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United States Mobilization for War & Homefront. Newly Created Government Provisions. Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937 Isolationistic influence Neutrality Act of 1936 “Cash and Carry” Selective service act of October1940 Peacetime draft Conscientious O bjection Lend-Lease Act 1941 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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United States Mobilization for
War & Homefront
• Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937– Isolationistic influence
• Neutrality Act of 1936– “Cash and Carry”
• Selective service act of October1940– Peacetime draft– Conscientious Objection
• Lend-Lease Act 1941– Economic declaration of war on Germany
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Terms and Forms of
Aid to Allied powers
Newly Created Government Provisions
Robyn Weiner
New Government Agencies• Office of War Information (OWI) 1942– organized the distribution of war information to
the public to help create means of understanding the war
• War Production Board (WPB) 1942–Oversaw industrial transformation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3eoE12ywDzA&feature=related
More Agencies• Office of War and Mobilization 1942– supervised efforts to distribute proper
materials for converted industries, regulated production of civilian goods, established production contracts, negotiate organized labor, and controlled inflation
• Woman’s Army Corps (WAC) 1943– provided secretarial workers, truck drivers,
instructors, and lab technicians
War Bonds: What are they?
• War Bonds are technically a personal loan to the US government
• They are used to remove money from circulation and in turn reduce inflation
• Offered in denominations $25 up to $10000, with limitations
• Sold at 75% face value
Erik Mahal
War Bond Specifics
• First called defense bonds until December 7 1941
• Many famous celebrities of the time were contracted by the government to sell War Bonds
• The celebrity campaign netted over $838,540,000 worth of bonds
• Was sold to FDR by Henry Morgenthau
War Bonds Unite a Nation
• Over 85 million citizens purchased war bonds• Totaling over 185.7 billion dollars• Sports teams events held special events • News Broadcasts (Kate Smith)• Civilian D-day when planes dropped posters• Norman Rockwell provided original art as
advertising
Propaganda in the U.S.
• Propaganda was believed at first to be useless by US government
• Robert E Sherwood and the Foreign Information Service determined that America needed to fight just as much with words
• Office of War Information than took over the Propaganda ideas
• Promoted US involvement, Military Enrollment, and War Bonds Sales
Utilizing the Radio
• John Houseman was the first producer of international US propaganda
• Very theatrical and intense until invasion of North Africa in 1942
• Tone was than calm news reporting rather than over the top
• Took more sobering stand point rather than alluding to enemy bestiality
• Germans maintained alluding method and back fired when war turned
Propaganda Posters
• Cheapest and easiest media to produce• Leaned more towards facts rather than
imaginative • Norman Rockwell, Ben Shahn and other
famous artists of the time were contracted the government for their unique art styles
• War Bond Posters were most abundent
War Bonds
Propaganda
Problems and Conflicts
• War contributed to increased prices and shortages in food, housing, gas, clothing, transportation– Standard of living decreased as a result– Increases in salary due to jobs created by the war did
not improve purchasing power of most citizens• Many Americans were unhappy that they had to
sacrifice so much– Wealthy lived luxuriously on products purchased on the
newly created black market
Jamie Campbell
Problems: Rationing• Wartime rationing: • Sugar: May 1942• Coffee November: 1942• Canned Goods: March 1, 1943 (Meat and butter later that month)–Meat: 28oz. per person per week– Butter: 4oz. per person per week
• Gasoline Rationing (May 1941):• Stickers distributed based on use of the vehicle (i.e. for workers
commute, on the job use, pleasure, and emergency vehicles)– Labled “A” through “E” to indicate usage and amount of gasoline
allowed for purchase• Led to suspicion and scandal
Conflicts: Companies reaping benefits of war?
• April 1943: the government declares 27 million workers "essential", forbidding them to leave their jobs
• Many union members who committed to a no-strike pledge held protests• Protests concerned workers’ safety and working
conditions • Many were “walkouts”