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�m ofmokidjfm y ua daa b`cb b`a hcdjo z kbarjmn grcpaufre ckkfu d id bf q fdab`a labaobfr qrfh kap d gfrp ckksw bjkj{ jmn labaobfrd fg jmoracdjmn ofpqka� jbsy

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.50

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

False Rejection

Fal

se A

ccep

tanc

e

DERIV

LINEAR

SVM

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ua cra ch ka bf jpqrfta b`a a|ick arrfr rcba grfp ��� bf ��� w _`a �� �d`fum jm b`a q kfb ofrradq fmld bf b`a q argfrpcmoa fg c gikk h kfum ��� ���pj�birad � � dbcba kagb�bf�rjn`b pflakd � � q`fmapad � graa nrcppcr � ��� y���qcrcpabard� w _`a ��� ucd brcjmal fm cm a�brapaks kcrna lcbc hcda u jb`djp jkcr cofidbjo o`crcobarjdbjod cml rim fm b`a _ �� �_ dambamoad w _`a ���fibqib ucd laoflal bf danpamb b`a djnmck jmbf dbfqd cml mfm�dbfqd w �co`okfdira�hirdb brcmdjbjfm ucd ofmdjlaral bf ha ofrraobks labaobal jg jb gakk�������� u jb` jm c danpamb q fdbikcbal cd c dbfq hs b`a ��� w _`jd jd cofmoaddjfm bf b`a gcob b`cb b`a ��� jd mfb ladjnmal bf dq aojzockks kf ocbab`a okfdira�hirdb brcmdjbjfm w

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�crjfid fb`ar gacbira labaobfr qrfh kap d `cta haam ofmdjlaral hs b`a cib`frcml ofkkacniad cb �akk �ch frcbfrjad cml _`a mjtardjbs fg �`jocnf w x la�bcjkal ljdoiddjfm fg b`ada gacbira labaobfrd jd h asfml b`a dofq a fg b`a oirrambqcq ar w �fuatar y ua hrja�s pambjfm c gau fb`ar qrfh kap d b`cb `cta ofpaimlar jmtadbjncbjfm w

��������� ��� ���������� � x tars hcdjo ljdbjmobjta gacbira jm `ipcmkcmnicnad jd b`a dfmfrcmb�fhdbriamb l jdbjmobjfm w �fin`ks dq ace jmn y fhdbri�amb dfimld cra qrflioal u jb` okfdal fr qcrbjckks okfdal tf ock brcobd u`jkadfmfrcmb dfimld cra qrflioal u jb` fq am cml b`aragfra radfmcmb tf ock brcobd w_`a cofidbjo ofmda|iamoa fg b`jd jd b`cb dfmfrcmb dfimld baml bf `cta �j�

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0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.250

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

Obstruent Error Rate

Son

oran

t Err

or R

ate

Linear Separator ROC Curve (LDA)

M

B

E

� jnira � � ��� oirtad gfr dfmfrcmb�fhdbriamb ljdbjmobjfmd q kfbbal daqcrcbaksgfr b`a h anjmmjmn �� �y p jllka �� � cml amljmnd �� � fg q`fmap jo danpambd w

q arjfl jojbs �jj� gfrpcmb dbriobira w _`a qradamoa fg q arjfl jojbs ocm h a la�baobal acdjks amfin` w _`a qradamoa fg gfrpcmb dbriobira ocm h a `cmlkal hspacdirad fg dq aobrck hckcmoa w _`jd kacld bf buf okcddad fg labaobfrd b`cb ocmha brcjmal u jb`jm b`a dcpa gfrpikcbjfm cd ladorjh al ch fta w �`fum jm zn w �cra b`a ��� oirtad gfr b`raa ljvaramb ranjfmd fg dfmfrcmbd cml fhdbriambd�h anjmmjmn y p jllka y cml aml� idjmn c labaobfr hcdal fm dq aobrck hckcmoa w�fba b`cb a|ick arrfr rcbad gfr b`a dfmfrcmb�fhdbriamb ljdbjmobjfm cb b`aoambar fg aco` q`fmapa ocm ha cd kfu cd � q aroamb w � fra jmbaradbjmnksy jbucd gfiml b`cb b`jd ljdbjmobjfm ucd �� ���� ��� rfhidb q ardjdbjmn cb cb djnmckbf mfjda rcbjfd fg � bf �� l� w

� ����� � xmfb`ar qrfh kap b`cb ua `cta ofmdjlaral jd b`a rakjch ka labao�bjfm fg mcdckd cd c dih okcdd u jb`jm dfmfrcmb dfimld w �m xparjocm �mnkjd` ymcdckd ckp fdb ckucsd f ooir jm b`a ofmba�b fg c tfuak w _`a brcmdjbjfm grfptfuak bf mcdck �fr t joa tardc� jd o`crcobarj{al hs cm chriqb kfdd fg amarnsjm b`a ranjfm fg b`a daofml gfrpcmb w _`id c labaobfr gfr �fuak�� cdck �fr�cdck��fuak� brcmdjbjfmd ocm gfrpikcbal jm b`a dcpa grcpaufre cd dbfqd hibu jb` c ljvaramb raqradambcbjfm p cejmn ida fg amarnjad cb b`a gfrp cmb ranjfmd w� abaobfrd gfr dio` brcmdjbjfmd `cta h aam ofmdbriobal cml ��� oirtad gfrdaqcrcbjmn mcdckd grfp tfuakd cra d`fum jm zn w � w _`a buf oirtad ofrradq fml

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0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Nasal Error Rate

Vow

el E

rror

Rat

e

LDA

Energy Diff

� jnira � � ��� oirtad gfr daqcrcbjmn mcdckd grfp tfuakd idjmn amarns qrfz kadjm b`a gfrpcmb ranjfmd w _`a buf ��� oirtad ofrradq fml bf bce jmn amarnsljvaramoad cml brcjmjmn cm fqbjp ck labaobfr jm b`a pfra namarck grcpaufre w

bf ofmdbriobjmn labaobfrd b`cb bcea amarns ljvaramoad jm gfrpcmb ranjfmd cmlb`fda b`cb cra fqbjp j{al coofrljmn bf b`a namarck grcpaufre qradambal w

����� ������ �������� � �m pcms ocdad y b`a crbjoikcbfrs nadbirad cddf�ojcbal u jb` ljdbjmobjta gacbirad ocm h a hadb ocqbiral jm b`a tjdick lfpcjmhs c kjq brcoe jmn cknfrjb`p w }a `cta ofmdjlaral b`a qfddjh jkjbs fg gidjmndio` ciljf t jdick oiad gfr h abbar gacbira a�brcobjfm w � abcjkd cra qrft jlaljm � jsfnj abck ���� cml cm jkkidbrcbjta a�cpqka jd d`fum jm zn w � u`ara cdanpamb fg dq aao` ofrradq fmljmn bf b`a ufrl �eiq� jd d`fum w _`a dbfqlabaobfr zrad cb b`a dbfqd hib b`a jmbarkjq l jdbcmoa nfad lfum bf {arf fmkscb b`a kch jck okfdira w �m b`a a�cpqka d`fum y b`a cofidbjo djnmck jd a�brap aksmfjds cml ua daa b`cb b`a dbfq labaobfr fibqib jd ofrradq fmljmnks mfjds cmlimrakjch ka w �m ofmbrcdb b`a kjq brcoear jd rakjch ka w x gacbira hcdal grcpaufre`cd b`a cltcmbcna fg qrft jljmn c mcbirck ofppfm pflak u`fda qcrcpabardpcs h a � fjmbks adbjp cbal grfp tjdick cml cofidbjo oiad djpq kjgs jmn b`a bcdefg lcbc gidjfm grfp pikbjq ka pflckjbjad w

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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400−4

−2

0

2

4x 10

4

Spe

ech

Wav

efor

m

Time (ms)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400−0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Sto

p D

etec

tor

Out

put

Time (ms)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000

200

400

600

Inte

rlip

Dis

tanc

e

Time (ms)

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−1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 20

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Distance from Category Boundary (f(x))

Perc

eptu

al D

iscr

imin

abilit

y (d

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