United States History IUnited States History IChapter 3 Sections 1/2: Chapter 3 Sections 1/2:

“Causes of the American Civil “Causes of the American Civil War”War”

Standards 1.2-1.8, 9.3-9.4Standards 1.2-1.8, 9.3-9.4

Sectionalism and the Roots of Sectionalism and the Roots of ConflictConflict

• During the 1800’s, the northern and During the 1800’s, the northern and southern “sections” of the United southern “sections” of the United States began to grow apart socially States began to grow apart socially and economicallyand economically

• North: IndustryNorth: Industry

• South: Cash Crops: Cotton/TobaccoSouth: Cash Crops: Cotton/Tobacco

The Missouri Compromise: The Missouri Compromise: 18201820• 60,000 People needed in area/territory 60,000 People needed in area/territory

before it can apply for statehoodbefore it can apply for statehood

• 1820: 11 Slave and 11 Free States1820: 11 Slave and 11 Free States

• Missouri applied for statehoodMissouri applied for statehood– Balance of power would be offset one way Balance of power would be offset one way

or the other. Will Missouri be slave or free?or the other. Will Missouri be slave or free?– Who cares? Why would this be important Who cares? Why would this be important

for political power? Discussionfor political power? Discussion

Missouri Compromise: 1820Missouri Compromise: 1820

• *Maine also applied for statehood at the *Maine also applied for statehood at the same time: PROBLEM SOLVED… for nowsame time: PROBLEM SOLVED… for now

• See map of U.S. Maine vs. MissouriSee map of U.S. Maine vs. Missouri• CompromiseCompromise: Giving a little of something in : Giving a little of something in

order to get a little bit of something you wantorder to get a little bit of something you want• Missouri Compromise: Maine is admitted as a Missouri Compromise: Maine is admitted as a

free state while Missouri enters the UNION as free state while Missouri enters the UNION as a slave statea slave state: State Count = 12-12: State Count = 12-12

• Future?Future? 36-30 Line Established: Anything 36-30 Line Established: Anything North would be Free and Everything South North would be Free and Everything South would be slavewould be slave

Missouri Compromise Map: Missouri Compromise Map: 18201820

California Gold Rush: 1849California Gold Rush: 1849

• 1848: Gold is found in the 1848: Gold is found in the mountains of Californiamountains of California

• 1849: People RUSH out to 1849: People RUSH out to California in order to find California in order to find gold (49ers’) Sound gold (49ers’) Sound Familiar?Familiar?

• California all of sudden had California all of sudden had enough people to become enough people to become a state. Most people a state. Most people wanted California to wanted California to become a free state!become a free state!

• Slave states become angry Slave states become angry and threaten to leave the and threaten to leave the Union!!Union!!

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

• After nine months of heated debate…After nine months of heated debate…• Henry Clay: “The Great Compromiser” suggestsHenry Clay: “The Great Compromiser” suggests……

– 1. California be allowed to enter Union as a free 1. California be allowed to enter Union as a free state: South angry…state: South angry…

– 2. Territories of Utah and New Mexico established 2. Territories of Utah and New Mexico established w/o restrictions on slavery: North angryw/o restrictions on slavery: North angry

– 3. Slave trade was abolished in Washington D.C.3. Slave trade was abolished in Washington D.C.– 4. Strict 4. Strict Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law was passed: Said that was passed: Said that

fugitive slaves HAD to be reported to the authorities. fugitive slaves HAD to be reported to the authorities. So…If you lived in Indiana and knew that a fugitive So…If you lived in Indiana and knew that a fugitive slave was around and did not report it, you were slave was around and did not report it, you were breaking the law! Northerners very angry at this breaking the law! Northerners very angry at this law!!law!!

– 13 Free to 12 Slave States13 Free to 12 Slave States

Uncle Tom’s Cabin: 1852Uncle Tom’s Cabin: 1852• Harriet Beecher StoweHarriet Beecher Stowe: :

Abolitionist who lived in Abolitionist who lived in Cincinnati, Ohio. Was a Cincinnati, Ohio. Was a contemporary of Frederick contemporary of Frederick Douglas.Douglas.

• Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin: Book that : Book that exposed slavery for what it exposed slavery for what it really was and infuriated slave really was and infuriated slave owners in the south.owners in the south.

• Eliza and the Horrors of -SlaveryEliza and the Horrors of -Slavery• *What does it mean when *What does it mean when

someone is referred to as an someone is referred to as an Uncle Tom?Uncle Tom?

• http://www.in.gov/dnr_http://www.in.gov/dnr_old/historic/ugrr_sites.old/historic/ugrr_sites.htmlhtml

The Mighty Ohio RiverThe Mighty Ohio River

Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1854Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1854• Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas: Senator IL: Senator IL• Wanted to build a Wanted to build a

transcontinental RR through transcontinental RR through Chicago (Economics)Chicago (Economics)

• Two new territories created: Two new territories created: Kansas and Nebraska: Both Kansas and Nebraska: Both ABOVE the 36-30 Line! ABOVE the 36-30 Line!

• Kansas-Nebraska Act: Douglas Kansas-Nebraska Act: Douglas wanted to scrap the 36-30 line wanted to scrap the 36-30 line and leave the fate of all future and leave the fate of all future states up to POPULAR states up to POPULAR SOVEREIGNTYSOVEREIGNTY: Let the people : Let the people choosechoose

• 1854:1854: A group of northern A group of northern politicians become so angry that politicians become so angry that they form a new political party they form a new political party called the called the Republican PartyRepublican Party

Kansas Nebraska Act: 1854Kansas Nebraska Act: 1854

Bleeding Kansas: 1854-1857Bleeding Kansas: 1854-1857

• Two groups “moved” into Two groups “moved” into Kansas in an attempt to Kansas in an attempt to sway the vote for a sway the vote for a constitution that met their constitution that met their needsneeds

• Anti-Slavery: LawrenceAnti-Slavery: Lawrence• Pro-Slavery: LecomptonPro-Slavery: Lecompton• *After some Pro-Slavery *After some Pro-Slavery

supporters attacked and supporters attacked and killed abolitionist, killed abolitionist, John John BrownBrown and his sons killed and his sons killed at least five Pro-Slavery at least five Pro-Slavery people.people.

• *Open fighting broke out *Open fighting broke out and lasted a few years.and lasted a few years.

Dred Scott Case: 1857Dred Scott Case: 1857• Background: Dred Scott was Background: Dred Scott was

a slave who was owned by a a slave who was owned by a slave owner in Missouri. His slave owner in Missouri. His owner was in the army and owner was in the army and spent time in Wisconsin and spent time in Wisconsin and Illinois. When his owner Illinois. When his owner died, the state of Missouri died, the state of Missouri tried to sell Dred Scott as tried to sell Dred Scott as propertyproperty

• Case: Dred Scott sued for his Case: Dred Scott sued for his freedom and lost because freedom and lost because he was “property”he was “property”

• -Roger Taney: -Could not -Roger Taney: -Could not sue because he was not a sue because he was not a citizencitizen

• -Congress could NOT ban -Congress could NOT ban slavery in new territoriesslavery in new territories

Illinois Senate Race of 1858Illinois Senate Race of 1858• Illinois Senate seat was up for Illinois Senate seat was up for

electionelection• Stephen Douglas was Stephen Douglas was incumbent: incumbent:

already held seatalready held seat• Abraham Lincoln: Republican: Abraham Lincoln: Republican:

Challenged Douglas to a series of Challenged Douglas to a series of debates all over the state of debates all over the state of IllinoisIllinois

• Douglas: Believed in Popular Douglas: Believed in Popular SovereigntySovereignty

• Lincoln: Wanted to stop the Lincoln: Wanted to stop the SPREAD of slavery to new SPREAD of slavery to new territories: “Contain it”territories: “Contain it”

• *LINCOLN LOST THE ELECTION *LINCOLN LOST THE ELECTION BUT GAINED POPULARITY WITH BUT GAINED POPULARITY WITH MANY NORTHERNERSMANY NORTHERNERS

• *THIS SET THE STAGE FOR HIM *THIS SET THE STAGE FOR HIM TO RUN FOR PRESIDENT IN 1860!TO RUN FOR PRESIDENT IN 1860!

HARPER’S FERRY: 1859HARPER’S FERRY: 1859• JOHN BROWNJOHN BROWN: Wanted to : Wanted to

start a slave revolt in the start a slave revolt in the state of Virginiastate of Virginia

• -Attacked a U.S. Army Arsenal -Attacked a U.S. Army Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia (Present W. VA)(Present W. VA)

• -No slaves joined the revolt-No slaves joined the revolt• -Brown was captured by -Brown was captured by

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee• -Brown was hanged for -Brown was hanged for

“treason”“treason”• *Many in North saw Brown as *Many in North saw Brown as

a Martyr: Heroa Martyr: Hero• *Many in the South saw *Many in the South saw

Brown as an extremistBrown as an extremist

U.S. History IU.S. History I

Chapter 3 Section 2Chapter 3 Section 2

Election of 1860 and the Election of 1860 and the Beginning of the American Civil Beginning of the American Civil

WarWar

Election of 1860Election of 1860• By 1860, the United States By 1860, the United States

was very separated by was very separated by Regional, Political, and Regional, Political, and Economic differences.Economic differences.

• Election: Election: Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln (IL): Republican(IL): Republican

• --Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas (IL): (IL): Northern DemocratNorthern Democrat

• --John C. BreckinridgeJohn C. Breckinridge (KY): (KY): Southern DemocratSouthern Democrat

• --John BellJohn Bell (TN): (TN): Constitutional Union Party Constitutional Union Party

Election of 1860Election of 1860

• Lincoln gained most of his support in the Lincoln gained most of his support in the North while Breckinridge got his from the North while Breckinridge got his from the SouthSouth

• *Many in the southern states hated Lincoln *Many in the southern states hated Lincoln and vowed to leave the Union if he was and vowed to leave the Union if he was elected: They thought that he would end elected: They thought that he would end slavery for good (THAT WAS THEIR DECISION slavery for good (THAT WAS THEIR DECISION TO MAKE, NOT HIS!)TO MAKE, NOT HIS!)

• -Abraham Lincoln won the election by a count -Abraham Lincoln won the election by a count of 180 Electoral Votes to 72 (Breckinridge)of 180 Electoral Votes to 72 (Breckinridge)

Secession!!!Secession!!!• South Carolina left the Union on South Carolina left the Union on December 20December 20thth, ,

18601860: Claimed they did it for “State’s Rights”: Claimed they did it for “State’s Rights”

• February 1February 1stst, 1861, 1861: Mississippi, Florida, : Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas joined Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas joined South Carolina: *Did it to defend “American South Carolina: *Did it to defend “American Rights” like the colonist during the revolution of Rights” like the colonist during the revolution of 17761776

• *John J. Crittenden*John J. Crittenden (KY): wanted to reach a last (KY): wanted to reach a last minute “Compromise” minute “Compromise” Reestablish 36 30Reestablish 36 30

• Crittenden’s CompromiseCrittenden’s Compromise did not work did not work

Confederate States of America Confederate States of America are Born! (CSA)are Born! (CSA)• February 8February 8thth, 1861, 1861: :

Montgomery, AlabamaMontgomery, Alabama• -REBEL states get -REBEL states get

together and form the together and form the Confederate States of Confederate States of AmericaAmerica

• -Declared each state -Declared each state independentindependent

• -*Jefferson Davis: -*Jefferson Davis: Became the first Became the first President of the CSAPresident of the CSA

Ft. Sumter, S.CFt. Sumter, S.C..• Ft. Sumter: a Union fort in Ft. Sumter: a Union fort in

“Confederate” territory “Confederate” territory (South Carolina)(South Carolina)

• --Major Robert AndersonMajor Robert Anderson: : Commander: Asked Lincoln Commander: Asked Lincoln for suppliesfor supplies

• *If Lincoln refuses to send *If Lincoln refuses to send supplies and abandons the supplies and abandons the fort, then he acknowledges fort, then he acknowledges the CSA’s right to exist. If he the CSA’s right to exist. If he sends supplies, then he risks sends supplies, then he risks war! Lincoln sends supplieswar! Lincoln sends supplies

• April 12April 12thth, 1861: Confederate , 1861: Confederate forces attack Ft. Sumterforces attack Ft. Sumter

• *The *The American Civil WarAmerican Civil War had had begun!begun!

““Upper South” SecedesUpper South” Secedes

• After Ft. Sumter, After Ft. Sumter, Virginia, Arkansas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and North Carolina, and Tennessee left the Tennessee left the UnionUnion

• *CSA Capital moved *CSA Capital moved to to Richmond, Richmond, Virginia (100 Miles Virginia (100 Miles Away from Away from Washington D.C.)Washington D.C.)

Habeas Corpus and the Border Habeas Corpus and the Border StatesStates• Lincoln was worried the rest of the slave Lincoln was worried the rest of the slave

states would also leave the Unionstates would also leave the Union• He suspended writs of He suspended writs of Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus: : right right

to be charged with a crime within 24 hours of to be charged with a crime within 24 hours of being arrested: and declared Marshall Law being arrested: and declared Marshall Law (Curfew) in order to prevent this(Curfew) in order to prevent this

• Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware, West VirginiaKentucky, Missouri, Delaware, West Virginia (Broke Away from Virginia), and (Broke Away from Virginia), and MarylandMaryland (If (If Maryland left, then D.C. was already Maryland left, then D.C. was already surrounded by the enemy) surrounded by the enemy) were the five were the five slave states that DID NOT leave the Union: slave states that DID NOT leave the Union: AKA Border StatesAKA Border States

Which States Left the Which States Left the Union? 11Union? 11• CSA: CSA: • 1. S.C.1. S.C.• 2. N.C.2. N.C.• 3. Virginia3. Virginia• 4. Tennessee4. Tennessee• 5. Mississippi5. Mississippi• 6. Georgia6. Georgia• 7. Florida7. Florida• 8. Louisiana8. Louisiana• 9. Texas9. Texas• 10. Alabama10. Alabama• 11. Arkansas11. Arkansas

Who stayed loyal? 24 TotalWho stayed loyal? 24 Total

• Border States: Border States: • 1. Kentucky1. Kentucky• 2. Delaware2. Delaware• 3. Missouri3. Missouri• 4. W. Virginia4. W. Virginia• 5. Maryland5. Maryland

• Non-Slave Union Non-Slave Union • 1. Indiana1. Indiana• 2. Illinois2. Illinois• 3. Iowa3. Iowa• 4. Wisconsin4. Wisconsin• 5. Minnesota5. Minnesota• 6. Kansas6. Kansas• 7. Oregon7. Oregon• 8. California8. California• 9. Michigan9. Michigan• 10. Pennsylvania10. Pennsylvania• 11. New York11. New York• 12. New Jersey12. New Jersey• 13. Connecticut13. Connecticut• 14. Rhode Island14. Rhode Island• 15. Massachusetts15. Massachusetts• 16. Ohio16. Ohio• 17. Vermont17. Vermont• 18. New Hampshire18. New Hampshire• 19. Maine19. Maine

U.S. History IU.S. History I

Chapter 3 Section 3Chapter 3 Section 3

““The Civil War”The Civil War”

1.4, 9.2, 9.41.4, 9.2, 9.4

Advantages and Advantages and DisadvantagesDisadvantages“Tale of the Tape”“Tale of the Tape”• UnionUnion• More PeopleMore People• Stronger NavyStronger Navy• More MoneyMore Money• More Railroad TrackMore Railroad Track• More Weapon’s More Weapon’s

FactoriesFactories• Stronger Federal Stronger Federal

GovernmentGovernment• More Food SuppliesMore Food Supplies

• ConfederateConfederate• More “committed” More “committed”

SoldiersSoldiers• Better Military Better Military

CommandersCommanders• Most of war fought Most of war fought

in CSA territoryin CSA territory

StrategiesStrategies

• UnionUnion

• Winfield ScottWinfield Scott: : Proposed the Proposed the Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan– Blockade SouthBlockade South– Control Mississippi Control Mississippi

RiverRiver– Control Gulf of Control Gulf of

MexicoMexico– Take Richmond, VATake Richmond, VA

Strategies: ConfederateStrategies: Confederate

• Win by NOT losing….huh?Win by NOT losing….huh?

• Use “Hit and Run” tactics to wear larger Use “Hit and Run” tactics to wear larger army downarmy down

• Frustrate enemy into mistakesFrustrate enemy into mistakes

• Avoid major battles unless “CLEAR” Avoid major battles unless “CLEAR” advantageadvantage

• Fight on “own” territory: Fight on “own” territory: – Soldiers are familiar Soldiers are familiar – Protecting Protecting homeshomes versus protecting versus protecting ideasideas

Human Impact of Civil War: Human Impact of Civil War: 624,511 Total Deaths!624,511 Total Deaths!

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

Tota

l Force

s

Wounded

Kille

d/Battle

Kille

d/O

ther

Tota

l Death

s

UnionConfederate

Chapter 3-4Reconstruction1865-1877

Section 1“Reconstruction Plans”1.4, 9.1, 9.3, 9.4Atlanta Destruction (Present)

The Reconstruction Battle Begins: Richmond in Ruin: (Below) T. Stephens: (Right)

Reconstruction – The rebuilding after the Civil War.

Lincoln wanted a moderate policy that would reconcile the South with the Union instead of punishing it for treason. Amnesty – pardon

The South would gain 15 seats in the House of Representatives.

Thaddeus Stevens – A radical Republican who did not want to reconcile with the South. “revolutionize Southern

institutions, habits, and manners.”

The Reconstruction Battle Begins

Radical Republicans – A group of Republicans who opposed Lincoln’s plan to bring the South back into the Union. Wanted to prevent

Confederate leaders from returning to power after the war.

Wanted the Republican Party to become powerful in the South.

Wanted the federal government to help African Americans gain political equality by guaranteeing their right to vote in the South.

Moderate Republicans Wanted to go “easy” on

south Prevent future war

The Reconstruction Battle Begins Freedmen - Freed African

Americans. Freedmen’s Bureau – Bureau

established by Congress to help freed African Americans adjust to their new freedom.

Some believed the freedmen should be given confiscated Confederate land, while others felt it went against an individuals property rights. Congress refused to support land

confiscation. Anti-freedmen cartoon (below)

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/freedmans-bureau.htm

Johnson Takes Office Black Codes – a series of laws

passed by Southern legislatures, which severely limited African Americans’ rights in the South.

Civil Rights Act – 1866 law that granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States except Native Americans.

Fourteenth Amendment – Amendment to the Constitution that granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.

Andrew Johnson: Did not support 14th Amendment

Radicals dislike him Tenure of Office Act:

Radical Repub. Law to “set-up” Johnson for removal: Said that a President could not fire anyone w/o Congress approval

Edwin Stanton: Sec. of War fired by Johnson

Johnson impeached: put on trial for crime of breaking tenure of office act

He avoided removal by ONE vote!

Republican Rule in the SouthAnti-carpet bagger cartoon (Below): Which political party would have

supported this cartoon? Which symbol is a clue?

Carpetbagger – Name given to Northern whites who moved to the South after the war and supported Republicans. Many had moved to the

South to educate whites and African Americans.

Scalawag – Name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South.

Republican Rule in the South Thousands of African

Americans took part in governing the South.

Most of the first elected were educated in the South.

Joseph Rainey – First African American elected to the House of Representatives. (Left)

Hiram Revels – African American elected to the Senate.

Even though African Americans took part in the government, they did not control it.

Southern Resistance In 1870 and 1871 Congress passed

three Enforcement Acts. One act made it a federal crime to interfere

with a citizens right to vote. The second act placed federal elections under the supervision of federal marshals.

Ku Klux Klan Act – Law that outlawed the activities of the Ku Klux Klan.

Reconstruction Ends Compromise of 1877 – The method used to reach an

outcome in the 1876 presidential election. Tenant Farmers – Farmers who paid rent for the land

they farmed. Sharecroppers – Farmers who paid a share of their

crops to cover their rent and the equipment they needed.

Furnishing Merchant – Country stores and local suppliers who provided sharecroppers with their supplies.

De Jure Segregation- Upheld by Law 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson