United States United States and World War Iand World War I

APUSHAPUSH

Over ThereOver There By George M. By George M. CohanCohan VerseVerse

Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun,your gun,

Take it on the run, on the run, on the run,Take it on the run, on the run, on the run,Hear them calling you and me,Hear them calling you and me,Ev'ry son of liberty.Ev'ry son of liberty.Hurry right away, no delay, go today,Hurry right away, no delay, go today,Make your daddy glad to have had such a Make your daddy glad to have had such a

lad,lad,Tell your sweetheart not to pine,Tell your sweetheart not to pine,To be proud her boy's in line. To be proud her boy's in line. ChorusChorus

Over there over thereOver there over there Send the word, send the word over Send the word, send the word over

therethere That the Yanks are coming, the That the Yanks are coming, the

Yanks are coming,Yanks are coming, The drums rum-tumming The drums rum-tumming

ev'rywhereev'rywhere So prepare say a pray'rSo prepare say a pray'r Send the word, send the word to Send the word, send the word to

bewarebeware We'll be over, we're coming over,We'll be over, we're coming over, And we won't come back till it's And we won't come back till it's

over over there!over over there!

VerseVerse Johnnie get your gun, get Johnnie get your gun, get

your gun, get your gun,your gun, get your gun, Johnnie show the Hun Johnnie show the Hun

you're a son of a gun,you're a son of a gun, Hoist the flag and let her Hoist the flag and let her

fly,fly, Yankee Doodle do or die.Yankee Doodle do or die. Pack your little kit, show Pack your little kit, show

your grit, do your bit,your grit, do your bit, Yankees to the ranks from Yankees to the ranks from

the towns and the tanks,the towns and the tanks, Make your mother proud Make your mother proud

of youof you And the old Red White and And the old Red White and

Blue.Blue.

Essay Question Choice 2Essay Question Choice 2 Mobilization for WWI altered the lives of Mobilization for WWI altered the lives of

millions of civilians. Describe the impact millions of civilians. Describe the impact on the American society to three of the on the American society to three of the following:following:

A.A. Women and the war effort (military, Women and the war effort (military, munitions manufacturing)munitions manufacturing)

B.B. Black Americans (Great Migration, push Black Americans (Great Migration, push pull factors)pull factors)

C.C. Curbing dissent (Civil Liberties- Curbing dissent (Civil Liberties- Espionage Act- Sedition Act)Espionage Act- Sedition Act)

D.D. Paying for the war (Income, Corporate, Paying for the war (Income, Corporate, excise taxes, War Bonds, Loans)excise taxes, War Bonds, Loans)

E.E. Fuel and food administration (Food Fuel and food administration (Food Administration, Wheat, sugar, meat)Administration, Wheat, sugar, meat)

““The most colossal, murderous, The most colossal, murderous, mismanaged butchery that has ever mismanaged butchery that has ever taken place on earth.”taken place on earth.”

Ernest HemmingwayErnest Hemmingway ““Make the world safe for democracy.“Make the world safe for democracy.“

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

Stuff You Need to KnowStuff You Need to Know The First World WarThe First World War Problems of neutrality Problems of neutrality

Submarines Submarines Economic ties Economic ties Psychological and ethnic Psychological and ethnic

ties ties Preparedness and Preparedness and

pacifism pacifism Mobilization Mobilization

Fighting the war Fighting the war Financing the war Financing the war War boards War boards Propaganda, public Propaganda, public

opinion, civil liberties opinion, civil liberties

Wilson's Fourteen Wilson's Fourteen Points Points Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles Ratification fight Ratification fight

Postwar Postwar demobilization demobilization Red scare Red scare Labor strife Labor strife

1.1. How did the United States Participate in WWI How did the United States Participate in WWI before we actually started fighting?before we actually started fighting?

2.2. How did the US get involved in WWI?How did the US get involved in WWI?3.3. Whose side was the US on?Whose side was the US on?4.4. Identify: The Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram-Identify: The Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram-5.5. What is What is Unlimited Submarine WarfareUnlimited Submarine Warfare and how and how

did it push Americans into war?did it push Americans into war?6.6. When the US finally entered the war, how did the When the US finally entered the war, how did the

Government organize for the war? (be specific)Government organize for the war? (be specific)7.7. What role did money play in the decision for the US What role did money play in the decision for the US

to enter the War?to enter the War?8.8. How did the American Government try to control How did the American Government try to control

Public Opinion about the war?Public Opinion about the war?9.9. How did African Americans status in America How did African Americans status in America

change due to the war?change due to the war?10.10. What did Wilson want Americans to do in order to What did Wilson want Americans to do in order to

insure no other World War would start again?insure no other World War would start again?11.11. How did the American Republicans respond to How did the American Republicans respond to

Wilson’s peace plan?Wilson’s peace plan?12.12. Identify the 14 points- what parts did the US Senate Identify the 14 points- what parts did the US Senate

disagree with?disagree with?

World War I 1914-1919World War I 1914-1919

Secret Alliances- Secret Alliances- (Triple Alliance/Triple Entente)(Triple Alliance/Triple Entente)

Rivalries-EmpiresRivalries-Empires Militarism/ “Arms Race”Militarism/ “Arms Race” Revenge- Franco-Prussia War (1971)Revenge- Franco-Prussia War (1971) Nationalist movement touches off a Nationalist movement touches off a

giant war (Serbia- the Black Hand giant war (Serbia- the Black Hand Gavrillo Princip)Gavrillo Princip)

Pre World War I MapPre World War I MapInteractive Map of WarInteractive Map of War

Americans want to keep out Americans want to keep out of Warof War

Woodrow Wilson was reelected in Woodrow Wilson was reelected in 1916 on the platform that 1916 on the platform that ““He Kept Us Out of War!”He Kept Us Out of War!”

In 1917, however, Wilson sought a In 1917, however, Wilson sought a declaration of war. declaration of war.

Citing “Freedom of the seas.” Citing “Freedom of the seas.” A “War to Make the World Safe for A “War to Make the World Safe for

Democracy” Democracy”

Woodrow Wilson 1912-Woodrow Wilson 1912-19191919

Democrat (Progressive)Democrat (Progressive) PHD-Professor then President of PHD-Professor then President of

Princeton- Political SciencePrinceton- Political Science Governor of New JerseyGovernor of New Jersey Want foreign policy to shapeWant foreign policy to shape

moralitymorality in the World. in the World. Very religious Very religious Committed to Peace in the world.Committed to Peace in the world.

Moral or Missionary Moral or Missionary DiplomacyDiplomacy

Wilson, “It would be the irony of fate if my Wilson, “It would be the irony of fate if my administration had to deal chiefly with administration had to deal chiefly with foreign affairs.”foreign affairs.”

Hoped to change relations with Latin Hoped to change relations with Latin America- didn’t like the “Big Stick” America- didn’t like the “Big Stick” diplomacy- diplomacy-

Wanted to restore Latin American Wanted to restore Latin American Confidence in the USConfidence in the US

American Economic Expansion with American Economic Expansion with American Democracy, and Christianity, to American Democracy, and Christianity, to civilize the world.civilize the world.

Secretary of State Secretary of State William Jennings BryanWilliam Jennings Bryan (Christian, Pacifist- reflected the (Christian, Pacifist- reflected the Moral/Missionary vision)Moral/Missionary vision)

““Missionary” DiplomacyMissionary” Diplomacy Wilson saw American influence in the Wilson saw American influence in the

world as a moral crusade-world as a moral crusade- Wanted to help create a “New World Wanted to help create a “New World

Order” guided by fair play and Order” guided by fair play and cooperationcooperation

Wanted to spread democracy and hope to Wanted to spread democracy and hope to less fortunate landsless fortunate lands

Pledged, Pledged, “The United States would “The United States would never again seek one additional foot never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest.”of territory by conquest.”

Wilson and MoralityWilson and Morality

““Americans are meant to carry Americans are meant to carry liberty and justice and the principles liberty and justice and the principles of humanity wherever… convert of humanity wherever… convert them to principles of America.”them to principles of America.”

““America must use it’s enormous America must use it’s enormous moral and material power to create moral and material power to create a new order.”a new order.”

1. How did the United States 1. How did the United States Participate in WWI before we Participate in WWI before we

actually started fighting?actually started fighting? American “Neutrality” American “Neutrality” “He Kept Us Out of War!”“He Kept Us Out of War!” Most Americans did not want to get involved in Most Americans did not want to get involved in

the Warthe War Wilson didn’t want war but didn’t want Brits to Wilson didn’t want war but didn’t want Brits to

loselose Anglo-Americans Anglo-Americans pro-Allies (Brits)pro-Allies (Brits) Irish AmericansIrish Americans (4.5 million) were Anti-British (4.5 million) were Anti-British

and pro-German (1916, Easter Rising, Irish will and pro-German (1916, Easter Rising, Irish will use German Weapons to attack British in Dublin)use German Weapons to attack British in Dublin)

German Americans pro-German (8 million)German Americans pro-German (8 million) American Industrialists- were making millions on American Industrialists- were making millions on

war goodswar goods

American “Neutrality”American “Neutrality”Wilson said, A German victory would be “destructive to American ideals.”

2. How did the US get involved 2. How did the US get involved in WWI?in WWI?

Economics (we loaned a ton to Allies Economics (we loaned a ton to Allies and couldn’t afford to have them and couldn’t afford to have them lose)lose)

Propaganda Propaganda Unrestricted Submarine WarfareUnrestricted Submarine Warfare LusitaniaLusitania Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram

Economic Ties=Tacit Economic Ties=Tacit NeutralityNeutrality U. S. BankersU. S. Bankers

Immediately after the War bogged down into stalemate, the Immediately after the War bogged down into stalemate, the Allies sought to build their armies.  They needed money and Allies sought to build their armies.  They needed money and material to do it.  They also needed supplies in large material to do it.  They also needed supplies in large quantities.  What they couldn't produce they bought from the quantities.  What they couldn't produce they bought from the United States and they bought on credit from U. S. Banks.   United States and they bought on credit from U. S. Banks.   

Trade with Germany Trade with Germany  1914 = $169,000,000 1914 = $169,000,000 1916 = $1,158,000 1916 = $1,158,000 1917 $27 million in credit1917 $27 million in credit

Trade with AlliesTrade with Allies 1914 = $824,000,000 1914 = $824,000,000 1916 = $3,214,000,000 1916 = $3,214,000,000 1917 = $2.3 billion in credit1917 = $2.3 billion in credit

When the War looked bad for the Allies the bankers became When the War looked bad for the Allies the bankers became worried that they might lose their money if the Allies lost the worried that they might lose their money if the Allies lost the War and started to pressure the United States government War and started to pressure the United States government to get more involved.to get more involved.

Sinking of the Lusitania Sinking of the Lusitania May 1915May 1915

Wilson wants to maintain neutrality Wilson wants to maintain neutrality but also cited the necessity to but also cited the necessity to maintain “freedom of the seas”maintain “freedom of the seas”

Causes Americans to become more Causes Americans to become more hostile to Germanshostile to Germans

Effect of LusitaniaEffect of Lusitania

Wilson protests and demands German Wilson protests and demands German apology, reparations, commitment to apology, reparations, commitment to stop attacking passenger vesselsstop attacking passenger vessels

Germans comply for time beingGermans comply for time being Americans still trade with Allies and Americans still trade with Allies and

GermansGermans Wilson desires “Peace and Wilson desires “Peace and

Preparedness” begins to prepare for Preparedness” begins to prepare for war with appropriationswar with appropriations

Election of 1916Election of 1916

Wilson playing the both sidesWilson playing the both sides Preparedness and PeacePreparedness and Peace Beats the Republican Hughes Beats the Republican Hughes Very close raceVery close race 277-254 electoral votes277-254 electoral votes 9.1 mill- 8.5 mill pop votes9.1 mill- 8.5 mill pop votes

PropagandaPropagandaGrows Grows

Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram

January 1917January 1917 German diplomat suggests to MexicoGerman diplomat suggests to Mexico Alliance- Alliance- If US enters the war against GermanyIf US enters the war against Germany Mexico declares war on US and if Mexico declares war on US and if

Germany and US win, Mexico will receive Germany and US win, Mexico will receive Texas, Arizona, and New MexicoTexas, Arizona, and New Mexico

Telegram is leaked to papersTelegram is leaked to papers Outrages many Americans = more Outrages many Americans = more

support for entering warsupport for entering war

Unrestricted Submarine Unrestricted Submarine WarfareWarfare

1917 Germany is getting desperate1917 Germany is getting desperate Wants to force British negotiated Wants to force British negotiated

peace or victorypeace or victory Announces new policy of Unrestricted Announces new policy of Unrestricted

Submarine Warfare= All ships going Submarine Warfare= All ships going to Allied countries possible targets.to Allied countries possible targets.

Germans thought this might cause Germans thought this might cause US to enter war, but thought war US to enter war, but thought war would end before they could mobilize.would end before they could mobilize.

Video of Submarine Video of Submarine

Wilson Supports WarWilson Supports War

Wilson- Very pro-British-Wilson- Very pro-British- saw the war saw the war concerning the survival of democracy.concerning the survival of democracy.

US Bankers and industrialists supported US Bankers and industrialists supported entrance into warentrance into war

Wilson wanted to see a Wilson wanted to see a New World Order New World Order emergeemerge

He cited the “He cited the “Freedom of the seasFreedom of the seas” ” The American cause was “to vindicate the The American cause was “to vindicate the

principles of peace and justice…The world principles of peace and justice…The world must be made safe for democracymust be made safe for democracy

Asks Congress for a Declaration of WarAsks Congress for a Declaration of War

3. Whose side was the 3. Whose side was the US on?US on?

Congress Vote Congress Vote April 1917April 1917 Senate 92-6Senate 92-6 House 473-50House 473-50

US is at war against GermanyUS is at war against Germany

6. When the US finally entered the war, 6. When the US finally entered the war, how did the Government organize how did the Government organize

for the war? (be specific)for the war? (be specific)

MobilizationMobilization Financing the WarFinancing the War

Raised Income TaxesRaised Income Taxes Corporate TaxesCorporate Taxes LoansLoans War BondsWar Bonds

$24 Billion- cost of $24 Billion- cost of warwar

$11 Billion in war $11 Billion in war loansloans

War boards organize War boards organize productionproduction

War Industries Board War Industries Board (WIB)(WIB) Huge bureaucracy Huge bureaucracy Manages war time Manages war time

economyeconomy Food AdministrationFood Administration

Herbert Hoover Herbert Hoover Managed food supplyManaged food supply Controlling Wheat, Meat, Controlling Wheat, Meat,

SugarSugar Railroad BoardRailroad Board Fuel AdministrationFuel Administration Shipping Board Shipping Board

(Merchant Ships)(Merchant Ships) National War Labor National War Labor

BoardBoard

Prohibition and the warProhibition and the war

War industries board WIB - huge bureaucracyWar industries board WIB - huge bureaucracy Food Administration- headed by Herbert Food Administration- headed by Herbert

HooverHoover Wanted to Wanted to limit private consumptionlimit private consumption of goods of goods

that could be used for the war effort such as: that could be used for the war effort such as: wheat, grains, and sugarwheat, grains, and sugar so that it could be so that it could be used for the war effortused for the war effort

1818thth Amendment proposed- outlaw the making Amendment proposed- outlaw the making of alcohol of alcohol

Volstead Act- federal legislation that enforces Volstead Act- federal legislation that enforces the 18the 18thth amendment amendment

8. How did the American 8. How did the American Government try to control Government try to control

Public Opinion about the war?Public Opinion about the war?

Shaping Public OpinionShaping Public Opinion In order to mobilize support for the In order to mobilize support for the

WarWar Committee Public InformationCommittee Public Information The American Government’s The American Government’s

propaganda armpropaganda arm Created to produce hatred for Created to produce hatred for

Germans and support for the war Germans and support for the war effort effort

Civil LibertiesCivil Liberties US has a history of limiting civil US has a history of limiting civil

libertiesliberties, (liberties of free speech, , (liberties of free speech, suspending Habeas Corpus)suspending Habeas Corpus)

John Adams 1798- Alien Sedition ActsJohn Adams 1798- Alien Sedition Acts Lincoln- Lincoln- Civil War- suspends Civil War- suspends Habeas Habeas

CorpusCorpus World War I Wilson pushes World War I Wilson pushes Sedition ActsSedition Acts

(limits freedom of speech)(limits freedom of speech) Web site on suspension of civil libertiesWeb site on suspension of civil liberties Espionage and Sedition ActsEspionage and Sedition Acts

Three Act “Play”Three Act “Play”

Alien Act 1798- Adams government, Alien Act 1798- Adams government, deport enemy aliensdeport enemy aliens

Espionage Act 1917 = allows for Espionage Act 1917 = allows for fines and prison for obstruction of fines and prison for obstruction of war effortwar effort

Sedition Act 1918 = allows up to 20 Sedition Act 1918 = allows up to 20 yearsyears

Civil Liberties AttackedCivil Liberties Attacked A portion of the amendment to Section 3 of the A portion of the amendment to Section 3 of the

Espionage ActEspionage Act of June 15, 1917. of June 15, 1917. SECTION 3. SECTION 3. Whoever, when the United States Whoever, when the United States

is at waris at war,…,,…, . . . the recruiting or enlistment service of the . . . the recruiting or enlistment service of the

United States, or . . . United States, or . . . shall willfully utter, print, write, or publish shall willfully utter, print, write, or publish

any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the language about the form of government of the United States, or the Constitution of the United States, or the Constitution of the United States,… United States,…

by word or act oppose the cause of the United by word or act oppose the cause of the United States therein, shall be punished by a fine of States therein, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both....not more than twenty years, or both....

Espionage and Sedition Espionage and Sedition ActsActs

The Supreme court upholds the The Supreme court upholds the Espionage and Sedition acts in the Espionage and Sedition acts in the Schenck vs. United StatesSchenck vs. United States..

Critics of the WarCritics of the War

““War to Make the World Safe for War to Make the World Safe for Armaments and Munitions Armaments and Munitions Manufacturers.” Manufacturers.”

People like Emma Goldman, Eugene People like Emma Goldman, Eugene Debs, and Jane Addams vigorously Debs, and Jane Addams vigorously criticized the decision to enter the criticized the decision to enter the war. war.

Debs will be put in prison because of Debs will be put in prison because of his viewshis views

Conscription or Selective Conscription or Selective Service ActService Act

Selective Service Act: All males 18-45 Selective Service Act: All males 18-45 were ordered to register for the draftwere ordered to register for the draft

More men who served in the war were More men who served in the war were conscripted.conscripted.

Draftees were un Unmarried, 13% Draftees were un Unmarried, 13% blackblack

24 million registered24 million registered 2.8 million drafted2.8 million drafted 2 million volunteered2 million volunteered

African Americans During African Americans During the Warthe War

Great Migration= large numbers move NorthGreat Migration= large numbers move North ““Nothing here but money, and it is not hard to Nothing here but money, and it is not hard to

get.”get.” New York/ChicagoNew York/Chicago PushPush: poor conditions, floods, race oppression: poor conditions, floods, race oppression PullPull: more economic opportunity, jobs, higher : more economic opportunity, jobs, higher

paypay Migration causes -Migration causes -hostility among other hostility among other

groups- immigrantsgroups- immigrants Segregated in military- Segregated in military-

Blacks in the MilitaryBlacks in the Military

260,000 enlist or are drafted260,000 enlist or are drafted 50,000 were sent to France- most 50,000 were sent to France- most

worked in service/menial tasksworked in service/menial tasks Some Combat regiments Some Combat regiments Segregated UnitsSegregated Units White officersWhite officers Suffer racial abuseSuffer racial abuse

American Troops FightAmerican Troops Fight

American Expeditionary Force (AEF) American Expeditionary Force (AEF) name of the US forces in Europename of the US forces in Europe

““Doughboys” nickname for Doughboys” nickname for Americans in WWIAmericans in WWI

Black Jack Pershing- American Commanding Black Jack Pershing- American Commanding GeneralGeneral

American Significance in American Significance in WarWar

1916 Russians loosing (weak, poor); 1916 Russians loosing (weak, poor); sending troops w/out weapons to the front sending troops w/out weapons to the front line; 1916 Russians pull out with treaty line; 1916 Russians pull out with treaty Brest Litovsk Brest Litovsk 19171917

1916 French mutiny, 300 killed for 1916 French mutiny, 300 killed for refusing to attack fightingrefusing to attack fighting

Trench warfare causing mass amounts of Trench warfare causing mass amounts of deaths; “No man’s land” and Machine deaths; “No man’s land” and Machine Guns, high explosives, and poison gasGuns, high explosives, and poison gas

If Germany had taken Paris they would If Germany had taken Paris they would have won, but American reinforcements (1 have won, but American reinforcements (1 million troops) stopped the Germans and million troops) stopped the Germans and save the Alliessave the Allies

American Battles American Battles

By early 1918 American troops By early 1918 American troops arrive in Francearrive in France

The AEF fight in a few important The AEF fight in a few important engagementsengagements

Chateau-ThierryChateau-Thierry Bellau WoodBellau Wood The Argonne ForrestThe Argonne Forrest St. MihielSt. Mihiel

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

Women and the WarWomen and the War

Women enter the military services Women enter the military services Secretaries, nurses, telephone Secretaries, nurses, telephone

operatorsoperators More opportunity for civilian workMore opportunity for civilian work 1 million women in industry 1 million women in industry

munitionsmunitions

ArmisticeArmistice

November 11, 1918 November 11, 1918 Germans facing invasion ask for a Germans facing invasion ask for a

negotiated end of war based on negotiated end of war based on Wilson’s Fourteen PointsWilson’s Fourteen Points

War is effectively over.War is effectively over.

The Fourteen Points andThe Fourteen Points andTreaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Wilson attempted to see his “Missionary” Wilson attempted to see his “Missionary” idealsideals in the in the settlement of the war.settlement of the war.

His “New World Order”His “New World Order” ““We entered this war because violations of right had occurred We entered this war because violations of right had occurred

which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own people impossible unless they were corrected and the world people impossible unless they were corrected and the world secured once for all against their recurrence. secured once for all against their recurrence.

What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar to What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar to ourselves. It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; ourselves. It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression.force and selfish aggression.

All the peoples of the world are in effect partners in this All the peoples of the world are in effect partners in this interest, and for our own part we see very clearly that unless interest, and for our own part we see very clearly that unless justice be done to others it will not be done to us. The program justice be done to others it will not be done to us. The program of the world's peace, therefore, is our program”of the world's peace, therefore, is our program”

““Do unto others…”Do unto others…”

Fourteen Points Fourteen Points Idealist expression of Idealist expression of

WilsonWilson To correct errors that To correct errors that

created the war and created the war and to support the to support the creation of a new creation of a new world order based on world order based on Wilson’s missionary Wilson’s missionary principlesprinciples

Contained in Contained in Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Some of the PointsSome of the Points Self Determination = Self Determination =

independence for independence for coloniescolonies

Freedom of SeasFreedom of Seas Greater freedom of Greater freedom of

tradetrade No Secret TreatiesNo Secret Treaties Reduction of armamentsReduction of armaments League of Nations to League of Nations to

solve international solve international problemsproblems

Harsh Treaty Punishes Harsh Treaty Punishes Central PowersCentral Powers

Austria-Hungary lose empireAustria-Hungary lose empire Germany loses land, pays large war Germany loses land, pays large war

debtdebt Takes full blame for the warTakes full blame for the war Turkey loses empireTurkey loses empire

Post War MapPost War Map

Ratification BattleRatification Battle Republican Senator, Henry Cabot LodgeRepublican Senator, Henry Cabot Lodge Didn’t like WilsonDidn’t like Wilson Wanted to change/weaken the League of Wanted to change/weaken the League of

Nations Covenant- (Charter) Nations Covenant- (Charter) Was concerned about American Was concerned about American

SovereigntySovereignty ImmigrationImmigration TariffsTariffs Ability use force (limited by the league)Ability use force (limited by the league)

Wanted to Weaken the Democratic PartyWanted to Weaken the Democratic Party

Wilson Commits Wilson Commits “Infanticide”“Infanticide”

Wilson would not compromise with the Wilson would not compromise with the Lodge and the Republicans in SenateLodge and the Republicans in Senate

He goes on a speaking tour to create public He goes on a speaking tour to create public pressure on the Senatepressure on the Senate

Has a massive stroke and is incapacitatedHas a massive stroke and is incapacitated The league of Nations/internationalism is The league of Nations/internationalism is

deaddead American policy and popular opinion will American policy and popular opinion will

reflect the concept of Isolationism- till reflect the concept of Isolationism- till World War IIWorld War II

Influenza Epidemic 1918Influenza Epidemic 1918

World War I claimed an estimated 16 million World War I claimed an estimated 16 million lives. lives.

The influenza epidemic that swept the world in The influenza epidemic that swept the world in 1918 killed MORE THAN 20 MILLION PEOPLE1918 killed MORE THAN 20 MILLION PEOPLE

[[an estimated 20 to 60 million peoplean estimated 20 to 60 million people]. One ]. One fifth of the world's population was attacked by fifth of the world's population was attacked by this deadly virus. this deadly virus.

Within months, it had killed more people than Within months, it had killed more people than any other illness in recorded history.any other illness in recorded history.

Web Site 1918 FluWeb Site 1918 Flu

Red ScareRed Scare

Red ScareRed Scare After the Communist Revolution in Russia andAfter the Communist Revolution in Russia and Establishment of the Communist International Establishment of the Communist International

(Comintern)(Comintern) Americans become frightened of Communism Americans become frightened of Communism

in the USin the US 1918- Anarchist mail bombing campaign 1918- Anarchist mail bombing campaign Mitchell Palmer, US Attorney General, was Mitchell Palmer, US Attorney General, was

one of the recipients- prompts hysterical one of the recipients- prompts hysterical reaction roundups of 6000 alleged radicals reaction roundups of 6000 alleged radicals 500 deported500 deported

J. Edgar Hoover is and assistant to Palmer, J. Edgar Hoover is and assistant to Palmer, (will later head the FBI)(will later head the FBI)

Red Scare Fuels Nativism Red Scare Fuels Nativism and Xenophobiaand Xenophobia

Two victims of the Red Scare were Two victims of the Red Scare were Saco and VanzettiSaco and Vanzetti Two anarchists accused of murder Two anarchists accused of murder

(not related to the bombs)(not related to the bombs) Executed in the electric chair Executed in the electric chair

(invented by Edison)(invented by Edison)