Storage of Laboratory Chemicals, 2nd Ed., David A. Pipitone,, 2nd Ed., David A. Pipitone, 1991.1991.9.9. The Merck IndexThe Merck Index, 11th Ed., Merck & Co., Inc., 1989., 11th Ed., Merck & Co., Inc., 1989.10.10. University of South Carolina Health and Safety ManualUniversity of South Carolina Health and Safety Manual, 1985., 1985.11.11. Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in LaboratoriesPrudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories,, National National

Research Council, 1981Research Council, 1981 1 2. 1 2. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: handling and Disposal ofPrudent Practices in the Laboratory: handling and Disposal of ChemicalsChemicals, National, National

Research Council, 1995Research Council, 1995

To supplement the above references, the following books should be To supplement the above references, the following books should be purchased and also kept in Smith 401A.purchased and also kept in Smith 401A.

1. 1. CRC Handbook of Laboratory SafetyCRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, A.K. Furr, 1990., A.K. Furr, 1990. 2. 2. Handbook of Reactive Chemical HazardsHandbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 4th Ed., L. Bretherick, 1990., 4th Ed., L. Bretherick, 1990. 3. 3. Hazards in the Chemical LaboratoryHazards in the Chemical Laboratory, 5th Ed., L. Bretherick, 1986., 5th Ed., L. Bretherick, 1986. 4. 4. Safety in Academic Chemistry LaboratoriesSafety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, 5th Ed., American, 5th Ed., American Chemical Chemical

Society, 1990.Society, 1990. 5. 5. Waste Disposal in Academic InstitutionsWaste Disposal in Academic Institutions, James A. Kaufman, 1990., James A. Kaufman, 1990.

The following references are available in the USC Upstate library:The following references are available in the USC Upstate library:

1. 1. Hazards in the Chemical LaboratoryHazards in the Chemical Laboratory, 4th Ed., L.Bretherick, 1981., 4th Ed., L.Bretherick, 1981. 2. 2. Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in LaboratoriesPrudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories,, National National

Research Council, 1981.Research Council, 1981. 3. 3. Prudent Practices for Disposal of Chemicals from LaboratoriesPrudent Practices for Disposal of Chemicals from Laboratories, National, National

Research Council, 1983.Research Council, 1983. 4. 4. Safe Storage of Laboratory ChemicalsSafe Storage of Laboratory Chemicals, David A. Pipitone, 1984., David A. Pipitone, 1984. 5. 5. Waste Disposal in Academic InstitutionsWaste Disposal in Academic Institutions, James A. Kaufman, 1990., James A. Kaufman, 1990. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are kept alphabetized in notebooks inMaterial Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are kept alphabetized in notebooks in Smith 401A for chemistry and in Smith 310 for biology. All MSDS found atSmith 401A for chemistry and in Smith 310 for biology. All MSDS found at USC Upstate NSE may be viewed atUSC Upstate NSE may be viewed at http://faculty.uscupstate.edu/labmanager/MSDS.htmlhttp://faculty.uscupstate.edu/labmanager/MSDS.html. .

12. G12. GLOSSARYLOSSARY

ANSIANSI American National Standards Institute. American National Standards Institute.

CarcinogenCarcinogen A substance capable of causing cancer. A substance capable of causing cancer.

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CFRCFR Code of Federal Registry. Code of Federal Registry.

CombustibleCombustible Able to catch fire and burn. Able to catch fire and burn.

Corrosive ChemicalsCorrosive Chemicals Chemicals that are capable of causing damage to Chemicals that are capable of causing damage to skin, eyes and respiratory epithelium by contact with the chemicals or itsskin, eyes and respiratory epithelium by contact with the chemicals or its vapors.vapors.

FlammableFlammable Capable of being easily ignited and of burning. Capable of being easily ignited and of burning.

Highly ToxicHighly Toxic A chemical that has an: A chemical that has an: LD50 by ingestion of 50 mg/kg or less;LD50 by ingestion of 50 mg/kg or less; LD50 by contact of 200 mg/kg or less;LD50 by contact of 200 mg/kg or less; LD50 by inhalation of 200 ppm or less, or 2 mg/liter or less.LD50 by inhalation of 200 ppm or less, or 2 mg/liter or less.

IrritantIrritant A chemical that causes a reversible inflammatory on living tissues A chemical that causes a reversible inflammatory on living tissues by chemical action at the site of contact.by chemical action at the site of contact.

LaboratoryLaboratory A work place where relatively small quantities of many different A work place where relatively small quantities of many different chemicals are being used on a nonchemicals are being used on a non--production basis. Work with chemicalsproduction basis. Work with chemicals can easily and safely be manipulated by one person.can easily and safely be manipulated by one person.

LD50 LD50 (Lethal Dose 50%) The dose that causes death in 50% of the animals (Lethal Dose 50%) The dose that causes death in 50% of the animals exposed.exposed.

MSDS MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet. Material Safety Data Sheet.

NFPANFPA National Fire Protection Association National Fire Protection Association

OSHAOSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the regulatory branch Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the regulatory branch of the Department of Labor concerned with employee safety and health.of the Department of Labor concerned with employee safety and health.

PELPEL Permissible Exposure Limit. The allowable concentration in the work Permissible Exposure Limit. The allowable concentration in the work place that is considered a safe level of exposure for an eight hour shift, 40place that is considered a safe level of exposure for an eight hour shift, 40 hours per week.hours per week.

Reproductive ToxinsReproductive Toxins Chemicals which affect the reproductive capabilities Chemicals which affect the reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetusesincluding chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis).(teratogenesis).

TLVTLV or or TWATWA Threshold Limit Value or Time Weighted Average. The amount Threshold Limit Value or Time Weighted Average. The amount of exposure allowable for an employee in an eight hour work day.of exposure allowable for an employee in an eight hour work day.

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APPENDIX AAPPENDIX A

OSHA'S LABORATORY STANDARD (20 CFR 1910.1450) OSHA'S LABORATORY STANDARD (20 CFR 1910.1450)

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APPENDIX BAPPENDIX B

CHEMICAL INVENTORIES OF USC UPSTATE LABORATORIES CHEMICAL INVENTORIES OF USC UPSTATE LABORATORIES

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APPENDIX CAPPENDIX C

LIST OF HIGHLY TOXIC AND/OR REACTIVE CHEMICALS USED IN USCLIST OF HIGHLY TOXIC AND/OR REACTIVE CHEMICALS USED IN USC UPSTATE LABSUPSTATE LABS

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APPENDIX DAPPENDIX D

Accident ReportAccident Report

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APPENDIX EAPPENDIX E

ReferencesReferences

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The following references were used to assist in the preparation of this plan:The following references were used to assist in the preparation of this plan:

1. 1. Developing a Chemical Hygiene PlanDeveloping a Chemical Hygiene Plan, Jay A. Young, Warren K. Kingsley,, Jay A. Young, Warren K. Kingsley, and George H. and George H.

Wahl, Jr., American Chemical Society, 1990.Wahl, Jr., American Chemical Society, 1990.

2. 2. Safety in Academic Chemistry LaboratoriesSafety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, American Chemical Society,, American Chemical Society, 1990.1990.

3. 3. Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in LaboratoriesPrudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories,, National Research National Research

Council, National Academy Press, 1981.Council, National Academy Press, 1981.

4. 4. Laboratory Health and Safety Handbook, A Guide to the Preparation of aLaboratory Health and Safety Handbook, A Guide to the Preparation of a Chemical Hygiene Chemical Hygiene

PlanPlan, R. Scott Stricoff and Douglas B. Walters, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,, R. Scott Stricoff and Douglas B. Walters, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990.1990.

5. University of South Carolina Health and Safety Manual, 1985.5. University of South Carolina Health and Safety Manual, 1985.

6. 6. A Model Chemical Hygiene Plan for LaboratoriesA Model Chemical Hygiene Plan for Laboratories, Terry Jo Gile, Clinical, Terry Jo Gile, Clinical Laboratory Laboratory

Management Association, Inc., 1990.Management Association, Inc., 1990.

7. U.S. Department of Labor, final rule part II. 7. U.S. Department of Labor, final rule part II. Federal RegisterFederal Register 29 CFR Part 29 CFR Part 1910. Occu1910. Occu pational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories,pational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, Wednesday, January 31, Wednesday, January 31,

1990.1990.End of DocumentEnd of Document

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