Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions

In the School SettingIn the School Setting

What are Universal What are Universal Precautions?Precautions?

Steps everyone needs to take in order to Steps everyone needs to take in order to reduce their risk of infection from:reduce their risk of infection from:

Blood Borne Pathogens Blood Borne Pathogens (Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV) (Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV)

Infectious Organisms that cause illnessInfectious Organisms that cause illness

Exposure occurs through contact Exposure occurs through contact with infected body fluidswith infected body fluids

These Body Fluids Include:These Body Fluids Include:

BloodBloodVomitVomitSalivaSalivaStool (feces)Stool (feces)UrineUrineDrainage from nose Drainage from nose

or sinusesor sinuses

Drainage from cuts, Drainage from cuts, scrapes, wounds or scrapes, wounds or soressoresSecretions from Secretions from mucous membranesmucous membranesSputum (mucus from Sputum (mucus from lungs)lungs)Vaginal secretionsVaginal secretionsSemenSemen

Protect Yourself…Protect Yourself…

UniversallyUniversally, treat , treat every body fluid as every body fluid as if it were infected.if it were infected.

PrecautionPrecaution – Use – Use foresight and plan foresight and plan ahead to avoid ahead to avoid exposure exposure

Universal Precaution StepsUniversal Precaution Steps

Gloves (Personal Protective Gloves (Personal Protective Equipment) Equipment) DecontaminationDecontaminationHand WashingHand WashingWaste DisposalWaste Disposal

Step 1: Gloves...Step 1: Gloves...AlwaysAlways wear gloves when … wear gloves when …

Direct contact with body fluids is anticipated Direct contact with body fluids is anticipated (nosebleeds, bleeding abrasions, etc.)(nosebleeds, bleeding abrasions, etc.)

Handling clothes soiled by urine, feces, vomit or bloodHandling clothes soiled by urine, feces, vomit or blood

Diapering childrenDiapering children

Step 1 …Gloves…Step 1 …Gloves…

One time use.One time use.If gloves not immediately available, use If gloves not immediately available, use barrier such as paper towels.barrier such as paper towels.When removing, peel off hands and roll When removing, peel off hands and roll glove outside in. glove outside in. Discard gloves in lined trash container.Discard gloves in lined trash container.

Wash hands after removing gloves.Wash hands after removing gloves.

Step 2: DecontaminationStep 2: DecontaminationArea must be cleaned with bleach solution (10:1)Area must be cleaned with bleach solution (10:1)

Contact custodian for clean-up of blood or body Contact custodian for clean-up of blood or body fluid “spills”.fluid “spills”.

Discard gloves and any contaminated materials Discard gloves and any contaminated materials in a lined trash container.in a lined trash container.

Wash Hands.Wash Hands.

Step 3:Step 3: HandwashingHandwashing

The The MOST IMPORTANT STEPMOST IMPORTANT STEP in Preventing in Preventing the spread of disease!the spread of disease!

Use liquid soap and warm water.Use liquid soap and warm water.

Wash vigorously for 10 – 15 seconds.Wash vigorously for 10 – 15 seconds.

Rinse under warm running water.Rinse under warm running water.

Turn off faucet with paper towel.Turn off faucet with paper towel.

Step 4: Waste DisposalStep 4: Waste Disposal

Bag and tieBag and tiePlace in second bag and tie again (double Place in second bag and tie again (double bag technique)bag technique)

Place all sharps (used needles) in sharps Place all sharps (used needles) in sharps container.container.

Wash hands after removing Wash hands after removing gloves. gloves.

Biosafety Level 1 Biosafety Level 1 Standard Microbiological PracticesStandard Microbiological Practices

2.3

Biosafety Level 1 Biosafety Level 1 Standard Microbiological PracticesStandard Microbiological Practices

Restrict or limit Restrict or limit access when workingaccess when working

Prohibit eating, Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking drinking and smoking in the laboratoryin the laboratory

2.3

Biosafety Level 1Biosafety Level 1Standard PracticesStandard Practices

Wash handsWash hands

Minimize splashes and aerosolsMinimize splashes and aerosols

Decontaminate work surfaces dailyDecontaminate work surfaces daily

Decontaminate wastesDecontaminate wastes

Protective clothing: Lab coat, Gloves, GogglesProtective clothing: Lab coat, Gloves, Goggles

Biosafety Level 1Biosafety Level 1Microorganisms that are suitable for work Microorganisms that are suitable for work involving well characterized agents not involving well characterized agents not known to cause disease in healthy adult known to cause disease in healthy adult humans and of minimal potential hazard to humans and of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment.laboratory personnel and the environment.

Examples:Examples:1.1. Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis2.2. Naegleria gruberiNaegleria gruberi3.3. E. coliE. coli

DecontaminationDecontaminationSterilizationSterilizationDisinfectionDisinfection

DecontaminationDecontaminationDefinitionDefinition

SterilizationSterilizationThe use of a physical or chemical The use of a physical or chemical

procedure to destroy all microbial life, procedure to destroy all microbial life, including large numbers of highly including large numbers of highly resistant bacterial spores.resistant bacterial spores.

DisinfectionDisinfectionThe use of a physical or chemical The use of a physical or chemical

procedure to virtually eliminate all procedure to virtually eliminate all recognized pathogenic microorganisms recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not all microbial forms (bacterial but not all microbial forms (bacterial endospores) on inanimate objects.endospores) on inanimate objects.

DisinfectionDisinfectionDefinitionDefinition

DecontaminationDecontaminationMethodsMethods

HeatHeatChemical Chemical RadiationRadiation

TypesTypes– Moist – steamMoist – steam– DryDry– IncinerationIncineration

This is the most effective method of This is the most effective method of sterilizationsterilization

DecontaminationDecontaminationHeatHeat

TypesTypes– Liquids, i.e. chlorox, Liquids, i.e. chlorox,

hydrogen peroxidehydrogen peroxide– Gases, i.e. ethylene Gases, i.e. ethylene

oxideoxide

DecontaminationDecontaminationChemicalChemical

General Lab Use - General Lab Use - Hypochlorite Hypochlorite SolutionsSolutions– Large Spills/Large Organic LoadLarge Spills/Large Organic Load

undiluted from bottleundiluted from bottle– Small Spills/Virus InactivationSmall Spills/Virus Inactivation

10% - 1:910% - 1:9– General Surface DisinfectionGeneral Surface Disinfection

1% - 1:991% - 1:99

DecontaminationDecontaminationChemicalChemical