24/09/20051

University of Sheffield

The Behaviour of Fin Plate Steel Connections in Fire

Marwan Sarraj

I. W. Burgess, J. Buick Davison

Sheffield, UK September 2005

24/09/20052

The Behaviour of Fin Plate Steel Connectionsin Fire

• Introduction to Fin Plate steel connection. • The aims of this research.• Creating the FEM and the evaluation at ambient

temperature.

• FEM at elevated temperature and the evaluation.• ConclusionU

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Connection behaviour

MO

ME

NT

ROTATION

M

θ

Fin Plate

Double Web Angle

Header Plate

Top, Seat & Web angle

Flush End-Plate

Extended End-Plate

Single Web Angle

Fully Welded

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Fin Plate Connection in Fireand the Catenary Action

390,0°C

597,1°C

400

450

500

550

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The Research Aims

• Understand the behaviour of fin plates in fire.• Examine the ability to resist tying force as part

of the Robustness requirement.

• Evaluate their performance across a range of size.

• Provide design guidance.Univ

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Modelling the connection

Fin Plate

Column

•Bolt shank-to-bolt holes

•Beam web-to-fin plate.

•Bolt head-to-beam web

•Nut-to-fin plate.

x

yz

Fixed edge Contact elements

Centre node

Beam web

Fin plate

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Uni

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The Finite Element Model

Brick element C3D8I

Surface-to-surface contact element

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Lap joint

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Lap joint

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ldFEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature

Aluminium Lap joint test

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ldFEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature

Aluminium Lap joint test

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Deflection [mm]

Loa

d [k

N]

Experiment DataABAQUS Model

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FEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Richard Ralph experiment

Fixed edge

Fixed edge

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Richard Ralph experiment

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Deflection [mm]

Load

[kN

]

Richard Ralph Experiment ABAQUS Model

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The Finite Element Model

•Brick element C3D8I

•Surface-to-surface contact element

•Non-linear material

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Moment Rotation of Richard Ralph experiment

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FEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Moment Rotation of Richard Ralph experiment

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Moment Rotation of Richard Ralph experiment

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4Rotation [Degree]

Mom

ent [

kN.m

]

Richard Experiment ABAQUS Model

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FEM at Elevated Temperature

•Brick element C3D8TCoupled Temperature-Displacement analysis

•Non-linear material temperature dependent

•Geometric non-linearity

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ldFEM Evaluation at Elevated TemperatureComparison to the results of El-Rimawi, Test data and

VULCAN

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

Time [min.]

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

Web & Bottom Flange.Upper Flange.

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Comparison to the results of El-Rimawi, Test data and VULCAN

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FEM Evaluation at Elevated TemperatureComparison to the results of El-Rimawi, Test data and VULCAN

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 150 300 450 600 750 900

Temperature [°C]

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]

ABAQUSEl-RimawiTest DataVULCAN

W=16.34 kN/m

4.50 m

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ldFEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature

Comparison to the results of T. C. H. Liu and VULCAN

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Comparison to the results of T. C. Liu and VULCAN

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Time [Min.]

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

Bottom Flang

Web

Top Flange

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Comparison to the results of T. C. Liu and VULCAN

40 kN

•Axial stiffness is 8 kN/mm

•Rotational stiffness is

14000 kN.m/rad

•Load ratio is 0.5

178x10

2x19 U

B

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Comparison to the results of T. C. H. Liu and VULCAN

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Temperature [°C]

Mid

-spa

n de

flect

ion

[mm

]

ABAQUSVULCANT.C. Liu Test Data

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Comparison to the results of T. C. H. Liu and VULCAN

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Temperature [°C]

Axi

al F

orce

[kN

]

ABAQUST.C.H. Liu Test DataVULCAN

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Comparison between the results of ABAQUS simulation and VULCAN for the pin ended beam

(fully axially restrained)

-5000

-4500

-4000

-3500

-3000

-2500

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Temperature [°C]

Axi

al F

orce

[kN

]

ABAQUS

VULCAN

W=25 kN/m

8.0 m

Linear Time-Temperature 10°C/min. was used for this model

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Comparison between the results of ABAQUS simulation and VULCAN for the fixed ended beam

(rotationally and axially fully restrained )

-5000

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Temperature [°C]

Axi

al F

orce

[kN

]

ABAQUSVULCAN

W=25 kN/m

8.0 m

Linear Time-Temperature 10°C/min. was used for this model

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FEM of Beam-connection at Elevated Temperature

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F = 60 kN

F = 60 kN

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Time-Temperature for Finplate Connaction at Cardington test

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Time (min)

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

1st bolt3rd bolt4th boltplt. 1st rowplt. 4th rowupp. flangewebbott. flangebott. flange

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TemperatureTime-Deflection

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Time [min]

Def

lect

ion

[mm

]

Beam-connectiom ModelBeam-pin support

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Conclusion

• Creating a FEM of Fin Plate. • Introduces contact element.• Validated against test data.• Account for temperature. • Successfully modelled axially restrained beams

and validated.• Create a connection-beam model suitable for

parametric study.Uni

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Using the FE model to develop a simplified component model.

Plate Axial Stiffness

Plate bearing Stiffness

Bolt stiffness

Frictional stiffness

Beam web Axial stiffness

Beam web Bearing stiffness

Weld Stiffness

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THANK YOU

For Your Attention&

Welcome any Questions

orComments

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University of SheffieldFin Plate ConfigurationConnection behaviourThe Research AimsModelling the connectionContact MethodologyThe Finite Element ModelThe Finite Element ModelLap jointThe Finite Element Model Lap jointFEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Aluminium Lap joint testFEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Aluminium Lap joint testFEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Richard Ralph experimentFEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Richard Ralph experimentThe Finite Element ModelFEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Moment Rotation of Richard Ralph experimentFEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Moment Rotation of Richard Ralph experimentFEM Evaluation at Ambient Temperature Moment Rotation of Richard Ralph experimentFEM at Elevated TemperatureFEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of El-Rimawi, Test data and VULCANFEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of El-Rimawi, Test data and VULCANFEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of El-Rimawi, Test data and VULCANFEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of T. C. H. Liu and VULCANFEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of T. C. Liu and VULCANFEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of T. C. Liu and VULCANFEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of T. C. H. Liu and VULCANFEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison to the results of T. C. H. Liu and VULCANFEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison between the results of ABAQUS simulation and VULCAN for the pin ended beamFEM Evaluation at Elevated Temperature Comparison between the results of ABAQUS simulation and VULCAN for the fixed ended beFEM of Beam-connection at Elevated TemperatureFEM Evaluation at Elevated TemperatureFEM of Beam-connection at Elevated TemperatureConclusionWhat is next ?