University of Nigeria Research Publications

MBA, Geoffrey Anayochukwu

Aut

hor

PG/MBA/02/37039

Title

The Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC), the Journey so Far

Facu

lty

Business Administration

Dep

artm

ent

Management

Dat

e March, 2004

Sign

atur

e

UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, ENUGU CAMPUS .. . . . .

SCHOOL OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES SUBMISSION OF PROJECT TOPICS

NAME OF STUDENT: MBAH GEOFFREY

&-

ANAYOCHUKWU

REG: NO, PG/MBA/02/37039

. 1 :

DEPT: MBA (MANAGEMENT)

PROJECT SUPERVISOR: (CHIEF)C.O.CHUKWU H.0.D (MGT).

SELECTED PROJECT TOPICS:

NIGERIA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION AND THE DEREGULATION OF THE DOWN STREAM OIL SECTOR, THE EFFECT ON NIGERIAN ECONOMY.

THE INDEPENDENT CORRUPT PRACTICES COMMISSION (ICPC) A TOOTHLESS BULL DOG

HUMAN IMMUNE VIRUS/ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AND THE ECONOMIC IMPACT (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE)

FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION A PREVALENT ISSUE

BUREAU FOR PUBLIC ENTERPRISE & PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIALISATION POLICY-NIGERIAN PERSPECTIVE.

PROJECT TOPIC:

THE INDEPENDENT CORRUPT PRACTICES COMMlSSlON (ICPC)

THE JOURNEY SO FAR.

MRAH GEOFFREY ANAYOCHUKWU

IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT .. . , . . . OF THE FACULTY OF BUSINESS

ADMINISTRATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA NSUKKA

MARCH 2004.

. ,-

;,,xi!:; ~ x i : , ~ ily cc.mpis!ecl the requirement for course and resmrcti

:d;~n-~!:tr;d ii-I part or full for any other diploma or degree of this or any

DEDICATION

This research work is dedicated to God ALMIGHTY-who has given

me strength for this academic work, inspite of all odds. For keeping

me and saving me, to God be the Glory. After all, 'EXCEPT THE

LORD KEEP THE CITY, THOSE WHO WATCH OVER THE CITY

LABOUR IN VAIN" - Psalm 127 v I - 2.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

1 wish to express my sincere gratitude to my Project Supervisor &

HOD Chief. C.O. Chukwu, who is an industrious, indefatigable and

ever-caring man. I thank him for his excellent guide, suggestions and

fatherly advice towards the successful completion of this work.

My gratitude also goes to the following: Messrs RE. Mbah of

MECO Electronics Kano, Onyeka Mbah and Innocent Mbah for their

support.

Engr. Frank Mbah - of River State University and Engr. James

0. Mbah of News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) are commended also for

their contributions.

In a related development, I express my gratitude to the

members of my family especially to my darling wife - Mrs. J.U. Mbah

for her support and prayer

I also thank the Dean, Faculty of Business Administration,Prof.

E.U.L. lmaga for his advice to me academically.

I thank my classmates, and friends: Uchenna Duru, C.1. Okafor,

Japheth Ilo, ljie Eliot, Uju Onwuubuya (Mrs.) and all other classmates

for their contributions, prayers etc. towards the successful completion

of this academic progmmme.

' SI'IJUY 12

CIIAPTER TWO

M()N[ JMIIN'TAI. CORIII JPI'ION IN SOME SELECTED OItC;ANISATIONS IN NIGTYll A: CORRIJI'TION IN N l T A CORRUPT POI JTICI ANS AN11 1'1 11: NAI'ION CORRIJP'T SITUATION IN SOMI: MINISTRIES 'i-1 IE SIWATION AT NNPC Tf IE 1 IY IIRA-I IEA1)El) MONS'l'f'K CAL1,ED CORRUPTION IN TI 117 NATION Al, ASSEMIII .Y WAS'TEFIJI, EXITNDITIJRE O F N 30 BILLION '1'0 I IOST COMMON WlXl ,TI I 1 I I3lDS O F GOVT. MEE'IING IN mrm CAUSES O F COI<RIJP'I'ION GIANT MOVES DY ICIPC IC'PC AN11 ITS ROLE SO FAR %.2 14 MIl,I,ION 1.D. CAR11 SCAM I hdPACT 01: ICI'C AC'TIVITII~S ON NIGERIANS Al3NORMAI. SA1 ARIIIS O F S O M E FEDERAL MINISI'EItS IN NIGI1RIA

CI fAPI'ER ?'IIHEE K13SEARCiI METHODOLOGY POP1 JI ATION O F STI JIIY SAMPLE COMI'OSI'I'ION 11Y POTIKSI'S I'ESTING R E S M R C I I INS'T'RUMEN'I'S (11 J~SI ' IONNARIES M ~ I Ion or: ANALYSIS IJRESIINTA'I'ION 01 : 1)A'TA DlS'TRl BU'I'ION, COI .I ,IYC'l'ION 01; QIILiSTIONNAI RES C1 ASSIFICA'TIONS O F I'RAIID-NIJMDER 01; CASES REI'ORTED 'TAIIIILA'TION O F RESPONSES 1'0 QIJES'TIONARIES EFFECTIVE FRA1JD PRIWENTIVE MEASURES IN THE IWTIRI! NIGERIAN SOCIETY NEEDED 'TO COMPLEMEN'l"I'1 IT;, R O I I OF ICPC IN REDUCING CORRUPTION

ANA1 ,Y SIS 01: 11A'I'A T1;ST OF I IY l~O'l'Ill~S IS ON 1; AND CON'I'IGIINCY '1 '~111.1:

CIIAP'I'El~ FIVE

. . CHAPTER ONE . . .

1.1 INTROUUCCTION:

This research work focuses on the topic;

"INDEPENDENT CORRUPT PRACTICES COMMISSION

(ICPC) - THE JOURNEY SO FAR". The researcher intends to

look at the different facets of Corruption in Nigeria, the causes

and the efforts made to fight this monster called

. CORRUPTION. Mass attack on corruption will lift our country

from the brink of econornic collapse to that of economic growth

and Development. In the course of the research work; the

activities of the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission - a

body set up to prosecute and arraign individual(s) and

organiza tion(s) indicted in corrupt offences will be x-rayed.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Since the attainment of Political Independence in October

1 1960, and even prior to that, the economic growth and

development has been increasing but at a lesser rate inspite of

the abundant human and material resources which Nigeria as a

Country is endowed.

Many ~ i ~ e r i a n s believe that corruption is the bane of our"

society and hence they welcome the formation of lndependent

Corrupt Practices Commission. The Corrupt Practices and

other Related Offences Act 2000 was established to prohibit

and Prescribe punishment for corrupt practices and other

related offences'. The ACT gave legal backing to the

lndependent Corrupt practices and other Related Offences

Commission. vesting it with the responsibility for Investigation

and prosecution of offenders thereof.

Provision has also been made for the protection of

anybody who gives information to the commission in respect

an offence committed or likely to be committed by any other

person.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE (ICPC) COMMISSION, APPOINTMENTS AND POWERS:

Part of the ACT read thus : "There is hereby established

a commission to be known as the lndependent Corrupt

Practices and other Related Offences Commissionw (here in

after) in this ACT referred to as " THE COMMISSION"

COMMISSION, COMPOSITION, TENUREAND REMOVAL

FROM OFFICE:

The Corrupt Practices and other Related Offences ACT,

2000, called 2000 ACT NO5 Commenced on 13 '~ .Junee. 2000.

The Commission shall be a body Corporate, with perpetual

succession and a common seal and may sue and be sued in

" its corporate name. (See Establishment section 3 (2).

ESTABLISHMENT 3 (3).

The Commission shall consist of a chairman and twelve

(12) other members, two of whom shall come from each of the

six geo-political zones;

A retired police officer not below the rank of commissioner of

police.

A legal practitioner with at least 10 years post-call

experience

A retired Judge of a superior court of record;

A retired public servant not below the rank of a director.

A woman; ., , . , ,

f. A youth not being less than 21 or more than 30 years of age

at the time of his or her appointment; and

g. A chartered Accountant.

The chairman shall be a person who has held or is

qualified to hold office as a judge of a superior court of record in

Nigeria.

Section 3 (5):

Remuneration for members of the Commission shall be

determined by the National Revenue, Mobilization Allocation

and Fiscal Commission.

Section 3 (6):

The chairman and members of the Commission who shall

be persons of proven integrity shall be appointed by the

president, upon confirmation by the Senate and shall not begin

to discharge the duties of their offices until they have declared

their assets and liabilities as prescribed in the constitution of the

Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Section 3(7):

The chairman shall hold office for a period of five years

and may be re-appointed for another five years but shall not be

eligible for re-appointment thereafter, and the other members of

the commission shall hold office for a period of four (4) years

and may be re-appointed for another t e n of four (4) years but

shall not be eligible for re-appointment thereafter.

Section 3(8):

Notwithstanding the provisions of section 3(7) of this Act,

the chairman or any member of the commission may at any

time be removed from the office by the president acting on an

address supported by two-thirds (213) majority of the senate

praying that he be removed for inability to discharge the

functions of his oftice (whether arising from the infirmity of mind

or body or any other cause) or for misconduct. . . . . . .

SECTION 3 (9):

The chairman or any member of the commission may

resign his appointment by notice in writing under his hand

addressed to the president and the chairman or that member

shall on the date of the receipt of the notice of resignation by

the president cease to be a member of the commission.

TAKING A CURSORY LOOK AT MONUMENTAL

CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA AND THE LEVEL OF

INDUSTRIAL DECAY.

Taking Enugu State as an example, since the creation of

Enugu state on 27Ih August 1991, till date, many of the

government owned companies- namely Niger gas Ltd. Emene

Flour Mill Limited, Anambra Vegetable oil Refinery Nachi,

Nigeria Cement factory Nkalagu, (now in Ebonyi State), most of

these companies are at the point of collapse, many people

opined that one of the root causes of such poor, non viable

organisation are multifarious -ranging from mal-administration,

corruption etc. Corruption has many divisions: lack of ,

accountability, company crises, misappropriation of funds,

fraud, excesses expenditure that are usually incompatible with

real budgets. According to Chief Barrister Paul Egbogu in his

interview Report submitted to the Deputy governor of Enugu .. . * . .

State on Wednesday 28'h July 1999 on "WAYS TO MAKE CIVIL

SERVICE MORE FUNCTIONAL" he stated that fraud, over-

bloated wage bill, ghost workers syndrome, were the factors

militating against the efficient performance of the civil service.

All the monumental corruptions in both private and public,

sectors, including the body set up to Rght corruption in Nigeria

and how far it has achieved these goals-of ensuring a reduced-

corrupt-free nation are what the researcher intends to examine.

STATEMENT OF TH_E PROBLEM

Many observers feel that an average Nigerian is corrupt,

while many companies - small, medium or large depending on

size, features, number of shares authorized, calls issued and

fully paid etc, have traces of corrupt practices. Many

companies face problems of corruption and worst still, many

companies are not audited. Auditing efficiency may be lacking

in many private firms due to non-compliance with accounting

standards and auditing guidelines, non-disclosure of some

facts, which will enable external or internal auditors to form

opinions, other corporate crisis may pose problems in auditing

efficiency. This corporate crime is a serious issue, for example,

in News watch magazine 5'h ~ u l y 1999, Lucky lgbinedioin - Edo

State governor, reported that cheques were flying up and down

as former governor of Edo State, Onyearugbulem awarded'

7

contracts indiscriminately and he (Igbinedion) reported that he

inherited a debt of over N500 million. There were many more

lootings in all the States in government offices, companies etc.

The research work will tend to highlight' on different issues and/

corrupt practices in Nigeria and see how the ICPC has been

able to tackle the bull by the horn in fighting corruption.

"

-- OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The work was fundamentally undertaken to study how the

Retired Justice-Mustapha Akanbi led Independent corrupt

practices commission (ICPC) has been able to tackle the

myriads of corruption in the country. Corruption has debased

the integrity of Nigeria as a nation among the other members . . . of . . .

the common-wealth of Nations.

Due to corruption, progress is moving at a snail-speed

unemployment abound, inflation is high, cost of living is high, #

low per capita income, unfavourable balance of payments, high

import dependency, political violence, thuggery, nepotism, .

tribalism etc. Nigeria is the giant of Africa both in size,

population and also in crime.

The spate of politically induced killings are on the

increase: the assassination of late Chief Bola Ige- (the former

Attorney- general and minister of Justice).

i.

. . II.

iii.

i.

ii.

iii.

The murder of Harry Marshal, the co-ordinator of South-

South geopolitical zone of All Nigeria Peoples' Party

(ANPP).

The Killing of Chief A.K. Dikkibo - a chieftain of PDP on

his way to meeting in Asaba Delta State.

The attack on George Akume of Benue State and death

of Mr. Agom ex-aviation boss are all indications of

apprehension caused by corruption.

The researcher wishes to find:

Why corruptions are high

The role(s) of the body charged with prosecuting and

punishing offenders (ICPC) and the journey so far.

To suggest other ways to fight corruption and to possibly

reduce or eradicate corruption in Nigeria so as for Nigeria

to match forward economically, socially, politically,

culturally, and religiously. Such forward match is an

INDEX of economic growth and development.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The research work is aimed at having different levels of

importance to many of its readers and to those who may be

using the study for reference purposes.

Beside the above, it will also form part of the final examination

for me (the researcher), as it is a major prerequisite for the

eventual completion of this course of study.

Apart form being necessary for the award of Masters of

Business Administration in Management (MBA

MANAGEMENT) of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, it is

significant to undertake this study because it will give the

researcher a thorough and fuller comprehension of the subject

matter which is "INDEPENDENT CORRUPT PRACTICES

COMMISSION -THE (ICPC), the JOURNEY SO FAR".

Government Officials and the General Public-who have good

conscience will see the extent of damages the MONSTER

CALLED CORRUPTION had done to this Country Nigeria and

how ICPC has fought and is still fighting to eradicate corruption .. " . .

in Nigeria.

The future generation and children yet unborn will see the

extent of corruption occasioned by mal-administration by our

leaders. Such children will learn from past mistakes of our

leaders and make plans to eschew corruption and other social

vices. After all that "righteousness exalts a nation but sin is a

reproach" Proverb 14 v 34 is an adage that must be put into

practice,

1.5 HYPOTHESIS TESTING:

Hypothesis

application of :

Ai.

. . II.

Bi.

will be tested and conclusions arrived at, by

Nu!l hypothesis - (Ho) eg: lndependent Corrupt Practices

and Other Related Offences Commission is not efficient in

their duties.

Alternative Hypothesis - Hi Eg, lndependent Corrupt

Practices and other related offences commission is

efficient in their duties.

Financial Corruption is not the only aspect of corruption in

Nigeria - (Ho).

Bii. Alternative hypothesis HI: Financial Corruption is the only

aspect of corruption in Nigeria. Many other hypothesis

testing will be done.

SCOPE AND-LJ-IMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

For the purpose of the research work, the researcher will

focus his attention on the "INDEPENDENT AND CORRUPT

PRACTICES AND OTHER RELATED OFFENCES

COMMISSION" - THE JOURNEY SO FAR.

THE SCOPE:

The scope covers the thirty six (36) States of Nigeria and

Federal Capital Territory Abuja. One will see the whole Nigeria . . . . . .

as a big insurmountable task but it is important to note that:

i. Independent Corrupt Practices and other Related

Offences Commission has one office throughout Nigeria

and it is situated at plot 802 constitution Avenue, Central

Area Abuja-hence getting information from that office,

means that almost all the 36 States and Abuja are

cove red.

ii. Other institutions waging war against corruption- (1)

Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC)

iii. The code of conduct Bureau

iv. Transparency International

v. Many Religious bodies

vi. Many (NGOS) - Non- governmental organizations etc

were looked at.

LIMITATIONS OF STUDY:

The researcher in carrying the research work

encountered many problems, ranging from time constraints,

poor responses, financial constraints etc.

FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS:

The researcher had one time intended to drop this topic

due to logistics and financial constraints. Occasionally, getting

information from Abuja proves difficult due to what they call Non

Disclosure of officia~!nfor.g~ion no matter under any reason".

The use of E - mail and Websites could not solve matters

either in some cases due to apathy, indifference by some

officials - even though the research is primarily for academic

purposes.

However, handbooks, documents and even diskettes

were collected after incessant importunity, jaw-breaking

pressure and due to personal interest and tempo.

The researcher having considered the financial

involvements and other issues before him and bearing in mind

-. that the work was single-handedly sponsored plus the need to

meet up with the standard set for putting the work to its logical

and ~~haus t i ve c~n~~us ions , it is clear of the bottlenecks he

faced.

' POOR RESPONSES: Poor responses were caused by:

i. Fears of being exposed.

. . 1 1 . Fears of being retrenched or dismissed for revealing

official information and iii. General apathy. . .

Nonetheless, adequate facts were gathered for the

project work.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

CONCEPT OF CORRUPTION AND ITS ORIGIN

The word "corruption" is as old as man. The killing of

Abel by Cain his brother was a sign of corruption.

In I Sam Ch 8 V1 - 3: Two sons of Samuel, namely, Joel

and Abija were reported to be taking bribe and perverting

justice. Corruption and its negative effect have set many

countries far backwards, No wonder, it is said, righteousness

exalts a nation but sin is a reproach to any people. (See

proverb, 14 V 34). The story of the then president of America

Richard Nixon and the "Watergate Scandal" showed that

corruption did not start today. The murder of king Duncan by

Macbeth and his wife in William Shakespeare's book,

"Macbeth" showed the sign of corrupt inordinate political

ambition. Nigeria taught Malaysia how to plant palm trees in

1971 but today Nigeria intends to Import same oil from

Malaysia. What a disgrace!.

Many observers believe that over 70% of corruption in

Nigeria is perpetrated by our leaders in Nigeria: Prove 29\12

states that when the righteous are in authority, the people

rejoice, but when the wicked rule, the people will groan.

CERTAIN COMMENTS BY SOME RENOWNED

SCHOLARS ON CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA.

According to Professor Emeritus, Chinua Achebe in his

book "THE TROUBLE WITH NIGERIA" Published by Fourth

Dimension Publishers Page 37 chapter 8," on corruption" He

said that an astonishing statement credited to 1979 -1983

second republic President, Alhaji Shehu Shagari was given

some publicity in Nigeria and abroad. He quoted Shagari as

saying that "there was corruption in Nigeria but it had not yet

reached an alarming proportions." Achebe suggested that

Shagari was possible not "living" in Nigeria for him to make that

statement. One of the penalties of exalted power is

LONELINESS.

Harnessed to the trappings of protocol and blockaded by a

buffer of grinning courtiers and sycophants, even a good and

intelligent leader will gradually begin to forget what the real

world looks like.

What does a head of state or governor see when he is on

familiarization tour? Highways are temporarily cleared of

lunatics, by even more lunatic presidential escorts. Hitherto

.- impassable tracks freshly graded and even watered to keep

down the dust, buildings dripping fresh paint, well-fed

obsequious welcoming parties, garlands of colourful toilet

papers hung around the neck by women leaders, troupes of

cultural dancers in the sun and many other such scene of

consented citizenry. The above show the picture of how

Nigerian leaders do not know actually the correct situation :of

things happening in their area. Many people in the world

achieved rare leadership by their blunt and simple refusal to be

fooled by guided tours of their own country eg Haroun Rashid

an eighth century caliph of Baghdad who frequently disguised

himself and went unaccompanied into the streets of his city by

day or night to see the life of his subjects in its ungarnished or

and uncensored reality.

"Corruption in Nigeria has passed the alarming and entered the

fatal stage, and Nigeria will die if we keep pretending that she is

only slightly indisposed"

The Weekly star of 15 May 1983 has this on its front page titled

the Nigerian and corruption "Keeping an average Nigerian

' from being corrupt is like keeping a goat from eating yam"

Well, goat needs yams because it is food, corruption is

not food, and corruption is predominant among the powerful in

Nigeria. Gen Babangida recently wrote a letter to all natio~al

legislators on 14'~ ~ecember 2003. In fact, he distributed

copies in the law makers' pigeon holes and circulated them'to

many media houses indirectly begging for forgiveness. His

regime is remembered daily for institutionalizing corruption. He

planted the seed of the country's economic problems and the

annulment of the June 12 1993 presidential election. Having

been the major "institutionalizer" of corruption, what is not

certain is whether families of Nigerians who died during the

June 12 struggles or whose businesses folded up or whose life-

savings were trapped in those fly-by-night banks during the

structural adjustment years are ready to forgive and forget. The

families of late M.K.0 Abiofa, Dele Giwa, Gani Fahwenmi etc

will surely not forget if at all they will forgive. He (1BB) is writing

because of 2007 presidential election Pet Project.

If he was sincere, why did he not appear before Retired

Justice Chukwudifu Oputa Panel during Public Hearing on how

best to reconcile Nigerians. Why did Bu hari, 166, Abdusalami

Abubakar all evade Oputa Panel?

The Nobel prize winner in literature Prof Wole Soyinka

reported that this

generation. This is

Nigeria.

generation of Nigerians is a wasted

due to maladministration & corruption in

THE MONUMENTAL CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA:

Many people believe that Nigerians are corrupt in almost

all facets of their lives. Different ministries and government

Agencies are bedeviled with corruption as shown below:

THE POLICE: A document prepared by a group of research

experts, commissioned by the federal ministry of finance

listed 30 most corrupt institutions in Nigeria with the police as

the most corrupt and the state budget authorities as the least

corrupt. The survey said that 73.4 percent of those polled

among households rated the integrity of POLICE as the lowest.

Whereas 67.9 percent of government officials said the police

was very dishonest as against eight percent of house holds, ., . .

13.7 percent enterprises, and 11.3 percent of public officials

rated the police as being A L W L E BIT HONEST. While the

police was rated so poorly on the point of integrity, only 52.7

percent of the households rated traffic wardens and federal

road safety corps (FRSC) members as very dishonest. Police

had been indicted on series of atrocities and their inability to

combat crime. Example, many Nigerians believe that the police

knew the actual killers of late chief Bola lge (former minister of

Justice) and late Harry Marshall, former south south vice

chairman of All Nigeria Peoples Party, ANPP but failed to a

apprehend them. "The police men know the criminals. They

know those who are terrorising this country, but they will ndt

arrest themn. A few days after former President lbrahim

Badamosi Babangida asked his Inspector General of Police,

"where is Anini?" Police arrested the notorious armed robber

. 4 .

Lawrence Anini in 1986 and his killer gang. Recently,

Hammani Tidjani who attempted to kill president Obasanjo's

daughter Was quickly arrested and detained because

president's daughter was involved.

President Olusegun Obasanjo (OM) himself told a

moving story in his book captioned THIS ANIMAL CALLED

MAN" In the book he exposed the level of corruption In the

police. It has to do with how an innocent man was executed by

firing squad simply because he could not offer a N500 bribe to

secure his release from detention. According to the story,

policemen picked the young man aRer a robbery incident and

locked him up. ARer thorough investigation, policemen found

him innocent. Police demanded for a N500 bribe, which the

man could not pay. In anger, the police tortured him until he

wrote to lie that he participated in the robbery incident. The

court sentenced him to death by firing squad based on the

forced confession and he was executed.

In Enugu on June 10 2003, a police man opened fire on a

helpless motorcyclist (aka) okada and killed the helpless man

because he did not offer N20 bribe.

In News Watch Magazine of December 22, 2003 page 37

captioned; Murder Again at the ROAD BLOCK - written by

Modupe Ogunbayo. Iri the report, the Kogi State police

command killed Ibrahim Musa - a gold medalist and captain of . . .

Nigeria' cycling team to the last edition of All Africa Games

(COJA) and his two friends by policemen. Musa and his

friends, Mohammed Salisu, a student of Kaduna State '

Polytechnic and Sadiq Mahmud.- a manager of a clearing and

fowarding company were killed by policemen along

LokojalOkene Road, November, 26. They were on their way

from Kaduna to Lagos to make last minute shopping

arrangement for Musa's wedding scheduled for November 28

when they met their death. The happy-trigger policemen

opened fire on flimsy reason that they did not stop at road

block.

CORRUPTION IN NEPA:

The type of corruption in National Electric Power Authority

is very alarming. NEPA's indictment by many observers may

not come as a surprise given its notoriety and inability to meet

consumer demands.

Many house holds rated the authority as very corrupt and unreliable.

The survey's poor rating of NEPA is coming against the background

that, the present administration since it inception in May 29'" 1999

has allocated several billions of Naira to NEPA to purchase and

install new equipment and ensure uninterrupted electricity supply

nationwide. After spending so much on NEPA, the president

felt bold to say during his second year in office that the nation

' was going to enjoy constant power supply, but that has

remained a mirage. If NEPA had taken Two Steps forward, it

has taken ten steps backward. W hat an eye sore! The

situation is so bad. NEPA officials have their various ways of

, perfecting corrupt practices. Sometimes, they would help

customers to cancel their bills after payment of 40 or 50 percent

of such bills as bribe. In my investigation. I learnt that

NEPA could cancel the entire bills of N100,OOO with payment

of between N5000 to N 10,000 to the officials. Also organizers . . .

of social function know what to do if they do not want them

ruined by NEPA. They pay NEPA officials in their localities to

avoid power outage. Some NEPA officials claimed that NEPA

has most watertight accounting system in the country.

One of such officials is Mr. Pekun Adeyanju Principal public

Affairs Manager of NEPA Enugu District who was recently

transferred to Lagos. Member of NEPA staff reading meters

are also corrupt. Although, it takes two to tango ( ie agree).

The man who does not pay his bill and the meter reader

who collaborate together to defraud NEPA are all corrupt. "The

situation is so bad that the original intention of the government

.. for pumping huge sum of money into NEPA for an un

interrupted power supply that will promote small scale business

and curtail rural urban migration seems to be defeated" Ugwu

Thomas stated.

CORRUPT POLlTlClANS AND THE NATION

Many corrupt politicians control the political parties. Many

of the thirty political parties are lame-duck political parties -

who only wanted registration to get mobilization m&ey from Dr.

Abel Guobadia's Natior~al Electoral Commission. Political

parties being the ideological power house of civilian

administration are st~pposed to live above board. That has not

been the case. Infact. there are reports that these parties are

the main avenues for promoting corrupt practices in the country

through god "fatherism", extortions and unexecuted contracts.

Oyedele Johnson, a public commentator in Lagos, argued

during an interview in Lagos that a corrupt ruling party would

always produce a corrupt government. 'You cannot separate

legislators at the federal, state and local government councils

from the cardinal ideologies of their political parties. The

Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) gave Obasanjo a second term

ticket because; it is satisfied with his performance. The parties

are corrupt. So far OBASANJO'S COMMITMENT TO

ERADICATE CORRUPTION IS DOUBTFUL. He has kept

sealed lips on the abortive civilian coup of July 10, 2003,

against Chris Ngige, Governor of Anambra State because the

major actors in the case are the financiers of the ruling party

(POP). Many people have argued that likes of Christ Uba, self

acclaimed god father of Anambra politics, Chuma Nzeribe, and

Raphael lge then retired Assistant Inspector General of Police

(now late) should be tried for treason but nothing has been

done. Various media reports like that of News watch magazine

learnt that recommendations of various committees on the

matter appeared to have been swept under the carpet because

the president would want the principal actors, especially Uba

his lackey to be protected. A lackey is a man servant who

obeys orders without questioning. Obasanjo was reported' to

be against the trial of UBA and his cohorts because of his

closeness to the Uba family. That act of favouritism has shown

the rot in the political parties. Uba has also enjoyed the open

support of the police and goes about with a convoy of armed

police men.

CORRUPTION SITUATION IN SOME MINISTRIES:

The executive arms of the Federal, State and Local

government councils were not only abusing the contract.

awarding procedures in their departments but the processes

were poorly executed. It is generally acknowledged that

government contracts are poorly executed or even officials who

are expected to oversee them often become accomplices of the

defaulting contractors after being handsomely gratified. Those

who award contracts after receiving gratifications are not in a

proper position to see proper implementation of the projects.

Little wonder, that the Transparency International ranked

Nigeria as the "SE,COND most CORRUPT COUNTRY IN THE

. . .

WORLD". The first most corrupt country according to

Transparency International ranked Bargladesh as the most

corrupt country in the World. The president of Nigeria

Olusegun Obasanjo admitted that much in his nation wide

broad cast of October 8, 2003. He further said that the

deregulation of the down stream oil sector was adopted

because investment of more than $400m on the Turn-Around

Maintenance (TAM) and repairs had not improved the

performance of the Nigerian Refineries because of corruption.

Despite a catalogue of urifinished or abandoned projects, which

apparently has crippled the refineries, the culprits are still

roaming about the streets untouched. It is widely believed that

0basar;jo who is fully in charge of the petroleum ministry, is

shielding the contractors because they are mainly money bags

who helped in funding his election campaigns and that the TAM

contracts were meant or used to settle them. Gani Fawehinmi-

a human right activist and Senior Advocate of the masses

(SAM), a legal luminary stated that refineries were grounded

because the contract for their repairs were fraudulent "None of

the refineries is working because contracts for the Turn Around

Maintenance were given to corrupt political cohorts on corrupt

terms and at the end of the day, nothing came out of it

successfully.

THE SITUATION AT NNPC:

Oil is today the mainstay of the Nation's economy as

more than 80% of the total revenue is derived from crude oil

sales. The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation is at the

centre of corruption as many accusing fingers are being pointed

at NNPC. Actual Revenue realized from the sale of crude oil

and other petroleum resources and natural gases are being

questio,ned .

l-famman Tukur, Chairman, Revenue Mobilization

Allocation and Fiscal Commission - RAAFC stirred the hornets

nest when he alleged that the NNPC had been defrauding the

country of huge sums of money. According to him, the

commission discovered that 445,000 barrels of crude oil sold by

the NNPC between January and July 2002, were not accounted

for in its financial report.

Tukur declared that within the 7-month period, there was

a short fall of N302 billion as undeclared revenue.

The RMAFC chairman persistently asked the presidency

to request Jackson Gaius Obaseki - former group managing

director of NNPC, to refund the remaining money into

government's coffers.

The joint panel of the National Assembly had a few weeks.:

ago made spirited efforts to investigate the alleged fraud in

NNPC but it later fizzled out. From media reports and my

observations, the leadership of the ruling PDP and the

presidency combined to stop the much expected full-scale

investigation of the revenue profile of the NNPC by the National

Assembly.

It was gathered that the presidency and PDP hierarchy

called for the suspension of the probe because of the possible

negative signal it might send abroad about corruption in

Nigeria, particularly, because Obasanjo oversees the petroleum

ministry.

There appears to be a considerable consensus among

Nigerians that by not allowing the probe of NNPC, Obasanjo

was tacitly covering up the fraudulent activities of a parastatal

under his portfolio.

Abubakar Urnar, a former military governor of Kaduna

State said that he was amazed that the president was micro-

managing the NNPC directly, and yet the institution was riddled

with corruption. "I will be bold to say that inspite of the

president's decision to keep close watch over NNPC, it is today .. . . . .

one of the most corrupt institutions. 1 say this with all sense of

responsibility. My aim of making this disclosure is to cause the

authorities to correct the situation" - he declared.

Nigerians were amazed by a recent media report that

NNPC spent a whopping N240m on Jackson Gaius Obaseki's

hotel bill at the NlCON Hilton Hotel, Abuja. He was in the hotel

for 4 years at the cost of N 156000 daily.

The President sacked Obaseki and 27 Senior Officials of

NNPC in the month of November 2003. Corruption in the

Obasanjo administration is legendary. In these 4 years of his

government, Obasanjo's ministers stole more than N23 billion

from the Public Coffers. An audit report revealed by Vincent , .

Azie, the then acting auditor - general of the Federation said

the amount represented financial frauds ranging from

embezzlement, payments for jobs not done, over - invoicing

double debiting, inflation of contract figures to release of money

without the consent of approving authorities in 10 major

ministries.

The report by Azie elicited controversy because of some

shocking details of financial misappropriation in the respective

ministries. But alas, instead of cautioning the ministers whose

ministries were named in the fraud or sending them to ICPC for

further investigation, the government hastily retired Azie for

procedural offences. Nothing is being said about the stolen

money again. MANY OBSERVERS BELIEVE THAT AZIE'S

HASTY RETIREMENT BY THE GOVERNMENT WAS A TRUE

SIGNAL THAT THE PRESIDENT WAS NOT TRULY

COMMITTED TO HIS AVOWED FIGHT AGAINST

CORRUPTION.

ICPC IS A COMATOSE COMMISSION COSMETICALLY

INSTITUTED BY A LACKADAISICAL PRESIDENT WHOSE

INSINCERITY AND APATHY TOWARDS CORRUPTION IS . . . . ,

VISIBLE.

According to Abukakar Umar, - 'Here was a most rare.

morally - courageous public servant . . . . Who was willing to put

his career on the line by challenging the excesses of the

* ministries. This rare gem is any leader's God-sent servant.

Now, instead of decorating this man with the highest honour in

the land, he was called all sorts of names and was tragically

retired". This is a case of how Obasanjo is fighting corruption in

Nigeria. ONE WONDERS If THE ICPC IS NOT JUST A

SLEEPING COMMISSION POSSIBLY A TOOTHLESS BULL

DOG, A LAME DUCK WHICH IS DEAF AND DUMB.

THE HYDRA - HEADED MONSTER CALLED CORRUPTION

IN THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.

Members of the state houses of assembly, the House of

Representatives are all corrupt in various degrees. The total

membership of house of Representative is 360 while that of

Senate is 109 in number. In 2003 idel Fitri anniversary by the

Muslims, the presidency gave each Senator N2 million naira Bs

Sallah gift. Corruption in Nigeria is given all sorts of names like

kickback, gift, public relation money, etc. This means

N218million was spent to gratify the Senators. The 2003

supplementary Appropriation bill was passed recently to take

care of: (i) Nigerian Soldiers in Liberia, (ii) Monetisation policy

.. issues, (iii) The hosting of 8 ' 9 1 1 Africa games (COJA) which

gulped N100 billion and that of Common Wealth Heads of State

Meeting held in Abuja recently which gulped N3 billion Naira.

2003 Christmas is 8 days away who knows what the presidency

will dole out to each Senator for Christmas when the entire

citizens have been afflicted with the bread of Affliction in terms

of hard unprecedented economic squeeze.

To many Nigerians, corruption appeared to have clipped

the wings of the nation's law-makers. They exist as rubber

stamp and are at the whims and caprices of the executive arm

of government. It could be recalled that Mallam Nasir-El-Rufai,

minister of the Federal Capital Territory and former director -

general of the B m a u for Public Enterprise (BPE) Jolted the

nation about 3 month ago when he alleged that Senator lbrahtm

Mantu deputy Senate President and Jonathan Zwingina, deputy

senate leader demanded N54 million from him for the post of

the ministerial nominee when he appeared for screening before

the senators.

It was disclosed as reported by News watch and other

print media that Zwingina alone benefited from another N150

million through a third party who made the demand for el-Rufai.

Although, the rnirlister did not oblige, vice president Atiku

Abubakar was alleged to have given him N150 million through

one of his aides. The money was meant to be shared by all

the senators to ensure easy passage for the vice - president's

candidates. It was gathered that Zwingina alone took the

money and traveled abroad with his wife without sharing it with

his colleagues.

Mantu and Zwingina met their match as el-Rufai who

exposed them said that the duo demanded N54 million from

him (Rufai) to persl~ade Adolphus Wabara the senate president

who they claimed was bent on stopping his (Rufai's) clearance. .. , \ . .

According to el.-Rufai's testimony, Mantu and Zwingina

said 'they were both killed in the art of persuasion and would

need to recruit an army of senators, most of whom believed that

he made money as director - general of the Bureau for Public

Enterprises (BPE). Mantu had promised to give each senator

N 1 m to secure their loyalty.

According to Oserheremen Osunbor Professor of law and

chairman, senate committee on judiciary, said that there might

be some truth in el-Rufai's claims, saying that the allegation

might be a challenge to purge the senate of corrupt elements.

According to him, even before el-Rufai spoke out, he had clues

about the allegation.

ADAMS Oshiomhole - president of Nigeria labour

congress (NLC) wants the senate to clear out everybody

involved in the bribery scandal - both those named and those

who shared with them; if not, Nigeria will say goodbye to

democracy adding that "democracy cannot survive when the

head is rotten"

Instead of referring the matter to the court or ICPC,

colleagues of Mantu and Zwingina in the senate dismissed it for

lack of evidence. Olormnimbe Mamora, chairman of the

committee, which looked into the matter, hurriedly closed it and

promised to reopen it only after el-Rufai had furnished himwith

concrete evidence.

So far there seems to be no concrete fight against the

monstrous corruption. Between May 29, 1999 to April 2003.

there had been series of allegations of corruptions in both the

upper house and lower house of the National Assembly. .. . . , .

The senate presidents: ranging from Evans Enwerem, to

late Dr. Chuba Okadigbo, (the flamboyant politician) and down

to Chief Anyim Pius Anyim, there were cases of series of

financia! impropriety in various stages at various dates.

Example, construction of street light from Apo villa to Eagle

Square gulped N175 million while according to prudent reliable

estimates, the contract cot~ld not have taken above N30 million.

The ex-speaker, House of Representatives, Alhaji Umar

Ghali N'abba was accused of being involved in series of

fraudulent and corrupt practices, however, he was shielded by

the Northern Hegemony and he survived many impeachment

attempts. Corruption Saqa in the National Assembly is a Can

of worms and it goes like a hurricane wind.

WASTEFUL EXPENDITURE OF N30 BILLION NAIRA IN

HOSTING COMMON WEALTH HEADS OF GOVERNMENT

MEETING IN ABUJA.

The just concluded biennial conference of the 54 member

.. nations of common wealth is regarded as the second highest

gathering of sovereign nations in the world. The highest is the

United Nations. They come together to jaw-jaw on issues of

mutual strategic interests. USA, the police of the entire world,

though a British colony is not among the common wealth. .. . . ..

America got her Independence on July 4 1776.

Why should Obasanjo spend so much money? Is it to

learn democratic virtues when CHOGM does not practice

democratic virtues? Otherwise, why should there be

permanence of the Queen of England as the constant Head of

the Common Wealth? Why must Queen Elizabeth II remain the

unchangeable permanent Head of CHOGM? After all, are they

not all 54 sovereign nations of equal status?

Obasanjo told us that there are lots of tangible and

intangible benefits to be gained from the common wealth.

Undoubtedly, no association, the common wealth inclusive is

useless without benefits. Tangible benefits are below

expectations. For instance, when Nigeria during the reign of

the late Tyrant, in 1995, Gen Sani Abacha was suspended from

the Common Wealth, nobody seemed to have noticed. In

essence there was no dramatic and substantial impact on the

nation. Truly, apart from the Common Wealth Scholarships

which are few and in between for the avalanche of intellectual

minds in the country, the people never really felt the sanctions

imposed on Nigeria by the Common Wealth in 1995. Thus, the

ban on Nigeria occasioned by the hanging of Ken Sarowiwa

and eight other Ogoni activists was merely symbolic. General

Abacha actually intensified his rampage with the Common

Wealth watching hands akimbo, having done its worst .by

suspending the country.

It is this ceremonial status of the Common Wealth that

has rendered Obasanjo's hosting of the events a huge waste of

the nation's scare resources. With a saggim and deflated

reputation at home, tho government of Obasanjo which has lost

its way in the labyrinth of our national challenges and problems

saw the CHOGM event hosting as a good and viable public

relation outlet.

OBASANJO saw a window of opportunity to show-case

Nigeria's rickety democracy as world class and attract the much

desired foreign investments. However, if the government

thought it could capitalize on the first class hosting facilities, the

nation painfully provided for her guests, to ask for debt

forgiveness, the Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien burst

L Common Wealth

right remarks of

creditor nations'

that dream. Hence, the greatest lesson of the

Meeting in Abuja was learnt from the forth

Chretien when he reiterated the stance of

unwillingness to forgive our debtsn

Chretien told Newsmen that Nigeria is indeed not a poor

nation, not with the abundance of wealth flaunted in Abuja and

the first class facilities provided. The logic is simple. "If the

nation could adequately host Africa during the 8'h AII Africa

games in Abuja and now the 54 member nations of Common

Wealth - all within a space of six weeks with world-class . . " . .

facilities running into billions of dolhrs, then such a nation

cannot be described poor". This is the story of Nigeria, we are

rich, we shoufd pay our debts and get our priorities right.

Observers feel that Obasanjo sees such white elephant

projects like CHOGM, COJA as conduit pipe to waste money

and siphon public funds and satisfy his cronies to the detriment

of the average Nigerian.

President Olusegun Obasanjo's administration, ever-

complaining of shortage of funds to execute capital projects and

always on knees before international creditors, praying for debt

forgiveness spent N30 billion on "Chewing gum" as CHOGM

has come to be known in some quarters in a quintessential

display of primordial "OWAMBE" spirit.

CAUSES OF CORRUPTION

It goes with power. Nigerians are corrupt because the

system under which they live make corruption easy and

profitable. They will cease to be corrupt when corruption is

made difficult and inconvenient.

In concord news paper of 1 6 ~ ~ May 1983, the headline is

FRAUD AT P&T, followed by a saying from then

communication minister and as at today 2om Dec. 2003 - National chairman of P.0.P - Chief Audu Ogbeh said that the

federal government is losing N5om every month as salaries" to

non -existent workers. This would be N600m yearly. What of

other departments in P & T? What of fraud in other ministries in

"

both state and federal levels?

When late Dr. Chuba Okadigbo was the senate president

N175m contract was awarded to put street light from Apo-villa

to Eagle square; According to reliable estimates, one could

have finished that contract with less than N30 million.

We count in millions, talk in millions as if it is at beck and

call. 2004 budget will not be in millions not, in billions but

projection of N1.16 trillion. IT IS VERY ASTONISHING TO

KNOW THAT IT IS NOT UP TO ONE MILLION DAYS SINCE

JESUS CHRIST CAME AND WE TALK OF FRAUDS IN

MILLIONS. The twelve billion Naira windfall oil money during

the Gulf war as at today has not been accounted for by Retired

Major Gen. Ibrat~irn Badamasi Babangida.

This is a tip in the icr? berg Much more above that, were

stalked in Swiss banks by our leader(s). The irony is that all

those past corrupt leaders were recently conferred with

National awards. For example, lBf3 bagged GCFR, Grand

commander of the federal republic (GCFR).

Daily Times of 16"' May 1983 editorial head line: "THE

FAKE IMPORTER: "They bring us another revelation, this time

at the ports - a story of Nigerian importers who having applied

for, and obtained scarce foreign exchange from the central

bank Ostensibly to pay for raw materials oversees, leave the

money in their banks abroad and ship to Lagos containers of

mud & sand!

A document prepared by a group of research experts,

commissioned by the federal ministry of finance listed 30

most corrupt institt~tions in Nigeria and the researcher

probed to know why many Nigerians were corrupt in both

private and public organizations and they got critical

answers as:

(1) low salary earned by public officials was cited as one of

the reasons.

(2) Lack of transparent and accountable political process.

Look at the massive election rigging in April 2003, during

the governorshiplpresidentiaI elections.

(3) Lack of effective corruption reporting system

(4) Lack of independent and effective judiciary,

(5) Poor economic policies.

The Report found that Nigerians give bribe to get

government contracts and to influence policies, laws and

regulations. It says further that Nigerians give bribe to get

connected to public services such as electricity and telephone,

to evade paying taxes and undermine tax collection in the , * . . . .

country. It is now official that, going by the corruption survey

reports, the national, and state Houses of Assembly are knee-

deep in corruption. With this published report on corruption in

Nigeria, (ICPC)-The ANTI-GRAFT COMMISSION now knows

where the shoes pinch the nation.

Hopefully, the report would be the impetus the

commission needed to wage and win its war against corruption

in Nigeria.

Other causes of corruption include, desire for" fornication,

impurity, licentiousness idolatry, sorcery, enmity, strife,

jealousy, anger, setfishness, dissension, party spirit, envy

drunkenness carousing and the like" - Galatians ch 5v19.

GIANT MOVES BY ICPC:

Recently, according to Nigerian Tribune of Tuesday

January 27 2004 front page: by one Bola Badmus captioned:

N22 billion oil money: Obaseki dragged to ICPC.

It was reported that former group managing director of the

NNPC, Mr. Jackson Gaius Obaseki and managing director of

PPMC Ms. Dan Nzelu have been dragged before the ICPC over

an alleged theft of N22 billion which ought to have accrued to

Nigeria from sales of crude oil.

ROUND TRIPPING: In a related development, the

Economic and financial crime commission has been urged to

probe Continental Trust bank on account of Round Tripphg:

involving over two million dollars. The detailed story was that

senator Chris Adighije (Abia Central) said his company CINAB

Engineering and Geological Services Ltd was not owing the

bank the sum of N675m as claimed by the bank. According to

ttle Statement, the bank was owing his company N101.2m as

discovered by Messrs Nnamdi Okwuadigbo and Co., a firm of

chartered accour~tants.

In its editorial of 271112004, Nigeria Tribune reported that

The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) says

it has information that some governors in the country have

' illegally acquired houses abroad, most of which are in London.

The chairman of the commission, Mr. Nuhu Ribadu said he

could not investigate them (the governors) because of the

immunity enjoyed by the governors under section 308 (1) of the

1999 constitution.

Governors are barred from acquiring foreign asset white

in office. Public officers are expected to declare their asset to

the code of conduct Bureau before assuming office and also at

the expiration of their tenure. The EFCC chairman criticized

this procedure, describing it as a post-mortem.

Despite the excruciating poverty situation in the country, it

appears some leaders have no intention of reducing the

hardship of the masses contrary to their electioneering

promises. Instead, they have concentrat~!1 on treasury looting,

usirlg property i w ~ s t ~ w w l as a camo~~fhge. Now, only six

months into a new tenure, it is disheartening that 20 governors

have, one way or the other siphoned money out of the country

to buy properties ?broad not minding the parlous state of the

economy.

INDEPENDENT CORRUPT PRACTICES' COMMISSION AND

ITS ROLE SO FAR.

Since the inauguration of the Independent Corrupt

Practices and other Related Offences commission (ICPC)

headed- by Retired Justice Mustapha Akanbi in 2000 by

President Olusegnn Obasanjo, many Nigerians 1 personally

interviewed in Fn~rgu -- Metropolis mainly form Enugu State

University of Science ar~d Technology, ESUT; Institute of

Management a Technology IMT; Civil servants from State and

Federal Secretariat, affirmed that not much had been done by

the commission to fight corruption.

Obasanjo in his address to the opening session of the

biennial convention of the Nigerian Guild of Editor's (NGE) in

Abuja on 15"' I k c 7W3. Monday stated that over N50 billion

has been saved in the last two years through the due process

mechanism established by the federal government to check

corrirption and waste in the management of public funds. The

president also f~red tfre Acting managing director of the Federal

roads maintenance agency (FERMA) Malam Sani Haliru and

dissolved its governing board apparently over the poor state of

road in the country. Haliru was replaced with the Deputy

Director High ways (South East) Mr. D.K. Jime. Obasanjo

avowed his commitment to fight corruption, pledged that no

stone would be left unturned in ensuring probity and

transpqrency in rnanagernent of public funds "we will ensure

that all actions that detract us from the attainment of this

objective are discowaycd and punished" he said. He pointed

out that the recenlly established Economic and financial crimes

commission wrwld cnnlirwe to receive strong government

backing to enable them achieve the purposes for which they

were estabkhed - Daily Times page 29 Wednesday Dec. 17,

2003.

$ 21 4 MII,LION IDENTITY. CARD SCAM-MATTERS ARISING

AND THE FACTS BEFORE ICPC. . The ider~tily cards project was doomed to fail since the

idea was put forward in '1979. Although the ID card project

was noble i r ~ idea as the project comprised 3 main phases:

a. Citizens' registration, data and collation

b. Data processing, finger print authentication

c. Card personalization. The lofty aim was to provide the

country with a veritable statistical data as source for

sustainable and dependable planning.

BELOW IS A CHART CONCERNING THE ISSUES OF ID

CARD --- YEAR .

~

1979 - . - ----

1980

1981

1982

AMOUNT SPENT - --. INITIATOR .. .

Military head of State

3lusegu Obasanjo

3ecree No 51 was enacted

-3 Alhaji Shehu Shagari

I President

2000 year: N17 Billion President Olusegun Obasanjo

gave marching order to then minister for Internal Affairs,

Sunday Afolabi

Now, ICPC is investigating the scandal. The ID Card

scam is an icing on the rotten cake of monumental fraud.

Reports have it that soon afler assumption of office in

" 1999, top civil servants in the Internal Affairs ministry paid

Afolabi an enlightenment visit,. Ostensibly to open his eyes to

the real cash cow in his ministerial garden: -not the customs

service, Immigration or prison service but the National Identity

card project.

ON-GOING INVESTIGATION BY ICPC ,. . . . .

Credible evidence against Afolabi, Hussani Akwanga -

sacked labour minister; Mahmud Shalta, Ms R.O. Akerale, Dr.

Okwesili Eze Nwodo - former governor of Enugu State,

Christopher Agidi-the former director of Department of National

Civic Registration (IINCR) and Niyi Adelagun, the

representative of S a g m in Nigeria the company now at the

centre of the shady deal.Some bigwigs in the ministries of

finance, J~rst iw arld intrrrngl Affairs are ivvrllved in the scandal.

At the corporate Iwel, t h ~ likes of Gaon-owned Afro Continental

Nigeria Lirrrit~d, Afropirn Nigeria Limited and hydreomal S.A are

involved. Others inclurlr! Chams Nig. Ltd, French Sagem 9. A

and Dutch Tekcom arrd Associates and computronic Tech.

Limited.

Apart from the above, there are many can of worms:

i. The can of worms over Abubaka Audu's acquisition of

palatial mansions in London and United States, it was to

act as a catalyst to the government avowed claim to battle

corruption to a stand still. The prirna-facie case

establishd against the former governor of Kogi State

could r~nt be legitirnized, yet months after leaving office

and after losing his immunity status, Audu is still a .fr-ee

man.

ii. Ditto for Adebayo Adefarati over the plot on Go-gate

Victoria Islmd property.

iii. Julir~s Makanj!sota's below the table deals as a former

permanent secretary in the federal ministry of defence.

iv. Chief Tony Anenih who has failed to convince Nigerians

that N320 billions was indeed spent to put our deplorable

roads in good shape. Or did he give proper accounts of

the NIO billion NAPEP funds while our graduates roam . . .

the streets for non existent white collar jobs?

IMPACT OF ICPC ACTIVITIES ON NIGERIANS

It is as clear as crystal that ICPC positive impacts as to

serve as a deterrent to others is yet to be felt. That ICPC will

try Afolabi, Nwodo ,Shelta and Akwangu is still yet in progress

and one cannot say that they have been convicted "after all, an

accused is presumed innocent until found guiltyn

THE RECENT INTENTION OF MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF

REPRESENTATIVES TO DRAG MRS. DUPE ADELAJA TO

ICPC IS COMMENDABLE:

The recent decision to take ex-minister Mrs. Dupe Adelaja

the then minister of state for defence and erstwhile chief of

defence staff Admiral lbrahim Ogohi retired to ICPC over their

alleged refusal to appear before the House Committee on

defence to explain how military pension fund was spent during

their tenure is a welcome development.

ABNORMAL SALARIES OF SOME MINISTERS

Sunday Sun March 7, 2004 page 35 captioned OKONJO-

IWEALA and her $247,000 salary: it read in part, "it is quite

disheartening that each time the wind blows, and the rump of

the Federal government's fowl is exposed we see only ugly

things, if it is not thieving ministers, it is tokunbo presidential

jets.

Is It because our leaders think or believe that nobody will

know what they do in the dark? And they do not seem to weigh

the implications of their actions".

The finance minister gets $247,000 salary compared to

American president who gets $1 90,000 (According to 1997

American book of Facts and Almanac).

It is high time our creditors come calling. They need not

listen to our pleas any longer, because we are not as poor as

we claim to be. When the ACT Number 6 of 2002 prescribes a

yearly salary of N7,94,045 for every minister -why shift the goal

post for Okonjo lweala and Adeniji? The paper quoted that the

prescribed salary for ministers is nauseatingly low for the job

ministers do and the responsibilities they carry, and there is no

decency in singling out two ministers for salaries that are far

and above their peers.

MINISTERS OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA

SHOULD RECEIVE BEFITTING SALARIES DENOMINATED

.. IN NAIRA EVEN IF THEY ARE INVITED FROM THE MOON. It

is Okay to offer a mouth -watering package if you are poaching

staff from a highly placed organization like world bank.

Now that the federal government has created a bad

precedent and given chief Gani Fawehinmi another cause to

head for the courts, are we supposed to believe in this system

and its double standard? THE ANSWER is NO. You cannot

trust a father who treats his children differently. This is

discrimination and does not show equality or equity in any way.

The president cannot continue to do everything to

engender distrust in this administration, only to turn around to

accuse us of impatience.

VIICWS O F 0 1 ISh.lINEN'1' NIC;I?lUANS AIIOU'I' A S 0

INNK l5lClNG l ~ l ~ ~ ~ A l t l ~ l ~ l ~ A S SCAT OF' ( ' ~ l l < l < U l ~ ' l ' l O N .

l'hc Virms of I'vil:

" 0 1 3 5 is i~lfcctctl wilh thc scco~~d tcrm virus (STV). This virus

is mr>rc dcatlly than t l~c 11111~11 drcadcd I IIV/AI13S virus, for i t does not

kill in installn~cnts but i n tlrovcs. The virus is bcyond sickncss,

bcyond mndncss and cvct~ n tl~ndl~css beyond rcdemption. Wllen one

is i 11 fccted with t11c scc.cml tcrm virus, his thinking faculty gocs

bcrscrk illid ~ I ~ I c I I c ' c ~ ~ I : \ I CO-olditlation in all ratni fications is

co~nplctcly grountlcd." - 'l'yovcr Gum, (from Makurdi, k n u e State).

'l'llct'e are certain things that ought to bc done which arc not

~t are now bcing donc. For

instntlcc t l~c privatization qcndn. Wc don't want i t , I t i s against the

constitdon of ttic country ~~articularly as i t is bcing donc. l'lie

co~istitutiorl dcclarcs that ttlc cconotnic sector shal I bc operated and

maneged by the fcdcrnl govclnlncnt and if i t i s going to be otllcrwisc,

i t m s t bc passcd hy t l~c Nalionill Assct~~bly. 'I'o day everything has

heen sold in the mrm of priv:ltizstiou. ICvcr-ythi~~g is being

54

revcrsctl in tlic oil sector. Oar heritage is being mld. Our lives

arc being soltl. Osr iiloi.al sts t~ding a ~ i d f i ~ t i~re are being sold.

Everythi~tg is being sold. \Ve 1i:ive lost oar dignity.

"If tlic basis 1i)r scllit~g dl tlicsc is because thcy arc being badly

nl;~nnged and atlnii~iistcretl, tlicn I say the lirst placc or thing to bc

privotixrd is Aso lloek, hccnuw tlint is t l~c scat ol'conuption. 'l'liat is

the scat of inco~npctc~i~c. 'I'liiit is tlic seat of' misadri~inistration. Next,

scll tlic policc a d tlic army. Yo11 arc not doing tlicsc, but what our

leadcrs have labo~lrcd Tor nrc what you are sclling. Obasanjo has

disgraced and dcbnscd 11s. All over the world now, Nigerians don't

couti~ fiw atiytliing". - ( i n n i 1;aliwcnlni (the legal luminal-y).

l'lie Nationnl c:~rrier

'I'licrc i s no National carrier. All thcsc airlincs and co~npanics

arc just trcatitig 11s tlic way tlicy want. 'I'licy huniilinte us in their

planes and givc 11s all sorts of subst;~ndard food and so on because wc

don't havc a ~intional cat.ricr. C;lia~ia has onc. Calncroon and otl~ers

also have. A~i~ct-ica, I;ra~icc, lkglancl all have. You may say that

suksrnn~ ial parts of tlicir assc~s and opcrntion havc b c c ~ privatized.

Hut they havc Natiotid carriers.

"lf you dcbasc thc past of thc country and humiliate the present

thcn whcre is the hope fix the ruturc? 'I'he National Conscicr~ce Party

krlows that privatimtinn is an evil agenda and when we come to

powcr, wc shall revcrsc tl~osc dccisions. 'Those who have bought

those things arc just wasting tl~cir time", - Gani Fawhwcmi.

'I'hc Refineries and I k l I'riees

'fhcy cven said thcy are selling our refineries. We have fou; of

them. If thcy are producing at o p t i d level, they have capacity for 750,000

barrels per day. At thc molllent, thcy cannot refine up to 120,000 barrels per

day becausc Obasarlio wants i t 01at way. 'Thcy destroyect Kaduna refinery

and gavc the job t o onc or their cohorts and running dogs of the PDY. The

day i t was to bc tcst-ru11 i t caught fire. So nobody knows whether or not any

money was cxpendcd on it .

'Thcy just don't want to build IICW refincrics so that we can continue to

suffcr. Obasnnjo in five ycnrs hos not laid the foundation of one refine~y, for

obvious rcasons. I le wants to bc importing so that they can continue to

makc money through forcign exchange, while Nigcriat~s suffer; Liberia has

a rcllnery. Who built i t tIlercr? 'l'hcy take our crude oil to that placc-to rcfinc.

CHAPTER TF1REE

3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher dwelt on the design or the

research plan. In that regard therefore, the population of the

study, sample composition, research approach, research

instruments and method of analysis were discussed.

3.1 POPULATION OF STUDY

The target population for this study is the citizens of

Nigeria - comprising males, females of various races, religions,

and cultures: such as:

i. The lgbo's

ii. The Hausas

iii. The Yoruba's

iv. Efik and other tribes. Different categories of people were , .

specifically interviewed with respect to the subject matter

of this study.

For clarity pur-poses, the researcher interviewed some

staff of the Independent corrupt practices and other Related

Offences Commission (IC PC).

3.2 SAMPLE COMPOSITION

In all, eighty questionnaires were issued out to the

members of the public to answer on issues concerning

corruption in Nigeria and the role of (ICPC) - the Independent

Corrupt Practices Commission. In the following proportions and

were returned as follows:

YORUBAS

HAUSAS

OTHER TRIBES

TOTAL

30 Questionnaires

30 I 1

10 I 4

10 I 4

28 Returned -

25 It

8 16

5 Il

3.3 RESEARCH APPROACH:

Donald and HAWKINS 1978 p. 129) Submitted that in

casual research studies, attempt is made to specify the nature

of the functional relationship between two or more variables in

the problem situation model.

For this fact, it was revealed that the nature of this

research study hinges on casual approach which bears on

descriptive research. Descriptive research is basic for all types

of research in assessing the situation as a prerequisite to

inference and generalization. Descriptive designs have that

name because they describe phenomena without establishing

associations between factors.

The data may be:

1 The behavioral variable of people or other subject who

are under study; and the situational variables that existed

or. are forth coming. The descriptive design is placed

in a common denominator, that is the ability to measure

casual relationship.

3.4 HYPOTHESIS TESTING:

From the statement of the main problem which is "THE

INDEPENDENT CORRUPT PRACTICES AND OTHER

RELATED OFFENCES COMMISSION (ICPC) - THE

JOURNEY SO FAR",

different statements of sub-problems are developed and

from such sub-problems, different research hypotheses are

developed. Null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis are

used. Chi-square is applied as a technique for judging the

significance of such association or relationship between the

attributes.

Donald Hawkins further said that the most preferred

method is the survey research, survey research is used to

produce evidence or have a direct but practical approach to the

study.

3.4 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS:

Considering the method of investigation or research

approach used in this study, two instruments proved most

useful to collect the primary data.

These are:

I. The Questionnaire method and;

ii. Interview method

3.5 QUESTIONNAIRE:

Questionnaire is a formalized schedule for collecting data . .

from respondents and to obtain and record specified and

relevant information with tolerable accuracy and completeness,

for this reason, questionnaires were designed for this study. .

In designing questionnaire, the structured pattern was adopted;

conscious efforts were made to eliminate any ambiguous

questions that could be misleading.

The questions fell into the following categories:

Multiple choice questions. These comprise arrays of

suggested possible responses which the respondents will

choose from.

Open-ended questions. These were the second type of

questions which will offer the respondents greater

independence in expressing themselves.

Dichotomous questions: These type of questions will

make provisions for either or two opposed answer - Yes

or No.

3.5 METHOD OF ANALYSIS:

Data were collected from: (1) reports submitted by

Independent Corrupt Practices Commission to some

individuals. (2) firms, on issues indicting them, (3) public

reports. Open letters, different print and electronic

media reports on different corrupt practices in Nigeria were all

analyzed. Booklet on corrupt practices and other Related

Offences Act 2000, Reports by Transparency International,

Reports from Prof Chinua Achebe's book: "THE TROUBLE

WITH NIGERIA" - were carefully analyzed. In this case, -no

statistical test was undertaken beyond a re-classification of the

data eg classification of fraud by frequency and by value eg

amount of loss to banks and customers. Analysis of the field

survey and responses to the questionnaires on sampled

individuals were collated and classified. Percentage analyses

were used for hypothesis testing in conjunction and comparison

with figures obtained for calculated Chi-square and critical chi-

square.

If the calculated value of x2 exceeds the table value i.e.

(critical chi-square value). The null hypothesis is rejected;

hence we accept our alternative hypothesis. However, i f the

table value is more than the calculated value of >i! then the Null

hypothesis is accepted. Chi-square is applied as a technique

for judging the significance of such association or the

.. relationship between the attributes,

PRESENTATION OF DATA

Having gone this far, it is necessary that the data so far

gathered be codified and arranged properly to correspond to

specific sections of the problems. The essence is that data

relating to each hypothesis are classified and subjected to

statistical analysis to show whether the result obtained prove

the hypothesis accepted or rejected.

DiSTRl6UTiON AND COLLECTION OF QUESTIONNAIRES:

RESPONDENTS

Distribution

Total 80 100 66 I 00

No

The lgbos

The Yorubas

The Hausas

Efik and Others

YO P

30

30

10

I 0 -

Usable Data Collected

No

37.5

37.5

12.5

12.5

28

25

8

5

% Usable

42.42

37.88

12.12

7.58

The above table shows that 80 questionnaires were

distributed thus: 30, 30, 10, 10 to people of lgbo. Yoruba.

Hausa, E6k and other extractions respectively which represents

37.5%, 37.5%, 12.5% and 12.5%.

collection ie the number completed

66 or 82.5% of the questionnaires

Out of these, total usable

and returned amounted to

distributed. The returned

were as follows: 28 or 35% from lgbo people, 25 or 31.25%

from Yoruba people, 8 or 10% from Hausa people and 5 or

6.25% from Efik and other tribes.

HlSTORlCAL BACKGROUND OF CERTAIN ORGANISATIONS ON

Wt-ilCH INTERVIEWS WERE MADE ON ISSUES '

CONCERNING CORRUPTION. INTERVIEWS WERE MADE ON

NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY: (NEPA).

The National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) was

established by Decree No 24 of 1'' April 1972 with the

amalgamation of Niger Dams Authority (NDA) and Electricity

Corporation of Nigeria (ECN). NEPA was empowered to

maintain an efficient, coordinated and economic system of

electricity supply to all the nooks and crannies of the nation.

It started with only four power stations namely, qora,

Delta, Afam Thermal power stations and Kanji hydro - power

station sewing about one million customers nation-wide.

NEPA has become the fastest growing electricity industry in

Africa. The table below is the status of the electricity supply

system at its inception in 1972 compared with the 1996

position.

Electricity supply system

Total installed gen. Capacity

Nations peak demand

Length of 33kv lines about

Length of 132kv lines about

4 1 5v Network (Na tion-wide) a bou

NEPA has made giant stride in the production and

marketing of electricity to the Nation and beyond. A principal

beneficiary of NEPA'S extended electricity programme is Niger

Republic which is doing so under an agreement signed with

Niger Electric company (NIGERLEC,) that country's sole

electricity.

Similarly, in September 1996, an undertaking was signed

between National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) and

Comminaute Electrique De Benin (CEB) which is responsible

for the production and transportation of Electric Energy in the

Republics of Berlin and Togo.

With the nature and complex works of NEPA - there had

been series of corruption, vandalization of NEPA cables in

different parts of the country. As I was writing this project in my

room, I overheard on the Television, on NTA net work News

7pm - on the headline "HOODLUMS CAUGHT WHILE

VANDALIZING NEPA CABLES ALONG UDI-OJI R1VE.R

ROAD IN UDI. The News caster stated how they were nabbed

on loth December 2003. When (late) Chief Bola lge was

minister for mines and power, he was accused of lodging N1.2

Billion Naira NEPA money in his private fixed deposit Account.

The Senate Committee on Mines and Power interrogated him

on the matter.

HISTORICAI. ISSIJES IN DFFIINCT COOPERATIVE AND

LUMMLI(CI- BANK

The researcher - was in 1996 an Industrial Trainee in the

firm of Akintola Williams and Co. chartered Accountants and

had a bird's eye view on operations of CCB Ltd. The sign of

entropy in CCB Ltd was mainly due to mal-administration, over . .

-bloated figures and corruption.

Quite unlike CCB Ltd, First Bank PIC which was

incorporated in London on March 31'' 1894 with head office in

Liverpool under the corporate name of "The bank of British

West Africa" with a paid-up capital of $12,000.00 has been a

viable financial institution.

4.5 CLASSIFICATION OF FRAUD: NUMBER OF CASES

REPORTED BY YEAR.

Year Total Organizations -- ---

, NEPA

Public Offices

National 8 State Assemblies

Police

Total per year

4.4 TABULATION OF RESPONSES TO QUESTIONNAIRES BY

SOME MEMBERS OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS

INTERVIEWED:

Question - ----

What is corruption?

2. What are types of corruptions

(Tick as appropriate)?

3. Do you agree that corruption

is as old as man? ----- -

Do you believe that corruption

in Nigeria is increasing?

If your answer is yes in question 4, above, what are

the causes of corruption?

Opinion

a. Financial Corruption

b. Political Corruption

c. Social Corruption

d. All of -.- the --- above

a. Yes

b. No

a. Yes

b. No

a. Quest for material prosperity.

b. Many leaders are corrupt

RESPONSES TO QUESTION ONE

NEPA Public Offices National & State Police Assemblies

2 18 2 3

7 5 4 1

RESPONSES TO QUESTION TWO

-- ----------- - - - - -- is 25

--.-- -- 8

- -.- 5 -

RESPONSES TO QUESTION THREE -.+a*. 4 I." %

- - em . . r . *r-

28 20 6 4

0 5 2 'I

28- --.- - - -- - -

25 - . - - - . -- , --.

8 5

RESPONSES TO QUESTION FOUR

RESPONSES TO QUESTION FIVE

6 Do you believe that lCPC is a mere rubber stamp? Answer Yes

or No. under line,

CAUSES OF CORRUPTION:

In the course of this study, the following factors were identified

as some of the possible causes of corruption in both private

and public sector organizations. They are accordingly

presented in the order of severity thus:

i. Poor management controltinadequate supervision

. . Ir. Lack of effective punishment to serve as a deterrent to

others

iii. Bureaucratic bottleneck in prosecuting fraud

iv. Social values

v. Lack of leadership by example

vi, Nature of our nascent democratic experiment

vii.

viii.

ix.

X.

xi.

xii.

xiii.

, . . . .

Ownership structure - ie whether government, public or -

private organization

Poor salaries and other conditions of service causing staff

frustration occasiorlally

Tribalism, religious, sexual, political factors.

Nepotism

Inadequate training of personnel

Poor recruitment system

Indifference and entire apathy by the "injured" public.

EFFEGTIVE FRAUD PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN ENTIRE

NIGERIAN SOCIETY NEEDED TO COMPLEMENT THE ROLE

OF ICPC IN REDUCING CORRUPTION.

In a related development, other factors were equally

identified as effective in fraud and other corrupt practices

prevention and detection in so far as they are religiously applied

and adhered to by both the rank and file of management level

in both private and public levels of the entire citizenry. They are

also presented in the order of effectiveness.

1. Routine internal and external auditing and inspection.

2. Eschewing of nepotism, religious, tribal, social and

cultural sentiments in recruitment, selection and

placement of workers during employment.

3. Exhibiting patriotism and abiding by the tenets of love to

the nation & humanity.

4 Developing national orientation, creating more

awareness in education and conscience to fight

corruption in all ramifications.

5. Abiding by the fear of God in all our dealings.

6. Good organizational chartlflow of

responsibility/supervision

7. Adequate internal disciplinary action

8. Prompt prosecution of fraudsters by law enforcement

agents

9. Regular publications of disclaimers in the National dailies

of dismissed/eliniinated staff as a result of -fraud-related

activities.

10. Regular joblstaff rotation

Systematic staff training and retraining programmes .

Good employment procedure

Control on use of company assets/classified documents

Adequate internal control in private and public sectors.

Need to comply with companies and allied Matters Act

1990, Insurance Decrees of 1991 as amended, Banks

and other financial institutions Decrees of 1991 as

amended; etc.

Abiding by the Oath of Allegiance by public officers

Following the constitution of the Federal Republic of

Nigeria religiously, conscientiously in all Federal, State . . .

and Local Government issues.

Showing Equity and fair play; here, the Federal character

commission, code of conduct Bureau should intensify

their duties.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ANALYSIS OF DATA

4. I TEST OF HYPOTI-fESIS

According to late Dr. lkeagwu of the blessed memoly

(1 998, P. 110) hypothesis testing is the process of which belief

is tested by statistical means. A hypothesis is some testable

. belief or opinion, Hypothesis testing is a procedure often

employed in social and scientific research to test operational

statements in the form of theories or models. It is believed that

the result will agree with the theory. Each element in the

experiment has equal chances of being selected and the results

' of the experiment are accepted with a reasonable level of

confidence.

The Decision Rule is to reject the Null hypothesis (Ho)

and accept the alternative hypothesis (HE) if the calculated chi-

square is greater than the critical chi-square at given level of

significance and at a given degree of freedom.

5.1.1 TEST OF HYPOTHESIS 0NE:NOTE: HO: Represents the null

hypothesis HI: Rep-esents the alternative hypothesis

Ho: Effectively controlled fraud detection measures put in

place by the management of independent corrupt practices

commission (ICPC) do not ensure the adequacy of the job

performance of the commission

HI: Effectively controlled fraud detection measures put in

place by the management of independent corrupt practices

commission (ICPC) do ensure the adequacy of the job

performance of the commission.

TABLE ONE: CONTINGENCY TABLE ONE:

Effectiveness of fraud control

Very Effective Not effective --

z(6.36) 26(2 1.64)

5(5.68) 20(19.32)

Total

28

25

8

5 - --

66

5.1.2: COMPUTATION OF CHI-SQUARE USING

CONTINGENCY TABLE

Expected frequency is thus calculated

x2 = (oi - 1;i )7 -- -- -

xi

Where oi = observed frequency

Li = Expected frequency

Ei = Row Total x column Total -- - - - . . - - - - . - - - -

Grand Total

(Oi - ei)2

l9,Ol

0.46

1.39

14.90

19.01

0.46

1.39

14.90

DF = (C - 1) (R - 1) = (2 - l)(4 -1)

= (1) (3) =3

where Df = degree of freedom

C = Number of Columns

R = Number of Rows

x2 C = critical chi-square using. 0.01 level of significance.

The critical chi-square at 3 degree of freedom and 0.01 level of

significance.

x2 C3: 0.01 = I 1 345. . - . . .

Note: Accept the Null hypothesis where calculated chi-square

is less than critical chi-square; but if the calculated chi-square is

greater than the critical chi-square, Null hypothesis is rejected

and the alternative hypothesis accepted, ie Accept Ho if

xZ < x7c.

Reject HI if x2 c x7C

Accept HI if X2 > X2c

Reject HO if x7 1 x7C

Therefore since calculated chi-square is 21.90 which is

greater than the critical chi-square Xc which is 1 I .345, we then

reject the Null hypothesis which states that: Ho - Effectively

controlled fraud detection measures put in place by the

management of Independent corrupt practices commission

(ICPC) do not ensure the adequacy of the job performance of

the commission. Consequently, the Alternative hypothesis

which states that effectively controlled fraud detection

measures put in place by the management of independent

corrupt practices commission do ensure the adequacy of the

job performance of the cornmission is accepted.

Figure 1 Y

Test of 'hypothesis Two:

ii,: Certain Disciplinary measures meted out to indicted

fraudulent Nigerians by management of lndependent corrupt

practices commission do not deter others from such offences.

HI Certain disciplinary measures meted out to indicted

fraudulent Nigerians by the management of lndependent

corrupt practices commission deter others from such offences.

Very adequate -

O(1.70)

Total 4

CONTINGENCY TABLE TWO

RESPONSES

Adequate

Adequacy inary Measures --.- . - --- -

T

Not adequate

-

Total

28

25

8

5

66

5.2.2 Computation of chi-square (x7) using contingency table two . . .

above.

Expected frequency is thus computed:

x7 = (Oi - ei)?

(Oi - ei)'

--

2.89

2.31

0.23

13.69

1 1 .go

0.05

22.37

1.10

(Oi - ei)'

ei

Using 0.01 level of significance, the critical chi-square x2 C at 6

degree of freedom is x2 C6: 0.0 1

= 16.81 2. . . ,

Sirlce the calculated chi-square[ 66.6) is greater than the

critical chi-square 16.012, we reject the Null Hypothesis which

states that certain Disciplinary measures meted out to indicted

fraudulent Nigerians by management of Independent corrupt

practices commission .do riot deter others from such offences.

1

Accordingly, the alternative hypothesis which states that

certain disciplinary measures meted out to indicted fraudulent

Nigerians by the management of lndependent corrupt practices

commission deter other s from such offences stand accepted.

TEST OF HYPOTHESIS THREE

HO: ICPC has not performed abysmally low in fighting

corruption.

HI: lndependent corrupt practices commission has

performed abysrnally low in fighting corruption.

TABLE THREE: CON 1 IGENCY TABLE THREE ---.- - .. . . . . - - - - . . .---.-* -

Average Number of Reported Fraudulent cases

Public

Enterprise , . _ _ -.

88(?2.30)

1 1 O(9O. 37)

O(10.90)

O(l6.43) 8 . - - . . . - - . . . .

198

Private

Enterprise -. - - .

O(l5.70)

O(19.63)

23(4.lO)

20(3.57) . -- - .-. - - ---

43

5.3.2 Computation of chi-square using contingency table

above:

Expected frequency is computed tl~us:

X2 = (oi - ei)l -----

E i

(Oi - ei12

246.49

385.34

357.21

269.94

246.49

385.34

357.21

269.94

(Oi - ei)'

E i

Using. 0.01 level of significance, the critical chi-square at 3

degrees of freedom is thus:

Since the calculated chi-square 24 1.06 is greater than the

critical chi-square 11 3 4 5 , the Null Hypothesis which states that

Independent corrupt practices commission (ICPC) has not

performed abysmally low in fighting corruption is rejected.

Consequently, h e allerriative hypothesis which states that

Independent corrupt practices commission has performed

abysmally low in fighthg corruption is accepted.

This rneans by explanation that ICPC has not 'been

performing as expected in fighting corruption in Nigeria.

0.0 1 Rejection Region

5.4.1 TEST OF HYPOTHESIS FOUR

tio The degree of trustworthiness of public servants in

many organizations.

HI: The degree of trustworthiness of public servants . . > . .

correlates with their status in many organizations.

Responses

Category of staff involved in fraud

l( l .89) -.---. - ---.---

Total

Junior I ~ o t a l

5.42 Computation of chi-square x2 using the contingency table

above.

Expected frequency is computed thus:

x2 = I: (oi - ei)2

calculated chi-square

x2 = 2.31

DF = ( C - I ) ( R - I )

(2 - 1)(4 -1)

1 x 3 = 3

(Oi - ei)?

-. ..

-0.37

6.40

1.06

0.79

0.37

-5.43

1.06

0.79

(Oi - ~ i ) ~

E i

Using 0.01 level of significance, the critical chi-square at 3

degree of freedom is thus:

x2 C3: 0.01 = 11.345.

Since the calculated chi-square is 2.31 which is less than

critical chi-square (which is 11.345) Null hypothesis which

states that the degree of trustworthiness of public servants

does not correlate with their status in many organizations stand

accepted, while the alternative hypothesis is HI - which states

that the degree of trustworthiness of public servants correlates

., with their status in many organizations stand rejected.

Figure IV

5.5.1 TEST OF HYPOTHESIS FlVE

Ha: There is no direct relationship between the sex of a

public servant and its propersity to commit fraud.

HI: There is no direct relationship between the sex of a

public servant and its propersity to commit fraud.

TABLE FIVE: CONTIGENCY TABLE FlVE

RESPONSES

Sex of fraud status

Total

48

60

3

1

Male

42(42

52(52.5

Computation of chi-square using coutigency table above.

Female

6(6)

8(7.5)

Expected frequency is computed thus:

x2 = (oi - ~ i ) ~

E i

(Oi - ei)2

----..

0

0.25

0.1406

0.01 56

0

0.25

0.1406

0.01 56

(Oi - ei12

e i

0

0.00476

0.0536 . .

0.0179

0

Using 0.01 level of significance, the critical chi-square at 3

degree of freedom is thus:

x2 C3: 0.01 = 11.345.

Since the calculaled chi-square which is 0.6096 is less

than the critical chi-squar-e of 11.345, the null hypothesis is

which states that there is no direct relationship between the sex

of a public servant and hislher propriety to commit fraud stands

accepted; while the alternative hypothesis which states that

there is a direct relatiotistiip between t i e sex of a public servant

and hislher prosperily to commit fraud is rejected.

CHAPTER FIVE

INTERPRETATION, MEANING, DISCOVERY AND CONCLUSION

5. 1 Hypothesis One: Interpretation

The test for hypothesis one proves that alternative hypothesis which

states that effectively controlled frau detection measures put in place

by the management of independent corrupt practices commission

(ICPC) do ensure the adequacy of the job performance of the

commission is accepted. On the other hand the Null hypothesis is

rejected.

INTERPRETATION; It was discovered that Independent Corrupt

Practices commission, (ICPC)

detection measures. However,

has effectively controlled - fraud

this does not mean that they (the

commission) does not rely on information from the public, .law

enforcement agencies, the State Security Services to enhance their

job performance.

. TEST FOR HYPOTHESIS TWO

According to the alternative hypothesis which states that certain

disciplinary measures meted out to indicted fraudulent Nigerians by

the (ICPC) management deter other from such offences stand

accepted.

Different electronic and print media have exhaustively been

discussing about the role of lndependent Corrupt Practices

Commission - les by Justice Akanbi. Also, the Economic and

financial crime commission (EFCC) and some Non-government

organizations - their votes are stated almost daily in different print

media.

All these efforts complement the disciplinary measures put in place

By lndependent Corrupt Practices Commission. Actually hearsays

and rumours of war is a good war strategy, similarly using media to

create awareness play a great role which complements the role of

ICPC in combating fraud.

DISCOVERY

IPS0 Facto, it is discovered that fraud commitment in our public

and private organizations and adequate disciplinary measures are

inversely related. That is to say, if adequate disciplinary measure are

put in place by management of organizations and appropriately . . .

dispensed on indicted staff while ICPC as a commission metes out

further harsh measure to offenders, the perpetration of fraud in

Nigeria will be minimal.

HYPOTHESIS THREE - INTERPRETATION

The test for hypothesis three proves that the alternative hypothesis

which states that independent Corrupt Practices Commission has

performed abysmally low in fighting corruption is accepted. This

mean that independent corrupt Practices Commission lCPC has not

been performing as expected in fighting corruption.

MEANING

Opinion survey has shown that Independent Corrupt Practices

Commission has not performed creditably. Infact, inspite of the huge

corruption in the country, no singly person has been covicted: In

Nigeria on account of financial, fraud, corruption embezzlement by

public officer. On l8Ih ~ p r i l on NTA Presidential Media chat which

started at 8 pm, Haruna ldris and the other co-journalists asked

president Obasanjo -"If he the (president) is aware that 6 months

afler COJA games in Abuja, the members of COJA are still importing

vehicles into the country even when the aim of such importation had

been defeated? If this assertion if true, it pinpoints at a glance, the

level of corruption in Nigeria.

DISCOVERY

There is need for ICPC to be more determined and not to relent in

their assignments to get the country out of corruption mess.

6.4 HYPOTHESIS FOUR - Interpretation

Here, Null hypothesis (HO) which states that the degree of

trustworthiness of public servants does not correlate with their status

in many organizations stand accepted, while the alternative

hypothesis HI - which sates that the degree of trustworthiness of

public servants correlated with their status in may organization stand

rejected. . . . . .

6.4.1 MEANING: The study which set out to determine which

*category of staff (senior or Junior) is mostly involved in the

perpetration of frauds in may organization so as to ascertain which of

the categories is more trustworthy reveals the categories of staff are

prone to fraud commitment depending on individual idiosyncrasies.

6.4.2 DISCOVERY: It is discovered that fraud commitment does not

depend on the status or rank of the employees. Indeed, low,

middle and highly placed workers cold commit fraud.

ICPC, auditors, ECFCC , Public Accounts Committee are therefore

advised to extend their checks and balances on the activities of the

entire work-force.

HYPOTHESIS FIVE

The test for hypothesis five shows that the null hypothesis (HO)

'Which states "there is no direct relationship between the set of a

public servant and its propensity to commit fraud" is accepted while

the alternative hypothesis (HI) which states "there is a direct

relationship between the sex of a public servant and its propensity to

commit fraud" stands rejected.

6.5.1 MEANING

The study which set out to critically analyze by sex, the turns o

frauds in our organization in order to establish which (males or

females) perpetrate more frauds. The interpretation reveals that

there is no direct relationship between the sex of the worker and

fraud perpetration.

6.5.2 DISCOVERY

It is found out from the study that fraud commitment does not

depend on the sex of the worker. Indeed males can commit as

much fraud as females.

The study identified some factors that contribute to fraud in any

organization:

i inadequatellack of staff training

ii poor security arrangement for documents

iii frustration.

i v Ignorance on the part of the customer or client

v Poor management style ie non rotation of staff duties, irregular

inspection and audit

' vi Inadequate control measures

vii Societal values

viii Lack of commensurate effective punishment.

ix Lack of prompt dispensation of fraudulent cases owing to

institutional bureaucratic bottlenecks.

It should be worthy to note that the impact of all theses factors

weigh equally and mostly on the junior employees irrespective of the

gender.

CONCLUSION

'I'lw determined clTorts to light ('orruption is noblc and tlic ICI'C should not

rclcnt. I t slwuld not bc sclcctivc ri~i t l cosnwfic. ' l h t N i p r i a still ranks as the

second most corrupt courllry it1 tllc world is still shameful cnoicgh. nattlirlg

thc monster with kid glovcs woultl at the cnd of it all not scrve the intcrest o f

cither the g)vcrnnicnt or tllc long sl~lErirlg Nigerians. 13cyond thc swcet-

sounding slogans and hyped rncdia ad vcrts from the public enlightenment

I3urcau oi' K'lYl m1 that of l5mw111ic and 1;inancial Crimc Commission,

(I$'(:C'), ICI'C inus1 g) the wliolc hog and prosecute any suspccts found to

hc engaged in corruptio~l rlo matter wliosc ox is goad. A h all, it is by so

doing that tl~c integrity and rcputatio~i of ICI'C will bc regarded by all arid

sundry. l 'hc good Icgacics wc Icnvc bcllind will s t a d the test or time. The . . . .

achicvcmcnts ol ' rcr~owr~cd pcoplc like latc I)r M.1 Okpara-thc then prcrnier

o f liastcrri Region. Zik of'Ali.ico, Abrdlam 1,incoIn ot'America, and that -of

Martin 1.itther arc all worthy ol'i~1iii11 n t' ton. 9~."=~--~~:m h?p , , I c . 7 -

'l'hcrc should bc niass altack ti-om Ihc c l ~ i ~ r c h , mosque, the government and

the govcrned to light corrupt ion with all degrecs ol'sinccrity and purpose.

Aitcr all, "that wc Iwvc no any otlrcr country tlinn Nigcria and w e have to

AKINI'IJNIJE, K. (2003). Damaging allegiit ions:

"13ribery scandal shakcs senate"

'I'hc wcck riiagazir~c vol. 18, No 26 pp 14 - -

17

ONANIJC',A, A,IIRAIJE, ADE GDAMIGRR AND ELKS110 (2003). "Aso

I<ock, Capital Of Corruption"

'I'fie Ncws Magazine vol. 21 No 23 Dee. 8

pp 20 - 28

c l l l m 0 M (2003) "Gaius Obaseki versus the oil Mafia"

Ncws watch Magazine Vol38, No. 18 . .

Novc~nber 3rd, pp. 22 - 29 . .

ADEKEY E, F. (2003) "30 most corrupt

Public institutions hi Nigeria"

"Ncw rcsearch findings show how deep the

country has gone into the throat o f the

niorrster calfcd corruption"

Ncws watch magazine vol. 38. No, 25 pp 24

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ELIBI I 0 14. (2003) "'I'lie Ahi!.ja Thieves- how they were

caught: Anenih, Obascki, Adelaja othcrs in

OKUMO A. (2003)

A N Z A 1'. (200.3)

'1'rt~~rblc"Nailing tile big men. The Ncws

Magazine vnl 2 1 . No 25 pp 18 - 2 1.

Ncws watch Magazine vol . 3 8 No 25 Dec. 2

pp 44 - 45

"<'I I W M - tlic N30 billion waste, why

Obasnt!io did it" weekly

INSII)ER MACiAZINI' NO 5 1 Dcc. 22 pp

18-23

''A hst fading hopc"

( ' 1 1OC;M ends it1 Ahuja with fcelir~g ol'

disappointment at?iong African members.

Ncws watch magazine vo1.38 , No 25 Dee.

22 p. 47

A SAJU 1'. (2003). I'olitics oVArolabi, Akwanga's Arrest. The

Road to Yellow l touse. News watch

Magazine vol38 No 25 Ikc . 22 pp 38 - 4 1

O K A F O R 1'. (2003) " I should have resigned" -- former Gov.

Anambra State- 1)r Chinwoke Mbadinuju

INSIIXR MAGAZINIT. No 51 Dec. 22 pp

30-31

AJAK1W C. (2004) U c n n up in t l~c .ludiciary. Fall of 5 (My

jr~tlgcs

Ncws watch Mirgazine. Vol 39 No. 55 Feb.

[I pp 10 -. I6

M II M U N I M . (2003) Clovcr story

"Shme of 'a Nation: when will the nation

gct i t right?''

'I'ell Magazine No. 50 Ikc. 15 pp 22 - 27

"'f'l~e Aso Kock Oil bunkeri~ig mess-Atiku,

Gitsau I ,inked"

1NSIIJT.R WJXKI,Y. No 47 Nov. 24 pp I9

0111 JN I A M I 3'. (200.3) "'l'lic biggest 4 19 afli~ir ever " 1,ondon

cowt l hnts 10 Nigerians, 6 banks, 5 Itdians"

' I ' lw News MAC;AZlN17. Vol , 21 No. 09

I"' Sept . I'p 1 8 - 24

*MUMIIN1 M. (2003) l'hc stubborn president: A failing style: Tell

Magaxhc No 4 1 Ocl 13. pp 18 - 21

IlAIXUNA S. (2003) " 'I'his Government will collapse"

-Senator Joscpli Waku. Tell magazine No

41 Oct 13 pp26-27

OCIJNILAYO M. (2003). "M ul-dcr Again :it the road block" -

Ncws watch vol38 No 25 Dec. 22 p . 3 7

lJI1AM M. (2003). "Thc president's Cliristmas Gill "we would

have delivered Ngige to Mr president as

Clhristmas gillw- Nze C k i Chukwu Chukwu,

National vice chair~nan south h s t zone

C l l l l K W l l C'. 0. (2004) I .ccttrre Notes" on ways, practices, re- cornn~endat ions to ensure fair employment practice in Nigeria," - INN Enugu Campus.

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N WANKWO, ('LO. (1 085)

"Diya's pontification" Editorial opinion tlaily champion, April 15

"Managcrncnt of' limited resources for National sclf-sufiiciency" in the journal of nianagcmcnt in Nigeria

. . . . . I<csc:~rch depart mcnt, June

"Ixadcrship: The bane ofNigerian I )cvelopmcnt" in Ihc journal of the - tiiat~;lgcrncnt sources. fhculty of ~managcment sciences, UNIZIK Jan. Vol. 1 No I

"Management in Nigeria: The next 25 ycars" in the journal of management in N igcria. ~ u l ~ i ~ u ~ u s t

EJ IOFOR PITA N. 0. (I 084) "Making our organisat ions perform, public service lccti~rc series N o 2 organised by the fi)rniw Anambrn State government.