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UNIVERSITY CAMPUS CHILLER
PLANTS – ASHRAE GUIDELINE
22 AND STANDARD 184P IN
OPERATIONPresented by John Vucci
Associate Director, HVAC Systems
University of Maryland College Park
ASHRAE Winter meeting Chicago, Il.
January 21, 2018
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Provide overview of Guideline 22 as is being used for installation & operation monitoring
Chilled Water Plant Efficiency.
Provide understanding of benefit of measuring chiller Plant Performance through a dash board
at a multi use Facility.
Obstacles to over come found when identifying Guideline 22 for design and installation.
Sample Plants utilizing Guideline 22 with potential takeaway benefits & ideas.
Overview of STD 184P.
ASHRAE is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to ASHRAE records for AIA members. Certificates for completion for non-AIA members are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/ASHRAE for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• General information identifying the need
• General Information Guideline 22
• Potential Uses from and Owner Perspective
• Implementation Obstacles
• Methods of control for retrofits
• Equipment inclusion
• Case study sample utilization
• Standard 184P potential uses and Committee Beta test
UNIVERSITY INFORMATION
1305 Acres with > 305 Buildings
$70M F&U Budget
Nominally 30,000 Tons refrigeration comprised of 13
Satellite Central Plants with other Plants (approx. 12,300
Tons) singularly dedicated for stand alone buildings,
most central plants are available year round.
Campus functions range from High end specific research
of 100% Outdoor air labs, clean rooms, BSL-3 , computer
facilities, academic teaching theatres, classrooms
offices, Residence halls and dining facilities.
+/- 39,000 Undergraduates, 9,000 Graduate Students
with 10,000 faculty and staff .
UNIVERSITY INFRASTRUCTURE UTILITY
COST INFORMATION AS OF FY-16
Electric Peak Demand: 43 MW
Electric F&U: $16M / All-in cost $72/MWh
Steam Peak Demand: 248 KLbs./Hr.
Steam Utility Cost: $10M
Water Costs: $8.20/1,000 gal
Sanitary Cost: $11.20/1,000 gal
Annual water & Sewer Cost: $8.2M
Note: Approximately 50% of campus CT makeup water is sub
metered by Public Utility. Agreements with Public Utility credits
73% of makeup water sewer charge and attributes 27% of
makeup water to sanitary sewer blowdown
CHILLER PLANTS
With Multiple Chiller Plants across the campus understanding and control
of energy becomes increasingly important as building inventory
expands.
Utilization of Guideline 22 has become a means for monitoring oversight
to standardize measurement & verification through the Central Control
and Monitoring System (CCMS) or Campus BAS.
GUIDELINE 22 – SCOPE NOTES
The procedures identified are for site-specific. Within the Guideline
they do not discuss the comparison of collected data between
different sites, nor do they recommend that data obtained be
applied in this manner.
Section 2.3 The procedures also do not discuss:
(a) Any Plants except electrically driven Chilled Water Plants
(b) The design and operation of Central Chilled Water Plants,
except for recommending the instrumentation, used to
determine Plant Efficiency, or
(c) The selection, application , or operation of the system
components
POTENTIAL USES FROM AN OWNERS
PERSPECTIVE
BTUH metering and power consumption, integration of plant
automation to achieve best operating performance.
Comparative evaluation of different plants to evaluate various
design criteria, maintenance and performance upgrades.
Advanced troubleshooting tool.
Assessment tool for connected buildings.
POTENTIAL USES FROM AN OWNERS
PERSPECTIVE (CONT’D.)
Assistance to owner staff working through Cx start up process
identifying deficiencies.
Owner clearly identifying design and performance expectation
criteria to the engineer throughout the design, working with
installation intent and requirements.
Owner modifications and additions to chiller plant M&V to utilize
G-22 philosophy include replacement of metering, additional
BAS programing, additional data points, (e.g., KWH power
metering of constant volume pumps and inclusion of total KWH
components).
IMPLEMENTATION OBSTACLES
BAS and/or Engineers interpretation of design intent of utilizing a
summary dashboard for installation.
BAS contractors interpretation of engineers criteria identified in the
specification narrative.
Vague design specifications lead to communication interpretation
errors. Reduced cost interpretations or “value engineering” to meet
the design intent can plague Cx and effective installation to meet the
Owner’s program intent.
METHODS OF CONTROLLING
RETROFITS FOR FUTURE UTILIZATION
Design and retrofit of Automation Upgrades needs to consider:
Owner design direct involvement of control system integration.
Owner project management oversight of BAS contractor interpretation and installation.
Potentially owner installation of flow meters and power meters to provide accuracy and real time measurement.
Where owner is not directly involved the owners contract liaison needs to be intimately familiar with both meter installation requirements as well as BAS integration.
MAJOR EQUIPMENT TO CONSIDER
Chiller Power and BTUH
CHW Pump Power
Plant design consideration to include Primary CHW Pump for variable Flow Primary or both Primary CHW Pump and Secondary CHW Pump.
CW Pump Power
Cooling Tower fan Power and total rejected BTUH
Though not directly related to G-22 principles of G-22 can be considered for Heating water plant operational dash boarding.
SCUB MM 12-1-17
Oakland Hall SCUB 12-1-17
MEASUREMENT & VERIFICATION
What plants are the most efficient?
B425 Prince Frederick Hall
B224 Wing 2 Computer Space
Science SCUB
B416 SCUB 5
B046 Marie Mount SCUB
B224 Wing 4 Computer Space
Science SCUB
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
B425 Prince
Frederick
Hall SCUB
B224 Wing 2
Computer
Space
Science
SCUB
B416 SCUB 5 B046 Marie
Mount SCUB
B224 Wing 4
Computer
Space
Science
SCUB
2015 KW/Ton
STANDARD 184P The STD-184P is available for purchase
There is to be an accompanying Excel Worksheet to assist in developing the
Uncertainty of field effect on the accuracy of the Field Performance Test.
The Standard does not take the place of the AHRI-550/590 factory certification
Where are there opportunities to utilize a Field Performance Test of a Chiller.
Where the chiller is erected in the field
For field commissioning of chiller Plants to understand the “field installation
impacts”
For baseline measurement of chiller performance prior to and after potential
upgrades occur within an Energy Performance Contract
Baseline testing for owners building a Chiller Plant, measuring the chiller
performance to then re-measure the chiller performance following upgrades or
after length of service operation
STANDARD 184P BETA TEST SEPTEMBER 2016 Prior to publishing the committee wanted to “walk
through” the process to test the viability of the
Standard protocols.
A site was identified that measured Chiller Plant
Performance through the principles of Guideline 22.
The committee brought field testing tools by one of the
manufacturers on the committee.
On the date of the testing field metering was installed
and trended in parallel with the facilities installed
metering.
As the Standard is for an individual chiller a single
chiller (800 Ton) was operated in the Primary variable
flow plant design.
STANDARD 184P BETA TEST SEPTEMBER 2016
To complete the test two days were required, 1 day to discuss protocols as identified in the STD with an owner/Testing Authority/Manufacturer mock meeting. The 2nd full day included set up of instrumentation as well as testing set up to measure the chiller performance at various load points previously established where operation could be maintained without compromise to connected facilities.
The process determined there are benefits and detriments to utilizing certain types of metering and where the metering is installed.
Proved the viability of the uncertainty analysis in the overall impact of the testing protocols.
Ultimately both Guideline 22 and STD-184P provided similar results
