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IB10 11_9700_12/3RP © UCLES 2010 [Turn over

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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level

BIOLOGY 9700/12

Paper 1 Multiple Choice October/November 2010

1 hour Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D.

Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.

Any rough working should be done in this booklet.

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1 Which steps are needed to find the actual width of a xylem vessel viewed in transverse section

using a ×40 objective lens?

1 Convert from mm to µm by multiplying by 10–3.

2 Calibrate the eyepiece graticule using a stage micrometer on ×10 objective lens.

3 Measure the width of the xylem vessel using an eyepiece graticule.

4 Multiply the number of eyepiece graticule units by the calibration of the eyepiece graticule.

A 1, 2, 3 and 4

B 2, 3 and 4 only

C 1 and 2 only

D 3 and 4 only 2 A specimen is viewed under a microscope using green light with a wavelength of 510 nm.

If the same specimen is viewed under the same conditions, but using red light with a wavelength of 650 nm instead, what effect will this have on the magnification and on the resolution of the microscope?

magnification resolution

A decreased decreased

B increased increased

C remains the same decreased

D remains the same increased

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3 Which cell organelle does not contain nucleic acid?

A chloroplast

B Golgi apparatus

C lysosome

D ribosome 4 The diameter of living cells varies considerably.

The typical diameters are

a eukaryote, such as a white blood cell 1.5 × 101 µm

a prokaryote, such as Streptococcus 7.5 × 102 nm

Use these measurements to find the maximum number of each cell type which could fit along a line 1 cm long.

number of white

blood cells number of

Streptococcus cells

A 6.7 × 103 1.3 × 105

B 6.7 × 102 1.3 × 104

C 6.7 × 101 1.3 × 103

D 6.7 × 100 1.3 × 102

5 Cells consist of a number of different components.

Which row shows the components present (�) in both a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

lysosomes Golgi

apparatus ribosomes

cell surface membrane

A � �

B � �

C � �

D � �

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6 The diagram shows part of a carbohydrate molecule.

C O

CH2OH

CH2

HO

OHHO

HO

CH2OH

O

C O

HO

OHOHO O

C O

HO

OH

CH2OH

C O

HO

OH

If all the 1, 4 glycosidic bonds in this molecule are hydrolysed, how many water molecules will be used and how many separate glucose molecules will be produced?

number of water molecules used

number of glucose molecules produced

A 1 1

B 2 2

C 3 3

D 4 4

7 A peptide bond is formed between atoms of which two elements?

A carbon and carbon

B carbon and hydrogen

C carbon and nitrogen

D hydrogen and nitrogen

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8 Which features affect the tensile strength of collagen?

1 the helical structure of collagen chains

2 the small R group of the amino acids in collagen

3 the insoluble nature of collagen

4 the covalent bonds between collagen molecules

A 1, 2, 3 and 4

B 1 and 3 only

C 1, 2 and 4 only

D 2, 3 and 4 only 9 An amino acid can be represented as

N C

H

H

H

C

O

OH

R

where R represents a variable side chain.

Which is not a possible side chain?

A CH3

B CH2CH2SCH3

C CH2CONH2

D HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH 10 When red cells leave the lungs, haemoglobin is 98 % saturated.

How many molecules of oxygen will be carried by the majority of haemoglobin molecules?

A 2 B 4 C 6 D 8

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11 A fixed volume of the enzyme catalase was added to a fixed volume of hydrogen peroxide solution. The diagram shows how the rate of the reaction changed over the course of the reaction.

00

rate ofreaction

time

initial rateactual rate

Why did the actual rate of reaction decrease over time?

A The enzyme active sites become saturated.

B The enzymes were denatured.

C The product inhibited the reaction.

D The substrate molecules were used up. 12 Which levels of protein structure are always involved when competitive and non-competitive

inhibitors bind to enzymes?

competitive non-competitive

A primary, secondary and tertiary secondary

B quaternary and tertiary quaternary and tertiary

C secondary primary and tertiary

D tertiary tertiary

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13 The diagram shows the transport of ions across the cell surface membrane. Inside the cell there is a low concentration of sodium ions (Na+) and a high concentration of potassium ions (K+). Outside the cell there is a low concentration of K+ and a high concentration of Na+.

The carrier molecule is a pump which exchanges Na+ for K+ ions.

1

4

cell surfacemembrane

inside cell

outside cell

2

3carriermolecule

Which ionic movements are represented by the arrows?

active transport

of K+ active transport

of Na+ diffusion of Na+ diffusion of K+

A 2 3 1 4

B 2 3 4 1

C 3 2 1 4

D 3 2 4 1

14 Plant cells were immersed in solutions of different water potential and left for one hour.

Which row shows the effect of the different solutions on the plant cells?

water potential of solution compared to plant cells

less negative equal more negative

A flaccid turgid unchanged

B flaccid unchanged turgid

C turgid unchanged flaccid

D unchanged flaccid turgid

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15 Which molecules, found in cell surface membranes, contribute to cell recognition?

1 glycolipids

2 glycoproteins

3 phospholipids

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only 16 The cell cycle includes mitosis.

Which are features of nuclear division?

1 forms cells of equal size to the parent cell

2 forms genetically identical cells

3 semi-conservative replication of DNA

A 2 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3 17 In which process does mitosis not have an important role in living things?

A asexual reproduction

B growth of cells

C increase in size

D repair to damaged tissues

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18 The diagram shows the chromosomes of a typical plant cell at the metaphase stage of mitosis.

Which row describes this cell during metaphase?

structures present at metaphase

diploid number (2n) for the plant cell wall centriole spindle

A 4 � � �

B 8 � � �

C 8 � � �

D 16 � � �

19 The table shows the percentages of bases in DNA from various types of cell.

percentage of bases in DNA

source of DNA adenine guanine thymine cytosine

calf thymus 28.2 21.5 27.8 22.5

bull spleen 27.9 22.7 27.3 22.1

bull sperm 28.6 22.2 27.2 22.0

rat bone marrow 28.7 21.4 28.4 21.5

yeast 31.3 18.7 32.9 17.1

What is a valid deduction from these data?

A All cells from the same species have approximately the same content of DNA.

B Small differences in DNA from different cells have large effects.

C The four bases show complementary base pairing.

D The structure of DNA is different in yeast and animal cells.

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20 Which row shows the correct combination?

triplet code codon anticodon

A DNA mRNA tRNA

B DNA tRNA mRNA

C mRNA DNA tRNA

D tRNA mRNA DNA

21 A culture of bacteria had all its DNA labelled with the heavy isotope of nitrogen (15N). A sample

was taken and spun in a centrifuge.

The diagram shows the position of the DNA band at Z in the centrifuge tube.

X

Y

Z

The culture was then allowed to reproduce using nucleotides containing the normal isotope of nitrogen (14N). Samples were taken and spun in a centrifuge after one generation and again after two generations.

In which pattern would the DNA be found after the first and after the second generations?

after first generation after second generation

A half at X and half at Y quarter at X, quarter at Z and half at Y

B half at X and half at Z quarter at X, quarter at Z and half at Y

C all at Y half at X and half at Y

D all at Z half at Y and half at Z

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22 S and T are products of a biochemical pathway. A different enzyme, coded for by different specific genes, catalyses each step in the pathway.

gene 1

enzyme 1

gene 2

enzyme 2

gene 3

gene 4

enzyme 3

enzyme 4

P Q R

S

T

What is the possible outcome to the pathway if a mutation in gene 3 leads to an inactive enzyme?

A There is a decrease in the activity of gene 1 and gene 2.

B There is an accumulation of product S.

C There is an increase in the rate of reaction of enzyme 4.

D There is an increase in the production of T. 23 Which processes are involved in transpiration?

1 the diffusion of water vapour from stomata

2 the mass flow of water through the xylem

3 the evaporation of water from spongy mesophyll cells

4 the evaporation of water vapour from exposed leaves

A 1, 2, 3 and 4 B 1 and 3 only C 1 and 4 only D 2, 3 and 4 only 24 What is the main function of a companion cell in mature phloem tissue?

A providing cytoplasmic contact with the sieve tube element for loading

B providing structural support for the sieve tube element

C providing the nucleus for cell division in the phloem

D providing the source of assimilates for storage

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25 Water passes across leaf tissues by different routes as a result of

• differences in water potential

• the pull transmitted by cohesive forces between water molecules.

The diagram shows three routes by which water can travel.

cuticle

cuticle

epidermalcell

epidermalcell

xylem vessel

palisade cell

cells of thespongymesophyll

route 1 = apoplasticroute 2 = vacuolarroute 3 = symplastic

key

atmosphere

Which row correctly identifies why water passes across leaf tissues by the different routes?

differences in

water potential pull transmitted by

cohesive forces

A route 1 routes 2 and 3

B routes 1 and 3 route 2

C route 2 routes 1 and 3

D routes 2 and 3 route 1

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26 The diagram shows a transverse section of a stem.

Which area is the phloem?

A

BCD

27 The diagram shows the water potential (Ψ) in some plant cells and in their environment.

cell 1Ψ =

– 7 kPa

cell 2Ψ =

– 5 kPa

environmentΨ = – 5 kPa

cell 3Ψ =

– 4 kPa

Which statements are correct for this situation?

1 Water moves into and out of all three cells.

2 There is a net movement of water into cell 1.

3 There is no movement of water from the environment to cell 2.

4 Water moves out of cell 3 so it becomes plasmolysed.

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

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28 Which of the tissue types below are present in the walls of all blood vessels?

1 collagen

2 elastic

3 endothelial

4 smooth muscle

A 1, 2, 3 and 4

B 1, 2 and 4 only

C 2 and 3 only

D 3 only 29 In mammals, some carbon dioxide is transported by red blood cells in combination with

haemoglobin.

What is the product of this combination?

A carbamino-haemoglobin

B carbonic acid

C carboxyhaemoglobin

D haemoglobinic acid

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30 The graph shows pressure changes during a cardiac cycle.

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

pressure /kPa

time / s

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

W

X

Y

Z

Which row correctly identifies W, X, Y, and Z?

W X Y Z

A atrio-ventricular

valves close

semi-lunar

valves close

semi-lunar

valves open

atrio-ventricular

valves open

B atrio-ventricular

valves close

semi-lunar

valves open

semi-lunar

valves close

atrio-ventricular

valves open

C semi-lunar

valves close

atrio-ventricular

valves open

atrio-ventricular

valves close

semi-lunar

valves open

D semi-lunar

valves open

atrio-ventricular

valves close

atrio-ventricular

valves open

semi-lunar

valves close

31 Some babies are born with a hole between the right and left atria. These newly born babies are

found to have an increased number of red blood cells.

What is the reason for this increase?

A More blood is needed because it is pumped faster.

B Newly born babies’ haemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen.

C Newly born babies’ haemoglobin molecules only have one haem group.

D There is less oxygen available to the newly born baby.

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32 Which row correctly shows the areas of the respiratory tract that contain cartilage, cilia (ciliated epithelium), goblet cells and smooth muscle?

cartilage cilia goblet cells smooth muscle

A

bronchiole, bronchus bronchiole, trachea bronchus, trachea bronchiole, trachea

B

bronchus, trachea bronchiole, bronchus bronchus, trachea bronchiole, trachea

C

bronchiole, trachea bronchus, trachea bronchiole, bronchus bronchiole, bronchus, trachea

D

bronchus, trachea bronchiole, bronchus, trachea

bronchus, trachea bronchiole, bronchus, trachea

33 In some cases where a person has lung disease, the partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary

veins is less than the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli.

Which would contribute to the description above?

1 A high proportion of alveoli are collapsed and do not have enough alveolar capillaries.

2 The degree of alveolar ventilation is too low for the cardiac output supplying most of the alveoli.

3 The partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary arteries is lower than in the alveolar air.

4 The rate of diffusion of oxygen from the alveolar air to the surrounding alveolar capillaries is too slow.

A 1, 2 and 4 B 1, 3 and 4 C 1 and 2 only D 3 and 4 only

34 Which of the effects listed occur as a result of inhaling both carbon monoxide and nicotine from

cigarette smoke?

1 increased heart rate

2 increased risk of cardiovascular disease

3 increased risk of emphysema

4 increased risk of lung cancer

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2, 3 and 4 D 3 and 4 only

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35 During an investigation on gas exchange, three measurements were made on four people. The efficiency of gas exchange was the same in all four people.

Which person, A, B, C or D, absorbed most oxygen during normal breathing?

breathing rate

/ breaths per minute tidal volume

/ dm3 total lung volume

/ dm3

A 14 0.6 6.4

B 15 0.6 6.0

C 16 0.5 6.4

D 17 0.5 5.8

36 The data shows how the number of human deaths caused by the bacterium

Staphylococcus aureus has changed from 1997 to 2005.

Methicillin is an antibiotic used to treat a disease caused by S. aureus. MRSA is methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

year total number of death

certificates with S. aureus total number of death certificates with MRSA

1997 369 355

1999 452 431

2001 456 681

2003 420 890

2005 428 1512

Which statement is not supported by this data?

A More people have MRSA so the disease spreads.

B MRSA is more likely to lead to death as there is no treatment.

C Resistant strains of MRSA are becoming more common.

D S. aureus will always cause humans to die. 37 An enzyme hydrolyses the two heavy polypeptide chains of an antibody molecule. The hydrolysis

occurs at the hinge region and breaks the antibody into three fragments.

How many of these fragments are able to bind to antigens?

A 0 B 1 C 2 D 3

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38 The diagram shows the response to a pathogen by the immune system.

division

some formS

somerelease

R

P Q

Q

Q

Q Q Q

Which row correctly identifies P, Q, R and S?

P Q R S

A antibody T-lymphocyte antigen plasma cell

B antigen B-lymphocyte antibody memory cell

C antigen T-lymphocyte antitoxin B-lymphocyte

D bacteria B-lymphocyte antibody T-lymphocyte

39 The diagram represents part of the nitrogen cycle.

Which process is carried out by nitrifying bacteria?

nitrogen compounds in soil

nitrogen compounds in plants

ammonia

nitrogen in atmosphere

nitrogen compounds in animals

A

BC

D

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40 The diagram shows the flow of energy between organisms in an ecosystem.

1 2

4

3

Which correctly identifies each organism in the ecosystem?

1 2 3 4

A primary

consumers

decomposers secondary

consumers

producers

B primary

consumers

secondary

consumers

producers decomposers

C secondary

consumers

decomposers producers primary

consumers

D secondary

consumers

primary

consumers

decomposers producers

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University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2010 9700/12/O/N/10

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