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United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service
ISSN: 1949-162X
Small Grains 2020 Summary September 2020
Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) 3 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
All wheat production totaled 1.83 billion bushels in 2020, down 5 percent from the revised 2019 total of 1.93 billion
bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 36.7 million acres, down 2 percent from the previous year. The United States
yield was estimated at 49.7 bushels per acre, down 2.0 bushels from the previous year. The levels of production and
changes from 2019 by type were: winter wheat, 1.17 billion bushels, down 11 percent; other spring wheat,
586 million bushels, up 4 percent; and Durum wheat, 68.8 million bushels, up 28 percent.
Oat production was estimated at 65.4 million bushels, up 23 percent from 2019. Yield was estimated at 65.1 bushels per
acre, up 0.8 bushel from the previous year. Harvested area, at 1.00 million acres, was 21 percent above last year.
Barley production was estimated at 165 million bushels, down 4 percent from the revised 2019 total of 172 million
bushels. The average yield, at 77.5 bushels per acre, was down 0.2 bushel from the previous year. Producers seeded
2.62 million acres in 2020, down 5 percent from 2019. Harvested area, at 2.13 million acres, was down 4 percent from
2019.
This report was approved on September 30, 2020.
Secretary of Agriculture
Designate
Robert Johansson
Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Joseph L. Parsons
4 Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Contents
Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020 .......................................... 6
Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020 ..................................... 8
All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020 .............................. 10
Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and
United States: 2018-2020 ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and
United States: 2018-2020 ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and
United States: 2018-2020 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2018-2020 ...................................................................................................... 15
Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class – States: 2019 and 2020 ............................................................................ 16
Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class – States: 2019 and 2020 .................................. 17
Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot – Selected States: 2016-2020 ................................................................................... 18
Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020 ........................................ 19
Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic
Units – United States: 2019-2020 ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units –
United States: 2019-2020 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20
Crop Comments .................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Statistical Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................... 25
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................. 26
Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) 5 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
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6 Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020
State Area planted 1 Area harvested
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Alabama 2 .............................. Arkansas ................................ California ............................... Colorado 2 .............................. Georgia .................................. Idaho ...................................... Illinois ..................................... Iowa ....................................... Kansas ................................... Maine ..................................... Michigan ................................ Minnesota .............................. Missouri ................................. Montana ................................. Nebraska ............................... New York ............................... North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ....................................... Oklahoma .............................. Oregon ................................... Pennsylvania ......................... South Carolina 2 ..................... South Dakota ......................... Texas ..................................... Washington 2 .......................... Wisconsin .............................. Wyoming 2 ............................. United States .........................
40 10
110 95 60 40 40
135 120 21
75
180 35 70
125 69 30
300 55 50
20 65 19
290 450 17
200 25
2,746
(NA) 5
90 (NA)
70 60 70
215 120 22
70
240 50 75
120 56 22
355 75
100
20 85
(NA) 245 400
(NA) 265
(NA)
2,830
(NA) 8
80 (NA)
80 50 60
170 140 26
70
255 35 70
135 52 37
365 55
110
20 86
(NA) 310 470
(NA) 300
(NA)
2,984
15 7 6 7
15 10 25 33 18 19
50
105 16 23 22 43 11
105 30 10
5
35 7
95 50 4
90 9
865
(NA) 3 2
(NA) 15 12 10 69 18 19
25
100 6
26 18 39 7
115 25 25
9
50 (NA)
75 40
(NA) 120
(NA)
828
(NA) 5 4
(NA) 20 14 15 73 16 22
30
160 10 38 29 32 12
105 15 11
7
55 (NA) 140 60
(NA) 131
(NA)
1,004
See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) 7 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020 (continued)
State Yield Production
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)
Alabama 2 .............................. Arkansas ............................... California ............................... Colorado 2 .............................. Georgia ................................. Idaho ..................................... Illinois .................................... Iowa ....................................... Kansas .................................. Maine .................................... Michigan ................................ Minnesota .............................. Missouri ................................. Montana ................................ Nebraska ............................... New York ............................... North Carolina ....................... North Dakota ......................... Ohio ....................................... Oklahoma .............................. Oregon .................................. Pennsylvania ......................... South Carolina 2 ..................... South Dakota ......................... Texas .................................... Washington 2 ......................... Wisconsin .............................. Wyoming 2 ............................. United States .........................
63.0 75.0 70.0 50.0 71.0 84.0 83.0 63.0 49.0 67.0
63.0 59.0 45.0 43.0 69.0 54.0 66.0 82.0 65.0 48.0
99.0 46.0 62.0 82.0 50.0 46.0 61.0 57.0
64.9
(NA) 70.0 60.0 (NA) 55.0 92.0 65.0 58.0 64.0 76.0
57.0 62.0 47.0 55.0 63.0 60.0 71.0 86.0 46.0 50.0
97.0 53.0 (NA) 82.0 50.0 (NA) 54.0 (NA)
64.3
(NA) 64.0 75.0 (NA) 54.0
102.0 58.0 78.0 52.0 63.0
55.0 66.0 43.0 45.0 63.0 53.0 67.0 78.0 60.0 45.0
100.0 50.0 (NA) 77.0 45.0 (NA) 63.0 (NA)
65.1
945 525 420 350
1,065 840
2,075 2,079
882 1,273
3,150 6,195
720 989
1,518 2,322
726 8,610 1,950
480
495 1,610
434 7,790 2,500
184 5,490
513
56,130
(NA) 210 120
(NA) 825
1,104 650
4,002 1,152 1,444
1,425 6,200
282 1,430 1,134 2,340
497 9,890 1,150 1,250
873
2,650 (NA)
6,150 2,000 (NA)
6,480 (NA)
53,258
(NA) 320 300
(NA) 1,080 1,428
870 5,694
832 1,386
1,650
10,560 430
1,710 1,827 1,696
804 8,190
900 495
700
2,750 (NA)
10,780 2,700 (NA)
8,253 (NA)
65,355
(NA) Not available. 1 Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2 Estimates discontinued in 2019.
8 Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020
State Area planted 1 Area harvested
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Alaska ................................. Arizona ............................... California ............................ Colorado ............................. Delaware ............................ Idaho ................................... Kansas ................................ Maine .................................. Maryland ............................. Michigan ............................. Minnesota ........................... Montana .............................. New York ............................ North Carolina ..................... North Dakota ....................... Oregon ................................ Pennsylvania ...................... South Dakota ...................... Utah .................................... Virginia ................................ Washington ......................... Wisconsin ........................... Wyoming ............................. United States ......................
5 14 65 60 25
550 17 17 45 20
80
790 10 11
470 43 45 48 21 30
85 25 72
2,548
6 18 65 54 21
550 14 15 32 11
70
950 10 11
580 45 35 37 18 30
95 24 81
2,772
6 12 55 53 21
530 16 15 34 11
70
890 9
14 530 37 45 35 17 31
90 26 74
2,621
4 11 26 53 14
530 6
16 24 5
67 600
8 8
385 26 33 13 16 9
67 10 51
1,982
5 15 47 52 14
530 4
14 17 8
55 760
4 6
445 35 25 9
11 7
84 8
66
2,221
5 8
31 45 15
500 6
14 21 8
50 725
5 8
460 25 30 14 10 7
71 13 62
2,133
See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) 9 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020 (continued)
State Yield Production
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)
Alaska ................................. Arizona ................................ California ............................. Colorado .............................. Delaware ............................. Idaho ................................... Kansas ................................ Maine .................................. Maryland .............................. Michigan .............................. Minnesota ............................ Montana .............................. New York ............................. North Carolina ..................... North Dakota ....................... Oregon ................................ Pennsylvania ....................... South Dakota ....................... Utah ..................................... Virginia ................................ Washington ......................... Wisconsin ............................ Wyoming ............................. United States .......................
43.0 100.0 69.0
145.0 78.0
101.0 31.0 73.0 70.0 43.0
76.0 56.0 58.0 80.0 74.0 53.0 63.0 55.0 86.0 70.0
73.0 45.0
100.0
77.5
38.0 126.0 66.0
138.0 80.0
104.0 33.0 82.0 85.0 44.0
67.0 59.0 52.0 66.0 72.0 78.0 70.0 43.0 93.0 65.0
70.0 46.0
107.0
77.7
43.0 122.0 47.0
145.0 84.0
110.0 51.0 54.0 73.0 56.0
47.0 63.0 60.0 77.0 63.0 72.0 76.0 44.0 85.0 63.0
90.0 46.0 96.0
77.5
172 1,100 1,794 7,685 1,092
53,530 186
1,168 1,680
215
5,092 33,600
464 640
28,490 1,378 2,079
715 1,376
630
4,891 450
5,100
153,527
190 1,890 3,102 7,176 1,120
55,120 132
1,148 1,445
352
3,685 44,840
208 396
32,040 2,730 1,750
387 1,023
455
5,880 368
7,062
172,499
215 976
1,457 6,525 1,260
55,000 306 756
1,533 448
2,350
45,675 300 616
28,980 1,800 2,280
616 850 441
6,390
598 5,952
165,324
1 Includes area planted in preceding fall.
10 Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020
State Area planted 1 Area harvested
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Alabama ................................ Arizona .................................. Arkansas ................................ California ............................... Colorado ................................ Delaware ............................... Florida 2 ................................. Georgia .................................. Idaho ...................................... Illinois ..................................... Indiana ................................... Iowa 2 ..................................... Kansas ................................... Kentucky ................................ Louisiana 2 ............................. Maryland ................................ Michigan ................................ Minnesota .............................. Mississippi ............................. Missouri ................................. Montana ................................. Nebraska ............................... Nevada 2 ................................ New Jersey ............................ New Mexico ........................... New York ............................... North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ....................................... Oklahoma .............................. Oregon ................................... Pennsylvania ......................... South Carolina ....................... South Dakota ......................... Tennessee ............................. Texas ..................................... Utah ....................................... Virginia ................................... Washington ............................ West Virginia 2 ....................... Wisconsin .............................. Wyoming ................................ United States .........................
160 96
175 425
2,260 75 15
200 1,191
600
310 16
7,700 450 15
360 510
1,621 55
740
5,390 1,100
23 18
320 110 460
7,735 490
4,400
800 195 80
1,883 380
4,500 130 230
2,220 7
240 130
47,815
130 36
110 420
2,150 60
(NA) 150
1,195 650
330
(NA) 7,100
460 (NA) 345 550
1,450 45
550
5,450 1,070 (NA)
19 365 90
290 7,505
500 4,200
740 180 70
1,500 280
4,600 125 180
2,270 (NA) 195 125
45,485
135 44
145 385
1,900 75
(NA) 190
1,240 570
300
(NA) 6,600
510 (NA) 355 490
1,430 40
480
5,540 900
(NA) 25
330 150 450
6,650 530
4,250
740 235 110
1,400 300
4,900 110 220
2,340 (NA) 160 120
44,349
110 77 95
147 1,954
45 10 70
1,136 560
260
6 7,300
300 10
200 470
1,575 30
520
5,165 1,010
8 15
105 95
370 7,635
450 2,500
770 145 65
1,628 285
1,750 103 155
2,165 3
200 115
39,612
85 35 50
122 2,000
50 (NA)
50 1,125
550
260 (NA)
6,700 330
(NA) 165 490
1,400 21
390
5,135 970
(NA) 14
110 66
225 6,630
385 2,750
730 140 45
1,360 215
2,100 116 105
2,215 (NA) 150 110
37,394
70 43 75
100 1,520
55 (NA)
85 1,164
520
250 (NA)
6,250 340
(NA) 150 450
1,360 20
370
5,455 830
(NA) 18
115 120 350
6,568 490
2,600
725 190 95
1,360 230
2,050 98
130 2,285 (NA) 125 90
36,746
See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) 11 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020 (continued)
State Yield Production
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)
Alabama ................................ Arizona .................................. Arkansas ............................... California ............................... Colorado ................................ Delaware ............................... Florida 2 ................................. Georgia ................................. Idaho ..................................... Illinois .................................... Indiana .................................. Iowa 2 .................................... Kansas .................................. Kentucky ................................ Louisiana 2 ............................. Maryland ................................ Michigan ................................ Minnesota .............................. Mississippi ............................. Missouri ................................. Montana ................................ Nebraska ............................... Nevada 2 ................................ New Jersey ............................ New Mexico ........................... New York ............................... North Carolina ....................... North Dakota ......................... Ohio ....................................... Oklahoma .............................. Oregon .................................. Pennsylvania ......................... South Carolina ....................... South Dakota ......................... Tennessee ............................. Texas .................................... Utah ....................................... Virginia .................................. Washington ........................... West Virginia 2 ....................... Wisconsin .............................. Wyoming ............................... United States .........................
72.0 102.6 55.0 81.5 36.1 71.0 36.0 54.0 91.9 66.0
71.0 58.0 38.0 66.0 65.0 63.0 76.0 59.0 49.0 59.0
38.3 49.0
112.5 62.0 15.0 69.0 57.0 47.6 75.0 28.0
67.0 65.0 54.0 44.4 65.0 32.0 52.0 60.0 70.8 46.0 71.0 34.0
47.6
72.0 104.0 52.0 59.4 49.0 72.0 (NA) 56.0 87.8 67.0
62.0 (NA) 52.0 76.0 (NA) 75.0 71.0 57.0 47.0 63.0
42.4 57.0 (NA) 66.0 30.0 63.0 56.0 48.4 56.0 40.0
68.0 73.0 48.0 48.1 67.0 34.0 54.0 62.0 64.7 (NA) 64.0 43.0
51.7
72.0 99.0 55.0 77.4 27.0 73.0 (NA) 55.0 96.7 68.0
70.0 (NA) 45.0 63.0 (NA) 73.0 75.0 53.0 48.0 62.0
41.7 41.0 (NA) 67.0 28.0 66.0 60.0 47.6 71.0 40.0
64.0 71.0 51.0 51.9 59.0 30.0 53.0 60.0 72.5 (NA) 69.0 26.0
49.7
7,920 7,898 5,225
11,985 70,504 3,195
360 3,780
104,410 36,960
18,460
348 277,400 19,800
650 12,600 35,720 92,930 1,470
30,680
197,630 49,490
900 930
1,575 6,555
21,090 363,483 33,750 70,000
51,590 9,425 3,510
72,294 18,525 56,000 5,356 9,300
153,210 138
14,200 3,910
1,885,156
6,120 3,640 2,600 7,244
98,000 3,600 (NA)
2,800 98,755 36,850
16,120
(NA) 348,400 25,080
(NA) 12,375 34,790 79,800
987 24,570
217,725 55,290
(NA) 924
3,300 4,158
12,600 321,185 21,560
110,000
49,640 10,220 2,160
65,410 14,405 71,400 6,264 6,510
143,205 (NA)
9,600 4,730
1,932,017
5,040 4,257 4,125 7,740
41,040 4,015 (NA)
4,675 112,506 35,360
17,500
(NA) 281,250 21,420
(NA) 10,950 33,750 72,080
960 22,940
227,345 34,030
(NA) 1,206 3,220 7,920
21,000 312,782 34,790
104,000
46,400 13,490 4,845
70,520 13,570 61,500 5,194 7,800
165,635 (NA)
8,625 2,340
1,825,820
(NA) Not available. 1 Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2 Estimates discontinued in 2019.
12 Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020
State Area planted 1 Area harvested
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Alabama ................................ Arizona 2 ................................ Arkansas ................................ California ............................... Colorado ................................ Delaware ............................... Florida 2 ................................. Georgia .................................. Idaho ...................................... Illinois ..................................... Indiana ................................... Iowa 2 ..................................... Kansas ................................... Kentucky ................................ Louisiana 2 ............................. Maryland ................................ Michigan ................................ Minnesota 2 ............................ Mississippi ............................. Missouri ................................. Montana ................................. Nebraska ............................... Nevada 2 ................................ New Jersey ............................ New Mexico ........................... New York ............................... North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ....................................... Oklahoma .............................. Oregon ................................... Pennsylvania ......................... South Carolina ....................... South Dakota ......................... Tennessee ............................. Texas ..................................... Utah ....................................... Virginia ................................... Washington ............................ West Virginia 2 ....................... Wisconsin .............................. Wyoming ................................ United States .........................
160 22
175 380
2,250 75 15
200 720 600
310 16
7,700 450 15
360 510 11 55
740
1,650 1,100
13 18
320 110 460 85
490 4,400
720 195 80
830 380
4,500 120 230
1,700 7
240 130
32,542
130 (NA) 110 390
2,150 60
(NA) 150 730 650
330
(NA) 7,100
460 (NA) 345 550
(NA) 45
550
2,000 1,070 (NA)
19 365 90
290 85
500 4,200
740 180 70
860 280
4,600 125 180
1,750 (NA) 195 125
31,474
135 (NA) 145 355
1,900 75
(NA) 190 720 570
300
(NA) 6,600
510 (NA) 355 490
(NA) 40
480
1,550 900
(NA) 25
330 150 450 40
530 4,250
740 235 110 630 300
4,900 110 220
1,800 (NA) 160 120
30,415
110 4
95 110
1,950 45 10 70
680 560
260
6 7,300
300 10
200 470
5 30
520
1,570 1,010
5 15
105 95
370 70
450 2,500
695 145 65
660 285
1,750 94
155 1,650
3 200 115
24,742
85 (NA)
50 100
2,000 50
(NA) 50
680 550
260
(NA) 6,700
330 (NA) 165 490
(NA) 21
390
1,900 970
(NA) 14
110 66
225 70
385 2,750
730 140 45
770 215
2,100 116 105
1,700 (NA) 150 110
24,592
70 (NA)
75 80
1,520 55
(NA) 85
660 520
250
(NA) 6,250
340 (NA) 150 450
(NA) 20
370
1,490 830
(NA) 18
115 120 350 33
490 2,600
725 190 95
600 230
2,050 98
130 1,750 (NA) 125 90
23,024
See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) 13 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Winter Wheat Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020 (continued)
State Yield Production
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)
Alabama ................................ Arizona 2 ................................ Arkansas ............................... California ............................... Colorado ................................ Delaware ............................... Florida 2 ................................. Georgia ................................. Idaho ..................................... Illinois .................................... Indiana .................................. Iowa 2 .................................... Kansas .................................. Kentucky ................................ Louisiana 2 ............................. Maryland ................................ Michigan ................................ Minnesota 2 ............................ Mississippi ............................. Missouri ................................. Montana ................................ Nebraska ............................... Nevada 2 ................................ New Jersey ............................ New Mexico ........................... New York ............................... North Carolina ....................... North Dakota ......................... Ohio ....................................... Oklahoma .............................. Oregon .................................. Pennsylvania ......................... South Carolina ....................... South Dakota ......................... Tennessee ............................. Texas .................................... Utah ....................................... Virginia .................................. Washington ........................... West Virginia 2 ....................... Wisconsin .............................. Wyoming ............................... United States .........................
72.0 40.0 55.0 77.0 36.0 71.0 36.0 54.0 90.0 66.0
71.0 58.0 38.0 66.0 65.0 63.0 76.0 60.0 49.0 59.0
50.0 49.0
120.0 62.0 15.0 69.0 57.0 43.0 75.0 28.0
67.0 65.0 54.0 48.0 65.0 32.0 52.0 60.0 76.0 46.0 71.0 34.0
47.9
72.0 (NA) 52.0 50.0 49.0 72.0 (NA) 56.0 87.0 67.0
62.0 (NA) 52.0 76.0 (NA) 75.0 71.0 (NA) 47.0 63.0
50.0 57.0 (NA) 66.0 30.0 63.0 56.0 53.0 56.0 40.0
68.0 73.0 48.0 52.0 67.0 34.0 54.0 62.0 70.0 (NA) 64.0 43.0
53.6
72.0 (NA) 55.0 75.0 27.0 73.0 (NA) 55.0
101.0 68.0
70.0 (NA) 45.0 63.0 (NA) 73.0 75.0 (NA) 48.0 62.0
51.0 41.0 (NA) 67.0 28.0 66.0 60.0 49.0 71.0 40.0
64.0 71.0 51.0 58.0 59.0 30.0 53.0 60.0 76.0 (NA) 69.0 26.0
50.9
7,920 160
5,225 8,470
70,200 3,195
360 3,780
61,200 36,960
18,460
348 277,400 19,800
650 12,600 35,720
300 1,470
30,680
78,500 49,490
600 930
1,575 6,555
21,090 3,010
33,750 70,000
46,565 9,425 3,510
31,680 18,525 56,000 4,888 9,300
125,400 138
14,200 3,910
1,183,939
6,120 (NA)
2,600 5,000
98,000 3,600 (NA)
2,800 59,160 36,850
16,120
(NA) 348,400 25,080
(NA) 12,375 34,790
(NA) 987
24,570
95,000 55,290
(NA) 924
3,300 4,158
12,600 3,710
21,560 110,000
49,640 10,220 2,160
40,040 14,405 71,400 6,264 6,510
119,000 (NA)
9,600 4,730
1,316,963
5,040 (NA)
4,125 6,000
41,040 4,015 (NA)
4,675 66,660 35,360
17,500
(NA) 281,250 21,420
(NA) 10,950 33,750
(NA) 960
22,940
75,990 34,030
(NA) 1,206 3,220 7,920
21,000 1,617
34,790 104,000
46,400 13,490 4,845
34,800 13,570 61,500 5,194 7,800
133,000 (NA)
8,625 2,340
1,171,022
(NA) Not available. 1 Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2 Estimates discontinued in 2019.
14 Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020
State Area planted Area harvested
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Colorado 1 ................... Idaho ........................... Minnesota ................... Montana ...................... Nevada 1 ..................... North Dakota ............... Oregon 1 ..................... South Dakota .............. Utah 1 .......................... Washington ................. United States ..............
10 460
1,610 2,900
10 6,550
80 1,050
10 520
13,200
(NA) 460
1,450 2,900 (NA)
6,700 (NA) 640
(NA) 520
12,670
(NA) 510
1,430 3,300 (NA)
5,700 (NA) 770
(NA) 540
12,250
4 445
1,570 2,820
3 6,490
75 965
9 515
12,896
(NA) 440
1,400 2,730 (NA)
5,950 (NA) 590
(NA) 515
11,625
(NA) 495
1,360 3,280 (NA)
5,630 (NA) 760
(NA) 535
12,060
State Yield Production
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)
Colorado 1 ................... Idaho ........................... Minnesota ................... Montana ...................... Nevada 1 ..................... North Dakota ............... Oregon 1 ..................... South Dakota .............. Utah 1 .......................... Washington ................. United States ..............
76.0 95.0 59.0 34.0
100.0 49.0 67.0 42.0 52.0 54.0
48.3
(NA) 89.0 57.0 37.0 (NA) 49.0 (NA) 43.0 (NA) 47.0
48.3
(NA) 91.0 53.0 38.0 (NA) 49.0 (NA) 47.0 (NA) 61.0
48.6
304 42,275 92,630 95,880
300 318,010
5,025 40,530
468 27,810
623,232
(NA) 39,160 79,800
101,010 (NA)
291,550 (NA)
25,370 (NA)
24,205
561,095
(NA) 45,045 72,080
124,640 (NA)
275,870 (NA)
35,720 (NA)
32,635
585,990
(NA) Not available. 1 Estimates discontinued in 2019.
Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) 15 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020
State Area planted Area harvested
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Arizona .............................. California ........................... Idaho ................................. Montana ............................ North Dakota ..................... South Dakota 1 ................... United States .....................
74 45 11
840 1,100
3
2,073
36 30 5
550 720
(NA)
1,341
44 30 10
690 910
(NA)
1,684
73 37 11
775 1,075
3
1,974
35 22 5
505 610
(NA)
1,177
43 20 9
685 905
(NA)
1,662
State Yield Production
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)
Arizona .............................. California ........................... Idaho ................................. Montana ............................ North Dakota ..................... South Dakota 1 ................... United States .....................
106.0 95.0 85.0 30.0 39.5 28.0
39.5
104.0 102.0 87.0 43.0 42.5 (NA)
45.8
99.0 87.0 89.0 39.0 39.0 (NA)
41.4
7,738 3,515
935 23,250 42,463
84
77,985
3,640 2,244
435 21,715 25,925
(NA)
53,959
4,257 1,740
801 26,715 35,295
(NA)
68,808
(NA) Not available. 1 Estimates discontinued in 2019.
Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2018-2020 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data]
Crop 2018 2019 2020
(1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)
Winter Hard red .............................. Soft red ................................ Hard white ........................... Soft white ............................. Spring Hard red .............................. Hard white ........................... Soft white ............................. Durum ................................. Total ....................................
662,249 285,558 19,347
216,785
587,007 13,510 22,715 77,985
1,885,156
844,947 239,771 20,266
211,979
519,929 11,841 29,325 53,959
1,932,017
658,640 266,235 12,179
233,968
530,152 10,687 45,151 68,808
1,825,820
16 Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Wheat Class Percentage Estimates
The following percentages are the basis for the United States wheat production by class estimates each year. These
estimates are based on the latest varietal or class survey data available. These end-of-season percentages will be used
during the 2021 forecast season. However, if an unusual situation significantly distorts a State’s normal distribution, then
updated percentages will be used to forecast the production by class.
Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class – States: 2019 and 2020
State Hard red Soft red Hard white Soft white
2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
Alabama ................................ Arizona 1 ................................ Arkansas ................................ California ............................... Colorado ................................ Delaware ............................... Florida 1 ................................. Georgia .................................. Idaho ...................................... Illinois ..................................... Indiana ................................... Iowa 1 ..................................... Kansas ................................... Kentucky ................................ Louisiana 1 ............................. Maryland ................................ Michigan ................................ Minnesota 1 ............................ Mississippi ............................. Missouri ................................. Montana ................................. Nebraska ............................... Nevada 1 ................................ New Jersey ............................ New Mexico ........................... New York ............................... North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ....................................... Oklahoma .............................. Oregon ................................... Pennsylvania ......................... South Carolina ....................... South Dakota ......................... Tennessee ............................. Texas ..................................... Utah ....................................... Virginia ................................... Washington ............................ West Virginia 1 ....................... Wisconsin .............................. Wyoming ................................
2 (NA)
- 88 94
- (NA)
- 20
-
- (NA)
96 -
(NA) - -
(NA) - 1
100 94
(NA) -
100 6 -
100 -
99
8 - -
100 -
96 74
- 14
(NA) 2
97
- (NA)
- 90 97
- (NA)
- 18
-
- (NA)
96 -
(NA) - -
(NA) - 1
100 96
(NA) -
99 6 -
99 -
99
5 - -
100 -
96 69 1 9
(NA) 3
97
98 (NA) 100
- -
100 (NA) 100
- 100
100
(NA) 1
100 (NA)
90 61
(NA) 100 99
- -
(NA) 100
- 92
100 -
100 1
- 100 100
- 100
4 -
100 -
(NA) 98
-
100 (NA) 100
1 -
100 (NA)
98 -
100
100 (NA)
1 100
(NA) 100 62
(NA) 100 99
- -
(NA) 100
- 92
100 -
100 1
- 100 100
- 100
4 -
99 -
(NA) 97
-
- (NA)
- 7 6 -
(NA) - - -
- (NA)
3 -
(NA) - -
(NA) - -
- 6
(NA) - - - - - - -
- - - - - - 2 - -
(NA) - 3
- (NA)
- 4 3 -
(NA) - 1 -
- (NA)
3 -
(NA) - -
(NA) - -
- 4
(NA) - - - - 1 - -
- - - - - - 3 - -
(NA) - 3
- (NA)
- 5 - -
(NA) -
80 -
- (NA)
- -
(NA) 10 39
(NA) - -
- -
(NA) - - 2 - - - -
92 - - - - -
24 -
86 (NA)
- -
- (NA)
- 5 - -
(NA) 2
81 -
- (NA)
- -
(NA) -
38 (NA)
- -
- -
(NA) - 1 2 - - - -
95 - - - - -
28 -
91 (NA)
- -
- Represents zero. (NA) Not available. 1 Estimates discontinued in 2019.
Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) 17 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class – States: 2019 and 2020
State Hard red Hard white Soft white
2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
Colorado 1 ..................... Idaho ............................ Minnesota ..................... Montana ....................... Nevada 1 ....................... North Dakota ................ Oregon 1 ....................... South Dakota ................ Utah 1 ........................... Washington ..................
(NA) 40
100 100
(NA) 100
(NA) 100
(NA) 27
(NA) 34
100 100
(NA) 100
(NA) 100
(NA) 20
(NA) 29
- -
(NA) -
(NA) -
(NA) 2
(NA) 23
- -
(NA) -
(NA) -
(NA) 1
(NA) 31
- -
(NA) -
(NA) -
(NA) 71
(NA) 43
- -
(NA) -
(NA) -
(NA) 79
- Represents zero. (NA) Not available. 1 Estimates discontinued in 2019.
18 Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Winter Wheat Head Population
The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat estimating States during
2020. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat fields were visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific
counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey.
Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot – Selected States: 2016-2020 State 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
(number) (number) (number) (number) (number)
Colorado July .................................................. August ............................................. Final ................................................. Illinois July .................................................. August ............................................. Final ................................................. Kansas July .................................................. August ............................................. Final ................................................. Missouri July .................................................. August ............................................. Final ................................................. Montana July .................................................. August ............................................. Final ................................................. Nebraska July .................................................. August ............................................. Final ................................................. Ohio July .................................................. August ............................................. Final ................................................. Oklahoma July .................................................. August ............................................. Final ................................................. Texas July .................................................. August ............................................. Final ................................................. Washington July .................................................. August ............................................. Final ................................................. 10 State July .................................................. August ............................................. Final .................................................
43.0 43.6 43.6
57.4 57.3 57.3
54.7 54.7 54.7
53.7 53.7 53.7
54.6 55.2 55.2
60.2 60.3 60.3
58.0 58.0 58.0
41.8 41.8 41.8
34.4 34.4 34.5
36.1 35.3 35.5
48.3 48.4 48.4
43.4 43.2 43.2
56.4 56.4 56.4
44.3 44.6 44.6
53.9 53.9 53.9
44.4 46.2 46.2
52.5 53.3 53.3
58.2 58.2 58.2
35.7 35.7 35.7
26.6 26.8 26.8
34.3 35.8 35.7
41.2 41.7 41.7
40.6 41.0 41.0
60.9 60.9 60.9
37.3 37.3 37.3
53.7 53.7 53.7
44.1 44.8 44.7
50.5 50.4 50.4
70.3 70.3 70.3
32.9 32.4 32.4
30.9 30.9 31.1
41.8 42.3 42.3
40.1 40.1 40.2
49.3 50.8 50.8
48.1 49.2 49.2
46.9 47.2 47.2
56.4 56.4 56.4
45.2 43.5 43.1
53.1 53.7 53.7
52.0 53.0 53.0
38.1 38.1 38.1
34.3 34.3 34.5
34.2 34.3 34.6
44.0 44.1 44.2
43.0 42.7 42.7
52.5 52.4 52.4
45.3 45.4 45.4
52.5 52.5 52.5
37.4 38.8 38.6
45.8 45.7 45.7
64.1 63.9 63.9
38.2 38.3 38.3
32.7 32.7 32.7
37.7 38.3 38.2
42.1 42.3 42.3
Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) 19 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2018-2020
State Area planted 1 Area harvested
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Georgia 2 ............................ Minnesota ........................... North Dakota ...................... Oklahoma ........................... Pennsylvania ...................... Wisconsin ........................... Other States 3 ..................... United States ......................
190 (D) (D) 240 (D) (D)
1,581
2,011
(D) 50 85
260 100 220
1,140
1,855
(D) 45 75
270 175 215
1,175
1,955
15 (D) (D) 50
(D) (D)
208
273
(D) 18 57 55 14 20
146
310
(D) 15 50 52 36 20
157
330
State Yield Production
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)
Georgia 2 ............................ Minnesota ........................... North Dakota ...................... Oklahoma ........................... Pennsylvania ...................... Wisconsin ........................... Other States 3 ..................... United States ......................
26.0 (D) (D)
22.0 (D) (D)
33.4
30.9
(D) 39.0 45.0 27.0 26.0 34.0
33.1
34.3
(D) 38.0 44.0 14.0 52.0 40.0
34.2
34.9
390 (D) (D)
1,100 (D) (D)
6,942
8,432
(D) 702
2,565 1,485
364 680
4,826
10,622
(D) 570
2,200 728
1,872 800
5,362
11,532
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1 Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2 Beginning in 2019, estimates included in Other States. 3 In 2018, Other States include Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina,
North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin. In 2019 and 2020, Other States include Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Texas.
20 Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2019-2020
Crop Area planted Area harvested
2019 2020 2019 2020
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Barley .................................. Oats ..................................... Rye ...................................... Wheat, all ............................. Winter ................................ Durum ................................ Other spring .......................
2,772 2,830 1,855
45,485 31,474 1,341
12,670
2,621 2,984 1,955
44,349 30,415 1,684
12,250
2,221 828 310
37,394 24,592 1,177
11,625
2,133 1,004
330 36,746 23,024 1,662
12,060
Crop Yield per acre Production
2019 2020 2019 2020
(bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)
Barley .................................. Oats ..................................... Rye ...................................... Wheat, all ............................. Winter ................................ Durum ................................ Other spring .......................
77.7 64.3 34.3 51.7 53.6 45.8 48.3
77.5 65.1 34.9 49.7 50.9 41.4 48.6
172,499 53,258 10,622
1,932,017 1,316,963
53,959 561,095
165,324 65,355 11,532
1,825,820 1,171,022
68,808 585,990
Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 2019-2020
Crop Area planted Area harvested
2019 2020 2019 2020
(hectares) (hectares) (hectares) (hectares)
Barley .................................. Oats ..................................... Rye ...................................... Wheat, all ............................. Winter ................................ Durum ................................ Other spring .......................
1,121,800 1,145,270
750,700 18,407,320 12,737,210
542,690 5,127,420
1,060,690 1,207,590
791,170 17,947,600 12,308,650
681,500 4,957,450
898,820 335,080 125,450
15,132,980 9,952,140
476,320 4,704,520
863,200 406,310 133,550
14,870,740 9,317,580
672,590 4,880,560
Crop Yield per hectare Production
2019 2020 2019 2020
(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)
Barley .................................. Oats ..................................... Rye ...................................... Wheat, all ............................. Winter ................................ Durum ................................ Other spring .......................
4.18 2.31 2.15 3.47 3.60 3.08 3.25
4.17 2.33 2.19 3.34 3.42 2.78 3.27
3,755,720 773,040 269,810
52,580,890 35,841,860 1,468,520
15,270,500
3,599,510 948,630 292,930
49,690,680 31,870,000 1,872,650
15,948,030
Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) 21 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Comments
Oats: Production in 2020 was estimated at 65.4 million bushels, up 23 percent from 2019. Yield was estimated at
65.1 bushels per acre, up 0.8 bushel from the previous year. Harvested area, at 1.00 million acres, was 21 percent above
last year. Record low acres were harvested in Ohio.
A record high yield was estimated in Idaho.
Nationally, oat producers seeded 67 percent of the 2020 acreage by May 3, nineteen percentage points ahead of the
previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Sixty-nine percent of the oat acreage had emerged by May 17,
nineteen percentage points ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Heading of the
oat acreage advanced to 74 percent complete by June 28, twenty percentage points ahead of the previous year but
1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Oat producers harvested 49 percent of the acreage by August 3,
twenty percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, harvest
progress was at or ahead of the 5-year average in 7 of the 9 weekly Crop Progress estimating States. Ninety-one percent
of the Nation’s oat acreage was harvested by August 31, ten percentage points ahead of the previous year and
1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average.
Barley: Production was estimated at 165 million bushels, down 4 percent from the revised 2019 total of 172 million
bushels. The average yield, at 77.5 bushels per acre, was down 0.2 bushel from the previous year. Producers seeded
2.62 million acres in 2020, down 5 percent from 2019. Harvested area, at 2.13 million acres, was down 4 percent from
2019.
Record high yields were estimated in Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New York, and Washington.
Twelve percent of the Nation’s barley acreage was planted by April 12, six percentage points ahead of the previous year
but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, barley producers seeded 24 percent of the Nation’s
acreage by April 26, one percentage point behind the previous year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
By April 26, emergence was evident in 8 percent of the Nation’s barley acreage, 3 percentage points ahead of the previous
year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 93 percent of the barley acreage was sown by May 31,
one percentage point ahead of the previous year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-four percent
of the barley acreage emerged by May 31, six percentage points ahead of the previous year but 7 percentage points behind
the 5-year average. Heading of the Nation’s barley acreage advanced to 60 percent complete by July 5, twelve percentage
points ahead of the previous year but 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 2, barley producers
harvested 5 percent of the Nation’s acreage, 2 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 7 percentage points behind
the 5-year average. Overall, 79 percent of the barley acreage was reported in good to excellent condition on August 9,
compared with 74 percent at the same time last year. By September 13, ninety-five percent of the barley acreage was
harvested, 9 percentage points ahead of the previous year and one percentage point ahead of the 5-year average.
Winter wheat: Winter wheat production for 2020 totaled 1.17 billion bushels, down 11 percent from the revised
2019 total of 1.32 billion bushels. The United States yield, at 50.9 bushels per acre, was down 2.7 bushels from 2019.
Area harvested for grain was estimated at a record low 23.0 million acres, down 6 percent from the previous year. A
record low harvested acreage is estimated in California. Record high yields were estimated in Idaho, Montana,
New Jersey, Oklahoma, and South Dakota for 2020.
Compared with 2019, harvested acreage was down 11 percent in the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) growing States, the
primary winter wheat-producing area. HRW production totaled 659 million bushels, down 22 percent from 2019.
In the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area, planted and harvested acreage increased from 2019. SRW production totaled
266 million bushels, up 11 percent from 2019.
White winter wheat production totaled 246 million bushels, up 6 percent from the previous year. Harvested acreage in the
Pacific Northwest (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) was up 1 percent from 2019. Yields were up in Idaho and
Washington but down in Oklahoma compared with the previous year.
22 Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Seeding of the 2020 winter wheat acreage began in mid-September 2019 with 8 percent sown by September 15. By
October 6, producers had sown 52 percent of the intended 2020 winter wheat acreage, 3 percentage points behind last year
and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 26 percent of the winter wheat acreage was emerged by
October 6, two percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Emergence was at or behind the 5-year
average in 11 of the 18 estimating States. Producers had sown 85 percent of the intended 2020 winter wheat acreage by
October 27, eight percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat
planting had double-digit advances in 7 of the 18 estimating States during the week. Nationwide, 63 percent of the winter
wheat acreage had emerged by October 27, one percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the
5-year average. Emergence was at or behind the 5-year average in 11 of the 18 estimating States. Overall, 56 percent of
the 2020 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition based on conditions as of October 27,
compared with 53 percent at the same time last year.
Seeding of the 2020 acreage was nearing completion (95 percent) by November 17, three percentage points ahead of last
year but equal to the 5-year average. Winter wheat planting was complete or nearing completion in 13 of the 18 estimating
States. Nationwide, 87 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by November 24, two percentage points ahead of
last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat emergence advanced by 10 percentage points or
more from the previous week in California and North Carolina. Overall, 52 percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was
reported in good to excellent condition for the week ending November 24, unchanged from the previous week but
3 percentage points below the same time last year as the acreage was entering dormancy.
As the acreage was emerging from dormancy, sixty-two percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to
excellent condition, 2 percentage points above last year as of April 5. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State,
49 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. By April 19, fourteen percent of the
Nation’s winter wheat acreage was headed, 6 percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year
average. On April 19, fifty-seven percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition,
5 percentage points behind both the previous week and last year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State,
46 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition.
By May 3, thirty-two percent of the Nation’s winter wheat acreage was headed, 6 percentage points ahead of last year but
6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On May 3, fifty-five percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was
reported in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point higher than the previous week but 9 percentage points below
the same time last year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 42 percent of the winter wheat acreage was
rated in good to excellent condition. By May 31, seventy-seven percent of the Nation’s winter wheat acreage was headed,
4 percentage points ahead of last year but 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Three percent of the 2020 winter
wheat acreage was harvested by May 31, two percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the
5-year average. As of May 31, fifty-one percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent
condition, 3 percentage points below the previous week and 13 percentage points below the same time last year. In
Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 42 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent
condition. Forty-one percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was harvested by June 28, fifteen percentage points ahead
of last year but equal to the 5-year average. As of June 28, fifty-two percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was
reported in good to excellent condition, unchanged from the previous week but 11 percentage points below the same time
last year.
In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 80 percent of the State’s winter wheat acreage was harvested by
July 5, twenty-eight percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.
Sixty-eight percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by July 12, fourteen percentage points ahead of
last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. In Kansas, 95 percent of the State’s winter wheat acreage
was harvested by July 12, twenty percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year
average. Eighty-one percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by July 26, eight percentage points
ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress continued with
advances of 20 percentage points or more from the previous week reported in Michigan, Oregon, and South Dakota.
Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) 23 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Ninety-three percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by August 16, one percentage point ahead of
last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress was complete or nearing
completion in all estimating States except Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington.
Ninety-seven percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by August 23, two percentage points ahead of
last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress was complete or nearing
completion in all estimating States except Idaho, Montana, and Washington.
Other spring wheat: Production for 2020 was estimated at 586 million bushels, up 4 percent from the revised 2019 total
of 561 million bushels. Harvested area totaled 12.1 million acres, up 4 percent from 2019. The United States yield was
estimated at a record high 48.6 bushels per acre, up 0.3 bushel from the previous record high of 48.3 bushels per acre in
2019. A record high yield was estimated in Montana and North Dakota for 2020. Of the total production,
530 million bushels were Hard Red Spring wheat, up 2 percent from the 2019 total.
Seeding of the 2020 spring wheat acreage began in early April. Fourteen percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded
by April 26, three percentage points ahead of last year but 15 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of April 26,
Washington and Idaho led the Nation in planting progress with 88 percent and 61 percent planted, respectively. By
April 26, four percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had emerged, equal to the previous year but 3 percentage
points behind the 5-year average.
As of May 10, forty-two percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 4 percentage points ahead of last year but
21 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Washington and Idaho had the largest percentages of acres planted, with
96 percent and 92 percent planted, respectively. As of May 10, sixteen percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had
emerged, 8 percentage points ahead of last year but 13 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of May 24,
eighty-one percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 9 percentage points
behind the 5-year average. As of May 24, fifty-one percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had emerged,
10 percentage points ahead of last year but 14 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
As of June 7, ninety-seven percent of the spring wheat acreage had been seeded, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but
2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of June 7, eighty-one percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had
emerged, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eighty-two percent of
the Nation’s spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points above the previous week and
1 percentage point above the same time last year. By June 21, twelve percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had
reached the headed stage, 6 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 10 percentage points behind the 5-year
average. Seventy-five percent of the Nation’s spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 6 percentage points
below the previous week but equal to the same time last year.
By July 5, sixty-three percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 16 percentage points
ahead of the previous year but 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy percent of the Nation’s spring
wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point above the previous week but 8 percentage points below
the same time last year. By July 26, ninety-seven percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had reached the headed
stage, 1 percentage point ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By July 26,
one percent of the spring wheat had been harvested, equal to the previous year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year
average. Seventy percent of the Nation’s spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points above
the previous week but 3 percentage points below the same time last year.
By August 9, fifteen percent of the spring wheat had been harvested, 9 percentage points ahead of last year but
10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest progress was behind the 5-year average in 5 of the 6 estimating
States. Sixty-nine percent of the Nation’s spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage points
below the previous week but unchanged from the same time last year. By August 30, sixty-nine percent of the spring
wheat had been harvested, 19 percentage points ahead of last year but 8 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
Harvest progress advanced 20 percentage points or more in Idaho, Minnesota, and North Dakota.
24 Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
By September 6, eighty-two percent of the spring wheat was harvested, 16 percentage points ahead of last year but
5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest progress advanced 10 percentage points or more in 4 of the
6 estimating States during the week. Harvest of the 2020 acreage was 96 percent complete by September 20.
Durum wheat: Production for 2020 was estimated at 68.8 million bushels, up 28 percent from the revised 2019 total of
54.0 million bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 1.66 million acres, up 41 percent from the previous year. The
United States yield was estimated at 41.4 bushels per acre, down 4.4 bushels from the 2019 yield. Record high yields were
estimated in Idaho for 2020. Production in North Dakota, the largest Durum wheat-producing State, was up 36 percent
from 2019. Increases in production are attributed to increases in harvested acres across the Nation. Harvest began in the
two major Durum-wheat producing States of Montana and North Dakota in early August. Harvest was 80 percent
complete in Montana and 86 percent complete in North Dakota by September 13.
Rye: Production for 2020 was estimated at 11.5 million bushels, up 9 percent from the 2019 total. Harvested area totaled
330,000 acres, up 20,000 acres from 2019. The United States yield, at 34.9 bushels per acre, was up 0.6 bushel from the
previous year.
Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) 25 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Statistical Methodology
Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted to gather information on small grain
acreage, yield, and production. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for 70 percent of the
2020 winter wheat production. Early in the growing season, farm operators were interviewed to seek permission to
randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. Throughout the growing season, counts such as number
of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were collected from these plots. The plots were revisited each
month until crop maturity when the heads were clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator harvested the
sample field, enumerators revisited the sample to collect data in order to measure harvesting loss.
Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, telephone, or personal interview to obtain information on crop
acreage, yield and production for the 2020 crop year. Approximately 62,500 producers were interviewed during the first
two weeks of September and asked questions pertaining to planted and harvested area as well as yield and production.
Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for
reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather
patterns and crop progress compared with previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits an estimate and written
analysis for their State to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data, administrative data, and
the State analysis to prepare the estimates published in this report.
Revision Policy: Estimates contained in this report may be revised in the Crop Production Annual Summary report
published in January should new information become available. Previous year acreage, yield, and production estimates
can be revised in the Small Grain Summary published the following year, if new information is available that would
justify a change. Estimates will also be reviewed after data for the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No
revisions will be made after that date.
Reliability: The surveys used to make the acreage, yield, and production estimates contained in this report are subject to
sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Reliability of the objective yield and farmer
survey must be treated separately because the survey designs for the two surveys are different. The objective yield
indications are subject to sampling variability because all acres of winter wheat are not included in the sample.
The farm operator survey indications are also subject to sampling variability because all operations with small grains are
not included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is
approximately 1.9 percent for winter wheat, 5.3 percent for Durum wheat, and 2.9 percent for other spring wheat. This
means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for production will be within plus or minus
3.8 percent for winter wheat, 10.6 percent for Durum wheat, and 5.8 percent for other spring wheat of the value that could
be developed by averaging the estimates produced from all possible samples selected from the same population and
surveyed using the same procedures. The relative standard errors for barley, oats, and rye are 4.8, 4.4, and 13.0 percent,
respectively.
Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and
mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are
minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for
consistency and reasonableness.
26 Small Grains 2020 Summary (September 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact
for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to [email protected]
Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section ......................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Irwin Anolik – Crop Weather ........................................................................................................... (202) 720-7621
Joshua Bates – Oats, Soybeans ........................................................................................................ (202) 690-3234
David Colwell – Current Agricultural Industrial Reports ................................................................ (202) 720-8800
Becky Sommer – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum ..................................................................... (202) 720-5944
James Johanson – Barley, County Estimates, Hay ........................................................................... (202) 690-8533
Greg Lemmons – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet ............................................................................... (202) 720-9526
Jean Porter – Rye, Wheat ................................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068
John Stephens – Peanuts, Rice ......................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688
Travis Thorson – Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................................... (202) 720-7369
Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:
All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov
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