DIVISION OF TECHNOLOGY, INDUSTRY AND ECONOMICS1998 ACTIVITY REPORT

UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

Director GeneralExecutive Director

Klaus Töpfer

DeputyExecutive Director

Klaus Töpfer

Division ofEnvironmental

Assessment andEarly Warning

Division ofPolicy

Implementation

Division ofPolicy

Developmentand Law

Division ofTechnology,Industry andEconomics

Division ofRegional

Cooperation andRepresentation

Division ofEnvironmentalConventions

Director GeneralExecutive Director

Klaus Töpfer

DeputyExecutive Director

Shafqat Kakakhel

Division ofEnvironmental

Assessment andEarly Warning

Division ofPolicy

Implementation

Division ofPolicy

Developmentand Law

Division ofTechnology,Industry andEconomics

Division ofRegional

Cooperation andRepresentation

Division ofEnvironmentaConventions

UNEP’S NEW STRUCTUREIn 1998 Mr Klaus Töpfer, Executive Director of UNEP,restructured the organization. The restructuring reflects anintegrated approach to address global environmental issues.

This report focuses on the activities delivered by the Division ofTechnology, Industry and Economics (TIE) in 1998.

The TIE Division, directed by Jacqueline Aloisi de Larderel,consists of one Centre and four Units, located in Paris, Geneva,and Osaka, and coordinated from Paris:

• International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC)John Whitelaw, Director

• Production and ConsumptionFritz Balkau, Chief

• ChemicalsJim Willis, Chief

• Energy and OzonActionRajendra Shende, Chief

• Economics and TradeHussein Abaza, Chief

In addition, industry officers are delivering the activities of theTIE Division in the six UNEPregions. The UNEPRegionalOffices are: Regional Office for Africa (ROA), Regional Officefor Europe (ROE), Regional Office for Latin America and theCaribbean (ROLAC), Regional Office for North America(RONA), Regional Office for South-East Asia and the Pacific(ROAP), and Regional Office for West Asia (ROWA).

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THE TIE DIVISION — OVER VIEWCurrent uses and development of natural resources, technologies, and productionprocesses result in pollution and have negative impacts on human health and theenvironment. There is therefore a need to reorient production and consumptionpatterns. Current economic tools are not designed to integrate environmental factorsin either planning or assessment, and so they, too, need reshaping.

• The mission of the TIE Divisionis to encourage decision makers in government, industry, and business todevelop and adopt policies, strategies, and practices that are cleaner and safer,use natural resources more efficiently, and reduce pollution risks to humanbeings and the environment. This mission reflects UNEP’s commitment toprovide integrated responses to environmental problems, encourage theincorporation of environmental factors into planning and accounting, supportinternational conventions, develop and implement environmentally soundpolicies, and furnish state-of-the-art information on environmental issues.

• The TIE appr oach is to raise awareness through fostering international consensus on policies, codesof practice, and economic instruments, through capacity building andinformation exchange and by means of demonstration projects.

• The TIE strategyis based on the conviction that prevention is better than cure. Accordingly, TIEdevelops and promotes internal agreements and voluntary initiatives andfacilitates the effective and integrated implementation of existing conventionsand multilateral environmental programmes. It also promotes the adoption andtransfer of environmentally sound technologies and management practices bythe industrial sector in developing countries and countries with economies intransition. It focuses on key sectors, including Chemicals and Tourism, andworks closely with partners to catalyse activity.

‘I am convinced of the need to streamlinethe integration of environmental anddevelopment strategies to make themmore coherent …

Coherent and coordinated environmentalpolicy must stand alongside economicdevelopment and social responsibility ifwe are to meet the challenges of aglobalizing world, and in particular thechallenge of sustainable development …

We have to streamline our scientific andtechnological capacities and exerciseresponsible stewardship by changing theconsumption and production patterns ofthe developed world …

We must stimulate macroeconomiccooperation frameworks in line withtheir social and environmentalconsequences …

We need to provide reliable information,monitoring, and assessment in order totrigger the creative energies andmobilize the support of the broad rangeof world citizens’

Klaus Töpfer, Executive Director UNEP

OUTREACH

Voluntary codes of conductUNEP’s Technical Report Voluntary Industry Codes of Conduct for the Environment

• provides guidance to industry associations, governments, and others on how todevelop and implement voluntary codes of conduct (VCs);

• demonstrates what can be achieved by providing real-case examples fromcutting-edge VCs; and

• identifies how VCs can be used as a tool to contribute to sustainable development.

This 1998 publication identifies five critical factors for making VCs effective inimproving industry’s environmental performance:

• commitment—obtaining a commitment to VCimplementation;

• content—key VC elements;

• collaboration—providing mutual support andimplementation;

• checking—monitoring implementation andachievements; and

• communication—providing progress reports tooutside the industry.

Envir onmental reportingNon-reporters report, the fifth publication of UNEP’s Sustainability EngagingStakeholders Programme, was released in 1998. It considers the future ofenvironmental reporting, examines which sectors report and which do not, and askswhy so many companies choose not to report.

Industr y/Trade Associations discuss environmental strategiesUNEPconvened the 15th annual consultative meeting of senior UN officials andrepresentatives of over 50 major international and national trade associations inParis in October. The objectives were to review progress in implementingenvironmental management tools, to exchange information, and to discussemerging critical production and consumption issues. Particular attention was paidto climate change and environmental performance indicators/reporting.

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Yellow PagesUNEP’s diskette-based listing of selectedpost-1990 directories and annual/biennialtrade shows provides information onavailable environmentally soundtechnologies (ESTs) in manufacturing anddisposal/ treatment to assist userssearching for a specific EST application.

Yellow Pages, used with MicrosoftWindows®3.1 or higher, providesupdated information on ESTs andservices in the following sectors: airpollution control; water treatment; wastemanagement; recycling; energy; land andwater reclamation; noise and vibrationcontrol; monitoring; and services.

Industry and Environment reviewThe 1998 Industry and Environment reviewfeatured three themes: voluntary initiatives,the service industry, and the 5th High-LevelSeminar on Cleaner Production.

INTERNA TIONAL ENVIRONMENT ALTECHNOLOGY CENTRE (IETC) According to UN estimates, over half the world’s population will live in urban areasby the year 2005 and by 2025 the global urban population will be approximately 5.2billion, some 77 per cent of whom will be living in developing countries.

The main role of UNEP’s International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC),based in Japan and with offices in Osaka and Shiga, is to assist developingcountries and countries with economies in transition to use environmentally soundtechnologies (ESTs) in addressing urban and freshwater basin environmentalproblems. Current areas of focus include water supply, sewage, solid waste, urbansprawl, land contamination, air pollution, and noise management.

The management of freshwater basins is of prime concern to the IETC. Theavailability of freshwater resources has become critical, with over a billion peopleworldwide lacking access to adequate water supplies and close to two billionsuffering the consequences of poor sanitation. Since 99.5 per cent of all surfacefreshwater is locked away in continental ice, lakes are one of the planet’s mostimportant freshwater resources. They provide water for domestic, agricultural, andindustrial uses for much of the world’s population.

IETC’s strategy is result-oriented and demand-driven. It is based primarily onAgenda 21 which emerged from the 1992 UN Conference on Environment andDevelopment, known as the Earth Summit. It revolves around improving access toquality information on ESTs, and capacity building to improve the ability ofdecision makers to use that information.

To this end, IETC works closely with international multilateral and bilateral financialinstitutions, technical assistance organizations, other UNEPunits, and independentcorporations to develop and maintain information systems and capacity-buildinginitiatives designed to promote ESTadoption and use. It is currently closelycoordinating its activities with UNEPand INFOTERRAregional offices and theUNEPFreshwater Unit, and implementing joint activities with UNCHS, UNDP, ILO,WHO, UNIDO, UNCTAD, and the Regional Economic Commissions.

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IETC

Goals

IETC goals for the biennium 1998–99 include:

• improving the knowledge base by undertaking overviews of ESTs in prioritysectors, and implementing partnership arrangements with key ESTinformationproviders;

• making information accessible by developing and maintaining an ESTinformation system (maESTro) that meets priority needs reflected inenvironmental conventions and identified by governments, particularly in Africaand small islands developing states; and

• strengthening and improving capacity in developing countries and countries witheconomies in transition to adopt and use ESTs in the areas of freshwater andurban environmental management.

Achievements

Major IETC achievements in 1998 include:

• further development of the IETC information system, based on its informationmanagement tool maESTro;

• a report on a possible project on groundwater contamination and remediation inthe Katowice Region of Poland. The report provides a good insight into thepriorities of the region, and reveals the need for a reassessment of the proposedproject. An alternative project dealing with rebuilding the existing water andsewage infrastructures is being actively considered;

• continued support for UNCHS (Habitat) Sustainable Cities Programme (SCP)projects in Shenyang and Wuhan, China; and

• providing technical and management advice to the Philippines on the design andoperation of a domestic waste-water treatment facility, and policy and managementadvice to Sri Lanka on rapid assessment and management of urban lakes.

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IETC

1998 IETC Meetings and Workshops• February, Jakarta, Indonesia

IETC/Global Environment Centre (GEC) Symposium on ESTInformationSystems, addressing the information-system needs of developing countries in theAsian region;

• May, Osaka, JapanExpert Meeting on storm-water and waste-water management, providingguidance to the IETC in the implementation of its project on the application ofESTs and Sound Management Practices in the region. Experts from 11 countriesand 24 organizations met in ten sessions over three days to review IETCproposals for publications and training tools and to make a preliminary reviewof links between the IETC project and the proposed Sewage Clearing House,called for by governments as part of the Global Programme of Action for theProtection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities. The IETCand the World Bank are cooperating in addressing aspects of the issue, with aview to producing complementary reports;

• May, Genoa, ItalyPapers presented at the UNESCO/University of Genoa International Conference‘Integrated coastal management: Prospects for education and training in theMediterranean’;

• May, Moscow, Russian FederationInternational Congress and Exhibition ‘Water, ecology, and technology’;

• May, Otsu, Shiga, JapanFirst Meeting of National Focal Points for the Convention to CombatDesertification;

• June, Kusatsu City, Shiga, JapanMini IETC/International Lake Environment Committee Symposium tocommemorate World Environment Day: ‘Thinking of global problems throughthe protection of water for life’;

• August, Wuhan, ChinaTripartite Meeting on Sustainable Development (IETC/UNCHS/Wuhan citygovernment), reviewing SCPprogress;

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maESTro

maESTro, the new information platformdeveloped by IETC and based onWindows NT4, SOL Server6.5, and theinternational standard DirectoryInterchange Format (DIF), allows arapid response to the demands placedon IETC as an international ESTdatabase provider.

Involving partnerships with 110information providers, maESTrocurrently contains data on over 1100technologies, 467 institutions involvedwith ESTs, and 92 information systemsproviding EST information. It canfurnish over 100 users at a time withfaster access to regular databaseupdates and is accessible throughfloppy diskette, CD–ROM, and directlythrough the Internet.

maESTro was chosen as thenetworking tool for the NationalAppropriate Technology InformationServices network (NATIS), based inAfrica, which facilitates ESTinformation exchange—participatingcountries include Ethiopia, Kenya,South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda,

IETC

IETC

• September, Budapest, HungaryExpert Round Table on the application of EMS principles to urban management,in collaboration with the local Regional Environmental Centre. Trainingmodules to guide urban managers will be tested on a regional basis in early1999; and

• November, Montego Bay, JamaicaRegional workshop, in collaboration with UNEPCAR/RCU, on adopting,applying, and operating ESTs for domestic sewage in the wider Caribbean region.

Publications

1998 IETC Publications include:

Three numbers of IETC’s INSIGHTnewsletter in English and Japanese (June,September, and December)

Principles of municipal solid-waste management—Proceedings of a seminar, IETCReport 2, Osaka/Shiga

Environmental Technology Assessment (EnTA) in Sub-Saharan Africa—AUNEPEnTA leadership training programme,IETC Report 3, Osaka/Shiga

International Shiga Forum on technology for water management in the 21stcentury, Shiga, 25–27 November 1996—Proceedings,IETC Report 4, Osaka/Shiga

Five Sourcebooks of alternative technologies for freshwater augmentation,IETCTechnical Publication 8, Osaka/Shiga. The five sourcebooks cover five regions:Africa, East and Central Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Small islanddeveloping states, and some Asian countries

Technology needs for lake management in Indonesia—Investigation of RawaDanau and Rawa Pening,IETC Technical Publication 9

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IETC

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PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTIONReducing the environmental consequences of industrial development and thepollution arising from an ever greater consumption of goods and services requiresbetter understanding of the driving forces behind those trends. More attention mustbe paid to enhancing the resource efficiency of industry, adopting cleaner and safermethods of production, and improving the design and life-cycle of products.

TIE Production and Consumption, formerly Industry and Environment, works withinternational agencies, industry associations, and institutes, to promote globalawareness and understanding of cleaner and safer production technologies and todevelop environmental management approaches by:

• addressing key industry sectors with high environmental and safety impacts;

• assisting ESTtransfer through information exchange, capacity building, and thedevelopment of sound environmental management procedures;

• ensuring the integration and coordinated implementation of environmentalconventions and agreements; and

• establishing and maintaining international expert working groups and links withtechnical and expert bodies in key industry sectors.

Safer production (APELL)

Fifty-six participants from some 30 countries, together with representatives fromten international organizations and key industry associations, attended the 6thMeeting of the Senior-Level Expert Advisory Group, held at Rosersberg, Sweden,7–9 December, to mark the 10th anniversary of UNEP’s international cooperativeprogramme Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level (APELL).Stressing the need to ensure broad stakeholder participation and to focus on localactivities tailored to national and local circumstances, the meeting evaluatedprogress, identified objectives, and recommended programme activities.

National APELL seminars were held in Jiaxing, China (April) and Trinidad andTobago (October), and a consultative meeting was organized in Madagascar(September). These workshops triggered the APELL process locally, and in thecase of Jiaxing, throughout Zhejiang Province. Diagnostic missions were arranged

PRODUCTION AND

CONSUMPTION

Rosersberg recommendationsAPELL should be:

• implemented more broadly via peakgovernmental, industry, andprofessional organizations, localcommunity associations, and NGOs;

• incorporated into chemicalsmanagement, environmental healthprogrammes, and local Agenda 21initiatives;

• promoted among APELL partners andcommunities worldwide via improvedcommunications mechanisms andfacilities; and

• continually emphasized even whereserious industrial/environmentaldisasters have not occurred.

in China (Shenyang) and Argentina (Bahía Blanca). Preparations for a regionalSouthern Africa workshop are under way to initiate capacity building and developa regional APELL network. A number of technical publications were prepared tosupport the APELL programme worldwide and assist local implementation.

Cleaner production (CP)More than 200 representatives from over 50 countries attended the 5th InternationalHigh-Level Seminar on Cleaner Production, held at Phoenix Park, South Korea, 29September–1 October, to mark the tenth anniversary of the CPprogramme and alsothe launch of The International Declaration on Cleaner Production.

The Declaration, developed by UNEPover the past two years with extensiveparticipation, was signed at the seminar by 13 ministers and senior governmentrepresentatives and by 13 business leaders. It identifies six key principles to secureCleaner Production: leadership; awareness, education, and training; integration;research and development; communication; and implementation. Signatoriescommit themselves to adopting a preventive strategy, environmental performancetargets, and to regular reporting of their achievements towards CPgoals.

Five new UNIDO/UNEPNational Cleaner Production Centres (NCPCs) wereestablished in 1998 (in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and VietNam), bringing the number of such centres to 15. Pilot activities, with a totalbudget of US$4.5 million, are being organized in conjunction with NCPCs inGuatemala, Nicaragua, Tanzania, Viet Nam, and Zimbabwe as part of a newproject, supported by the Norwegian government, to increase CPinvestment indeveloping countries.

UNEPhelped develop regional strategies and networks to promote CPcommitmentby encouraging links between existing groups in Africa, Asia and the Pacific,Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean.

Industrial pollution managementOver 35 industrial estate managers and environmental specialists from 14 countriesattended a workshop in October in Singapore, supported by the government ofCanada and convened jointly by UNEPand the local Regional Institute ofEnvironmental Technology. Participants analysed case studies from around the

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PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

‘The International Declaration onCleaner Production will promoteresource productivity and provide amajor boost towards reducing pollutioncreated in the production andconsumption of goods and servicesworldwide’

Klaus Töpfer, Executive Director UNEP,in his key note address to the CP5Phoenix Park Seminar, South Korea

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PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

PRODUCTION AND

CONSUMPTION

world, concluding that management tools (impact assessment, pollutionmodelling, and waste auditing and monitoring) are insufficiently used by estatemanagers and that there is a need for further awareness-raising training andinformation exchange. A French consultation version of UNEPTechnical Report39, Environmental Management of Industrial Estates, co-sponsored by UNEPandthe French environmental association Orée, was launched in November at theinternational industrial fair, POLLUTEC, in Lyon, France.

An Expert Workshop on Environmental Impact Assessment for Industry Managers(EIA) was held at UNEPTIE headquarters in Paris, 30 November–2 December.The meeting reviewed current EIAuse in industry and its role in providingenvironmental guidance throughout the entire project cycle, examined links withother environmental management tools and systems, and reviewed current EIAteaching and training in institutions and companies.

Work continued with the International Fertilizer Association (IFA) on several newpublications and on arrangements for a forthcoming European regional seminar onfertilizer production and the environment.

TourismOver 100 representatives from 40 island states, together with representatives frominternational and regional organizations, attended a UNEP/WTO InternationalConference, supported by the French government, on ‘Sustainable Tourism inSmall Island Developing States and Other Islands’, in Lanzarote, Canary Islands,Spain, 25–28 October. Participants discussed challenges for sustainable tourismpolicies in small islands (where tourism is a key economic sector and is developingand evolving rapidly), pooled experiences, and made proposals for discussion atforthcoming 1999 meetings of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development.

Work continued on the preparation of a report on Tourism and Environmental Protectionfor the Seventh Session of the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD7).

Sustainable consumption (SC)Activities on Sustainable Consumption began in 1998, principally to develop abetter understanding of the forces that drive consumption. Better understanding canlead to cost-effective and environmentally sound improvements in products,services, and infrastructure, and a better quality of life in all countries.

Mining and offshore exploitationA new Internet information system,funded by the Dutch government, waslaunched in 1998 to provide easieraccess to environmental information ofconcern to the mining sector:UNEP/UNCTAD Mineral ResourcesForum (http://www.natural-resources.org/environment).

Several new training and technicalpublications dealing with this sectorwere released and an internationalseminar on risk management andemergency response at mine sites wasorganized in Buenos Aires, Argentina, inNovember by the UNEP/ICME WorkingGroup on Environmental Protection.

An environmental Internet forum for theoffshore oil and gas sector, co-sponsored by UNCTAD, WWF, E&PForum, and the Dutch, Norwegian, andBrazilian governments, was alsolaunched in 1998: Offshore Oil and GasEnvironment Forum (http://www.natural-resources.org/offshore).

‘Many appropriate environmentaltechnologies and related managementpractices already exist. What is neededis their widespread use.’

Jacqueline Aloisi de Larderel, Director UNEPTIE, Lanzarote, October 1998

Increased dialogue, training, and capacity building, especially among producersand governments in developing countries, were considered at several planningmeetings with the German Carl Duisberg Gesellschaft (CDG). Preparatory workhas begun, in conjunction with UN/DESA, on support for the growing network oforganizations dedicated to SC promotion and on identifying the role played byadvertising and marketing.

With support from the US, Swiss, Dutch, and Japanese governments, the currentstatus of Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) activities worldwide was reviewed bymeans of a series of meetings, studies, and reports. In June 1998, a UNEPworkshop ‘Towards a Global Use of LCA’ was held in San Francisco, USA. Over40 participants from developed and developing countries made recommendationsdesigned to enhance the benefits of LCAto potential users. In November, morethan 100 participants attended a joint UNEP/AIST/NEDO Symposium on LCAforAsia and the Pacific held in Tsukuba, Japan, with the support of the JapaneseMinistry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). The symposium concludedthat LCAis a valuable tool for identifying new business opportunities, providedthe methodology is made more ‘client-friendly’in line with recommendationscontained in the final report.

Query response serviceIn 1998, Production and Consumption responded to some 3000 queries, over a thirdof which involved substantial information searches and tailor-made responses.

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PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

1998 PublicationsCleaner production: A guide to sources ofinformation. Paris. UNEP

Cleaner production and eco-efficiency:Complementary approaches tosustainable development. UNEP/WBCSD

Cleaner Production in Asia and the Pacific.UNEP/Thailand Environment Institute

LPG Gas safety: Guidelines for goodsafety practice in the LPG Gas industry.UNEP/World LPG Association

ICPIC Diskette Version 3

Mine rehabilitation for environmental andhealth protection: A training manual.UNEP/WHO

Vertedero de residuos industrialespeligrosos: Manual de formación, Spanishversion of UNEP IE Technical Report 17.Mexico. UNEP ROLAC

Guide de management environnementaldes zones d’activités francophones.Consultation version. UNEP/ORÉE

Case studies on tailings management.UNEP/ICME

Cleaner production in pulp and papermills: A training resource package. Paris.UNEP

TransAPELL: Guidance for dangerousgoods emergency planning in a localcommunity, UNEP Technical Report 35.Consultation version. Paris

The Apell Newsletter, 17. Paris. UNEP

Cleaner Production, 14. Paris. UNEP

Tourism Focus, 10. Paris. UNEP

CHEMICALSChemical production and use are crucial components of virtually every sector ofthe global economy, and all of us come into daily contact with some of the 100000chemicals currently in use around the world. Many are benign, at least at the levelsat which we are usually exposed to them, but a significant number present risks tohuman health and to the environment.

While life on Earth necessarily involves the continued production, trade, and use ofchemicals, certain aspects of hazardous chemical commerce, use, release, anddisposal require concerted global action to ensure we reduce or eliminate the risksthey pose to human health and sustainable development.

UNEPGoverning Council established Chemicals as a leading body for thepromotion of chemical safety. Based in Geneva, Switzerland, and building on thesolid technical foundations of the former International Register of Potentially ToxicChemicals (IRPTC), it is the primary focus for all activities undertaken by UNEPto ensure the sound global management of hazardous chemicals. Its staff ofprofessionals have a 21-year track-record in promoting chemical safety by ensuringcountries have the information, expertise, and resources to produce, use, manage,and dispose of chemicals safely, and by catalyzing global action (such as treatydevelopment and implementation). To achieve these goals, Chemicals worksclosely with other UN agencies within the UN Conference on Environment andDevelopment (UNCED).

Within this framework, Chemicals has concentrated over the last two years on twoareas in particular:

• negotiation, together with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN(FAO) of the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Convention for Certain HazardousChemicals in International Trade (known as the Rotterdam Convention), and theoperation of the interim Convention Secretariat; and

• convening an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) to develop alegally binding instrument to implement international action on PersistentOrganic Pollutants (POPs) and promoting activities aimed at reducing oreliminating the release of POPs into the environment.

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Chemicals

• is the main catalytic force in the UNsystem for concerted global actionon the environmentally soundmanagement of chemicals;

• is an important and growing force inhelping countries build their nationalcapacities for the soundmanagement of chemicals;

• promotes and disseminates state-of-the-art information on chemical safety;

• builds and strengthens partnershipswith governments,Intergovernmental Organizations(IGOs), and Non/GovernmentalOrganizations (NGOs) to ensureadequate resources and proceduresfor promoting the soundmanagement of chemicals;

• acts continually to improve thequality of its products, the customerfocus of its activities, and theintegrity of its management systemsto ensure the best product at thelowest possible cost; and

• communicates and promotes its workin chemical safety to ensure that theresults it obtains are made availableto the greatest number of customers.

CHEMICALS

The Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedurePIC is a procedure, implemented jointly by UNEPand the Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations (FAO), that helps participating countries learnmore about the characteristics of potentially hazardous chemicals, initiates adecision-making process on the future import of these chemicals by the countriesconcerned, and facilitates the dissemination of the decisions taken.

The Rotterdam Convention on Harmful Chemicals and Pesticides, the outcome ofnegotiations dating back to 1996, covers a list of five industrial chemicals and 22pesticides, including aldrin, DDT, dieldrin, lindane, mercury compounds, andPCBs. Hundreds of others are likely to be added in the future. The Conventionrequires that hazardous chemicals and pesticides banned or severely restricted in atleast two participating countries may not be exported without express permissionfrom the importer country. Countries are also obligated under the Convention tocease national production of pesticides that are too hazardous to be used byfarmers in developing countries.

During the course of 1998, Chemicals promoted this procedure by:

• convening, jointly with FAO, the 5th session of the INC for an InternationalLegally Binding Instrument for the Application of the PIC Procedure (this washeld in March in Brussels, Belgium, and was attended by representatives of 95governments—the INC adopted a final text of the instrument at that session);

• convening in September the Conference of Plenipotentiaries for the adoptionand signing of the Rotterdam Convention. The Conference adopted theRotterdam Convention which was adopted by 100 countries and signed by 61 ofthem and the EC. It will be open for signature at UN headquarters for one year;

• establishing, jointly with FAO, the Interim Joint Secretariat for the RotterdamConvention; and

• until the Convention enters into force, promoting its implementation on avoluntary basis in accordance with the Resolution on Interim Arrangementstaken by the Conference of Plenipotentiaries.

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CHEMICALS

‘Thousands of people are killed orseriously poisoned by toxic pesticidesand chemicals every year. The newlyagreed PIC treaty will provided a firstline of defence against future tragediesby preventing unwanted imports ofdangerous chemicals, particularly indeveloping countries.’

Klaus TöpferExecutive Director UNEP

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)Evidence about the likely health effect of POPs is growing, and effects can includecancer, allergies, and diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems andthe immune system. POPs remain in the environment and can, through a repeated(and often seasonal) process of release and deposit, be carried to regions far fromtheir original source. They are also transported via living organisms since, thoughinsoluble in water, they are readily absorbed in fatty issue, where concentrationscan become magnified by up to 70000 times background levels.

It is expected that the POPs Convention negotiation process will be finalized in theyear 2000. During 1998, Chemicals promoted the reduction of POPimpacts by:

• organizing and convening the first INC session for the development of the POPsconvention, Montreal, Canada (June–July 1998)—the second session isscheduled for February 1999 in Geneva, Switzerland;

• convening the first session of the Criteria Expert Group, established at theMontreal INC session, to develop a process and science-based criteria foridentifying additional POPs to add to the future POPs instrument, Bangkok,Thailand (October 1998)—the original list consisted of 12 specified POPs:aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, endrin, chlordane, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, toxaphene,heptachlor, OCBs, dioxins, and furans;

• together with the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS),organizing and publishing the proceedings of a series of Regional/Sub-RegionalAwareness-raising workshops, attended by Government experts on chemicalsafety from 138 countries;

• producing assessment reports, studies and strategic plans to address POPsemissions, use, trade, releases, and alternatives;

• assisting countries in the identification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) inuse, in stockpiles, and in waste, and in developing safe elimination strategies for PCBs;

• supporting the development and implementation of Global Environment Facility(GEF) projects to assist countries in managing POPs problems; and

• establishing databases and an Information Clearinghouse on POPs.

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CHEMICALS

POPs Awareness-raising workshops 1997–98

CISSt Petersburg, Russian FederationJuly 1997

Asia and the PacificBangkok, Thailand November 1997

West AfricaBamako, MaliDecember 1997

Latin America and the Caribbean (North)Cartagena, ColombiaJanuary 1998

East and Southern AfricaLusaka, ZambiaMarch 1998

South America Puerto Iguazu, Argentina April 1998

Central and Eastern EuropeKranjska Gora, SloveniaMay 1998

West AsiaAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates June 1998

The proceedings of all these workshopsare available from Chemicals.

CHEMICALS

Other activitiesDuring 1998, Chemicals, as an integral part of its key capacity-building work:

• continued to produce and disseminate, jointly with the OECD, ScreeningInformation Data Sets (SIDS) on high production volume (HVP) chemicals;

• published an updated PC version of the IRPTC databank, holding extensivesafety data on over 800 chemicals;

• together with OECD, held workshops on New Chemical Systems, in Mexico,April 1998, and Argentina, October 1998;

• co-sponsored, with the UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) andthe OECD, a Conference on the International Pollutant Release and TransferRegister (PRTR), Tokyo, Japan, September 1998;

• continued to implement the Chemical Management Capacity Building Projectfor Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries;

• responded to over 200 enquiries from governments and others through theQuery-Response Service; and

• participated in over 20 capacity-building workshops on chemicals management,covering such topics as risk assessment,. the development of nationalinformation systems, chemicals legislation, the reduction and elimination ofPOPreleases, and the operation of the PIC procedure.

Databases

IRPTC Database, PC Version 2.0 (1996), 10 diskettes and Instruction Manual (91000 records on safety data on over 8000 chemicals)

Selection of POPs Alternatives Expert System: Internet version, May 1998;Windows version, December 1998

Internet Database of Country-Specific Data (Survey results), October 1998

Internet Database of National POPs Action Plans, June 1998

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CHEMICALS

1998 PublicationsBooklet containing the Rotterdam Conventionand annexes in all languages

Report of the First Session of the CriteriaExpert Group for Persistent Organic Pollutants

Report on the Status of Implementation of theCode of Ethics on the International Trade inChemicals

Proceedings of Regional/Sub-regionalAwareness-Raising Workshops on POPs

Overview of Outcomes from POPs AwarenessRaising Workshop Working Groups

Regulatory Actions and Guidelines ConcerningPOPs

Inventory of Information Sources on POPs

Inventory of Available Destruction Capacity forPCBs

Global Map of Exposures and Sources of POPs

Guide for Selecting Replacements for POPsPesticides (planned for 1999)

Inventories of Dioxins/Furans Sources

Global Opportunities for Reducing the Use ofLeaded Gasoline

Report of the Smithsonian EndocrineDisrupters Workshop

(jointly with OECD) Screening Information DataSets (SIDS) for high production volume (HVP)chemicals, vols 1–4

(jointly with IPCS) Concise InternationalChemical Assessment Documents (CIDADs)

Chemicals Newsletter, vol. 2, nos 1–2

Inventory of Information Sources onChemicals (IISC) (reprint)

Internet Guide: Finding Information on Chemicals

IRPTC Legal File (1998–99): InternationalEnvironmental Guidelines and GlobalConventions Concerning Chemical Substances

ENERGY AND OZONACTIONOzonActionOzonAction is an ‘enabling’programme that supports the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in developing countries though its InformationClearinghouse and capacity-building services. OzonAction is funded principally bythe Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol onSubstances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, with additional support for specificprojects provided by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Government ofSweden, and the Government of Finland.

National Ozone UnitsOzonAction strategy is to build local expertise through the establishment ofNational Ozone Units in developing countries and countries with economies intransition by providing them with the information and management tools theyneed, and promoting low-cost phase-out of ODS.

TrainingTraining takes place at a regional level and support is also offered to nationalactivities. It is aimed at building skills to implement phase-out activities.

Information exchangeInformation exchange helps build awareness and assists with identifying, selecting,and implementing alternative technologies, equipment, and services. It promotesunderstanding and designs instruments to control ODS use and importation through:

• a policy mentor network that matches developed country policy experts withtheir developing country counterparts to provide support for policydevelopments designed to meet the 1999 freeze;

• a methyl bromide information kit made up of posters, a general informationbooklet, and a public-service video announcement;

• a technical brochure on methyl bromide alternatives (Number 6 in the seriesProtecting the Ozone Layer);

• a brochure on UNEPTIE’s assistance to countries with economies in transitionon the implementation of ozone-protection projects;

• a user’s guide, entitled Making Good Decisions, on how National Ozone Unitsand industry can make the best use of information provided by OzonAction;

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Training programmes in 1998

• National Train the Trainer Workshopson Good Practices in Refrigeration(Bahamas, Guatemala, Guyana, Peru,St Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago)

• Training Programme for Recovery andRecycling of Refrigerants (Namibia)

• Regional Survey and Workshop onMethyl Bromide (Caribbean andFrench-Speaking Africa)

• Methyl Bromide AlternativesWorkshop for North Africa andEuropean Countries (Italy)

• Regional Workshop on Monitoringand Control of ODS Consumption(Central Europe and Latin Americaand the Caribbean)

• Regional Project to assist countrieswith economies in transition incomplying with the Provisions of theMontreal Protocol

OzonAction Training Tools, 1998

Guidebook for Implementation of Codesof Good Practice, Refrigeration Sector

ODS Import/Export Licensing SystemsResource Module

Workshop/training course reports

ENERGY ANDOZONACTION

• four issues of the quarterly newsletter OzonActionand one special supplementdistributed to more than 15000 readers in five languages (English, French,Spanish, Chinese, and Arabic);

• the OzonAction Programme home page on the World Wide Web, which includeson-line versions of the OzonActionnewsletter in French, English, and Spanish(175000 requests have been received to date from over 12500 users);

• a policy document developed jointly with the Stockholm Environment Institute:Government strategies to phase out ODS: Four case studies from Nordic countries;

• twenty-one targeted information papers on technology updates, legislation, codesof good practice and standards, and contacts and Ozone Focal Points;

• updates of four sourcebooks on ozone-layer protection technologies, each coveringa specific industrial sector: aerosols, foams, refrigeration, and solvents;

• Version 6 of the OzonAction Information Clearinghouse diskette(OAICDV), adatabase reference tool for National Ozone Units;

• a collection of more than 250 existing case studies covering all sectors, whichincludes some produced jointly with USEPA, the Solvents Technical OptionsCommittee, and JICOP;

• continued information support for halon banks and the transfer of recycledhalons for critical uses in developed and developing countries through theInternational Recycled Halon Bank Management Information Clearinghouse;

• one video, entitled Back to the future: Using hydrocarbons safely, available inthree languages (English, French, and Spanish); and

• responses to approximately 5400 technical/policy queries and publication requests.

Refrigerant Management Plans (RMPs)The preparation of RMPs is aimed at assisting low-volume ODS consumercountries (LVCs) to phase out ODS use through a sectoral approach.

NetworkingNetworking provides a platform for the exchange of experiences, development ofskills, and sharing of expertise among peers and other experts in the global ozone-protection community. The Programme currently operates seven regional and sub-regional Networks of ODS Officers covering more than 90 countries and these haveled to member countries taking early steps to implement the Montreal Protocol.

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ENERGY AND OZONACTION

Refrigerant Management Plans

In 1998, OzonAction:

• assisted Antigua and Barbuda,Burundi, Dominica, Moldova, and StVincent and the Grenadines incompleting Refrigerant ManagementPlans (RMPs);

• provided ongoing assistance toBolivia, Chad, Fiji, Gambia, Jamaica,Mali, Nepal, Panama, Senegal, Syria,Uruguay, and Western Somoa inpreparing RMPs;

• initiated RMPs in Viet Nam and Yemen;

• cooperated with UNDP to implementthe RMPs for Bahamas, Bahrain,Gabon, and Trinidad and Tobago, andis cooperating with EnvironmentCanada to do the same for Guyana, StLucia and St Kitts and Nevis, as wellas Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, andUzbekistan; and

• obtained approval for a GTZ-fundedregional project to develop RMPs in 14Southern and East-African countries.

Regional and sub-regional networks of ODS officers

• Caribbean (10 countries, plus participation by Canada,the UK and the US)

• English-speaking Africa (20 countries, plus participation by Denmark and South Africa)

• French-speaking Africa (19 countries, plus participation by France andSwitzerland)

• Latin America Central (9 countries, plus participation by Canada and the US)

• Latin America South (10 countries, plus participation by Canada, Switzerland,and the US)

• South Asia (11 countries; other participation to be determined)

• South-East Asia and the Pacific (10 countries, with assistance from thegovernment of Sweden and participation by Australia, New Zealand, and Sweden)

• West Asia (7 countries, plus participation by France and Germany).

Country Programmes and Institutional-Strengthening ProjectsCountry Programmes and Institutional-Strengthening Projects are conducted tostrengthen national capacities to coordinate and monitor phase-out activities. At theend of 1998, OzonAction has a portfolio of 79 UNEP-assisted Country Programmesfor LVCs and is involved in implementing 67 Institutional-Strengthening projects.

EnergyThe energy programme, launched in 1996 to address the environmental impact ofincreasing global energy consumption, has four main goals:

• to promote energy-efficient technologies and policies, and the use of energyresources with low environmental impact;

• to provide state-of-the-art information to decision makers in government andindustry to enhance their capacity to incorporate environmental principles inenergy-sector analysis;

• to analyse the environmental and social impacts of institutional restructuring inthe energy sector; and

• to assist developing countries and countries with economies in transition to planand implement environmentally sustainable energy and transport policies,practices, and investments in line with climate-change issues.

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ENERGY AND OZONACTION

ENERGY ANDOZONACTION

These goals are pursued in close cooperation with other UNEPunits, UN and othergovernment agencies, NGOs, and private partners.

The energy programme, now part of TIE, is implemented jointly with the UNEPCollaborating Centre on Energy and the Environment (UCCEE) at the RisøNational Laboratory in Denmark. Studies published in 1998 include ClimateChange Cooperation in Southern Africa.

UCCEE has continued to develop strategies to focus on priority areas. In May,over 200 experts from around the world attended four regional workshopsorganized by UCCEE as part of the joint UNEP/GEF project on the Economics ofGreenhouse Gas Limitation—in Africa (Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe), Asia (Goa,India), Latin America (Quito, Ecuador), and Eastern Europe (Eger, Hungary). Alleight national surveys conducted by the project will be completed and their reportspublished by March 1999.

In collaboration with the International Energy Agency (IEA), UNDP, UNCTAD,and the Stockholm Environment Institute, UCCEE also organized a series ofregional meetings and workshops —in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Europe—on ‘New Partnerships for Sustainable Development: The Clean DevelopmentMechanism under the Kyoto Protocol’. Those meetings, designed to help countriesprepare for the Fourth Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Conventionon Climate Change (COP4), held in Buenos Aires in November, were attended byover 400 participants.

With sponsorship from the Danish International Development Agency (Danida), aUCCEE project group is preparing a detailed report for the UN Committee on Newand Renewable Sources of Energy on the present status and future prospects forwind energy. A summary report was prepared earlier this year and negotiations areunder way for the publication of the full text in early 1999.

Together with the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, WWF,the Keidanren, and ICC, UNEPorganized a high-level workshop and briefingsession on Voluntary Climate-Change Initiatives as part of the run-up to COP4.

20

ENERGY AND OZONACTION

The African Regional meeting on TheClean Development Mechanism, heldat Accra, Ghana, 21–24 September wasattended by 80 experts fromuniversities, research institutions,industries, and NGOs. The meeting,opened by the Ghanaian Minister forScience, Technology and theEnvironment, Mr J. E. Afful, wassponsored by the Danish InternationalDevelopment Agency (Danida) andhosted by the local Ghana EnvironmentProtection Agency. A report, publishedby UNEP and Danida, was distributedat COP4.

ECONOMICS AND TRADEThe role of UNEPin the field of economics, trade, and the environment is toencourage countries —and in particular developing countries and countries witheconomies in transition— to integrate environmental considerations into theirdevelopment planning, macroeconomic policies, trade, and financial services.Economics and Trade also works to raise the level of environmental awarenessacross the sector, fostering theconsideration of the environment and sustainabledevelopment in all trade and credit decisions.

Economics and Trade develops assessment tools in economics, trade, and financialservices. It also sponsors research, produces training materials, and organizesmeetings of expert groups, involving institutions and individuals from developingcountries and countries with economies in transition, in order to:

• provide technical and policy advice on the design and application of market-based initiatives to increase policy efficiency and cost effectiveness;

• furnish ongoing advice and assist in the preparation of training and educationalmaterials to enable governments to include environmental impact assessment,environmental valuation, and environmental and natural-resource accounting intheir economic analyses and their national policies;

• enhance bilateral and international cooperation to meet regional and globalenvironmental challenges;

• analyse economic and other environmental links between trade and environmentpolicies, international agreements, trade, and market regulation to maximize thecoherence and coordination of international environmental agreements;

• promote awareness and understanding of environmental considerations andensure these are integrated into investment and lending policies;

• assist developing countries and countries with economies in transition in theassessment of the suitability of environmental risk tools to their financialinstitutions and the promotion of their use; and

• facilitate environmentally responsible investments within the financial services sector.

21

ECONOMICSAND TRADE

EconomicsActivities during 1998, included:

Environmental impact assessment (EIA)• Convening a technical session on EIATraining and the UNEPEIA Training

Resource Manualand a meeting of the UNEPInternational Working Group,both held in April in Christchurch, New Zealand. These meetings, held inconjunction with the annual meeting of the International Association for ImpactAssessment, were used to review and assess formal and informal applications ofthe manual and identify future tasks;

• assisting the Ugandan National Environmental Management Authority inpreparing a project proposal on EIAcapacity building, and approaching theWorld Bank for funding;

• editing the final reports of workshops in Honduras, Hungary, Uganda, and Viet Nam;

• providing a presentation to a national EIAseminar, held in May in the Sultanateof Oman, on the relevance of EIAto achieving sustainable development; and

• collaborating with the World Bank and the IUCN in convening a RegionalStakeholders Workshop on EIACapacity Building for Sub-Saharan Africa inJuly at UNEPheadquarters in Nairobi, Kenya.

Valuation of environmental and natural resources• Preparing a compendium, published in November, of country-case studies on the

practical application of valuation methodologies in specific sectors in a numberof developing countries and countries with economies in transition.

Environmental and natural-resource accounting (ERA)• Revising the operational ERAmanual in line with the third review conducted by

the International Working Group on Resource Accounting established by UNEPin partnership with UNSD, the World Bank, UNDP, Eurostat, and the WWF;

• providing technical input for an Economic Commission for Africa ERAseminarfor African countries, co-sponsored by UNEPand the WWF, in October in AddisAbaba, Ethiopia; and

• continuing to work on preparing and publishing the ERAmanual.

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ECONOMICS AND TRADE

Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) workshops/meetings, 1998

• Regional Workshop for the Latin-American Region, Mangaratiba, Brazil,28–29 April (jointly with the IEA)

• Regional Workshop for the AsiaRegion, New Delhi, India, 11–13 May (jointly with the IEA)

• CDM Panel Discussion on addressingcritical CDM issues, Nairobi, Kenya, May

• Workshop on ‘New Partnerships forSustainable Development: The CleanDevelopment Mechanism under theKyoto Protocol’, Paris, France, 7–8October (with the IEA)

• Meeting of Experts, Barbados, 29–31 October

• Launch of four CDM Working Groupsto prepare a report, in response to arequest from the Braziliangovernment, providing options andclarifying issues related to thetechnical, financial, trade, andinstitutional aspects of the CDM,Ottawa, Canada, 22–23 September(jointly with UNCTAD)

• 2nd Meeting of the CDM WorkingGroups, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1 November

Economic instruments• Implementing two sets of interrelated country studies;

• convening the 2nd Meeting of the UNEP/UNCTAD Working Group to reviewand provide guidance to national collaborating institutions on the preparation ofstudies and the implementation of recommendations;

• sponsoring, jointly with IEAand a number of other agencies, regional CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM) workshops and consultation meetings;

• editing and publishing in October Instruments of change: Motivating andfinancing sustainable development, an analysis of the design and best use ofinstruments in both developed and developing countries;

• preparing and publishing in November a compendium of country-case studies onthe practical application of economic instruments in specific sectors in a numberof developing countries and countries with economies in transition; and

• preparing two further publications: Internalization of environmental costsandThe application of economic instruments in Brazil, China, and Korea.

TradeIn the course of 1998, Economics and Trade undertook research and provideddecision makers with information to help them integrate environmental and tradepolicies, by:

• finalizing, as part of a project financed by the government of The Netherlands,five studies on specific issues related to the effectiveness and the economicimpact on three multilateral agreements (CITES, the Basel Convention, and theMontreal Protocol) of the implementation of trade measures. A steering groupwas established to discuss the framing of the five reports and the questions theyraised. A final project report, Policy effectiveness and multilateral environmentalagreementswas published in December;

• completing a project addressing the environmental impacts on supplierdeveloping countries of potential changes in consumption patterns in developedconsumer countries. The final report includes case studies on cotton in Pakistan,copper in Zambia, electronics in the Philippines, and tourism in Costa Rica;

• publishing a study entitled Subsidies, overfishing, and trade;

• finalizing a project analysing the environmental impacts on the mining sector of tradeliberalization in Chile. The report is currently being edited for publication in ETS;

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ECONOMICS AND TRADE

Country studies underimplementation

Two sets of country studies arecurrently being implemented inBangladesh, India, the Philippines,Romania, and Uganda:

Set Iinvolving practical strategies for theintegration of environmentalconsiderations in macroeconomicpolicies, including trade policies; and

Set IIcovering the design andimplementation of economicinstruments in specific sectors.

The lessons learned from country-casestudies will contribute to the proposedinternational process to promote theuse and application of economicinstruments, since they demonstratethe practical applications of differentinstruments and show how best toapply them.

Initial meetings have been held in eachof the five countries with theparticipation of the mainstakeholders—including governmentministers, representatives fromindustry, NGOs, the World Bank, theIMF, UNDP, and academic institutions.

ECONOMICSAND TRADE

• preparing, at the request of several members of the WTO Committee on Tradeand the Environment, a study examining the origins, evolution, andimplementation of common environmental principles; and

• preparing, in close collaboration with the WTO Economic Research andAnalysis Division, a joint UNEP/WTO study on economic analyses of trade andenvironment policies.

Financial servicesDuring 1998, Economics and Trade furnished policy makers and UNEPpartners inthe financial community with information to assist them in integratingenvironmental considerations into all decision making. To that end, the Unit:

• continued to promote the UNEPStatement by Financial Institutions on theEnvironment and Sustainable Development (over 140 signatories to date) andthe Statement of Environmental Commitment by the Insurance Industry (morethan 80 signatories);

• organized and convened in June the 3rd Annual Meeting of the InsuranceInitiative, in Cologne, Germany;

• convened financial outreach meetings with banks in Spain (April), Italy (June), theUS (October), Norway (October), and Costa Rica (November), and a joint briefingsession, during the 4th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Conventionon Climate Change (COP4) in Buenos Aires in November, on the role of banksand insurance companies in the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol;

• convened the 4th Global Meeting on Banks and the Environment, at whichfurther work was approved and a position paper drafted for submission to COP4on the role of banks in the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol;

• initiated a joint project with UNCTAD on the development of training material,and convened three workshops (in Brazil, Egypt, and Thailand) onenvironmental accounting and reporting at the corporate level;

• prepared, under the Insurance Initiative, Creating a standard for a corporateCO2 indicator; completed for COP4 the executive summary of The KyotoProtocol: Implications for the insurance industry; and, jointly with ROE,published Financial services and the environment: Questions and answers; and

• prepared and distributed a number of reports and four issues of the FinancialServices Newsletter.

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ECONOMICS AND TRADE

Financial Services Reports, 1998

• 2nd International Conference of theUNEP Insurance Industry Initiative,Tokyo, Japan, December 1997

• 3rd International Conference of theUNEP Insurance Industry Initiative,Cologne, Germany, June 1998

• 4th International Round Table of theFinancial Institutions Initiative,Cambridge, UK, September 1998

• Consultative paper comparing theUNEP Financial InstitutionsStatement and the SustainableDevelopment objective of theMaastricht Treaty and the FifthAction Programme

• Study of the Financial SectorInitiatives (to be presented at the 7thSession of the Council onSustainable Development, May 1998)

UNEP TIEJacqueline Aloisi de Larderel, Director39–43, quai André Citroën75739 Paris Cedex 15FranceTel: +33 1 44 37 14 50Fax: +33 1 44 37 14 74E-mail: unepie@unep.fr http://www.unepie.org

IETCJohn Whitelaw, Director2–110 Ryokuchi KoenTsurumi-kuOsaka 538-0036JapanTel: +81 66 915 4581Fax: +81 66 915 0304E-mail: ietc@unep.or.jp http://www.unep.or.jp

PRODUCTION ANDCONSUMPTIONFritz Balkau, Chief39–43, quai André Citroën75739 Paris Cedex 15FranceTel: +33 1 44 37 14 50Fax: +33 1 44 37 14 74E-mail: unepie@unep.frhttp://www.unepie.org

CHEMICALSJames Willis, Chief 11-13, Chemin des AnémonesCP356, CH–1219 ChâtelaineGeneva 10SwitzerlandTel: +41 22 917 81 11Fax: +41 22 797 34 60E-mail: chemicals@unep.chhttp://irptc.unep.ch

ENERGY AND OZONACTIONRajendra Shende, Chief 39–43, quai André Citroën75739 Paris Cedex 15FranceTel: +33 1 44 37 14 50Fax: +33 1 44 37 14 74E-mail: unepie@unep.frhttp://www.unepie.org/ozonaction.html

ECONOMICS AND TRADEHussein Abaza, Chief15, Chemin des AnémonesCH–1219 ChâtelaineGeneva 10SwitzerlandTel: +41 22 917 82 98Fax: +41 22 917 80 76E-mail: eteu@unep.ch http://www.unep.ch/eteu

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CONTACT ADDRESSES

WEB-SITESUNEP and the TIE Divisionhttp://www.unepie.org

Yellow Pageshttp://www.unepie.org/enta/yellow/download.html

IETChttp://www.unep.or.jp

INSIGHT Newsletterhttp://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Publications/INSIGHT

maESTRrohttp://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/ESTdir/maestro

Production and Consumptionhttp://www.unepie.org

APELLhttp://www.unepie.org/apell/home.html

Cleaner Productionhttp://www.unepie.org/cp/home.htmlhttp://www.unepie.org/icpic/icpic.html

Mineral Resources Forumhttp://www.natural-resources.org/environment

Offshore Oill and Gas Environment Forumhttp://www.natural-resources.org/offshore

continued on page 26

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continued from page 25

WEB-SITESChemicalshttp://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/

Prior Informed Consent (PIC)http://www.chem.unep.ch/pic/

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops

Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR)http://www.chem.unep.ch/prtr/

Inventory of Information Sources onChemicals (IISC) http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/irptc/invent/igo.html

Energy and OzonActionhttp://www.unepie.org/ozonaciotn.html

OzonAction Newsletterhttp://www.unepie.org/oazt/oan/oan.html

Economics and Tradehttp://www.unep-ch/eteu

ABBREVIATIONSAPELL Awareness and Preparedness for

Emergencies at Local LevelCDM Clean Development MechanismCITES Convention on International Trade in

Endangered SpeciesCOP Conference of the Parties to the UN

Framework Climate Change ConventionCP Cleaner ProductionCSD Commission on Sustainable DevelopmentEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentERA Environmental and Natural-Resource

AccountingEST Environmentally Sound TechnologiesFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of

the United NationsGEC Global Environment CentreGEF Global Environment FacilityICC International Chamber of CommerceICME International Council on Metals in the

EnvironmentIEA International Energy AgencyIETC International Environmental

Technology CentreIFCS Intergovernmental Forum on

Chemical SafetyIGO Intergovernmental OrganizationIISC Inventory of Information Sources

on ChemicalsILO International Labour OrganizationIMF International Monetary FundINC International Negotiating CommitteeLCA Life-Cycle AssessmentLVS Low-Volume Consumer CountriesMITI Japanese Ministry of International

Trade and IndustryNATIS National Appropriate Technology

Information Services

NCPC National Cleaner Production CentreNEDO New Energy and Industrial Technology

Development OrganizationNGO Non-Governmental OrganizationOAIC OzonAction Information ClearinghouseODS Ozone-Depleting SubstancesPCB Polychlorinated BiphenylPIC Prior Informed ConsentPOP Persistent Organic PollutantPRTR Pollutant Release and Transfer RegisterSC Sustainable ConsumptionSCP Sustainable Cities ProgrammeSIDS Screening Information Data SetsTOC Technical Options CommitteeUCCEE UNEP Collaborating Centre on Energy

and the EnvironmentUNCED United Nations Conference on

Environment and DevelopmentUNCHS United Nations Centre for Human

SettlementsUNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade

and DevelopmentUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNEP United Nations Environment ProgrammeUNIDO United Nations Industrial Development

OrganizationUNITAR United Nations Institute for Training

and ResearchUNSD United Nationals Statistics DepartmentUSEPA United States Environment

Protection AgencyVC Voluntary Code of ConductWBCSD World Business Council on

Sustainable DevelopmentWHO World Health OrganizationWTO World Tourism OrganizationWWF Worldwide Fund for Nature

UNEP’s mission is

‘to provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring forthe environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations

and peoples to improve their quality of life withoutcompromising that of future generations’

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