Universal manager

The Universal Manager

Universal

widespread Pervasive all encompassing

total Whole Integral

complete absolute utter thorough

unanimous undisputed acknowledged unquestionable

Arrangement of this Presentation

[“Value” is the driving force ]

Education (‘Educare’)

Manager (‘Human Values’)

Business (‘Value’ based)

IIA Code of Ethics

Value based Education

* SECULAR

EDUCATION

Collection of facts & knowledge

Earning degree for livelihood

Getting & forgetting

Establish ‘rights’

Not visible

# ‘ EDUCARE’ –

TRUE EDUCATION

Deep understanding & assimilation of knowledge

Life

Giving & forgiving

Discharge responsibility to society

Self confidence

Learn self-sacrifice

Self discovery

Spiritual uplift

EDUCATION EDUCARE

Taste less

water Sugar

(Divinity)

TUMBLER

(Heart)

Stirring

Process

(Enquiry)

Spoon

(Intelligence)

Sweetened Water

(all pervasive divinity)

(Unity of all creation)

(This recognition of Unity in multiplicity is the ultimate goal of education)

TRUE WISDOM

Proceed from

Superficial Knowledge

To

Discrimination Knowledge

General Knowledge

To

To

Changeless Practical Knowledge

(This is ‘WISDOM’)

[where in heart is filled with compassion, becomes

sacred and aspires for the welfare of one and all.]

Value based Manager

Wholesome Personality

Complete Man

Integrated Personality

Son

Citizen

Husband

Manager

ROLES THAT A MAN PLAYS

Universal Manager

M - Mind of Man

A - Awareness of “Atma”

N - Nature of Nation

A - Aspects of Environment

G - Guidelines of Goodness

E - Enquiry of Ethos

R - Role of Rules

“M”

Mind of Man

As distinct from animal mind, devil mind, evil mind

Conglomeration of thoughts induce actions

results are joys & sorrows

What types of thoughts and deeds should man develop?

Human qualities – Truth, love, patience, sacrifice,

compassion etc.

Unity of thoughts / words / deeds

Synchronisation

With these ‘Values’ Without these ‘Values’

Thought

Word Deed

Thought

Word Deed

Awareness of ‘Atma’

Awareness is ‘Atma’ and ‘Atma’ is awareness

One says ‘there is a snake’ - it means he has said it with

‘full’ awareness. There is no doubt whether it is a

snake or a rope.

‘NARAHA’ (man)

NA-RAHA (No destruction) [that which cannot be

destroyed]

( Recognising of the all pervasive ‘Atma’ is awareness)

“A”

3 ASPECTS OF “SELF’ CONCEPT

BODY * What you think you are -> Body Personality MIND * What others think you are -> Individualized Self SOUL * What you really are -> Universal Soul

‘Atma’ Principle

BODY, MIND & SOUL

4

2

1

0

3

BODY MIND (Nearer to BODY- dictated by ‘Senses’)

SOUL

Meeting Point

of Body, Mind

& Soul -Merge

with Paramatma

Tow

ards

Inte

llect

ual T

hin

king

(S

oul S

ear

chin

g)

MIND - (nearer to SOUL -Controlled by ‘Intellect’)

1 2 3 4

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“N”

Nature of Nations

Each country has its own nature

Nature of Nation should be reflected in the Business

relationship

Speak truth, follow the path of ‘Dharma’

(Righteousness), live with integrity & morality

From where can we get this kind of nature?

M..A..N. (combination of Mind, Atma & Body)

“E”

Aspects of Environment

Environment concerning man (Political, Spiritual or

Physical)

Environment related to Business and its activities

Environment suited to man and which fosters human

nature - ie. good company. (Absence of this, man will

become an animal / demon)

“G”

Guidelines of Goodness

Pure feelings should come from our hearts as guidelines

(ie. conscience)

“Conscience” is God. (Atma) - ‘SWABHAVA’ (Natural

Feeling)-- ‘SWA’ - means Atma .

Enquiry into origin of ‘Conscience’ leads to

‘consciousness’ (conscience is with in oneself while

consciousness is everywhere)

Whatever feelings we get, if we discriminate between

good & bad, right & wrong and then follow it that itself

becomes goodness.

Human Values Watch Your Essence & Nature

of Human Beings

(sheaths) Truth

(Satya)

Righteousness

(Dharma)

Peace

(Shanti)

Love

(Prema)

Non-Violation

(Ahimsa)

Word

Act

Thought

Character

Heart

Intellect

(Sense of discrimination)

Physical (Body)

Psychic

(Energy / Breath)

Spiritual

(Divine ego)

Emotion (Mind)

“E”

Enquiry of Ethos

Ethos - has come from ‘ITIHASA’ (History)

History of those noble men - who followed morality &

truth without giving up integrity

Chatrapati Shivaji - did not have any want - financial,

physical, spiritual why did he follow ‘Samartha’

Ramadoss ?

By following people of integrity & ideal, their qualities

are reflected in our lives.

“R”

Roles of Rules

Without violating, changing, manipulating or creating

any conflicts in conscience, rules should be followed

Recognise the course for any change in environment (If

we change quality of materials, market changes)

Who is an “UNIVERSAL MANAGER” ?

Person who understands the essence of these seven

principles becomes an “Universal Manager”

FOUNDATION

Enquiry—Practice---Experience

LET’S SEE

WHAT THE GREAT TAMIL POET

THIRUVALLUVAR

HAS SAID ABOUT

THE QUALITIES OF A MANAGER

MANAGERS SHOULD RESPECT THE LEADERSHIP

HAVE HIGH / EXCELLENT THINKING

BE A GOOD MINISTER OR ADVISER

BE EFFECTIVE IN EXECUTING THE PLAN

HAVE PERSEVERANCE (STEADFASTNESS OF

PURPOSE)

FINISH THE TASK UNDERTAKEN

BE GOOD AT DELEGATING (ACT OF ENTRUSTING

POWER)

Managers’ quality of “respecting” the leadership

இளையர் இனமுளையர்என்றுஇகழார் நின்ைஒைியயா டு ஓழுகப்படும் மன்னளைச் யேர்ந்துஓழுகல்

ேிலர் எம்ளமக்காட்டிலும்இளையர்என்றும் எமக்குஇன்னமுளையிளனஉளையரைன்றும்அவமதியாது அவைதுநிளலக்குப் ரபாருந்தஒழுகயவண்டும்

“The follower should behave and act in such a way that no

disrespect is shown to the ‘leader’, because he is younger or

he is related”

Managers’ quality of “respecting” the leadership

“Doing things which are not within one’s authority because

the leader is a close friend / associate will bring only bad and

worthless results”

Manager should have “high” thinking

Always one should think “high”. Even if he is not able to

achieve this excellence, the ‘very thought’ will be considered

equivalent to the achievement one could have got by putting

all his efforts.

Manager should be a good “minister”

-«¨ÁîÍ

Definition of a ‘minister’ or an ‘adviser’:

“One who analyses the work well, does the same with an aim to

complete it and also when in doubt, has boldness in talking”.

Manager’s ability to execute the plan

“It is easy for a person to tell in an orderly manner what he

will do and how he will do. But it is difficult for everybody to

carry out the same in that order”.

“Perseverance” – an important quality for the Manager

“Even if one’s endeavour did not yield the desired results due

to some destiny, the strain & stress put in by him in that effort

will certainly pay him back. That will not go waste.”

Managers ability to finish the task that he has undertaken

“Having started the work, seeing that through until the end is

considered braveness. If one quits in the middle, it will bring

unhappiness.”

Manager’s delegating ability

“After analysing well that “this person can only complete this

job in this manner” and also after making sure that all these

‘three’ elements coexist , then the work should be entrusted to

that person.”


“If one analyses and decides that ‘he’ is the right person who

could do his job, then that person (who decides to entrust the

work) should make (help) the other person raise to that

perfection.”


“It is wise to leave the work to that person who has these four

qualities viz., love, knowledge, desirelessness, and

unperturbed /unagitated mental attitude.”


“It is not appropriate to entrust a job to a person because he is

a ‘lovable’ person, but he should be one who is capable of

withstanding all odds and also understanding as to how to go

about doing that job.”

Value based

Business / Management

Value based Business

The life breaths of business

The Human element

Attitude based costing (ABC)

Business - Process reengineering (BPR)

(Self reform before business reform)

‘Creative’ market

International Marketing

(Avoid ‘shady’ deeds)

Total Quality Management

(Mental quality before material quality)

‘Attitude’ based Costing

Manufacturers should not adopt questionable means in the

manufacturing process to enhance profit.

It is not proper to sacrifice consumer interests for the sake of

profit maximisation

Cost should be reduced without compromising on quality

Business should be based on the principle of fair exchange

Part with fair amount and get worthy product

[ If a devotee offers an unconditional / pure and

steady love, “God” will also bestow full

grace]

Business Process Re-engineering

(“Self reform” before business reform)

It is not possible to reform anything without first

reforming one’s own self

‘Veda’ is the source of business, education,

employment, cultivation etc.

‘Creative’ Marketing

“Create” Market for products / services which are

not in existence so far

‘Indigenisation efforts’ should be taken

‘Human element’ predominant in creative marketing

What is a ‘Market’?

‘Market’ is one which provides to the

customers all their requirements.

Man (Customer) needs air for survival and

wherever he goes it is made available.

The Almighty God (Business owner) who is

‘omnipresent’ arranges for it.

‘International Marketing’

Foreign exchange transactions will have to be

managed with a great deal of prudence

Shady deals will have to be shunned at all costs and in all

circumstances.

Intermediaries (middle men) change the complexion

of marketing by questionable practices. Their influence

should be reduced.

‘Total Quality Management’

Give importance to ‘mental’ quality besides

material quality

Mental quality ensures material quality as everything

around is the reflection of the mind

Manager should not confine himself to air-

conditioned office. He should cultivate the art of

managing by walking around (MBWA)

Manager should internalise the formula: “Be good,

Do good & Tell good.”

Managers should have compassion and forgiveness

is to be treated as a

where in the entire work force

by means of sincere work

offers worship to

TEMPLE

GOD

A Business Organistion

‘Learn from the “The Limited Company” called ‘MAN’

‘MAN’ is a Limited Company

(In the body, there is a limit for everything)

‘Buddhi’ (Intellect) is the Managing Director

‘Mind’ is the Manager

They ‘communicate’ well with every part of the body

(ie. proper understanding)

Any disequilibrium in the balancing act of body, life

will be thrown out of gear. (Cycling, Walking,

Speaking etc)

‘Learn from the “The Limited Company” called ‘MAN’

Workers are like organs of a body & the proprietor,the heart

If there is no heart, the organs cannot function

Link between heart & organs is the blood

Blood passes through the lungs (Managers) & finally to the

heart (proprietor)

Lack of co-ordination leads to numbness in

the body (Organisation)

ON BUSINESS ETHICS

“The fundamental principle of economic

activity

is that no man you transact with will

lose,

then you shall not”

“ARTHASASTRA”

(In business, if one safeguards others’ ‘goods’ as his own goods

and conducts his business, then this will be considered as a

good business.)

‘Business & Ethics’

Develop & foster purity of heart -

Daiva Preethi’ (Love for God) &

‘Paapa bheeti’ (Fear of sin)

Business men, Lawyers, Doctors’ Judges,

Administrators, Politicians & Teachers

[should conduct themselves according to the code]

‘Work Ethics’ - Duty to God

(Need for understanding Indian Culture & values and

integrating them in the study of management)

Culture:

Anything that is processed is called cultured. Process

by which you transform an object from raw form to a

particular form, which is useful & has a value

Balanced Business:

Entire life is based on balance. Foster and develop this

balance properly

Value based guiding principles of Management

Practice ‘oneness’ while working - Regard work as

Divine - then work will be transformed into worship

‘Information’ should lead to ‘transformation’

Practice everything you expect others to implement in

their work

Past is past, future is not certain, present is not ordinary

present but ‘omnipresent’, use it well. (Past & Future

are akin to a ‘tree’ and present is to a ‘seed’)

Essence of all values is ‘love’. Love everybody

Character is very important for managerial excellence.

‘Knowledge - Skills - Balance’

Transform “Knowledge” into “Skill”

When there is a proper balance, our vision

turns inward. (Misused / wrongly used

knowledge means ‘killing’ the knowledge and

causing imbalance)

Our Values and Beliefs

• Adhere to ethical norms in all dealings with

shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers,

financial institutions and government.

• Provide value for money to customers through quality

products and services.

• Treat our people with respect and concern; provide

opportunities to learn, contribute and advance;

recognise and reward initiatives; innovativeness and

creativity.

Maintain

- An organisational climate conducive to trust, open

communication and team spirit.

- A style of operations befitting our size, but

reflecting moderation and humility.

• Manage environment effectively for harnessing

opportunities.

• Discharge responsibilities to various sections of

society and preserve environment.

• Grow in an accelerated manner, consistent with

values and beliefs, by continuous organisation

renewal.

PERSPECTIVE ON

ETHICS

IIA CODE OF ETHICS

[A document that is heavily tested.]

• These ethical obligations are important not

only to internal auditors but also to all

professionals both personally and

professionally.

• Objectivity, integrity, confidential and

disinterested use and protection of

information and competence.

‘Perspective on Ethics’ 1. Definitions

Business ethics - an organisation’s policies and

standards established to assure certain kinds of

behavior by its members

Individual ethics - moral principles and standards of

conduct adhered to by an individual

2. Areas of Concern Regarding Business Ethics

General business understanding of ethical issues

Compliance with laws

Conflicts of interest

‘Perspective on Ethics’

Entertainment and gift expenses

Relations with customers and suppliers (should gifts

or kickbacks be given or accepted?)

Social responsibilities

3. Factors that may lead to unethical behavior

In any normal population, some people have less than

desirable levels of ethics. If these people hold

leadership positions, they may adversely influence

subordinates.


Organisational factors

Pressures to improve short-run performance may

promote unethical behavior

Emphasis on strict adherence to chain of

command

authority may provide excuses for ignoring ethics

when following orders.

Informal work-group loyalties may subvert ethical

behavior

Committee decision processes may make it

possible

to abstain from or avoid ethical obligations


External factors

Pressure of competition may compromise ethics in

the interest of survival.

Wrongful behavior of others may force a

compromise of ethics

Definitions of ethical behavior may vary from one

culture to another. For instance, bribes to overseas

officials or buyers may be consistent with some

countries’ customary business practices

‘A. Perspective on Ethics’

General Guides to Ethics

Golden Rule - Do unto others as you would have them do

unto you.

Maximise good - Act to provide the greatest good for the

greatest number

Fairness - Act in ways that are fair or just to all

concerned.

Maximise long-run outcomes - Act to provide the best

long-range benefits to society and its resources

General respect - Act to respect the planet and the rights

of

others because business decisions have widespread effects


Simplified Criteria for Evaluating Ethical Behavior

“Would this behavior be acceptable if people I respect

knew I was doing this?”

“what are the consequences of this behavior for myself,

other employees, customers, society?”

Ethics are individual and personal, influenced by

Life experiences (rewards for doing right, punishment for

wrong)

Friendship groups (professional associations, informal

groups)

Organisational pressures (responsibilities to superiors and

the organisation)


Codes of Ethical Conduct

An organisation’s code of ethical conduct is the

established general value system the organistion wishes

to apply to its members’ activities by

Communicating organistional purposes and beliefs

Establishing uniform ethical guidelines for

members

[Including guidance on behavior for members in

making decisions]

Because laws and specific rules cannot cover all

situations, organisations benefit from having an

established ethical code.


The code,

Effectively communicates acceptable values to all members

[including recruits and subcontractors]

Provides a method of policing and disciplining members for

violations,

through formal review panels

through group pressure (informal)

Establishes high standards against which individuals can

measure their own performance

Communicates to those outside the organisation the value

system from which its members must not be asked to

deviate

‘On Ethics’

Ethical dilemma of a Manager- Law will be silent!

Eg:

Take a favour from one’s dealer to get your child

admitted to a good school?

Use your office service provider to set up your home

computer / cooling system?

Are you making off with company funds, if your

travel agent can exchange your entitlement to a

business class ticket in such a way that you and your

spouse can travel together by paying economy fare?

‘On Ethics’...

if the decision does not entail a monetary loss for the

organisation, then is it okay?

Company may not lose money, but a bad precedent is set!

The integrity of records has been tampered with. (It is the

first wrong step that is most critical on most occasions)

Each organisation must find adequate answers &

develop common policies

Creating a definite cultural norms which can be

translatable in practice. (culture is what one does in

the open)

‘On Ethics’...

Rules for exceptions:

Seeking exception must not be made easy

Sanction at a very high level

Criterion of transparency

Exceptions should not break the law of the land

No exceptions should tamper with the integrity of records

[Thus achieve : Uniformity & Fairness]

Business ethics works best when you are

happy, comfortable & content to be in a fish

bowl.

‘Manager to take the lead!

opportunities for exercising leadership!

Eg: trivial, but demonstrative exercise in leadership

has quite an impact down the line

Misuse of office stationery

Office punctuality

personal calls on the company paid phones

Bigger you are the harder you fall!

(those in high levels of market respectability should be

more clearer than those around them. Transparency

& integrity)

‘On Ethics’...

Rule of thumb

imagine what it would be like if the act you are

contemplating were to appear as ‘headline news in

the morning papers!

Would you be able to face the work? Your

friends? Your subordinates? Your colleagues?

Your family?

If you can, then go ahead, if you cannot

stop right there!

THANK YOU

This presentation is a service in “Love”. I

humbly surrender “ THE fruits of this

endeavour” to ‘Sri Sathya Sai’ who is the true

author of all these teachings and the driving

force in my life.

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Universal manager