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University of Delaware
Special Tests in The SpineSpecial Tests in The Spine
Tara Jo Manal PT,OCS, SCSTara Jo Manal PT,OCS, SCS
University of Delaware
Vertebral Artery TestVertebral Artery Test Combined Movements Combined Movements
to stress test the to stress test the cervical spinecervical spine
Symptoms: Symptoms: – Dizziness -TinnitusDizziness -Tinnitus
– LightheadednessLightheadedness
– Nystagmus -ParathesiaNystagmus -Parathesia
– Dysarthria - DiplopiaDysarthria - Diplopia
– DysphagiaDysphagia
University of Delaware
Vertebral Artery Preliminary Vertebral Artery Preliminary TestTest
Patient is sitting. Sustain cervical extension Patient is sitting. Sustain cervical extension for 10 seconds.for 10 seconds.
Sustain Rotation (L and R) 10 secondsSustain Rotation (L and R) 10 seconds IF POSITIVE STOPIF POSITIVE STOP If the testing is negative progress to If the testing is negative progress to
standard position.standard position.
University of Delaware
Vertebral Artery Standard TestVertebral Artery Standard Test
Patient is supine. Sustain cervical extension Patient is supine. Sustain cervical extension for 10 seconds. for 10 seconds.
Sustain Rotation (L and R) for 10 secondsSustain Rotation (L and R) for 10 seconds Combine Extension with Rotation (L and R) Combine Extension with Rotation (L and R)
for 10 seconds.for 10 seconds. Test the patient in the Test the patient in the manipulationmanipulation
positionposition IF POSITIVE IF POSITIVE STOPSTOP, do not manipulate, do not manipulate
University of Delaware
Cervical DistractionCervical Distraction
Nerve Root Nerve Root CompressionCompression
Radicular pain is Radicular pain is decreased, test is decreased, test is positivepositive
University of Delaware
Cervical Compression TestCervical Compression Test
Pressure downward on Pressure downward on headhead
Test is positive if pain Test is positive if pain is evokedis evoked
University of Delaware
Spurling ASpurling A
SeatedSeated Neck Side bent to the Neck Side bent to the
ipisilateral sideipisilateral side 7kg of overpressure 7kg of overpressure
appliedapplied
Presence of pain, Presence of pain, parasthesial or parasthesial or numbnessnumbness
University of Delaware
Spurling BSpurling B
SeatedSeated ExtensionExtension Sidebending and Sidebending and
Rotation to the Rotation to the ipsilateral sideipsilateral side
7kg of axial pressure 7kg of axial pressure is appliedis applied
University of Delaware
Sharp –Purser TestSharp –Purser Test
Neck in semi flexionNeck in semi flexion Palm of one hand on Palm of one hand on
foreheadforehead Index finger on Index finger on
Spinous process C2Spinous process C2 Posterior force Posterior force
through foreheadthrough forehead Posterior slide is + for Posterior slide is + for
AA instabilityAA instability
University of Delaware
Shoulder Abduction SignShoulder Abduction Sign
Most common nerve Most common nerve root compression at root compression at C5-6C5-6
Decrease in symptoms Decrease in symptoms is positive responseis positive response
University of Delaware
Median Nerve TestingMedian Nerve Testing
Shoulder Retraction Shoulder Retraction and Depressionand Depression
Shoulder ExtensionShoulder Extension External RotationExternal Rotation Elbow ExtensionElbow Extension Forearm SupinationForearm Supination Wrist/Finger Wrist/Finger
ExtensionExtension Cervical SB and Rot Cervical SB and Rot
AwayAway
University of Delaware
Upper Limb Tension Testing AUpper Limb Tension Testing A
Scapular DepressionScapular Depression Shoulder AbductionShoulder Abduction Shoulder ERShoulder ER Elbow ExtensionElbow Extension Forearm SupForearm Sup Wrist and Finger Wrist and Finger
ExtensionExtension
University of Delaware
Radial Nerve TestingRadial Nerve Testing
Proximal as for Proximal as for MedianMedian
Shoulder Internal RotShoulder Internal Rot Forearm PronationForearm Pronation Wrist FlexionWrist Flexion Ulnar DeviationUlnar Deviation Finger FlexionFinger Flexion
University of Delaware
Upper Limb Tension Testing BUpper Limb Tension Testing B
Supine in 30Supine in 30º Abdº Abd Scap DepressionScap Depression Shoulder IRShoulder IR Elbow ExtensionElbow Extension Wrist and Finger Wrist and Finger
FlexionFlexion Opposite Cervical SB Opposite Cervical SB
and Rotand Rot
University of Delaware
Ulnar Nerve TestingUlnar Nerve Testing
Shoulder RetractionShoulder Retraction Shld Ext and ERShld Ext and ER Elbow FlexionElbow Flexion Forearm SupinationForearm Supination Wrist Extension and Wrist Extension and
Radial DeviationRadial Deviation Finger ExtensionFinger Extension Cervical SB and Rot Cervical SB and Rot
awayaway
University of Delaware
T1 Nerve Root StretchT1 Nerve Root Stretch
Abduct to 90Abduct to 90ºº Flex pronated arms to Flex pronated arms to
9090º º Flex elbows and place Flex elbows and place
behind the neckbehind the neck Pain in scapular area is Pain in scapular area is
T1- Pain in Ulnar T1- Pain in Ulnar distribution is Ulnardistribution is Ulnar
University of Delaware
Cervical Lateral GlidesCervical Lateral Glides
University of Delaware
University of Delaware
University of Delaware
InterventionIntervention
3 Thrust 3 Thrust ManipulationsManipulations– 2 reps of each2 reps of each
Seated DistractionSeated Distraction
University of Delaware
InterventionIntervention
Supine Upper Supine Upper Thoracic ManipThoracic Manip
University of Delaware
InterventionIntervention
Supine Middle Supine Middle Thoracic ManipulationThoracic Manipulation
University of Delaware
Other InterventionOther Intervention
Cervical ROMCervical ROM
University of Delaware
Upper Thoracic ManipulationUpper Thoracic Manipulation
CT junctionCT junction Patient sits far back on Patient sits far back on
tabletable Stabilize shoulders Stabilize shoulders Use their hands as Use their hands as
fulcrumfulcrum Distract upwardsDistract upwards
– Drop downDrop down
University of Delaware
Winters, et al., 1997Winters, et al., 1997
Manipulation to Manipulation to surrounding structures in surrounding structures in patients with complaints patients with complaints originating from the originating from the shoulder girdle are more shoulder girdle are more effective when the effective when the shoulder pain is not shoulder pain is not related to decreased ROM related to decreased ROM in the glenohumeral jointin the glenohumeral joint