Unit VI – A Growing America

Chapter 20Section 3 – City LIfe

City LifeThe Big Idea

The rapid growth of cities in the late 1800s created both challenges and opportunities.

Main Ideas

• Crowded urban areas faced a variety of social problems.

• People worked to improve the quality of life in U.S. cities.

Main Idea 1: Crowded urban areas faces a variety

of social problems.

Urban problems rose as populations grew.

Shortages of affordable housingShortages of affordable housing

Sanitation problemsSanitation problems

Water pollutionWater pollution

OvercrowdingOvercrowding

Disease and health problemsDisease and health problems

Air pollutionAir pollution

Tenement Life

Journalist and photographer Jacob RiisJacob Riis exposed the horrible conditions in New York tenements in his book How the Other Half LivesHow the Other Half Lives.

Shortages of affordable housing forced families to squeeze into tiny tenement apartments.

Many people were forced to live in small spacessmall spaces.

Few or no windowsFew or no windows to let in fresh air and sunshine

Indoor plumbing scarceIndoor plumbing scarce

DiseasesDiseases like cholera, tuberculosis, and influenzacholera, tuberculosis, and influenza spread quickly in these crowded neighborhoods.

Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair

In 1877 – Jacob Riis

1906- Upton Sinclair

Upton Sinclair- The Jungle – 3:11 min.

Urban Problems

Name four diseases caused by poor sanitation?

If a family living in Chicago had six babies during the 1870’s, how many of them could they expect to live past age 5?

What kinds of problems did growing city governments in the late 1800’s face, and which problem they try to fix first?

Main Idea 2:People worked to improve the quality

of life in U.S. cities.

Many private organizations stepped in to help the poor.

Reformer Lawrence VeillerLawrence Veiller

Helped to get the 1901 New York State Tenement House Act passed

settlement houses

Settlement House Movement

Settlement House-Settlement House- volunteers offer immigrants services- language instruction, job training, social activities, clubs and sports.

Over 400 settlement house in America by 1910

Social Gospel-Social Gospel- faith is expressed through good works. Churches had moral duty to help solve social problems.

Settlement Houses One of the most famous settlement houses was Hull House

Founded in Chicago in 1889 by reformers Jane Addams and Ellen GatesJane Addams and Ellen Gates StarrStarr

Florence KelleyFlorence Kelley,, a reformer at Hull House, visited sweatshops and wrote about the problems there.

Convinced lawmakers to take action and in 1893, Illinois passed a law to limit working hours for women and to prevent child-labor

Became Illinois’s chief factory inspector and helped to enforce the law

Settlement houses continued to provide programs and services Settlement houses continued to provide programs and services through the 1900s.through the 1900s.

Jane AddamsThere is an old saying

that says, “Behind every good man there stands a good woman.” But throughout history, was that man just standing in the way of the woman?

Jane Addams Birth: 1860, Cedarville, Illinois

Death: 1935, Chicago, Illinois

Founder of the Settlement House Movement.

She and her friend Ellen Starr founded Hull House in the slums of Chicago in 1889.

She wrote 11 books, numerous articles and headed various organizations.

She participated in the International Congress of Women at the Hague in 1915

First American Woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize

Hull House, founded 1889By 1893, Hull-House had

become a center for a wide variety of clubs, functions, classes and activities for the neighborhood. Addams and her associates championed the protection of immigrants, child labor laws and recreation facilities for children, industrial safety, juvenile courts, recognition of labor unions, woman suffrage, and world peace.

Addams never drew a salary from Hull-House, but instead used her inheritance and the proceeds from her many books and articles to live on as well as to underwrite these causes.

Hull House- National Historic LandmarkAround Hull-House, immigrants to

Chicago crowded into a residential and industrial neighborhood. Italians, Russian and Polish Jews, Irish, Germans, Greeks and Bohemians predominated. Hull House provided services for the neighborhood, such as kindergarten and daycare facilities for children of working mothers, an employment bureau, an art gallery, libraries, and music and art classes. By 1900 the Jane Club (a cooperative residence for working women), the first Little Theater in America, a Labor Museum and a meeting place for trade union groups.

The original Hull mansion remains, a national historic landmark in June of 1967

Improving City Life

What was the purpose of How the Other Half Lives?

How did Florence Kelly help reform working conditions?

How might the 1893 Illinois labor law have changed the lives of children?