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1 Unit 11 Segments and Equations of Circles Lesson 1: Properties of Tangents Opening Exercise Draw 3 different diagrams of a circle and a line given the following: They do NOT intersect. They intersect once. They intersect twice. A line that intersects a circle at exactly two points is called a ______________________________ line. A line that intersects a circle at exactly one point is called a _______________________________ line.

Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

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Page 1: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

1    

Unit  11  Segments  and  Equations  of  Circles  

 Lesson  1:    Properties  of  Tangents    Opening  Exercise    Draw  3  different  diagrams  of  a  circle  and  a  line  given  the  following:    They  do  NOT  intersect.  

                 

They  intersect  once.    

They  intersect  twice.    

         A  line  that  intersects  a  circle  at  exactly  two  points  is  called  a  ______________________________  line.        A  line  that  intersects  a  circle  at  exactly  one  point  is  called  a  _______________________________  line.                          

Page 2: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

2    

Example  1    You  will  need  a  protractor.    In  the  accompanying  diagram,  P  is  called:      Using  a  protractor,  measure  the  angle  formed  by  the  radius  and  the  tangent  line.    Write  the  angle  measure  on  the  diagram.        Will  this  work  for  all  angles  formed  by  a  radius  and  a  tangent  line?      Important  Discovery!    A  tangent  line  to  a  circle  is  ________________________________  to  the  radius  of  the  circle  drawn  to  the  point  of  tangency.        The  converse  is  also  true.  So,  a  line  through  a  point  on  a  circle  is  tangent  at  the  point  if,  and  only  if,  it  is  perpendicular  to  the  radius  drawn  to  the  point  of  tangency.    Tangent  lines  that  meet  two  circles  are  called  _____________________________  tangents.    Listed  below  are  the  5  different  ways  we  can  discuss  common  tangents.      

 

4 Common Tangents (2 completely separate circles)

3 Common Tangents (2 externally tangent circles)

2 Common Tangents (2 overlapping circles)

1 Common Tangent (2 internally tangent circles)

0 Common Tangents (2 concentric circles)

Concentric circles are circles with the same center.

(one circle floating inside the other,

without touching)

Page 3: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

3    

Example  2    In  the  diagram,  CD  and  CE  are  tangent  to  circle  A  at  points  D  and  E  respectively.        Write  a  two-­‐column  proof  to  prove  CD CE≅ .                 Statements             Reasons    1.    CD  and  CE  are  tangent  to  circle  A  at                                 1.    Given              points  D  and  E  respectively        2.     ADC∠  and     AEC∠  are  right  angles                                          2.        3.     ADCΔ  and   AECΔ  are  right  triangles.                                 3.      4.     ≅AD AE                                                                                                                                          4.          5.     AC AC≅   5.      6.     ADC AECΔ ≅ Δ                                                                                                                          6.      7.    CD CE≅                                                                                                                                                  7.            

   

Important  Discovery!    Theorem    

• The  two  tangent  segments  to  a  circle  from  an  exterior  point  are  ________________________.    

 

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4    

Example  3    In  circle  A,  the  radius  is  9  mm  and   12  mmBC = .        a.   Find   AC .      b.   Find   AD .    Explain  how  you  know.            c.   Find  CD .    Explain  how  you  know.            d.   Find  the  area  of   ACDΔ .            e.   Find  the  perimeter  of  quadrilateral   ABCD .                        Example  4    If   5AB = ,   12BC = ,  and   13AC = ,  is  BC

s ru  tangent  to  

circle  A  at  point  B?    Explain.                            

Page 5: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

5    

Example  5    You  will  need  a  compass  and  a  ruler.    Construct  a  line  tangent  to  circle  A  through  point  B.                                                                

Page 6: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

6    

Exercises    1.   In  the  diagram,  circle  O  is  inscribed  in   ABCΔ  so  that  the     circle  is  tangent  to   AB  at  F,  to  BC  at  E,  and  to   AC  at  D.         If   AF = FB =5  and  DC =7 ,  find  the  perimeter  of   ABCΔ .                                      2.   In  circle  A,   12EF = ,   13AE = ,  and   : 1:3AE AC = .           a.     Find  the  length  of  the  radius  of  the  circle.                           b.   Find  BC  (to  the  nearest  tenth).                   c.   Find  EC                

Page 7: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

7    

Homework                1.   If   9BC = ,   6AB = ,  and   15AC = ,  is  BC

s ru  

  tangent  to  circle  A?    Explain.                                2.   In  the  given  figure,  the  three  segments  are  

tangent  to  the  circle  at  point  F,  B  and  G.    Find  DE.  

       

 

 

 

 

3.   In  the  given  figure,  circles  X  and  Y  have  two  tangents  drawn  to  them  from  external  point  T.    The  points  of  tangency  are  C,  A,  S,  and  E.    The  ratio  of  TA  to  AC  is  1:3.      If  TS  =24,  find  the  length  of  SE.  

 

 

Page 8: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

8    

Lesson  2:    Tangent  Segments  and  Angles  

 Opening  Exercise    Find  x  if  the  line  shown  is  tangent  to  the  circle  at  point  B.                                                            

Page 9: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

9    

Example  1  

Given  circle  A  with  tangent  BGs ruu

.      

a.   Draw   ABCΔ .    What  is  the  measure  of   BAC∠ ?       Explain.  

 

 

b.      What  is  the  measure  of   ABG∠ ?    Explain.  

 

 

 

c.   Express  the  measure  of  the  remaining  two  angles  of   ABCΔ  in  terms  of  a.    Explain.    

 

 

 

d.   What  is  the  measure  of   BAC∠  in  terms  of  a?    Show  how  you  calculated  your  answer.  

 

 

 

e.   Summarize  what  we  have  just  proven.  

 

 

   

Page 10: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

10    

 

 

Exercises  

1.   Solve  for  a.           2.     Solve  for  a.        

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.   Solve  for  a.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

Theorem    

• An  inscribed  angle  formed  by  a  secant  and  a  tangent  line  is  ______________________                                              of  the  angle  measure  of  the  arc  it  intercepts.    

 

Page 11: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

11    

We  have  learned  a  lot  about  tangents!    Here  is  a  summary:  

• A  tangent  line  intersects  a  circle  at  exactly  one  point  (and  is  in  the  same  plane).  • The  point  where  the  tangent  line  intersects  a  circle  is  called  the  point  of  tangency.    • The  tangent  line  is  perpendicular  to  a  radius  whose  endpoint  is  the  point  of  

tangency.      • The  two  tangent  segments  to  a  circle  from  an  exterior  point  are  congruent.  • The  measure  of  an  angle  formed  by  a  tangent  segment  and  a  chord  is  one-­‐half  the  

angle  measure  of  its  intercepted  arc.  • If  an  inscribed  angle  intercepts  the  same  arc  as  an  angle  formed  by  a  tangent  

segment  and  a  chord,  then  the  two  angles  are  congruent.    

 

 

Example  2  

Find  the  values  of  a,  b,  and  c.    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

Page 12: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

12    

Example  3  

Find  the  values  of  a,  b,  and  c.    

 

 

 

 

   

Page 13: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

13    

Homework                1.   Calculate  the  value  of  z.           2.   Find  the  values  of  a  and  b.    

                           3.   Complete  the  following  two-­‐column  proof.           Given:    Circle  P  with  tangents  AC  and  AB        Ray  AP  is  drawn       Prove:     AP  bisects   CAB∠                           Statements           Reasons       1.   Circle  P  with  tangents  AC  and  AB   1.   Given       Ray  AP  is  drawn      

2.   Draw  radii  BP  and  CP       2.   Auxiliary  Lines      

3.                

Page 14: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

14    

Lesson  3:    Interior  and  Exterior  Angles    Opening  Exercise    Vocabulary    

Definition   Diagram    

Secant  Line    

• a  line  that  intersects  a  circle  in  exactly  two  points        

                               What  is  the  difference  between  a  tangent  and  a  secant?          On  the  given  circle,  draw  two  secants  that:    a.   intersect  inside  the  circle.       b.   intersect  outside  the  circle.        

             

           c.   intersect  on  the  circle.       d.     do  not  intersect.                  

             

Page 15: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

15    

Example  1    Using  our  knowledge  of  inscribed  angles,  we  are  going  to  find  the  measure  of  an  interior  angle  that  is  not  a  central  angle.      To  find  x,  draw  chord  BD.      Can  you  determine  any  of  the  angle  measures  in  ΔBDG ?    Explain.                    Find  x.    Justify  your  answer.            

 

 

 

 

 

Interior  Angle  (vertex  inside  the  circle)           Formula    

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Example  2    a.   Find  the  value  of  x:           b.   Find  the  value  of  x:                                          Exercises    1.   Find  the  values  of  angles  x  and  y.       2.   Find  the  value  of  x.                                    

Page 17: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

17    

 

 

Exterior  Angle  (vertex  outside  the  circle)           Formula                    Example  3    Write  the  equation  used  to  find  m∠C  in  the  following  diagrams:    

       

Page 18: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

18    

Exercises    1.   Find  the  measure  of  ∠BCE .                                          2.   Find  the  measure  of  ∠BCD .                                                      

Page 19: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

19    

Homework                1.   Find  the  value  of  x.         2.   Find  the  measure  of  ∠DEB .                

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.   Find  the  measure  of  ∠E .        

 

 

   

Page 20: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

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Lesson  4:    Interior  and  Exterior  Angles  II    Opening  Exercise    Find  the  value  of  x  in  the  diagrams  pictured  below:                    

Page 21: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

21    

Example  1    Find  the  value  of  x.  

                                   Example  2    If   28m DCE∠ = ,  solve  for  x.                        

Page 22: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

22    

Example  3    Find  the  values  of  x  and  y.    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

         

 

 

   

Page 23: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

23    

Exercises    In  the  following  questions,  find  the  value  of  x:    1.                                          2.                                        

Page 24: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

24    

Homework                1.   Find  the  values  of  x  and  y.                                      2.   Find  the  value  of  x.                                3.   Find  m∠CED .                

Page 25: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

25    

Lesson  5:    Similar  Triangles  in  Circle–Secant  Diagrams    Opening  Exercise    Given:    Circle  with  chords  BD  and  CE      

 intersecting  at  point  F      Prove:    BF ⋅CF = EF ⋅DF        

Page 26: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

26    

     Exercises    1.   Find  the  value  of  x.                                      2.   In  the  circle  shown,   11DE = ,   10BC = ,                                                                       and   8DF = .    Find  the  shorter  part  of  BC .                                  

Intersecting  Chords    

      Formula              

 

a  

b  c  

d  

Page 27: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

27    

Segment  Lengths    It  is  also  true  that  when  secant  lines,  tangent  lines,  or  secant  and  tangent  lines  intersect  outside  of  a  circle,  their  segment  lengths  can  be  found  using: ( ) ( )a a b c c d+ = + .                    In  words,   ___________________i______________________ = ___________________i______________________ .            Sometimes  the  whole  and  the  outside  piece  are  one  in  the  same.    In  this  case,  the  formula  is  

( )2a b b c= + .                        In  words,   ______________________ = ___________________i______________________ .          

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28    

Exercises    1.   Find  the  value  of  x  in  simplest     radical  form.                          2.           If   6CE = ,   9CB = ,  and   18CD = ,  find  CF .                                    3.   Find  the  value  of  x.                                  

Page 29: Unit%11% Segments%and%Equations%of%Circles% … › cms › lib › NY19000265 › ... · 2018-08-08 · 11"! We"have"learned"a"lot"about"tangents!""Here"is"a"summary:" • Atangent"line"intersects"a"circle"at"exactly"one"point"(and"is"in"the"same"plane

29    

Homework                1.   Find  the  value  of  x.                                  2.   Find  the  value  of  x.                                3.   Find  the  value  of  x.                              

   

 

     

   

   

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30    

Lesson  6:    Writing  the  Equation  of  a  Circle    Opening  Exercise    a.   Find  the  length  of  the  line  segment  shown  on  the  coordinate  plane  below.                                              b.   Using  the  distance  formula,  find  the  distance  between  the  points   ( )9,15  and   ( )3,7 .                                  

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31    

Example  1    If  we  graph  all  of  the  points  whose  distance  from  the  origin  is  equal  to  5,  what  shape  will  be  formed?    Using  the  given  coordinate  plane,  plot  4  points  that  are  5  units  away  from  the  origin.        Now,  we  need  to  find  4  more.        Write  down  any  ideas  that  you  might  have  to  find  the  location  of  the  next  point  that  is  also  5  units  from  the  origin.                                  Compare  your  plan  with  a  partner.    Once  you  agree  on  a  plan,  plot  three  more  points  using  this  method.    Using  your  compass,  connect  these  points  to  form  a  circle.        In  the  above  circle,  the  center  is  located  at  ___________________  and  the  radius  length  is  ________.      We  found  the  location  of  a  point  on  the  circle  by  using      _______________________________________________,  which  states  ___________________________________.    If  we  generalize  this  formula  by  using  a  point  named   ( ),x y ,  the  point  will  satisfy  the  

equation   2 2 25x y+ =  when  the  circle  has  a  center  at  the  origin.              

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32    

Example  2    Now,  let’s  look  at  a  circle  that  is  not  centered  at  the  origin.      This  circle  is  centered  at   ( )2,3  and  has  a  radius  length  of  5  units.      Is  this  circle  congruent  to  the  circle  we  constructed?        Is  there  a  sequence  of  basic  rigid  motions  that  would  take  this  circle  center  to  the  origin?    Explain.                The  equation  for  this  circle  can  be  found  using  this  same  pattern  to  move  the  center  of  the  circle  back  to  the  origin.        The  equation  of  this  circle  is:                                

 

Standard  Form  of  the  Equation  of  a  Circle    

      with  center    and  radius  length          

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33    

Example  3    Write  the  equation  of  the  circle  that  is  graphed  below.                                              

Example  4    Find  the  radius  and  center  of  the  circle  given  by  the  equation:    

 

 

 

 

Example  5    Write  an  equation  for  the  circle  whose  center  is  at    and  has  radius  7.        

( ) ( )2 212 4 81x y+ + − =

( )9,0

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34    

Homework    1.   Describe  the  circle  given  by  the  equation:   .                    2.   Write  the  equation  for  a  circle  with  center    and  radius  8.                    3.   Write  the  equation  for  the  circle  shown.                                                

( ) ( )2 27 8 9x y− + − =

( )0, 4−

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35    

Lesson  7:    Writing  the  Equation  of  a  Circle  II    Opening  Exercise    Two  points  in  the  plane,    and   ,  represent  the  endpoints  of  the  diameter  of  a  circle.    a.   What  is  the  center  of  the  circle?    Explain.                      b.   What  is  the  radius  of  the  circle?    Explain.                    c.   Write  the  equation  of  the  circle.          

( )−3,8A ( )17,8B

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36    

Example  1    Write  the  equation  of  a  circle  with  center   ( )3,10  that  passes  through   ( )12,12 ?                                  Example  2    A  circle  with  center   ( )2, 5−  is  tangent  to  the  x-­‐axis.        a.   What  is  the  radius  of  the  circle?              b.   What  is  the  equation  of  the  circle?                          

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37    

Example  3    Given  a  circle  centered  at  the  origin  that  goes  through  point  (0,  2),  determine  whether  or  not  this  circle  would  go  through  the  point   .                            Example  4    Determine  the  center  and  radius  of  each  circle:      a.   ( ) ( )+ + − =

2 24 6 50x y                    b.   2 23 3 75x y+ =                  c.   ( ) ( )2 24 2 4 9 64 0x y− + − − =            

(1, 3)

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38    

Homework                1.   Determine  the  center  and  radius  of  the  circle  2 x +1( )2 +2 y +2( )2 =10 .                      2.   Write  the  equation  of  a  circle  that  has  a  center  of  (-­‐4,  -­‐3)  and  is  tangent  to  the  y-­‐axis.                      3.   A  circle  has  a  diameter  with  endpoints  at   3,−2( )  and   3,6( ) .    Write  the  equation  for     this  circle.          

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39    

Lesson  8:    Recognizing  Equations  of  Circles    Opening  Exercise    Complete  the  following  table:    

Polynomial   Factored  Form  

x2 + 2x +1   (x +1)2  

x2 + 4x + 4    

x2 − 6x + 9    

  (x + 4)2  

  (x − 7)2  

x2 − 20x +100    

                     

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40    

     Example  1    Find  the  center  and  the  radius  of  the  following:    a.   2 24 4 6 9 36x x y y+ + + − + =                    b.   2 210 25 14 49 4x x y y− + + + + =                    Example  2    Find  the  center  and  the  radius  of  the  following:     2 24 12 41x x y y+ + − =                    

Equation  of  a  Circle         Standard  Form       General  Form        

                                                                 

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41    

Example  3    Could  the  circle  with  the  equation   2 26 7 0x x y− + − =  have  a  radius  of  4?    Why  or  why  not?                    Example  4    Identify  the  graphs  of  the  following  equations  as  a  circle,  point,  or  an  empty  set.      

a.   2 2 4 0x y x+ + =           b.   2 2 6 4 15 0x y x y+ + − + =                      

 

 

 

Summary  

When   r2  is  …   The  figure  is  …  

Positive    

Negative    

Zero    

   

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42    

Exercises    1.   The  graph  of  the  equation  below  is  a  circle.    Identify  the  center  and  radius  of  the     circle.         2 210 8 8 0x x y y+ + − − =                2.   Identify  the  graphs  of  the  following  equations  as  a  circle,  point,  or  an  empty  set.    

  a.   2 22 1x x y+ + = −               b.   2 2 3x y+ = −               c.   2 2 6 6 7x y x y+ + + =              Example  5    

Chante  claims  that  two  circles  given  by   ( ) ( )2 22 4 49x y+ + − =  and   x−3( )2+ y+8( )

2=36  are  

externally  tangent.    She  is  right.    Show  that  she  is.                  

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43    

Homework                1.   Identify  the  center  and  radius  of  the  following  circles.    

  a.   ( )2 225 1x y− + =               b.   2 22 8 8x x y y+ + − =                 c.   2 220 10 25 0x x y y− + − + =               d.   2 2 19x y+ =                2.   Sketch  a  graph  of  the  equation   2 2 14 16 104 0x y x y+ + − + = .                                

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44    

Lesson  9:    Inscribed  and  Circumscribed  Circles      Opening  Exercise    In  each  diagram,  try  to  draw  a  circle  with  center  D  that  is  tangent  to  both  rays  of  ∠BAC .    

       Which  diagrams  did  it  seem  impossible  to  draw  such  a  circle?    Why  did  it  seem  impossible?          What  do  you  conjecture  about  circles  tangent  to  both  rays  of  an  angle?    Why  do  you  think  that?      

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45    

Important  Discovery!    If  a  circle  is  tangent  to  both  rays  of  an  angle,  then  the  center  of  the  circle  lies  on  the:                Example  1    You  will  need  a  compass  and  a  straightedge.    Construct  a  circle  that  is  tangent  to  both  rays  of  the  given  angle.    1.   How  do  you  find  the  center?        2.   How  do  you  find  the  radius?          Now  let’s  make  the  construction!                                            

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46    

Example  2    You  will  need  a  compass  and  a  straightedge.    Let’s  construct  a  circle  inscribed  in  a  triangle!        In  the  space  below,  using  a  straightedge,  draw  a  large  triangle.                              a.   Pick  any  two  angles  and  construct  their  angle  bisectors.      b.   What  is  special  about  the  intersection  point  of  these  angle  bisectors?      c.   Construct  a  perpendicular  segment  from  this  intersection  point  to  any  side  of  your  

triangle.    What  is  this  segment  called?      d.   Using  your  compass,  the  intersection  point  of  your  angle  bisectors,  and  this  segment     length,  construct  a  circle.    This  is  called  the  incircle.                        

   

Theorems    

 

• If  a  circle  is  tangent  to  both  rays  of  an  angle,  then  its  center  lies  on  the  angle  bisector.    

• Every  triangle  contains  an  inscribed  circle  whose  center  is  the  intersection  of  the  triangle’s  angle  bisectors.  

 

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We  have  now  discussed  points  of  concurrency  in  triangles  over  the  course  of  the  year.    Let’s  take  a  look  at  them  one  more  time  to  see  how  this  relates  to  inscribed  and  circumscribed  circles.    Draw  in  the  points  of  concurrency  in  the  diagrams  below:    

Centroid   Incenter   Circumcenter   Orthocenter  

medians   angle  bisectors   perpendicular  bisectors   altitudes  

           Example  3    You  will  need  a  compass  and  a  straightedge.    Construct  a  circle  so  that  it  is  circumscribed  around  the  triangle  pictured.    This  is  called  the  circumcircle.        Recall:    To  find  the  inscribed  circle,  we  used  incenter.        To  find  the  circumscribed  circle,  we  will  use  __________________________________  .      

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

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Exercises    

1.   Point  B  is  the  centroid.    Find  x,  y,  and  z.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.   Point  A  is  the  circumcenter.    Find  x,  y  and  z.    

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Homework    1. Draw  the  incircle  to  the  pictured  triangle:                                      2. Draw  the  circumcircle  to  the  pictured  triangle:                        

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Lesson  10:    Cyclic  Quadrilaterals      Opening  Exercise        

                 The  above  4  diagrams  are  examples  of  cyclic  quadrilaterals.    What  do  you  think  the  definition  of  a  cyclic  quadrilateral  is?                  What  is  another  term  that  we  have  previously  used  for  diagrams  like  the  cyclic  ones  above?                

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Example  1    Given  cyclic  quadrilateral  ABCD  shown  in  the  diagram,  prove  that   x + y =180° .                                                                                    

 If  a  quadrilateral  is  cyclic,  then  its  __________________________________  angles  are      __________________________________________.  

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Exercises    1.   What  is  the  exact  value  of  x  that  guarantees  that     the  quadrilateral  shown  in  the  diagram  is  cyclic?                            2.   Quadrilateral  BDCE  is  cyclic,  O  is  the  center  of  the  circle,  and   130m BOC∠ = ° .                                               Find  m BEC∠ .                                    3.   In  the  diagram,  BE !CD  and   72m BED∠ = ° .        

a.   Find  the  values  of  s  and  t.              

b.   What  kind  of  figure  is  the  quadrilateral    BCDE?    How  do  you  know?  

 

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Homework    1.   In  the  diagram  given,  BC  is  the  diameter,     25m BCD∠ = ° ,  and  CE DE≅ .    Find  m CED∠ .                                      2.   In  circle  A,   15m ABD∠ = ° .    Find  m BCD∠ .                                    3.   In  the  diagram  given,  quadrilateral  JKLM  is  cyclic.    Find  the  value  of  n.