United States annexed TexasMexico and United States at odds over

boundaryGeneral Zachary Taylor was sent to Rio

GrandeApril 24 Mexican army crossed the river

When Ended War - Added 500,000 square miles to the size of America

California, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, and Arizona and parts of Colorado

Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo ended this conflict?

1840’s they reached speeds of 20-30 mph

Very unsafe /Used to transport people and supplies

Boom – across AmericaLink American cities and coast to

coastEnormous boost to American

economy / Steele industry growth

Removed impurities from steel Invented the telegraph which

will lead to intercontinental cable

Mass movement of people to California

Started in 1848 and by 1850 California had enough people to

become a state. What caused this?

1840’s –1860’s – 4.2 millionMost from ____ potato faminePoor, disease ridded, catholic

Most to the cities to fill needed factory jobs

Tenements and ghettos

1831 –_____and other slaves rose up against their masters

About 60 whites killedThe rebellion was stopped

Slave owners had to make sure this would not happen again

Conditions became harsherSoutherners looked at abolitionist as a

direct attack on their way of lifeSoutherners feared their own slaves and

possible attacks from the north

Cotton gin made separating the seeds from the cotton a cheaper

processWestward expansion opened more

areas to growing cottonMost cotton went to Great Britain

Southerners said “_____”Felt cotton was responsible for the

good economy of America

Mexican American warMexican American warRailroads

Bessemer ProcessSamuel MorseGold Rush

IrelandNat TurnerCotton is King

Winner of the election of 1844 God supported American expansion

"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" =What territory?

founder of the Mormon Church

Gained independence from Spain 1821

Republic of ___ included (Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California,

Nevada, Utah and much of Colorado)

He attracted others to settle in TexasFriction developed between Mexican

government and settlersMany in Texas refused to free their

slavesSoon Mexico stopped further

immigration____ was arrested and jailed

1835 Texans revoltedSanta Anna sent troops to put

down the revolutionAlamo, Goliad, etc

Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto River

Independence March 2, 1836

Religious sect founded in AmericaJoseph Smith was the founder

Established communities in Ohio and Missouri – 1837 / Persecuted

Brigham Young – 1,500 – established a colony near the Great Salt Lake

Polygamy practiced (more than one spouse)

Americans were willing to go to war over the ____Territory

1845-1846United States and England

avoided warPresident Polk let Congress decide on the agreement

(boundary)

Oregon Manifest Destiny

Joseph SmithMexicoStephen F. Austin

Texas IndependenceMormonsOregon

James K. Polk

Harriet Beecher Stowe – never owned slaves

Showed the villain Simon LegreeAlso showed that slaves were people

with deep feelingShowed the evils of slavery

Sold millions of copies and became a stage show throughout the worldReaders around the world turned

against slavery

1800 Virginia slave rose against his masters

Marched to RichmondStorm dispersed his army and he

was defeated

Freedoms Journal & North Star / Black newspapers

Preached liberation____– “Appeal … to the colored

people of the world”Denounced slavery

Called for blacks to revolt against the whites

Underground RailroadHelped escaped slaved get to

Free states and later to Canada

People could vote for or against slavery

Also called Squatters Sovereignty

California – Free StatePeople of Utah and New Mexico

territories would decide for themselves to allow slavery

Congress abolished the sale of slaves on Washington D.C.

Slavery itself would remain legal in Washington D.C.

New fugitive slave law

Took the Mormons to Utah hero of San Jacinto Early 1800’s Irish immigrants settled

Uncle Tom’s CabinGabriel Prosser

Harriet TubmanPopular SovereigntyCompromise of 1850

Brigham YoungSam HoustonNortheast

David Walker

1800’s this had the greatest impact on the economy and

settlementmost prominent free African

Americans in the United States in 1860

foundation of the African American culture

leading southern anti-slavery author

The leader of the 1831 slave uprising in Southampton, Virginia, was

Religion Frederick Douglass

Hinton R. HelperNat Turner

Railroads