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From Atomic to NVFrom Atomic to NV--diamond Magnetometersdiamond Magnetometers
+ a glimpse of future applications+ a glimpse of future applications
Victor M. Acosta and Victor M. Acosta and Dmitry BudkerDmitry BudkerUniversity of California at BerkeleyUniversity of California at Berkeley
1
OutlineOutline
O ti l t i t tO ti l t i t t Optical atomic magnetometersOptical atomic magnetometers
R tR t d t tid t ti MRIMRI RemoteRemote--detection detection MRIMRI
NMRNMR on boardon board microfluidic chipsmicrofluidic chips NMR NMR on board on board microfluidic chipsmicrofluidic chips
ZeroZero--field Jfield J--couplingcoupling spectroscopyspectroscopy ZeroZero--field Jfield J--coupling coupling spectroscopyspectroscopy
Beyond atomic vapor: GMR andBeyond atomic vapor: GMR and NV diamondNV diamond Beyond atomic vapor: GMR and Beyond atomic vapor: GMR and NV diamondNV diamond
NVNV--diamonddiamond work at UCB physicswork at UCB physics
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NVNV diamond diamond work at UCB physicswork at UCB physics
AllAll--opticaloptical magnetometersmagnetometers
PumpPump “Precession”“Precession” PrecessionPrecession ProbeProbe
33Figure from: D.B. : A new spin on magnetometryNature (News&Views) 422, 574 - 575 (2003)
Features:
• FM NMOR gradiometer
• 1-cm, near-room temp. cells
• “Piercing” solenoid
M lti t• Multi-purpose system
4REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC
INSTRUMENTS 77, 083106 2006
Experimental Set-up
5Dr. Shoujun Xu, winner, 2007 R&D 100 award for Laser-Detected MRI
First MRI with atomic First MRI with atomic magmag: 02/06: 02/06
•Channels are 3.2 mm in diameter
x 25 mm
•Center-to-center spacing: 5.1 mm
•Total experimental time: 12 h
6S. Xu, V. V. Yashchuk, M. H. Donaldson, S. M. Rochester, A. Pines and D. Budker, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0605396103 (2006)
Fluid Mixing
7
Not only water !
8
Some other NMR/MRI applicationsSome other NMR/MRI applications(with Prof. Alex Pines’ group, UCB Chemistry)(with Prof. Alex Pines’ group, UCB Chemistry)
Erwin L. HahnAlex Pines
RelaxometryRelaxometry withwith(low(low--field benefit)field benefit) •• NQR (work in progress)NQR (work in progress)
Direct encoding (no pulsesDirect encoding (no pulses) ) C. W. Crawford, Shoujun Xu, Eric J. Siegel, Dmitry Budker, and Alexander C. W. Crawford, Shoujun Xu, Eric J. Siegel, Dmitry Budker, and Alexander Pines FluidPines Fluid flow characterization with nuclear spins without magnetic resonanceflow characterization with nuclear spins without magnetic resonance Applied Physics LettersApplied Physics Letters 9393(9) 092507 (2008)(9) 092507 (2008)
•• JJ--couplingcoupling
Pines, FluidPines, Fluid--flow characterization with nuclear spins without magnetic resonance,flow characterization with nuclear spins without magnetic resonance, Applied Physics LettersApplied Physics Letters 9393(9), 092507 (2008)(9), 092507 (2008)
Imaging in porous medium (even metal)Imaging in porous medium (even metal) Shoujun Xu, Shoujun Xu, EladElad HarelHarel, David J. Michalak, , David J. Michalak, Charles W. Crawford, Dmitry Budker, and Alexander Pines, Flow in porous metallic materials: a magnetic resonance imaging studCharles W. Crawford, Dmitry Budker, and Alexander Pines, Flow in porous metallic materials: a magnetic resonance imaging study, y, Journal of Journal of Magnetic Resonance ImagingMagnetic Resonance Imaging 2828, 1299, 1299--1302 (2008) 1302 (2008)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0711505105
NIST microchip
10
Abe Lincoln
Erwin L. Hahn, the wizard J-coupling
I2
MHf100)(Hz 200121 BIBI
II
J
HJH
I1
MHzof100s)( 2211 BIBI ZH
J
2 2
High field NMR spectrumHigh-field NMR spectrumHahn, E.L. & Maxwell, D.E. Phys. Rev. 84 1246-1247 (1952).Gutowsky, H.S., McCall, D.W., & Slichter, C.P. J. Chem. Phys. 21, 279-292 (1953).
Optical magnetometer NMR setupEncodingfor remote (90 L)
NIST fabricatedAlkali vapor cell
9mm
Detection volume~20-80 L
Prepolarizating magnetRb D1 light
Pulse sequenceSpin temperature parameters equilibrate via J-coupling interactioninteraction
Flow is stopped
13C enriched methanol CH3OH
60
80
100
al(p
T)
T1 =2.2 s11 transientsLinewidth (HWHM) 0 1 Hz
0 1 2 3 40
20
40
60
Sig
nal
a)2JHC, proton quadruplet
Linewidth (HWHM) 0.1 Hz
1
2
3
pT)
0 1 2 3 4
Time (s)
Real
-3
-2
-1
0
1
FT
(pT
b)
Imaginary
150 200 250 300
Frequency (Hz)
-3
JHC, proton doubletJHC, proton doublet
Earth field spectrum, Appelt, Häsing,Kühn, Blümich, PRA 76,023420 (2007)
ChemicalChemical--group specificitygroup specificityM.P. Ledbetter, C.W. Crawford, A. Pines, D.E. Wemmer, S. Knappe, J. Kitching, and D Budker Optical detection of NMR J spectra at zero magnetic field Journal ofD. Budker, Optical detection of NMR J-spectra at zero magnetic field, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 199 (2009) 25–29
13CH3-12CH2-OH
12CH 13CH OH12CH3-13CH2-OH
1616
Present Results, Limitations and DirectionsPresent Results, Limitations and Directions
M.P. Ledbetter, C.W. Crawford, A. Pines, D.E. Wemmer, S. Knappe, J. Kitching, and D. Budker, Optical detection of NMR J-spectra at zero magnetic field, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 199 (2009) 25–29
Need improve sensitivity: ~40 Need improve sensitivity: ~40 fTfT HzHz--1/2 1/2 →→ 1 1 fTfT HzHz--1/21/2p yp y
Need better Need better microfluidicsmicrofluidics; smaller volumes; smaller volumes
Work with unWork with un--enriched samples (1% Cenriched samples (1% C--13)13)
Higher polarization? Higher polarization? → → DNP, DNP, parahydrogenparahydrogen, …, …
1717
NMR insideNMR inside--out:out:pHpH polarization; laserpolarization; laser magmag detectiondetectionpHpH22 polarization; laserpolarization; laser--magmag detectiondetection
T TheisT. TheisP. GanssleG KG. Kervern M. P. LedbetterD. B.A. Pines
1818
Hydrogenation with Hydrogenation with pHpH22
Eth lbSt EthylbenzeneStyrene
1919
Another System: Another System: 1515N labeled pyridineN labeled pyridine
2020
Chemical DynamicsChemical Dynamicshexynehexyne öö hexenehexene öö hexanehexanehexynehexyne öö hexenehexene öö hexanehexane
2121
Does it have to be a vapor‐cell magnetometer?
2222
Sensitivity: 0.2 nT Hz-1/2 expected; 4 nT Hz-1/2 @ 1 Hz in practice
• Major recent progress by Dr. Claude Fermon and colleagues!
Magnetic Sensingwith Nitrogen Vacancy Ensembles in Diamond
V. M. Acosta, E. Bauch, M. P. Ledbetter,
Recent UCB Physics NV-diamond experiments, , ,
C. Santori, K.-M. C. Fu, P. E. Barclay, R. G. Beausoleil, H. Linget, J. F. Roch, F. Treussart, S. Chemerisov, W. Gawlik, and D Budker High nitrogen vacancy densityD. Budker, High nitrogen-vacancy density diamonds for magnetometry applications, Phys. Rev. B 80, 115202 (2009) (arXiv:0903.3277)
L.-S. Bouchard, V. M. Acosta, E. Bauch, and D. Budker, Detection of the MeissnerEffect with a Diamond MagnetometerEffect with a Diamond Magnetometer (http://arxiv.org/abs/0911.2533)
V. M. Acosta, E. Bauch, M. P. Ledbetter, A. Waxman, L. S. Bouchard, and D. Budker, Temperature dependence of the nitrogen-vacancy magnetic resonance in diamond (arXiv:0911.3938)diamond (arXiv:0911.3938)Phys. Rev. Lett., 104, 07081 (2010)
-75 kHz/K or 25 mG/K !!!!!!
C. Kim, V. M. Acosta, E. Bauch, D. Budker, and P.
Recent UCB NV-diamond experiments (cont’d), , , ,
R. Hemmer, Electron Spin Resonance in Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond and Ionization Fraction vs. Electron Irradiation Dose (arXiv:0912 5267)(arXiv:0912.5267)
Summary:Summary:
• Atomic magnetometers for NMR/MRI detection
• Microfluidic NMR
• Zero-field J-spectra with pH2 polarization
• NV-diamond future (Monday starts on Saturday)
2626
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsggErik Bauch (TU-Berlin) Amir Waxman (BGU)
Louis Bouchard, UCLA
c.w. from left: W jt k G lik (K k )
Phil Hemmer, TAMUWojtek Gawlik (Krakow), Victor Acosta, Charles Santori (HP),Dima Budker (Berkeley)( y)Heloise Linget (ENS Cachan)
Also: Lucas Zipp, A Jarmola, M. Ledbetter (Berkeley), Changdong Kim (TAMU)F. Treussart J.F. Roch
Thanks:Thanks:
Budker group
Pines group
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