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A time machine

Big Bang a solid globe

atmosphere water

It became very v______iolent

In time it produced some gases.

The water on the earth is u_____ that on other planets.

water

nlike

plants in the water

shellfish and fish

plants on land

insects and amphibians

Reptiles Dinosaurs

Mammals

They produced young by l______ eggs.aying

They __________ young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.

gave birth to

Dinosaurs e_____ on the earth for more than 140 million years.

xisted

prevent...from 使 ... 不做某事 , 阻止 ... 做某事

Nothing will prevent us from studying hard.

stop

keep

One hundred and forty million years before humans ______,dinosaurs ruled the earth. At that time they had few natural enemies. So they developed quickly. They ____________ young by _____ eggs. Until now no one knows the exact reason why the dinosaurs were unable to ______ themselves _____ disappearing altogether. They died out _______. Maybe as some scientists guess, that the earth’s weather became hot and dry ____________ the dinosaurs’ life.

existed

gave birth to

laying

prevent from

in time

was harmful to

Fill in the blanks using some of the words on the blackboard.

1. What he discovered has not yet been

proved.

The subject ClauseThe subject Clause

3.It is an important topic for research why

the earth is becoming warmer.

2. Whether other astronomers accept his idea

remains a question.

真正的主语形式主语

主语从句 subject clause

Find the sentences with the subject clauses from the reading passage in Par.3—5.

Par3.

4.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.

5.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water …

7.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

Par4.6.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.

Par5.

Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when, who, why, how or that.

1.(_____ is needed for success) is your hard work.

3.(_____ we will go tomorrow )hasn’t been decided yet.

2.(______ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.

4.(______ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.

5.(________ it will rain or not) is not clear.

7.(______ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.

What

When/How

Where/whether

Who

Whether

That

6. (____ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.Why

主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Conclusion:

.

It was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not.

Subject Clause

Subject

Formed Subject

Whether the solid shape would last or not was not clear.

Real

引导主语从句在句首只能用 whether,

有 it 作形式主语的 whether/if 都可以 .Conclusion:

if

If ×

the earth is a solid globeThat is known to us all.

It is known to us all that the earth is a solid ball.

Use “it” to rewrite two sentences.

How life began on the earth has been learned in the text.

It has been learned in the text how life began on the earth.

Conclusion:

That 在主语从句中不能省略 .

1. 用 what / whether / that/ if/where / how / when /why / who / how much / etc. 来连接主语从句 .

Summary:Subject Clause

4. 引导主语从句在句首只能用 whether,有 it 作形式主语的 whether/if 都可以 .

5.That 在主语从句中不能省略 .

2. 有时为了使句子结构平衡 , 避免 “头重脚轻” , 常用 it 作形式主语 , 而把从句放在后面 .

pour …into

is harmful to our home .

What is harmful to our home ?

That the factory pours waste water into rivers

problemsproblems

destroyed the balance of nature .

That people cut down too many trees

cut down

What destroyed the balance of nature ?

problemsproblems

pollutes our home .

That people throw rubbish everywhere

throw… everywhere

What pollutes our home ?

problemsproblems

makes animals endangered.

____ people kill too many Antelope for money

kill… for money

What makes the Antelope endangered?ProblemsProblems

That

______makes Antelope

endangered is that people kill too many Antelope.

What

that 与 what

what 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 , 而 that 则不作句子成分 .Conclusion:

What makes the birds endangered?

makes birds endangered.give off

2.That_________________________________________smoke

3.It is reported that…

factory

1.What makes birds

endangered is that ___________________

problemsproblems

Step 2. suggestionStep 2. suggestion

A:I suggest/ believe that … should (not)…

C: What … suggests/ believes is that …

B:What does he suggest?

As a student, we should do many things to protect our earth.

DiscussionDiscussion

What should we do to protect our home?What should we do to protect our home?

What I want to say is that __________.It is obvious that ______________.That ____________ pollutes our earth.Why I say so is that ___________.How we can protect it is _________.What we should do first is that _______. Whether our earth can be protected depends on ______________________.

Only if we care will we help,

only if we help shall all be saved!

1. Turn the report into a composition using the words and phrases we learned today and Subject clause.

confident

different

patient

present

confidence

difference

patience

presence

2. Mother always comes back home in time to prepare dinner.

at last, finally

1. If you keep on, you will succeed in time.

not late

certain

fair

paid

kind

uncertain

unfair

unpaid

unkind

The water from the factory ___________________is harmful to the river.

Your smoking is harmful to your child’s health.

is harmful to

动词 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 意义

lie lay lain lying 躺，位于

lie lied lied lying 撒谎

lay laid laid laying 搁，放，下蛋

The naughty boy ___ to me that the hen that

___ there just now had___ two eggs the day

before.

A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lain

C. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laid

D