18
University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in schizophrenia Appelo, Martinus Theodoor IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 1996 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Appelo, M. T. (1996). Bottom-up rehabilitation in schizophrenia. Groningen: s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 02-05-2020

University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    1

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

University of Groningen

Bottom-up rehabilitation in schizophreniaAppelo, Martinus Theodoor

IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.

Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Publication date:1996

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):Appelo, M. T. (1996). Bottom-up rehabilitation in schizophrenia. Groningen: s.n.

CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).

Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.

Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.

Download date: 02-05-2020

Page 2: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

119

References.

. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in theperformance of schizophrenics. Perceptual Motor Skills,56,99-106.

. Adams HE, Malatesta VJ, Brantley PJ & Turkat ID. (1981). Modification ofcognitive processes: A case study of schizophrenia. Journal of Consulting &Clinical Psychology,49,3,460-464.

. Alford, B.A. & Correia, C.J. (1994). Cognitive therapy of schizophrenia: Theoryand Emperical Status. Behavior Therapy,25,17-33.

. Amador XF, Strauss DH, Yale SA & Gorman JM. (1991). Awareness of illness inschizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin,17,1,113-132.

. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders, 3rd edition, revised. Washington: APA.

. Anderson JR. (1983) The Architecture of Cognition. Cambridge: HarverdUniversity Press.

. Andreasen NC. (1982). Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: definition andreliability. Archives of General Psychiatry,39,1325-1330.

. Andreasen NC. (1983). The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms(SANS). Iowa city: University of Iowa.

. Andreasen NC. (1989). The scale for the assessment of negative symptoms(SANS): conceptual and theoretical foundations. British Journal ofPsychiatry,7,155,49-58.

. Andreasen NC, Flaum M, Swayze VW, Tyrell G & Arndt S. (1990). Positive andnegative symptoms in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry,47,615-621.

. Anthony WA. (1977). Psychological rehabilitation: a concept in need of a method.American Psychologist,32, 658-662.

. Anthony WA. (1979). The principles of psychiatric rehabilitation. Amherst, MA:Human Resources Development Press.

. Anthony WA. (1993). Recovery from mental illness: the guiding vision of themental health service system in the 1990s. Psychosocial RehabilitationJournal,16,4,11-23.

. Anthony WA, Kennard WA, O'Brien WF & Forbess R. (1986). Psychiatricrehabilitation: past myths and current realities. Community Mental HealthJournal,22,4,249-264.

. Anthony WA & Liberman RP. (1986). The practice of psychiatric rehabilitation:Historical, conceptual, and research base. Schizophrenia Bulletin,12,542-559.

. Appelo MT. (1994). Sociale vaardigheids training voor patiënten met eenschizofrenie: draaiboek voor deelnemers en trainers. In: CJ Slooff, MT Appelo, IBerkenbosch & JW Louwerens. (eds). Revalidatiemodulen voor mensen met eenschizofrenie, deel 2. Assen: Van Gorcum / Projectenprogramma Woonrevalidatie.

. Appelo MT, Slooff CJ, Woonings FMJ, Carson J & Louwerens JW. (1993). Grief:I ts significance for rehabilitation in schizophrenia. Clinical Psychology andPsychotherapy, 1,(1),53-59.

. Appelo MT, Slooff CJ, Woonings FMJ, Louwerens JW, Van der Gaag M & Vanden Bosch RJ. (1994). Clinical rehabilitation of schizophrenia: development of a

Page 3: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

120

theory based program. In: W. Spaulding (ed). Cognitive Technology in PsychiatricRehabilitation. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press,115-138.

. Appelo MT, Woonings FMJ, Nieuwenhuizen CJ van, Emmelkamp PMG, Slooff CJ& Louwerens JW. (1992). Specific skills and social competence in schizophrenia.Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,85,419-422.

. Asarnow RF, Steffy RA, MacCrimmon DJ & Cleghorn JM. (1977). An attentionalassessment of foster children at risk for schizophrenia. Journal of AbnormalPsychology,86,267-275.

. Asberg M, Montgomery S & Perris C. (1978). A comprehensivepsychopathological rating scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,271,5-27.

. Atkinson SD. (1994). Grieving and loss in parents with a schizophrenic child.American Journal of Psychiatry,151, 8,1137-1139.

. Baker R & Hall JN. (1983). Rehabilitation evaluation of Hall and Baker (REHAB).Aberdeen: Vine Publishing Ltd.

. Baker R & Hall JN. (1988a). Users manual for rehabilitation evaluation Hall andBaker. Aberdeen: Vine Publishing Ltd.

. Baker R & Hall JN. (1988b). Rehab: a new assessment instrument for chronicpsychiatric patients. Schizophrenia Bulletin,14,1,97-111.

. Balogh DW & Leventhal DB. (1982). The use of temporal and amplitude cues byschizophrenics, psychiatric controls, and aged normals in auditory lateralization.Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,170,9,552-560.

. Bartko JJ, Carpenter WT & McGlashan TH. (1988). Statistical issues in long-termfollowup studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin,14,4,575-587.

. Bauman E. (1971). Schizophrenic short-term memory: a deficit in subjectiveorganisation. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science,3,55-65.

. Bazhin EF, Korneva TV & Lomachenko AS. (1978). The ability of emotionalperception in schizophrenic patients. In: RW Rieber (ed). Appliedpsycholinguistics and mental health. New York: Plenum Press.

. Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF & Emery G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression.New York: Wiley.

. Bellack AS, Morrison RL & Mueser LT. (1989). Social problem solving inschizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin,15,101-116.

. Bellack AS, Morrison RL & Mueser KT. (1990). Role play for assessing the socialcompetence of psychiatric patients. Psychological Assessment,2,3,248-255.

. Bellack AS. (1992). cognitive rehabilitation for schizophrenia: Is it possible? Is itnecessary? Schizophrenia Bulletin,18,1,43-50.

. Benedict RHB, Harris AE, Markow T, McCormick JA, Nuechterlein KH &Asarnow RF. (1994). Effects of attention training on information processing inschizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin,20,3,537-546.

. Bennett D. (1978). Social forms of psychiatric treatment. In: JK Wing (ed).Schizophrenia: Towards a new synthesis. London: Academic Press.

. Benton MK & Schroeder HE. (1990). Social skills training with schizophrenics: ameta-analytic evaluation. Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology,58,6,741-747.

. Birchwood M. (1992). Early intervention in schziophrenia: theoretical backgroundand clinical strategie. British Journal of Clinical Psychology,31,257-278.

Page 4: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

121

. Birchwood M & Tarrier N. (1992). Innovations in the psychological managementof schizophrenia. New York: John Wiley.

. Birchwood M & Shepherd G. (1992). Controversies and growing pain in cognitivebehavioural interventions for people with schizophrenia. BehaviouralPsychotherapy,20, 305-342.

. Birley JLT. (1991). Schizophrenia: the problems of handicap. In: DH Benett & HLFreeman (eds). Community Psychiatry: the principles. London: ChurchillLivingstone.

. Bleuler E. (1911). Dementia praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Leipzig:Franz Deuticke.

. Bleuler M. (1972). Die schizophrenen Geistesstörungen im Lichte langjärigerKranken und Familiengeschichten. Stuttgart: Thieme.

. Bond GR & Boyer SL. (1988). Rehabilitation programs and outcome. In: JACiardiello & M Bell (eds). Vocational rehabilitation of persons with prolongedpsychiatric disorders. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

. Boone DE. (1991). Item reduction vs. Subtest-reduction short forms on theWAIS-R with psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology,47,2,271-276.

. Boone DE. (1992). Reliability of the WAIS-R with psychiatric inpatients. Journalof Clinical Psychology,48,1,73-76.

. Bosch RJ van den. (1988). De ontwikkeling van het schizofreniebegrip. In: RJ vanden Bosch, CR van Meer, PMAJ Dingemans & DH Linszen (eds): Schizofrenie:recente ontwikkelingen in onderzoek en behandeling. Deventer: Van LoghumSlaterus.

. Bosch RJ van den. (1993). Schizofrenie, Subjectieve ervaringen en cognitiefonderzoek. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum.

. Bosch RJ van den. (1994). Context and cognition in schizophrenia. In: JA denBoer, HGM Westenberg & HM van Praag (eds). Advances in the neurobiology ofSchizophrenia. Chichester: Wiley.

. Bosch RJ van den, Asma MJO van, Rombouts RP & Louwerens JW. (1992).Coping style and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenic patients. British Journalof Psychiatry,161,18,123-128.

. Bosch RJ van den, Rombouts RP & Asma MJO van. (submitted). What determinesCPT performance?

. Brantley PJ, Cocke TB, Jones GN & Goreczny AJ. (1988). The daily stressinventory: validity and effect of repeated administration. Journal ofPsychopathology & Behavior Assessment,10,75-81.

. Brenner HD, Hodel B, Roder V & Corrigan P. (1992). Treatment of cognitivedysfunctions and behavioral deficits in schizophrenia. SchizophreniaBulletin,18,1,21-26.

. Brenner HD, Stramke WG, Mewes J, Liese F & Seeger G. (1980). Erfahrungen miteinem spezifischen Therapieprogramm zum Training kognitiver undkommunikativer Fahigkeiten in der Rehabilitation chronisch schizophrenerPatienten. Nervenarzt,51,106-112.

. Brink JW, Burg W van den, Saan RJ. (1984). De Stroop-kleur-woord-test in eengezonde populatie. Scriptie: Afdeling Neuropsychologie, Rijks UniversiteitGroningen.

Page 5: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

122

. Brown GW & Birley JLT. (1968). Crises and life changes and the onset ofschizophrenia. Journal of Health and Social Behavior,9,203-214.

. Brown GW, Birley JLT & Wing JK. (1972). Influence of family life on the courseof schizophrenic disorders: A replication. British Journal of Psychiatry,121-258.

. Bruyn de EEJ, Haassen van PP, Poortinga YH & Lutje Spelberg HC. (1986).Wechsler intelligence scale for children - revised, Nederlandstalige uitgave. Lisse:Swets & Zeitlinger.

. Buchanan RW & Carpenter WT. (1994). Domains of psychopathology. Anopproach to the reduction of heterogeneity in schizophrenia. Journal of Nervousand Mental Disease,182,4,193-204.

. Buchsbaum MS, Neuchterlein KH & Haier RJ. (1990). Glucose metabolic rate innormals and schizophrenics during the Continious Performance Test assessed byPositron Emission Tomography. British Journal of Psychiatry,156,216-227.

. Carter CS, Robertson LC, Nordahl TE, O'Shora-Celaya LJ & Charderjian MC.(1993). Abnormal processing of irrelevant information in schizophrenia: the roleof illness subtype. Psychiatry Research,48,17-26.

. Ciompi L & Müller CH. (1976). Lebensweg und Alter der Schizophrenen. Berlin:Springer.

. Cnaan RA, Blankertz L, Messinger KW & Gardner JR. (1988). Psychosicialrehabilitation: toward a definition. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal,11,4,61-77.

. Cohen CI & Berk LA. (1985). Personal coping styles of schizophrenic outpatients.Hospital and Community Psychiatry,36,407-410.

. Conway P. (1989). REHAB in SPACE. Paper presented at the symposium held atthe Institute of Education (British Psychological Society), London.

. Cornblatt BA & Erlenmeyer-Kimling L. (1984). Early attentional predictors ofadolescent behavior disturbances in children at risk for schizophrenia. In: NF Watt(ed) . Children at risk for schizophrenia: A longitudinal perspective. New York:Cambridge University Press.

. Cornblatt BA, Lenzenweger MF & Erlenmeyer-Kimling L. (1989). Thecontinuous performance test, identical pairs version: II. Contrasting attentionalprofiles in schizophrenic and depressed patients. Psychiatry Research,29,65-85.

. Cornblatt BA, Risch N, Faris G, Friedman D & Erlenmeyer-Kimling L. (1988).The continuous performance test, identical pairs version (CPT-IP): I. Newfindings about sutained attention in normal families. Psychiatry Research,26,223-238.

. Cowan GS, Conger JC & Conger AJ. (1989). Social competency and socialperceptivity in self and others. Journal of Psychopathology and BehavioralAssessment,11,2,129-142.

. Corrigan PW & Green MF. (1993). Schizophrenic patients sensitivity to socialcues: The role of abstraction. American journal of Psychiatry,150,589-594.

. Croucher P, Abrahamson D & Cotson D. (1989). Restandardising REHAB: across-validation study. Paper presented at the symposium held at the Institute ofEducation (British Psychological Society), London.

. Crow TJ. (1985). The two-syndrome concept: Origins and current status.Schizophrenia Bulletin,11,471-486.

Page 6: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

123

. Curran JP. (1982). A procedure for the assessment of social skills: the simulatedsocial interaction test. In: JP Curran & PM Monti (eds). Social skills training: apractical handbook for assessment and treatment. New York: Guilford,348-373.

. Cutting J & Ryan K. (1982). The appreciation of imagery by schizophrenics: aninterpretation of Goldstein's impairment of the abstract attitude. PsychologicalMedicine,12,585-590.

. Davies DR & Parasuraman R. (1982). The psychology of vigilance. London:Academic Press.

. Deelman BG, Brouwer BH, Zomeren AH van & Saan RJ. (1980).Functiestoornissen na trauma capitis. In: A Jennekes-Schinkle, JJ Diamant, HFADiesfeldt & R Haaksma (eds). Neuropsychologie in Nederland. Deventer: vanLoghum Slaterus.

. Deelman BG. (1990). Neuropsychologische diagnostiek. In: F Luteijn (ed).Diagnostiek in de klinische psychologie. Houten: Bohn, Stafleu, Van Loghum,136-161.

. Douzinas N, Carpenter M. (1981). Predicting the community performance ofvocational rehabilitation clients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry,32,409-413.

. Dryden W & Hill LK. (1992). Innovations in rational emotive therapy. London:Sage Publications.

. Dworkin RH. (1992). Affective deficits and social deficits in schizophrenia:What's what? Schizophrenia Bulletin,18,59-64.

. Ellis A. (1992). Fundamentals of rational-emotive therapy for the 1990s. In: WDryden & LK Hill (eds). Innovations in Rational-Emotive Therapy. London: SagePublications.

. Erlenmeyer-Kimling L & Cornblatt BA. (1978). Attentional measures in a studyof children at high risk for schizophrenia. In: LC Wynne, R Cromwell & SMatthysse (eds). Nature of Schizophrenia: New approaches to research andtreatment. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

. Erlenmeyer-Kimling L & Cornblatt B. (1987). High-risk research inschizophrenia: A summary of what has been learned. Journal of PsychiatricResearch,21,4,401-411.

. Farkas M, Rogers S & Thurer S. (1986). Rehabilitation outcome for the recentlydeinstitutionalized client: the ones we left behind. Boston University.

. Fell inger PRG. (1992). Een revalidatieprogramma "bewegingshandeling" voormensen met een schizofrenie. Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit, VakgroepBewegingswetenschappen.

. Foxx RM, McMorrow MJ, Davis LA & Bittle RG. (1988). Repacing a chronicschizophrenic man's delusional speech with stimulus appropriate responses.Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry,19,1,43-50.

. Franke P, Maier W, Hain C & Klinger T. (1992). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Anindicator of vulnerability in schizophrenia? Schizophrenia Research,6,243-249.

. Freud S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia. In: A general selection from theworks of Sigmund Freud. New York: Doubleday Anchor Books.

. Funke B, Reinecker H & Commichau A. (1989). Grenzen kognitiverTrainingsmethoden bei schizophrenen Langzeitpatienten. Nervenartz,60,750-756.

Page 7: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

124

. Gaag M van der. (1992). The results of Cognitive Training in SchizophrenicPatients. Delft: Eburon.

. Gaag M van der & Haenen MA. (1990). Schizophrenia and the impairedevaluation of facial affect. In: PDJ Drenth (ed). European perspectives onpsychology, vol2. Sussex: Wiley and Sons.

. Gaag M van der & Wilken JP. (1994). Handleiding van de REHAB, een maat voorpsychiatrische invaliditeit. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.

. Gaag M van der, Woonings FMJ, Bosch RJ van den, Appelo MT, Slooff CJ &Louwerens JW. (1994). Cognitive training of schizophrenic patients: a behavioralapproach based on experimental psychopathology. In: W Spaulding (ed).Cognitive Technology in Psychiatric Rehabilitation. Lincoln: University ofNebraska Press,139-158.

. Geddes J, Mercer G, Frith CD, MacMillan F, Owens DGC & Johnstone EC. (1994).Prediction of outcome following a first episode of schizophrenia. A follow-upstudy of Northwich Park first episode study subjects. British Journal ofPsychiatry,165,664-668.

. Gerver D. (1967). Linguistic rules and the perception and recall of speech byschizophrenic patients. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,6,204-211.

. Goekoop JG, Knoppert van der, Klein EAM & Hoeksema T. (1991). The interraterreliability of a Dutch version of the Comprehensive Psychopathological RatingScale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,83,202-205.

. Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: AnchorBooks Doubleday & Co.

. Goldberg TE, Torry EF, Gold JM, Ragland JD, Bigelow LB & Weinberger DR.(1993). Learning and memory in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia.Psychological Medicine,23,71-85.

. Goldberg TE & Weinberger DR. (1988). Probing prefrontal function inschizofrenia with neuropsychological paradigms. Schizophrenia Bulletin,14,2,179-183.

. Goldberg TE, Weinberger DR & Berman KF. (1987). Further evidence fordementia of the prefrontal type in schizophrenia? A controlled study of teachingthe Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44,1008-1014.

. Goldberg TE, Weinberger DR, Pliskin NH, Berman KE & Podd MH. (1989).Recall memory deficit in schizophrenia. A possible manifestation of prefrontaldysfunction. Schizophrenia Research,2,3,251-257.

. Goldsmith J & McFall R. (1975). Development and evaluation of an interpersonalskill-training program for psychiatric inpatients. Journal of AbnormalPsychology,4,51-58.

. Goldstein AP. (1973). Structured learning therapy, toward a psychotherapy for thepoor. New York: Academic Press.

. Gotestam KG. (1990). Behavioral rehabilitation in Scandinavia. PsychosocialRehabilitation Journal,13,3,15-18.

. Grant DA & Berg EA. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcementand ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl type card sorting problem.

Page 8: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

125

Journal of Experimental Psychology,38,404-411.. Hafkenscheid A. (1987). De 'Nurses Observation Scale for Inpatients Evaluation'

(NOSIE-30): interbeoordelaars betrouwbaarheid, stabiliteit en onderscheidendvermogen. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie,29,493-503.

. Hafkenscheid A. (1991). Psychometric evaluation of the Nurses Observation Scalefor Inpatients Evaluation in the Netherlands. Acta PsychiatricaScandinavica,83,46-52.

. Halstead WC. (1947). Brain and intelligence; a quantitative study of the frontallobes. Chicago: University Press.

. Hammes J. (1971). De Stroop kleur-woord test, handleiding. Amsterdam: Swets &Zeitlinger.

. Harding CM, Brooks GW, Ashikaga T, Strauss JS & Breier A. (1987a). TheVermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mentall illness, 1:methodology, study sample, and overall status 32 years later. American Journal ofPsychiatry,144,6,718-726.

. Harding CM, Brooks GW, Ashikaga T, Strauss JS & Breier A. (1987b). TheVermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mentall illness, 2: long-termoutcome of subjects who retrospectivily met dsm-3 criteria for schizophrenia.American Journal of Psychiatry,144,6,727-735.

. Harding CM, Zubin J & Strauss JS. (1992). Chronicity in schizophrenia: revisited.British Journal of Psychiatry,161,18,27-37.

. Harvey PD. (1987). Laboratory research: its relevance to positive and negativesymptoms. In: PD Harvey & EF Walker (eds). Positive and negative symptoms ofpsychosis. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

. Hegarty JD, Baldessarini RJ, Tohen M, Waternaux C & Oepen G. (1994). Onehundred years of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of the outcome literature.American Journal of Psychiatry,151,10,1409-1416.

. Hert M de. (1995). Suïcide bij jonge schizofrene patiënten. Leuven UniversityPress: Acta Biomedica Lovaniensia, 115.

. Heslinga H, Burg W van den & Saan RJ. (1983a). Het coderen van hetopleidingsnivo. Groningen: Afdeling Neuropsychologie Rijksuniversiteit.

. Heslinga H, Burg W van den & Saan RJ. (1983b). De nieuwe 15-Woorden-Tests Aen B in een gezonde populatie. Doctoraalscriptie Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.

. Hirsch S, Cramer P & Bowen J. (1992). The triggering hypothesis of the role oflife-events in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry,161,18),84-87.

. Hodel B. (1993). Integrated Psychological Therapy for Schizophrenics. Oralpresentation at the IV W.A.P.R. Congress. Dublin: september.

. Hogarty GE, Anderson CM & Reiss DJ. (1991). Family psychoeducation, socialskills training and maintenance chemotherapy in the aftercare treatment ofschizophrenia: two years effects of controlled study on relapse and adjustment.Archives of General Psychiatry,48,340-347.

. Hogarty GE & Flesher S. (1992). Cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: proceedwith caution! Schizophrenia Bulletin,18,1,51-57.

. Honigfeld G & Klett CJ. (1965). The Nurses Observation Scale for InpatientEvaluation. A new scale for measuring improvement in chronic schizophrenia.

Page 9: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

126

Journal of Clinical Psychology,21,65-71. . Huber G, Gross G & Schüttler R. (1979). Schizophrenie: Verlaufs- und

Sozialpsychiatrische Langzeituntersuchungen an den 1945-1959 in BonnHospitalisierten Schizophrenen Kranken. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

. Hubmann W, Mohr F, Pior R & Bender W. (1989). Specific versus unspecificeffects of cognitive and social skills training programs for schizophrenic disorders.Presented at the 19th annual congress of the european association of behaviortherapy. Vienna: september.

. Hwu HG, Tan H, Chen CC & Yeh LL. (1995). Negative symptoms at discharge andoutcome in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry,166,61-67.

. Intagliata J. (1982). Improving the quality of community care for the chronicallymentally disabled: The role of case management. Schizophrenia Bulletin,8,655-674.

. Jackson HJ, Minas IH, Burgess PM, Joshua SD, Charisiou J & Campbell IM.(1989). Negative symptoms and social skills performance in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia Research,2,457-463.

. Jorm AF. (1986). Controlled and automatic information processing in seniledementia: a review. Psychological Medicine,16,77-88.

. Kanner AD, Coyne JC, Schaefer C & Lazarus RS. (1981). Comparison of twomodes of stress measurement: Daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events.Journal of Behavior Medicine,4,1-39.

. Kavanagh DJ. (1990). Towards a cognitive-behavioral intervention for adult griefreactions. British Journal of Psychiatry,157,373-383.

. Kazarian SS & Vanderheyden DA. (1992). Family education of relatives withpsychiatric disability: a review. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal,15,3,67-84.

. Kingdon DG & Turkington D. (1994). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ofSchizophrenia. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

. Kraepelin E. (1896). Psychiatrie, 5e Auflage. Leipzig: Verlag von JohannAmbrosius Barth.

. Kraepelin E. (1909-1913). Psychiatrie, 8e Auflage. Leipzig: Verlag von JohannAmbrosius Barth.

. Kramer LW & Beidel DC. (1982). Job-seeking skill groups: review andapplication to a chronic psychiatric population. Occupational Therapy in MentalHealth,2,37-44.

. Kuipers T. (1992). Stille waters: over de meting en beoordeling van negatievesymptomen. Universiteit Utrecht: Proefschrift.

. Kuipers L & Bebbington P. (1988). Expressed emotion research in schizophrenia:theoretical and clinical implications. Psycological Medicine,18,893-909.

. Kuny S, Maurer M, Dittrich A & Woggon B. (1982). Interraterreliabilität derdeutschsprachigen Version der Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale(CPRS). Pharmacopsychiatrie,17,354-369.

. Lackroy GH. (1966). Methodologische vragen rond een onderzoek naarbetrouwbaarheids- en validiteitsaspecten van de GIT. Intern verslag. RijksUniversiteit Groningen.

. Lam DH. (1991). Psychosocial family intervention in schizophrenia: a review ofemperical studies. Psychological Medicine,21,423-441.

Page 10: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

127

. Lazarus RS & Folkman S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York:Springer Publishing Company.

. Leff J, Thornicroft G, Coxhead N & Crawford C. (1994). The TAPS project. 22: afive year follow up of long stay psychiatric patients discharged to the community.British Journal of Psychiatry,165,25,13-17.

. Leff J & Vaughn C. (1981). The role of maintenance therapy and relatives'expressed emotion in relapse of schizophrenia: a two-year follow up. BritishJournal of Psychiatry,139,102-104.

. Leff J & Vaughn C. (1985). Expressed Emotion in families. Its significance formental illness. New York, The Guilford Press.

. Leppers ACA. (1981). Volgen op afstand. Lisse: Swets en Zeitlinger.

. Lezak MD. (1983). Neuropsychological assessment (second ed). New York:Oxford University Press.

. Liberman RP. (1988a). Coping with chronic mental disorders: a framework forhope. In: RP Liberman (ed). Psychiatric Rehabilitation of Chronic MentalPatients. New York: American Psychiatric Press.

. Liberman RP. (1988b). Social skills training. In: RP Liberman (ed). PsychiatricRehabilitation of Chronic Mental Patients. New York: American PsychiatricPress.

. Liberman RP & Green MF. (1992). Whither cognitive behavioral therapy forschizophrenia? Schizophrenia Bulletin,18,1,27-35.

. Liberman RP, Massel HK, Mosk MD & Wong SE. (1985). Social skills training forchronic mental patients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry,36,4,396-403.

. Liberman RP, Meuser KT, Wallace CJ, Jacobs HE, Eckman TE & Massel HK.(1986a). Training skills in the psychiatrically disabled: Learning coping andcompetence. Schizophrenia Bulletin,12,4,631-647.

. Liberman RP, Mueser K & Wallace CJ. (1986b). Social skills training forschizophrenic individuals at risk for relapse. American Journal ofPsychiatry,143,523-526.

. Liddle P , Carpenter WT & Crow T. (1994). Syndromes of Schizophrenia. Theclassic literature. British Journal of Psychiatry,165,721-727.

. Luckner N von, Woggon B. (1985). Scale construction of the Swedish CPRSversion. Neuropsychobiology,13,180-186.

. Lukoff D, Snyder K, Ventura J & Nuechterlein KH. (1984). Life events, familialstress, and coping in the developmental course of schizophrenia. SchizophreniaBulletin,10,258-292.

. Luteijn F, Ploeg FAE van der. (1983). GIT groninger intelligentie test,handleiding. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.

. Mace FC, Webb ME, Sharkey RW & Mattson DM. (1988). Functional analysis andtreatment of bizarre speech. Journal of Behavior Therapy & ExperimentalPsychiatry,19,4,289-296.

. Manschreck TC, Maher BA, Rosenthal JE & Berner J. (1991). Reduced primacyand related features in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research,5,35-41.

. Marneros A, Deister A & Rohde A. (1990). Psychopathological and social status ofpatients with affective, schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders after long termcourse. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,82,325-358.

Page 11: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

128

. Massel HK, Corrigan PW, Liberman RP & Milan MA. (1991). Conversation skillstraining of thought-disordered schizophrenic patients through attention focussing.Psychiatry Research,38,51-61.

. Matson JL, Zeiss AM, Zeiss RA & Bowman W. (1980) A comparison of socialskills training and contingent attention to improve behavioural deficits of chronicpsychiatric patients. British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology,19,1,57-64.

. McFall RM. (1982). A review and reformulation of the concept of social skills.Behavioral Assessment,4,1-33.

. McGlashan TH. (1988). A selective review of recent North American long-termfollowup studies of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin,14,4,515-542.

. McGlashan TH & Carpenter WT. (1976). Postpsychotic depression inschizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry,33,231-239.

. Meer R van. (1991). Schizofrenie van nabij. Proefschrift. Delft: Eburon.

. Meichenbaum DH & Cameron R. (1973). Training schizophrenics to talk tothemselves: A means of developing self-controls. Behavior Therapy,4,515-534.

. Meiselman KC. (1970). Broadening dual modality cue utilization in chronicnonparanoid schizophrenics. Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology,41,515-534.

. Merluzzi TV & Biever J. (1987). Role-playing procedures for the assessment ofsocial skill: a validity study. Behavioral Assessment,9,361-376.

. Mersch PPA, Breukers P & Emmelkamp PMG. (1992). The simulated socialinteraction test: a psychometric evaluation with dutch social phobic patients.Behavioral Assessment,14,133-151.

. Moore AD & Stambrook M. (1990). Test-retest stability of the Wechsler AdultIntell igence Scale-Revised in the assessment of head-injured patients.Psychological Assessment,2,1,98-100.

. Mundt C, Kasper S, & Huerkamp M. (1989). The diagnostic specificity of negativesymptoms and their psychopathological context. British Journal ofPsychiatry,155,32-36.

. Neale JM & Liebert RM. (1980). Science and Behavior, an introduction to methodsof research, second edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

. Nuechterlein KH & Dawson ME (1984a). A heuristic vulnerability-tress model ofschizophrenic episodes. Schizophrenia Bulletin,10,2,300-312.

. Nuechterlein KH & Dawson ME. (1984b). Information processing and attentionalfunctioning in the developmental course of schizophrenic disorders. SchizophreniaBulletin,10,2,160-203.

. Nuechterlein KH, Dawson ME, Ventura J, Fogelson D, Gitlin M & Mintz J. (1990).Testing vulnerability models: stability of potential vulnerability indicators acrossclinical state. In: H Häfner & WF Gattaz (eds). Search for the Causes ofSchizophrenia, volII, 177-191.

. Nuechterlein KH, Edell WS, Norris M & Dawson ME. (1986). Attentionalvulnerability indicators, thought disorder, and negative symptoms. SchizophreniaBulletin,12,408-426.

. Olbrich R & Mussgay L. (1990). Reduction of schizophrenic deficits by cognitivetraining: an evaluative study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological

Page 12: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

129

Sciences,239,366-369.. Orzack MH & Kornetsky C. (1966). Attention dysfunction in chronic

schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry,14,323-326.. Peniston EG. (1988). Evaluation of long-term therapeutic efficacy of behavior

modification program with chronic male psychiatric inpatients. Journal ofBehavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry,19,2,95-101.

. Penn DL. (1991). Cognitive rehabilitation of social deficits in schizophrenia: Adirection of promise or following a primrose path? Psychosocial RehabilitationJournal,15,27-41.

. Penn DL, Hope DA, Spaulding WA & Kucera J. (1994). Social anxiety inschizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research,11,3, 277-284.

. Platt J & Siegel J. (1976). MMPI characteristics of good and poor social problem-solvers among psychiatric patients. Journal of Psychology,94,245-251.

. Platt J & Spivack G. (1972). Problem-solving thinking of psychiatric patients.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,39,148-154.

. Poelijoe NW, Brands AMEF & Vrijlandt AJW. (1987). Enige betrouwbaarheids-en validiteitsgegevens van een bondige psychopathologie-beoordelingsschaal(Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale; CPRS). Maastricht: Univer-siteit Limburg.

. Pogue-Geile M. (1990). Siblings of schizophrenic probands: presence ofneuropsychological impairments. Schizophrenia Research,3,62.

. Prescott CA, Strauss ME & Tune LE. (1986). Test-retest reliability of information-processing measures among chronic schizophrenics. Psychiatry Research,17,199-202.

. Quinn FL. (1986). The effects of psycho-education interventions with chronicschizophrenics. University of South Carolina: University Microfilm International.

. Ramsay RW. (1977). Behavioral approaches to bereavement. Behaviour Research& Therapy,15,131-135.

. Reich WP, Parrella DP & Filstead WJ. (1988) Unconfounding the Hassles Scale:external sources versus internal responses to stress. Journal of BehaviorMedicine,11, 239-249.

. Reich WP & Cutting J. (1982). Picture perception and abstract thought inschizophrenia. Psychological Medicine,12,91-96.

. Rey A. (1964). L'examen clinique en psychologie. Presses Universitaires deFrance.

. Roder V, Brenner HD, Kienzle N & Hodel B. (1988). Integriertes PsychologischesTherapieprogramm fur schizofrene Patienten (IPT). Munchen-Weinheim:Psychologie Verlags Union.

. Rosvold HE, Mirsky A, Sarason I, Bransome ED & Beck LH. (1956). A continuousperformance test of brain damage. Journal of Consulting Psychology,20,343-350.

. Ryan JJ, Prifitera A & Larsen J. (1982). Reliability of the WAIS-R with a mixedpatient sample. Perceptual and Motor Skills,55,1277-1278.

. Ryan JJ, Georgemiller RJ, Geisser ME & Randall DM. (1985). Test-retest stabilityof the WAIS-R in a clinical sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology,41,4,552-556.

. Saccuzzo DP. (1986). An information processing interpretation of theory andresearch in schizophrenia. In: RE Ingram (ed). Information processing approaches

Page 13: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

130

to clinical psychology. New York: Academic Press.. Saccuzzo DP & Braff DL. (1981). Early information processing deficit in

schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry,38,175-179.. Sanderman R. (1988). Life events, mediating variables and psychological distress:

a longitudinal study. Groningen: Akademisch Proefschrift.. Sanders CM. (1989). Grief: The mourning after. Dealing with adult bereavement.

New York: John Wiley & Sons.. Schmand BA. (1991). The energetics of cognition in psychosis. Proefschrift.

Utrecht: Onderwijs Media Instituut.. Schoot R van der, Tozie M, Saan RJ & Burg W van den. (1986). Cognitieve

restverschijnselen na trauma capitis. Scriptie: Afdeling Neuropsychologie, RijksUniversiteit Groningen.

. Schouten P, Zomeren AH & Deelman BG. (1978). Normeren van een testbatterij.Intern verslag. Rijks Universiteit Groningen.

. Schreurs PJG, Willige G van de, Tellegen B & Brosschot JF. (1988). De UtrechtseCoping Lijst. Omgaan met problemen en gebeurtenissen. Handleiding. Lisse:Swets & Zeitlinger.

. Seidman LJ, Pepple JR, Faraone SV & Kremen WS. (1991). Wisconsin CardSort ing Test performance over time in schizophrenia. SchizophreniaResearch,5,233-242.

. Shepherd M, Watt D, Falloon I & Smeeton N. (1989). The natural history ofschizophrenia: a five-year follow-up study of outcome and prediction in arepresentative sample of schizophrenic patients. Psychological Medicine,monograph supplement 15.

. Shif f r in RM & Schneider W. (1977). Controlled and automatic humaninformation processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a generaltheory. Psychological Review,84,127-189.

. Simon HA. (1975). The functional equivalence of problem solving skills.Cognitive Psychology,7,267-268.

. Slooff CJ. (1984). De klassifikatie en het beloop van schizofrene en reactievepsychosen. Dissertatie R.U. Groningen.

. Slooff CJ. (1988). Het beloop en de afloop van schizofrene psychosen. In: RJ vanden Bosch, CR van Meer, PMAJ Dingemans & DH Linszen (eds). Schizofrenie:recente ontwikkelingen in onderzoek en behandeling. Deventer: Van LoghumSlaterus.

. Slooff CJ, Appelo MT, Berkenbosch IM & Louwerens JW. (1994a).Revalidatiemodulen voor mensen met een schizofrenie, deel I. Assen: van Gorcum /Projectenprogramma Woonrevalidatie.

. Slooff CJ, Appelo MT, Berkenbosch IM & Louwerens JW. (1994b).Revalidatiemodulen voor mensen met een schizofrenie, deel II. Assen: van Gorcum/ Projectenprogramma Woonrevalidatie.

. Spring BJ & Ravdin L. (1992). Cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: Shouldwe attempt it? Schizophrenia Bulletin,18,15-20.

. Steffy RA & Galbraith EJ. (1980). Relation between latency and redundancy-associated deficit in schizophrenic reaction time performance. Journal ofAbnormal Psychology,89,419-427.

Page 14: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

131

. Stevens J. (1986). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. London:Lawrence Erlbauw Ass.

. Stotsky B. (1957). Motivation and task complexity as factors in psychomotorresponses of schizophrenics. Journal of Personality,25,327-343.

. Strauss ME, Prescott CA, Gutterman DF & Tune LE. (1987). Span of apprehensiondeficits in schizophrenia and mania. Schizophrenia Bulletin,13,4,699-704.

. Strauss JS, Rakfeldt J, Harding CM & Liberman RP. (1989). Psychological andsocial aspects of negative symptoms. British Journal of Psychiatry,155,7,128-132.

. Stuve P, Erickson RC & Spaulding W. (1991). Cognitive rehabilition: The nextstep in psychiatric rehabilitation. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal,15, 9-26.

. Sweeney JA, Haas GL, Keilp JG & Long M. (1991). Evaluation of the stability ofneuropsychological functioning after acute episodes of schizophrenia: One yearfollow-up study. Psychiatry Research,38,63-76.

. Tariot PN & Weingartner H. (1986). A psychobiologic analysis of cognitivefailures. Structure and mechanisms. Archives of General Psychiatry,43,1183-1188.

. Tessler RC, Willis G, & Gubman GD. (1986). Defining and measuring continuityof care. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal,10,27-38.

. Trauer T. (1979). The relationship between large group meetings and patient'sestimates of ward tension. British Journal of Medical Psychology,52,205-213.

. Tsuang M, Woolson R & Fleming J. (1979). Long term outcome of majorpsychosis: I. Schizophrenia and affective disorders compared with psychiatricallysymptom-free surgical conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry,36,1295-1301.

. Vaccaro JV & Roberts L. (1992). Teaching social and coping skills. In: MBirchwood & N Tarrier (eds). Innovations in the psychological management ofschizophrenia. New York: John Wiley.

. Vaughn CE & Leff JP. (1976). The influence of family and social factors on thecourse of psychiatric illness. British Journal of Psychiatry,129,125-137.

. Ventura J, Nuechterlein KH, Lukoff D & Hardesty JP. (1989). A prospective studyof stressfull life events and schizophrenic relapse. Journal of AbnormalPsychology,98, 4,407-411.

. Wagner BR. (1968). The training of attending and abstracting responses in chronicschizophrenic. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality,3,77-88.

. Wallace CJ. (1986). Functional assessment in rehabilitation. SchizophreniaBulletin,12,4,604-624.

. Wallace CJ, Nelson CJ, Liberman RP, Aitchison RA, Lukoff D, Elder JP & FerrisC. (1980). A review and critique of social skills training with schizophrenicpatients. Schizophrenia Bulletin,6,1,42-63.

. Wallander JL, Curran JP & Myers PE. (1983). Social calibration of the SSIT.Behavior Modification,7,3,423-445.

. Watts F & Bennett D. (1983). Theory and practice of psychiatric rehabilitation.New York: Wiley.

. Wechsler D. (1981). WAIS-R Manual. New York: Psychological Corporation.

. Wells DS & Leventhal D. (1984). Perceptual grouping in schizophrenia:Replication of Place and Gilmore. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,93,2,231-234.

. Wing JK. (1961). A simple and reliable subclassification of chronic schizophrenia.Journal of Mental Science,107, 862-875.

Page 15: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

132

. Wing JK. (1963). Rehabilitation of psychiatric patients. British Journal ofPsychiatry,109,635-641.

. Wing JK. (1975). Impairment in schizophrenia: a rational basis for socialtreatment. In: RD Wirt, G Winokur & M Ruff (eds). Life history research inpsychopathology vol4. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

. Wing JK. (1982). Rehabilitation and management of schizophrenia. In: JK Wing& L Wing (eds). Handbook of Psychiatry. Vol3. Psychoses of uncertain aetiology.New York: Cambridge University Press.

. Wing JK. (1989). The concept of negative symptoms. British Journal ofPsychiatry,155,7,10-14.Wohlberg GW & Kornetsky C. (1973). sustained attention in remittedschizophrenics. Archives of General Psychiatry,28,533-537.

. World Health Organization. (1979). Schizophrenia: An International Follow-upStudy. Chichester: Wiley.

. Wykes T. (1994). Predicting symptomatic and behavioural outcomes ofcommunity care. British Journal of Psychiatry,165,486-492.

. Zubin J & Spring B. (1977). Vulnerability a new view of schizophrenia. Journalof Abnormal Psychology,86,103-126.

Page 16: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

133

APPENDIX 1.

Pilot study:Percentile-scores of Cognitive Variables at first testing, adjusted to a normal population(n=8).Results printed boldface are above normal medium.___________________________________________________Variable Percentile-Score ___________________________________________________STROOP 24.3TRAIL-B 29.3MAZE-T 31.4MAZE-F 24.3WAIS-PA 51.7GIT-VC 50.0RALT-C 34.3RALT-R 38.6RCF-C 67.9RCF-R 28.6WAIS-DS 26.6GIT-WF1 28.8GIT-WF2 31.3___________________________________________________

Page 17: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

134

APPENDIX 2.

Pilot study:Correlation Coefficients of the Cognitive Variables used in the Pilot-Study (n=8). ________________________________________________________________________

STROOP TRAIL-B MAZES-T MAZES-F GIT-WF1

STROOP 1.00 .79* .10 -.33 .03TRAIL-B 1.00 .51 .15 .17MAZES-T 1.00 .73 .11MAZES-F 1.00 .46GIT-WF1 1.00

GIT-WF2 RALT-C RALT-R RCF-R WAIS-DS

STROOP .57 -.37 -.41 -.18 .51TRAIL-B .93** .18 .12 .03 .83*MAZES-T .63 .52 .25 -.29 .57MAZES-F .46 .56 .58 -.26 .33GIT-WF1 .42 -.15 .26 -.39 .24GIT-WF2 1.00 .36 .39 -.04 .80*RALT-C 1.00 .85* .56 .17RALT-R 1.00 .59 .15RCF-R 1.00 -.19WAIS-DS 1.00

________________________________________________________________________Significance: * = p < .01 ** = p < .001

Page 18: University of Groningen Bottom-up rehabilitation in ... · 119 References.. Abramczyk RR, Jordan DE & Hegel M. (1983). Reverse Stroop effect in the performance of schizophrenics

135

APPENDIX 3.

Mean Scores (and standard deviations) of Cognitive Variables used in the Pilot-Study(n=7 / T1-T2 n=9).________________________________________________________________________

T0 T1 T2 T3 F.U. C.S.T. S.S.T.

________________________________________________________________________STROOP n=7 24.3 ** 54.3 50.0 42.9 37.1

(29.4) (43.9) (29.4) (38.6) (36.8) n=9 44.4 42.2

(42.8) (29.9)

MAZES-T n=7 31.4 28.6 42.9 32.9 38.6(26.7) (26.7) (35.9) (36.8) (40.2)

n=9 24.4 ** 42.2(24.6) (34.6)

MAZES-F n=7 24.3 21.4 * 38.6 28.6 34.3(23.0) (15.7) (33.9) (33.4) (30.5)

n=9 18.9 * 38.9(14.5) (33.0)

GIT-WF1 n=7 30.0 31.4 37.1 31.6 33.0(20.8) (12.2) (11.1) (22.5) (27.3)

n=9 28.9 * 35.6(11.7) (11.3)

RALT-C n=7 34.3 ** 68.6 82.9 * 57.1 68.6(28.8) (38.5) (22.2) (35.9) (34.9)

n=9 55.6 ** 75.6(42.2) (26.0)

RCF-R n=7 28.6 35.7 ** 67.9 50.0 57.1( 9.5) (13.4) (23.8) (28.9) (27.8)

n=9 33.3 ** 61.1(12.5) (25.3)

WAIS-DS n=7 26.6 28.6 39.1 * 21.3 35.0(14.2) (18.0) (29.0) (14.6) (20.4)

n=9 29.3 39.1(18.1) (29.2)

TOTCOG n=7 28.5 * 38.4 ** 51.2 * 37.8 43.4(11.3) (12.1) (17.6) ( 8.2) (23.5)

n=9 33.6 ** 48.0(14.3) (18.2)

________________________________________________________________________* = Two-Tailed-Probability < .10 (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test)** = Two-Tailed-Probability < .05 (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test)C.S.T. = Cognitive Skills TrainingS.S.T. = Social Skills TrainingF.U. = Follow Up