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University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program Andrew Ristvey, Steven Cohan Olyssa Starry and John LeaCox University of Maryland, College Park

University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

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Page 1: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

University of Maryland  Green Roof Research Program

Andrew Ristvey,  Steven CohanOlyssa Starry and John Lea‐Cox

University of Maryland, College Park 

Page 2: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

The Driving Issue ‐ Combined Sewer Outlets

Page 3: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed
Page 4: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

LEED Credits Associated with Green Roofs Sustainable Sites 

5.1: Site Development: Protect or Restore Habitat addresses using vegetation on green roofs for restoring habitat using native or adapted plants.

5.2: Site Development: counts green roofs as open space.

6.1: Stormwater Design: Quantity Control lists green roofs as a strategy to minimize stormwater runoff.

6.2: Stormwater Design: Quality Control encourages the use of green roofs to promote infiltration.

7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed surfaces (roof, roads, sidewalks).

7.2: Heat Island Effect: Roof promotes the use of a vegetated roof for at least 50% of the roof area. Cooler air above the roof can allow the HVAC system to be scaled back to save energy.

Innovation in Design points may be earned if 100% of the roof surface is vegetated. Innovation in Design is an extra section in addition to the main sections of credits that allots extra points for designs that go above and beyond credit requirements.

Page 5: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed
Page 6: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Q: How much stormwater is retained by a green roof?Retention by greenroofs varies according to storm size

Mentens et al. 2006

Page 7: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Green Roof Research Site: 

SCRI-MINDS ― Managing Irrigation and Nutrition via Distributed Sensing

Page 8: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Green Roof and Environmental Monitoring Data: 

SCRI-MINDS ― Managing Irrigation and Nutrition via Distributed Sensing

Page 9: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Green Roof and Environmental Monitoring Data: 

SCRI-MINDS ― Managing Irrigation and Nutrition via Distributed Sensing

Page 10: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Green Roof and Environmental Monitoring Data: 

SCRI-MINDS ― Managing Irrigation and Nutrition via Distributed Sensing

Page 11: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Stormwater Modeling; Role of Plants in the System: 

We hypothesize that plants enhance water storage by greenroofs;  the magnitude of this contribution will be affected by plant physiology 

as well as climate.  

Olyssa Starry

Page 12: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

How might aspects of plant physiology affect  water retention by green roofs? 

SCRI-MINDS ― Managing Irrigation and Nutrition via Distributed Sensing

Sedum albumCAM cycler

Sedum sexangularelikely CAM cycler

Sedum kamschaticumsuspected to be C3

Page 13: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

How do green roofs function as systems?

SCRI-MINDS ― Managing Irrigation and Nutrition via Distributed Sensing

Page 14: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

SCRI-MINDS ― Managing Irrigation and Nutrition via Distributed Sensing

How can annual stormwater retention by green roofs be better predicted by computer models?

Page 15: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Evapotranspiration Sensitivity Analysis

SCRI-MINDS ― Managing Irrigation and Nutrition via Distributed Sensing

FAO Penman Monteith equation:

Hargreaves equation:

ET= 0.023*R(Tave + 17.8) *(Tmax-Tmin)^0.5ET= 0.023*R(Tave + 17.8) *(Tmax-Tmin)^0.5

Page 16: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Future directions:• Model validation with roof‐scale data

• Watershed scale models (swmm)

Glyndon, MD(200 acres)

Page 17: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Summary:

Sensing individual green roofs is possible and economic

Modeling stormwater runoff could be a powerful tool for providing site and watershed‐specific data 

Better storm water modeling data could provide urban planners with cost/benefit analysis information

This will enable LEED to Incorporate credits for performance and verification standards                                 (for water management, energy fluxes)

Benchmark Platinum Status

Page 18: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Studying Crumb Rubber as a media component amendment

Media Research

Develop a Low‐Carbon Impact MediumModel Performance on both micro (rooftop) and macro (watershed) scales 

Andrew Ristvey

Page 19: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Retains stormwater to reduce peak flow

Sustains plant life

Capable of retaining pollutants

Must have the right physical properties

Media:  Key Physical Component

Page 20: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

0.3 ppm 80 ppm 160 ppmRo

oflite™

Glass Beads

Page 21: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Zinc concentration in media leachates.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 2 4 6 8 10 12Week after study initiation

Zn c

once

ntra

tion

in le

acha

te (m

g/L)

CR & RL RL & GB CR & GB

Page 22: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Help the industry develop rigorous performance‐based standards

Extension Program

Mid‐Atlantic Green Roof Research Conference• Bring research authorities together

• August 2011 

Page 23: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed

Websites, Blogs

1.  Specialty Crops Research: (Sensor Networks, Model Development)http://smart‐farms.net

2.  UM Green Roof Program Website: (Under construction)http://greenroof.umd.edu

3. Olyssa Starry’s Blogspot: http://urbansod.blogspot.com

Page 24: University of Maryland Green Roof Research Program · 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non‐Roof states that a green roof can be used as a potential strategy for the replacement of constructed